579:
567:
469:
414:, more people migrated into Seoul to make their living and settled down along the stream in shabby makeshift houses. The accompanying trash, sand, and waste, and deteriorating conditions resulted in an eyesore for the city. The stream was covered up with concrete over 20 years starting in 1958, and a 5.6 km-long (3.5 mi), 16 m-wide (52 ft) elevated highway was completed in 1976. The area became an example of successful industrialization and modernization of South Korea.
555:
531:
431:
543:
423:
381:
40:
442:, initiated a project to remove the elevated highway and restore the stream. It was a major undertaking since the highway had to be removed and years of neglect and development had left the stream nearly dry. 120,000 tons of water were to be pumped in daily from the Han River, its tributaries, and groundwater from subway stations.
491:
Creating an environment with clean water and natural habitats was the most significant achievement of the project. Species of fish, birds, and insects have increased significantly as a result of the stream excavation. The stream helps to cool down the temperature on the nearby areas by 3.6 °C on
514:
Some Korean environmental organizations have criticized its high costs and lack of ecological and historical authenticity, calling it purely symbolic and not truly beneficial to the city's eco-environment. Instead of using the restoration as an instrument of urban development the environmental
392:("open stream") after the first refurbishment project to construct a drainage system during the Joseon period. The work, which included dredging and bolstering the banks of the stream and building bridges, was carried out every 2–3 years during this period from the reign of
449:, the Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project Headquarters established traffic flow measures in the downtown section affected by the restoration work and coordinated changes in the downtown traffic system based on the research of the Cheonggyecheon Restoration Research Corps.
578:
452:
The restoration of two historic bridges, Gwangtonggyo and
Supyogyo, was also a contentious issue, as several interest groups voiced opinions on how to restore historical and cultural sites and remains and whether to replace the bridges or not.
1045:
Temperton, Vicky M.; Higgs, Eric; Choi, Young D.; Allen, Edith; Lamb, David; Lee, Chang-Seok; Harris, James; Hobbs, Richard J.; Zedler, Joy B. (May 2014). "Flexible and
Adaptable Restoration: An Example from South Korea".
518:
The cost of managing
Cheonggyecheon has been rising every year. From October 2005 to the end of 2016, maintenance and management cost of Cheonggyecheon totalled ₩85.7 billion, which averaged out to ₩7.1 billion per year.
644:
496:
has decreased by 2.3%, with an increasing number of users of buses (by 1.4%) and subways (by 4.3%: a daily average of 430,000 people) as a result of the demolition of the two heavily used roads.
1117:
1240:
880:
812:
Urban waterways: Seoul peels back the pavement and reveals a river - Cheonggyecheon, Livable cities, Seoul | TerraPass: Fight global warming, reduce your carbon footprint
794:
566:
340:
The
Cheonggyecheon restoration project initially attracted significant public criticism, but since its opening in 2005 it has become popular among residents and
515:
organizations have called for a gradual long-term ecological and historical recovery of the entire
Cheonggyecheon stream basin and its ecological system.
337:
project to disassemble the expressway and restore the stream, which was completed in 2005 at a cost of over ₩386 billion (approximately US$ 281 million).
1225:
1125:
456:
The
Cheonggyecheon restoration project had the purpose of preserving the unique identity of the natural environment and the historic resources in the
407:. During this time, financial difficulties disrupted and prevented Japanese forces from covering up the stream despite several attempts to do so.
554:
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530:
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814:
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239:
460:, and to reinforce the surrounding business area with information technology, international affairs and digital industries.
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499:
The project sped up traffic around the city when the motorway was removed. It has been cited as a real-life example of
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1235:
1158:
653:(in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. 31 December 2012. pp. 108–109. Archived from
830:
404:
1076:
1205:
511:
Budgeted at ₩349 billion, the final cost of the project was over ₩386 billion (approximately US$ 281 million).
322:
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and beautification. However, there was considerable opposition from the previous mayoral administration of
341:
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253:
1245:
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704:
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603:, the process of revealing rivers which have previously been covered over as part of urban development
705:"Cleanup Makes It a Source of National Pride : Seoul's Once-Dead Han River Brought Back to Life"
500:
953:"The politics of urban nature restoration: The case of Cheonggyecheon restoration in Seoul, Korea"
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The stream was opened to the public in
September 2005 and was lauded as a major success in
422:
818:
798:
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290:
276:
104:
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of the adjacent areas that housed many shops and small businesses in the machine trades.
997:
Križnik, B. (2010). "Urban
Regeneration in Global Seoul: New Approaches, Old Divides?".
729:
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333:, the Cheonggye Expressway, in its place. In 2003, the city government began an
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119:
58:
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Gaecheon was renamed to
Cheonggyecheon, its current name, when Korea was under
1152:
411:
369:
319:
1181:
1168:
1037:
976:
17:
311:
100:
88:
984:
Shin, J. H. (2004). "Dream and Hope of Korea, Cheonggyecheon
Restoration".
856:
Easley, D and Kleinberg, J: "Networks", page 71. Cornell Store Press, 2008
1028:
1011:
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326:
315:
1012:"Uncovering Chonggyechon: The Ruins of Modernization and Everyday Life"
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average versus other parts of Seoul. The number of vehicles entering
353:
325:
and deteriorating conditions prompted the filling of the stream with
295:
199:
1075:
Richardson, Harry Ward; Bae, Chang-Hee Christine (1 January 2011).
400:
especially undertook the refurbishment work as a national project.
467:
429:
421:
379:
215:
144:
108:
68:
680:"Cheonggyecheon (Stream) | global_main_en>Facility management"
1081:
Regional and Urban Policy and Planning on the Korean Peninsula
833:. English.donga.com (2005-08-12). Retrieved on 2010-11-21.
314:, it was historically maintained as part of Seoul's early
310:. A natural stream sourced from the Suseongdong Valley in
963:(2). Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press: 145–165.
258:
1110:
Seoul Metropolitan Facilities Management Corporation
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83:
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32:
821:. TerraPass (2009-07-17). Retrieved on 2010-11-21.
352:Cheonggyecheon is an 10.84 km (6.74 mi)
1241:Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in South Korea
986:Magazine of Korean Water Resources Association
649:[List of Rivers of South Korea, 2013]
560:The beginning of the Cheonggye Stream at night
1134:"A path for the people in the heart of Seoul"
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
8:
280:
221:
205:
1083:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 69–.
1027:
957:International Development Planning Review
294:) is a 10.9-kilometre-long (6.8 mi)
867:The Politics of Urban Nature Restoration
426:Cheonggyecheon under restoration in 2005
879:Kang (강), Gyeong-ji (경지) (2011-11-20).
633:
526:
766:"Removing Freeways - Restoring Cities"
639:
637:
548:Cheonggye Stream flowing through Seoul
318:until the mid-20th century, when post-
29:
1077:"Quality of life and liveable cities"
536:The beginning of the Cheonggye Stream
289:
162:50.96 km (19.68 sq mi)
7:
1122:Official Seoul City Tourism Website
572:The view of Cheonggyecheon at night
999:Wiener Beiträge zur Koreaforschung
792:Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project
753:Official website of Cheonggyecheon
25:
1226:Geography of Jung District, Seoul
844:"Cheonggye Plaza Season Market -"
577:
565:
553:
541:
529:
472:Shortly after reopening in 2005.
38:
584:Cheonggyecheon around Mojeongyo
291:[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋ.ɡje̞.t͡ɕʰʌ̹ːn]
281:
222:
206:
185:Seongbukcheon, Jeongneungcheon
1:
951:Cho, Myung-Rae (2010-01-01).
438:In July 2003, Mayor of Seoul
356:flowing west to east through
75:Physical characteristics
1231:Geography of Jongno District
1216:Tourist attractions in Seoul
831:donga.com[English donga]
703:Jones, Terril (1987-04-12).
434:Cheonggye Expressway in 1972
396:, the third king of Joseon.
154:10.92 km (6.79 mi)
898:(in Korean). Archived from
329:and the construction of an
259:
245:
132: • location
96: • location
1267:
755:, Retrieved on 2010-11-21.
732:. Retrieved on 2010-11-21.
445:To address the consequent
323:rapid economic development
789:*Park, Kil-dong. (2007).
266:
189:
114:
79:
37:
921:
881:
865:Cho, Myun-Rae. (2010). "
645:
388:The stream was named as
364:, which connects to the
817:August 2, 2009, at the
181: • left
1182:37.57000°N 127.00639°E
797:July 17, 2011, at the
770:Preservation Institute
473:
435:
427:
385:
384:Cheonggyecheon in 1904
87:Suseongdong Valley in
44:Cheonggyecheon in 2012
922:1년 71억의 세금이 청계천에 들어간다
882:청계천 물길 따라 해마다 80억원 증발
471:
433:
425:
383:
368:and empties into the
287:Korean pronunciation:
1029:10.1353/ks.2006.0009
1010:Shin, Hisup (2005).
969:10.3828/idpr.2010.05
846:. 18 September 2012.
240:Revised Romanization
27:River in South Korea
1221:Demolished highways
1187:37.57000; 127.00639
1178: /
1048:Restoration Ecology
360:, and then meeting
167:Basin features
1251:Daylighted streams
1236:Urban public parks
607:Seoul Peace Market
474:
436:
428:
386:
1090:978-1-84980-579-7
1060:10.1111/rec.12095
710:Los Angeles Times
617:Gwanghwamun Plaza
270:
269:
254:McCune–Reischauer
16:(Redirected from
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1124:. Archived from
1118:"Cheonggyecheon"
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1106:"Cheonggyecheon"
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612:Gwangjang Market
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501:Braess's paradox
331:elevated freeway
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1206:Rivers of Seoul
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1138:www.museeum.com
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945:Further reading
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819:Wayback Machine
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684:www.sisul.or.kr
678:
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673:
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660:on 4 March 2016
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596:Rivers of Korea
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484:, which feared
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447:traffic problem
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1211:Downtown Seoul
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1128:on 2012-03-14.
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1100:
1099:External links
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1072:
1054:(3): 271–278.
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1016:Korean Studies
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730:PDF, in Korean
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494:downtown Seoul
486:gentrification
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358:downtown Seoul
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304:downtown Seoul
273:Cheonggyecheon
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1246:Linear parks
1163:
1142:. Retrieved
1137:
1126:the original
1121:
1109:
1080:
1051:
1047:
1019:
1015:
1002:
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989:
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956:
931:. Retrieved
929:. 2017-10-15
915:
904:. Retrieved
900:the original
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773:. Retrieved
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714:. Retrieved
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687:. Retrieved
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662:. Retrieved
655:the original
646:2013년 한국하천일람
517:
513:
510:
498:
490:
475:
464:Achievements
458:CBD of Seoul
455:
451:
444:
437:
409:
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398:King Yeongjo
389:
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300:public space
272:
271:
1185: /
927:Media Today
891: [
622:Seoul Plaza
601:Daylighting
418:Restoration
308:South Korea
279::
194:Korean name
172:Tributaries
59:South Korea
1200:Categories
1173:127°0′23″E
1170:37°34′12″N
933:2021-01-22
906:2011-12-03
716:2023-08-18
689:2023-08-18
412:Korean War
410:After the
370:Yellow Sea
320:Korean War
159:Basin size
1140:. Museeum
1038:1529-1529
977:1474-6743
366:Han River
348:Geography
312:Inwangsan
141:Seongdong
89:Inwangsan
65:Provinces
1068:85994473
815:Archived
795:Archived
590:See also
390:Gaecheon
342:tourists
327:concrete
316:sewerage
50:Location
1159:YouTube
523:Gallery
482:Goh Kun
394:Taejong
376:History
137:Yongdap
55:Country
1144:5 June
1087:
1066:
1036:
975:
888:Edaily
775:4 July
664:8 July
354:stream
296:stream
277:Korean
200:Hangul
175:
151:Length
105:Jongno
84:Source
1154:Video
1064:S2CID
895:]
658:(PDF)
651:(PDF)
628:Notes
216:Hanja
145:Seoul
120:Mouth
109:Seoul
69:Seoul
1146:2021
1085:ISBN
1034:ISSN
1005:(1).
992:(1).
973:ISSN
777:2018
666:2014
507:Cost
298:and
101:Ogin
1157:on
1056:doi
1024:doi
965:doi
302:in
282:청계천
207:청계천
1202::
1136:.
1120:.
1108:.
1079:.
1062:.
1052:22
1050:.
1032:.
1020:29
1018:.
1014:.
1001:.
990:37
988:.
971:.
961:32
959:.
955:.
893:ko
885:.
869:".
768:.
737:^
707:.
682:.
636:^
503:.
372:.
344:.
306:,
285:,
143:,
139:,
107:,
103:,
1148:.
1112:.
1093:.
1070:.
1058::
1040:.
1026::
1003:2
979:.
967::
936:.
909:.
802:.
779:.
719:.
692:.
668:.
275:(
230:川
227:溪
224:淸
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
