1521:
photographs, is known only through old borings. The temples, which have been found on a spur of the mountain to the East of the central esplanade, on the edge of the route from Ténès to the West of the modern town, are too much destroyed to warrant publication even of plans. The baths along the edge of the sea, rather majestic, are also badly preserved. One would scarcely recognize several houses recently excavated. Grouped around peristyles with vast trichinia, they are readily adapted to the terrain and are constructed on terraces on the lower slopes or on the edge of cliffs with views over the sea. They often are preserved for us only in a late form—4th c. A.D.—and traces of the era of Juba are found only in the lower strata. The theater is an exception; still well preserved in 1840, it has since served as a quarry. It was set against the slope of the mountain. At the back of the scaena towards the N was a portico, covered over today by a street, where Gsell saw the S side of the forum. Of the rich scaenae frons there remain only traces and several statues, of which two are colossal muses. The orchestra had later undergone great modification which had resulted in the disappearance of the platform of the stage: an oval arena had been built, intended for hunting spectacles, and a wall was raised between the first row of seats and the cavea to protect spectators from the wild beasts. The sumptuously decorated monument is consequently very much mutilated, but is of interest specifically because of its complex history. The amphitheater, in the E part of the town, was erected in flat open country. It was not oval but rectangular, with the short sides rounded. The tiers of seats, for the most part missing, were carried on ramping vaults, and the arena floor was cut by two perpendicular passages intended for beasts. It is in this arena that St. Marciana was martyred.
4278:
67:
219:
208:
1804:
1728:
1752:
202:
209:
693:
1792:
55:
1328:
86:
3047:
1300:(self-proclaimed descendants of the Crusaders) laid siege to the city and occasionally captured it for limited periods of time. For a century in the 1600s and for a brief period in the 1700s the city either was under Spanish or Hospitallar control. During this period a number of palaces were built, but the overwhelming edifice of Hayreddin Barbarossa's citadel, was considered too militarily valuable to destroy and uncover the previous ancient buildings of old Caesarea.
1716:
393:
1740:
1764:
2726:
405:
2854:
1823:
2770:
1172:
1071:
385:
1780:
377:
93:
1352:
officials and landowners encouraged larger numbers of surrounding Berber tribesmen to move into the surrounding region to work the farms and groves cheaply. In turn, more and more
Berbers and Arabs moved into the city seeking employment. By 1930 the combined Berbo-Arab Algerian population represented nearly 40% of the city's population.
1520:
The town (of
Caesarea) remains insufficiently known....The town walls, studied in 1946, pose more problems; and the monuments are more often simply marked than completely known. The amphitheater, which has been excavated, remains unpublished; the very large hippodrome, which appears clearly on aerial
1374:
The end of the war with its departure of Allied forces and a reduction of French naval personnel due to rebasing saw an actual decline in
Europeans living in the city. Additionally, the general austerity of the post-war years dried up the tourism industry and caused financial stagnation and losses to
1112:
in the late 7th century. Successive waves of
Umayyad attacks into Byzantine North African territory over 15 years wore down the smaller and less motivated imperial forces, until finally Umayyad troops laid siege to the city of Caesarea and, although the defenders were resupplied by Byzantine fleets,
1339:
or Paris, for further study. However, not all building projects were successful in uncovering and restoring the ancient town. The Roman amphitheatre was considered mostly unsalvageable and unnecessary to rebuild. Its dress stones were used to the build a new French fort and barracks. Materials from
1390:
Cherchell has continued to grow post-independence, recovering to peak colonial-era population by the 1980s. Cherchell currently has industries in marble, plaster quarries and iron mines. The town trades in oils, tobacco and earthenware. Additionally, the ancient cistern first developed by Juba and
1382:. With its large proportion of Europeans, French control and influence was strong enough to discourage all but the most daring attacks by anti-French insurgents. By 1966, after independence from the French, Cherchell had lost nearly half of its population and all of its Franco-Algerian population.
1311:
of the early 19th century, the French under both
British, American, and other European powers were encouraged to attack and destroy the Barbary Pirates. From 1836 to 1840 various allied navies, but mostly French hunted down the Barbary pirates and conquered the Barbary ports while threatening the
1105:), but it went into decline and its city center was given over to ramshackle housing for the poor. The first duke was named John; that he was given an infantry unit rather than cavalry implies that he was meant to hold the port without much concern about controlling its surrounding hinterland.
1351:
In the immediate years before World War II, losses to the French national population from World War I, and a declining birthrate in general among
Europeans kept further colonial settlement to a trickle. Arab and Berber populations started seeing an increase in growth. French-Algerian colonial
1347:
French occupation also brought new
European settlement, to join the city's long-established communities of semi-Arabized Christians of local origin and old European merchant families, in addition to Berbers and Arab Muslims. Under French rule, European and Christians became a majority of the
1120:
launched several revolts often in conjunction with reinforcements from the Empire. As a result, by the ninth century down much of the city's defences were damaged beyond repair, and resulting in its political loss of importance, leaving the former city little more than a small
1057:
in 439, they also acquired a large part of Rome's
Mediterranean fleet which they used to carry out raids all over the sea. Caesarea's port was sometimes used as a base for these raiders, and the city prospered from their plunder. Its schools produced the famous grammarian
889:. He probably began the Roman wall that ran for about 7 kilometers (4 mi) around a space of about 400 hectares (988 acres); about 150 of that total was used for the settlement in antiquity. The royal couple were buried in the
1113:
finally overwhelmed it. Much of the
Byzantine nobility and officials fled to other parts of the Empire, while most of the remaining Roman and semi-Roman Berber population accepted Islamic rule which granted them protected status.
1410:
in
Algiers. The former Roman port is no longer in commercial use and has been partly filled by alluvial deposits and has been affected by earthquakes. The former local mosque of the Hundred Columns contains 89 columns of
1288:
built a fort over the town. Under Turkish occupation, the city's importance as a port and fort led to it being inhabited by Moslems of many nationalities, some engaging in privateering and piracy on the Mediterranean.
1415:. This remarkable building now serves as a hospital. The local museum displays some of the finest ancient Greek and Roman antiquities found in Africa. Cherchell is the birthplace of writer and movie director
4174:
1355:
The changing demographics within the city were disguised by the large numbers of French military personnel based there and the numbers of European tourists visiting what had become known as the
6013:
5998:
3036:
1074:
El Rahman Mosque in Cherchell, built as a Christian church during the French colonial years, adapting a Roman pagan temple in the forum of Caesarea, later used for Christian worship
2402:
4167:
66:
5993:
1276:
Eventually, Ottoman Turks managed to successfully reconquer the city from Spanish occupation in the 16th century, using the city primarily as a fortified port. In 1520,
5525:
1136:
who were fully assimilated by the beginning of the Early Modern period. Similarly, by the 10th century the city's name had transformed in the local dialect from a
893:. The seaport capital and its kingdom flourished during this period, with most of the population being of Greek and Phoenician origin with a minority of Berbers.
5626:
970:. It prospered as a provincial capital during the 1st and 2nd centuries, reaching a population of over 20,000 and possibly as many as 30,000. It was defended by
4160:
5808:
5784:
3029:
5561:
5387:
2392:
1965:
5322:
5884:
4956:
1751:
1739:
4899:
2758:
2707:
5988:
5983:
1727:
5423:
6008:
5766:
5731:
4884:
3022:
1942:
6018:
5714:
5832:
2609:
2350:
1803:
5826:
5978:
5943:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1375:
the local Franco-Algerian community. In 1952, a census recorded that the Frenco-Algerian population had declined to 50% of the population.
966:
of veteran soldiers were established in the new provinces to maintain order. Caesarea itself was made a colony, with its residents gaining
5602:
1398:
ended with the war, Cherchell is still a popular tourist place in Algeria. Cherchell has various splendid temples and monuments from the
5678:
5549:
1923:
5672:
4277:
5637:
1526:
697:
408:
85:
54:
114:
5802:
2654:
2565:
2544:
2504:
2472:
2451:
2430:
1263:
5760:
1791:
1312:
Ottoman Empire with war if it intervened. In 1840, the French after a significant siege captured and occupied the town. The French
1244:
218:
1763:
1368:
1216:
5708:
6023:
5737:
5537:
5142:
4863:
3858:
1407:
233:
6003:
5796:
4949:
4916:
3046:
2633:
1836:
1197:
1109:
5814:
1359:. Additionally, during World War II, Cherchell, with its libraries, cafes, restaurants, and hotels served as a base for the
1223:
1863:
5878:
5866:
5820:
5790:
5778:
5702:
5690:
5684:
5655:
2751:
2514:
890:
870:
2716:
796:, who first established it as a royal court. It became an important city for the kingdom and was the primary capital for
5928:
5092:
2736:
1596:
1379:
1321:
226:
2282:
5938:
5748:
5477:
5417:
3014:
2698:
1230:
475:
5661:
1182:
2297:
1715:
5890:
5772:
5743:
5507:
5352:
5342:
5337:
1592:
1193:
867:
1779:
1201:
1186:
5596:
5483:
5393:
5275:
4942:
3050:
1212:
874:
625:
1607:
accosted Emeritus at Caesarea in the autumn of 418 and secured his exile. Apocorius was an orthodox bishop whom
6028:
5872:
5632:
5573:
5453:
5435:
5429:
5347:
5332:
4823:
4337:
3908:
2744:
1659:
1545:
1335:
In turn, many ancient statues and buildings were either restored and left in Cherchell, or taken to museums in
1155:
937:
5754:
2798:
1340:
the Hippodrome were used to build a new church. The steps of the Hippodrome were partly destroyed by Cardinal
1391:
Cleopatra Selene II was restored and expanded under recent French rule and still supplies water to the town.
5531:
5495:
5489:
5317:
5312:
5280:
4828:
4818:
1611:
953:
940:
to complete the conquest. By 44, most resistance had been ended and the former kingdom was divided into two
709:
5501:
5411:
5399:
5193:
4452:
4437:
4317:
4292:
4227:
4217:
3743:
2803:
1631:
in the 19th century. It was distinguished as "Caesarea in Mauretania" in 1933. Its bishops have included:
1584:
1557:
1364:
1037:
The city was sacked by a Berber revolt in 371 and 372. It largely recovered, but was ravaged again by the
1030:'s wastefulness and wars required unpopular financial adjustments that led to their overthrow in favor of
878:
631:
545:
24:
5620:
975:
5838:
5447:
4588:
4552:
4222:
3617:
3064:
2372:
1624:
897:
746:
692:
531:
461:
2575:
1929:
The West Coasts of Europe and Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Azovskoye More (Sea of Azov)
1697:
978:, which was established as a permanent force after Berber raids in the early 170s. The city featured a
2328:
1395:
1356:
5667:
5614:
5555:
5519:
5471:
5459:
5188:
5107:
5082:
5037:
4904:
4813:
4232:
3873:
3853:
3683:
3558:
3214:
3123:
1616:
1277:
945:
933:
815:
705:
448:
357:
168:
156:
17:
5923:
5027:
4868:
4833:
4593:
3673:
3408:
1541:
1297:
847:
726:
718:
481:
3632:
2269:
Virginie Prevost. "Prevost: Les dernières communautés chrétiennes autochtones d'Afrique du Nord" (
1406:
periods, and the works of art found there, including statues of Neptune and Venus, are now in the
1327:
1237:
1116:
Some remained Christians. For two generations what remained of the Roman population and Romanized
749:. Punic Iol was one of the more important trading posts in what is now Algeria. In the 3rd century
392:
5860:
5643:
4987:
4909:
4894:
4347:
4332:
3797:
3428:
2838:
2808:
2730:
1600:
1537:
1360:
1097:. Caesarea was among the areas to return to imperial rule. It was the seat of Mauretania's duke (
1042:
1002:
are now celebrated. It had its own school of philosophy, academy, and library. It received a new
863:
774:
457:
435:
173:
3927:
956:
extended along what is now the Algerian coast and included most of the hinterland as far as the
846:
BC, giving him the city as his capital, which Juba then renamed in his honor. Juba and his wife
912:
40. Rome proclaimed the annexation of Mauretania, which was resisted by Ptolemy's former slave
5854:
5649:
5608:
5567:
5513:
5465:
5405:
5327:
5270:
5132:
4843:
4598:
4367:
4327:
4044:
3347:
3255:
3219:
2983:
2833:
2650:
2629:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2561:
2540:
2500:
2468:
2447:
2426:
2346:
2257:
2168:
2149:
2126:
2110:
2059:
1989:
1897:
1684:
1583:
from about 314 to 484, although not all of its bishops are known. Fortunatus took part in the
1341:
1007:
971:
967:
570:
4152:
2230:
2090:
2005:
5543:
5441:
5198:
5152:
5122:
5087:
4965:
4723:
4618:
4357:
4312:
4015:
3964:
3888:
3499:
3139:
2948:
2828:
2823:
2619:
2217:
Leveau, Philippe. "Caesarea de Maurétanie, une ville romaine et ses campagnes" first chapter
1086:
758:
742:
608:
2309:
5239:
5234:
5042:
4889:
3367:
3332:
2938:
2843:
2813:
2774:
2702:
2226:
1553:
1304:
1145:
1011:
957:
859:
851:
557:
549:
542:
453:
439:
419:
161:
72:
3457:
2386:
924:. Caligula himself was murdered before Rome's response could be made, but his successor
497:
5213:
5183:
4858:
4785:
4769:
4728:
4708:
4457:
4447:
4237:
4110:
3792:
3728:
3678:
3642:
3588:
3398:
3260:
3198:
2928:
2818:
1937:
1828:
1098:
1079:
1050:
941:
785:
770:
575:
565:
521:
485:
2725:
5972:
5948:
5117:
4997:
4663:
4638:
4542:
4242:
4207:
4055:
3818:
3549:
3529:
3388:
3363:
2978:
2893:
2878:
2682:
2381:
1652:
1003:
963:
612:
513:
427:
404:
201:
5953:
5579:
5178:
4628:
4382:
4247:
4050:
4040:
3923:
3758:
3578:
3574:
3337:
3312:
3240:
3079:
2998:
2888:
2873:
1639:
1416:
1403:
1082:
999:
987:
983:
929:
905:
818:
806:. The town minted its own coins and received new defensive works in the 1st century
661:
397:
4432:
1285:
1034:.) Juba's theater was converted into an amphitheater sometime after the year 300.
737:
BC and the oldest remains so far discovered at Cherchell date from the 5th century
2665:
2644:
2623:
2596:
2555:
2518:
2494:
2462:
2441:
2420:
700:
has many mosaics (like this one about viticulture) showing the riches of Caesarea
5260:
5208:
5147:
5127:
4838:
4583:
4512:
4010:
3822:
3779:
3647:
3443:
3433:
3179:
3163:
3159:
3073:
2993:
2988:
2690:
1867:
1628:
1599:, Caesarea was represented by the Donatist Emeritus and the orthodox Deuterius.
1293:
1171:
1148:
1090:
1070:
1019:
995:
811:
714:
384:
5696:
5255:
5157:
5137:
5112:
5102:
4808:
4764:
4759:
4743:
4713:
4613:
4578:
4422:
4362:
4020:
3984:
3979:
3717:
3322:
3174:
2968:
1818:
1308:
1133:
1094:
1046:
1031:
979:
886:
839:
803:
781:
2367:
1957:
248:
235:
129:
116:
5265:
5218:
5203:
4848:
4668:
4608:
4532:
4522:
4497:
4472:
4467:
4407:
4322:
4267:
4257:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4035:
3933:
3912:
3763:
3723:
3668:
3448:
3276:
3134:
3069:
2898:
1580:
1027:
855:
798:
722:
376:
3918:
3877:
3373:
2695:
2853:
2396:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–83.
1690:
Titular Bishop Gerard Johannes Nicolaas de Korte (2001.04.11 – 2008.06.18)
5097:
4853:
4718:
4693:
4683:
4658:
4633:
4562:
4557:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4412:
4392:
4372:
4212:
4100:
3903:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3738:
3698:
3663:
3611:
3594:
3412:
3403:
3194:
3183:
3153:
3144:
3094:
2963:
2953:
2923:
2903:
2625:
Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters
1770:
1588:
1549:
1281:
1059:
1054:
1015:
991:
949:
925:
901:
829:
676:
604:
1516:
Earthquakes, wars and plunder have ravaged many of the ancient remains.
5032:
5012:
5002:
4790:
4738:
4703:
4678:
4673:
4623:
4547:
4537:
4482:
4462:
4442:
4427:
4417:
4402:
4397:
4387:
4377:
4297:
4104:
4095:
4080:
4070:
4030:
4005:
3959:
3897:
3893:
3753:
3733:
3707:
3693:
3687:
3539:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3468:
3463:
3418:
3382:
3378:
3317:
3249:
3204:
3149:
3113:
3109:
3088:
3084:
2943:
2933:
2883:
1608:
1569:
1412:
1336:
1313:
1122:
1117:
1038:
1023:
921:
917:
913:
834:
793:
789:
754:
599:
431:
423:
149:
1378:
For the remaining 1950s, Cherchell was only slightly caught up by the
5933:
5162:
4992:
4733:
4698:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4603:
4527:
4517:
4477:
4302:
4262:
4252:
4131:
4085:
4075:
4059:
4024:
3989:
3974:
3969:
3883:
3801:
3787:
3748:
3703:
3637:
3524:
3513:
3484:
3307:
3286:
3245:
3224:
3208:
3189:
3169:
3129:
3003:
2973:
2958:
2918:
2908:
2868:
2784:
1128:
For the following few centuries, the city remained a power center of
882:
766:
762:
503:
1648:
Titular Archbishop Pierre-Célestin Cézerac (1918.01.02 – 1918.03.18)
4934:
2231:"L'amphithéâtre et le théâtre-amphithéâtre de Cherchel" (in French)
1564:
was supposedly tortured and killed in Caesarea's arena, gored by a
1014:, possibly reaching as many as 100,000 inhabitants. Its native son
5022:
4688:
4352:
4342:
4307:
4089:
4065:
3954:
3949:
3862:
3832:
3828:
3621:
3544:
3489:
3453:
3438:
3423:
3392:
3341:
3327:
3291:
3119:
3098:
1693:
Titular Bishop Stanislaus Tobias Magombo (2009.04.29 – 2010.07.06)
1399:
1326:
1317:
1137:
1069:
403:
391:
383:
375:
2560:, Peoples of the Past, Berkeley: University of California Press,
2403:"Coinages with Punic and Neo-Punic Legends of Western Mauretania"
1576:
Theodota and her sons were also supposedly martyred in the city.
1049:
in 429. Parts of the town received new fortifications. After the
607:, who had legally borne the name "Gaius Julius Caesar" after his
5077:
5017:
4487:
4202:
3713:
3627:
3553:
3534:
3494:
3281:
1565:
1129:
5912:
5369:
5301:
5059:
4976:
4938:
4156:
3018:
2740:
2385:
1671:
Titular Bishop André-Jacques Fougerat (1956.07.16 – 1957.01.05)
1645:
Titular Bishop Thomas Francis Brennan (1905.10.07 – 1916.03.20)
784:, Carthage's holdings in northwest Africa were mostly given to
3584:
2496:
Procopius of Caesarea: Literary and Historical Interpretations
1745:
Photography of ancient Roman inscriptions from Cherchell, 1856
1677:
Titular Bishop Archbishop Enea Selis (1964.01.18 – 1971.09.02)
1165:
2270:
647:
579:
525:
2485:
Lillington-Martin, Christopher (2018), "Procopius, Πάρεδος/
1674:
Titular Bishop Carmelo Canzonieri (1957.03.11 – 1963.07.30)
873:. The roads were relaid on a grid and amenities included a
2407:
Money, Trade, and Trade Routes in Pre-Islamic North Africa
1703:
Titular Archbishop Marek Solczyński (2011.11.26 – present)
1668:
Titular Bishop Francesco Pennisi (1950.07.11 – 1955.10.01)
1651:
Titular Archbishop Cardinal Wilhelmus Marinus van Rossum,
2493:, 1.27, and Belisarius's Strategy in the Mediterranean",
1595:'s letters and would have served in the 370s. During the
2330:
Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques
2070:
2068:
1665:
Titular Bishop Luigi Cammarata (1946.12.04 – 1950.02.25)
1680:
Titular Bishop Giuseppe Moizo (1972.01.22 – 1976.07.01)
1132:
and Berbers with a small but significant population of
23:
For the British village formerly called Cherchell, see
1635:
Titular Bishop Biagio Pisani (1897.04.23 – 1901.06.07)
2714:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
1943:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
745:
had already taken control of the Phoenicians in the
5847:
5724:
5589:
5380:
5248:
5227:
5171:
5070:
4877:
4799:
4778:
4752:
4571:
4285:
4195:
4119:
3998:
3942:
3811:
3772:
3656:
3603:
3567:
3477:
3356:
3300:
3269:
3233:
3057:
2861:
2791:
2683:
GigaCatholic with titular incumbent biography links
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
225:
184:
179:
167:
155:
145:
35:
6014:Populated places established in the 4th century BC
2622:(2000), Berggren, J. Lennart; et al. (eds.),
2122:
1140:to a Berber and ultimately into the Arabised form
777:, and images of local produce, particularly fish.
5999:Roman towns and cities in Mauretania Caesariensis
2440:Grimal, Pierre (1983), Woloch, G. Michael (ed.),
2284:The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1-5
2253:
388:Cherchell bay with Mont Chenoua in the background
2604:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 262,
1757:Photography of Roman remains from Caesarea, 1856
1108:The town remained under Byzantine control until
862:) rebuilt the city on a lavish scale, combining
810:BC. Its Punic culture continued, but worship of
495:
1518:
1006:and further patronage from the African emperor
733:BC, but Iol was probably established around 600
512:, meaning "Island of Sand". The Punic name was
4950:
4168:
3030:
2752:
1292:In reply, European navies and especially the
8:
2667:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography...
2425:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
2422:Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa
2160:
2158:
1540:arrived in Caesarea early enough to produce
1344:in a search for the tomb of Saint Marciana.
2670:, vol. I & II, London: John Murray
2413:176, London: British Museum, pp. 42–48
1966:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1858:
1856:
1280:captured the town and annexed the Algerian
1200:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
814:was notionally substituted with worship of
5909:
5377:
5366:
5298:
5067:
5056:
4973:
4957:
4943:
4935:
4183:Romano-Berber cities in Roman North Africa
4175:
4161:
4153:
3037:
3023:
3015:
2759:
2745:
2737:
2446:, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,
2409:, British Museum Research Publication, No.
2205:
2051:
2049:
2047:
1902:Office Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
1158:raided Berreshk, near Cherchell, in 1144.
430:coast, 89 kilometers (55 mi) west of
352:25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi)
316:Office Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
300:cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern
217:
200:
32:
16:"Iol" redirects here. For other uses, see
4900:Christianity in the Roman Africa province
2646:The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene
2628:, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2499:, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 157–185,
1527:Archeological Museum of Chercell-Caesarea
1264:Learn how and when to remove this message
5994:Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Africa
5526:Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands
2055:
2017:
1426:
1316:the Barbary Pirates including the local
691:
4885:North Africa during classical antiquity
4190:Sorted by contemporary national borders
2721:
2580:The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee...
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
1852:
1711:
1371:between the US and UK in October 1942.
1062:, who emigrated to the Byzantine east.
753:BC, it was fortified and began issuing
178:
144:
109:
78:
63:
51:
5323:Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship
2193:
2164:
2145:
2086:
2074:
1985:
1785:Portrait of Juba II, found in Caesarea
1614:and then exiled. An early 8th-century
1525:Some remains can be seen in the local
952:) and another governed from Caesarea.
824:Iol was annexed directly to Rome in 33
717:established their first major wave of
624:. It was later distinguished from the
4927:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
2333:, vol. XII, Paris 1953, coll. 203–206
2249:
2247:
2102:
2034:
1348:population again until World War II.
660:. After its notional refounding as a
626:many other Roman towns named Caesarea
183:
166:
154:
7:
5944:Monte della Redenzione degli Schiavi
5388:Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands
2687:Various ancient ruins of Cherchell:
2001:
1733:Section of Caesarea's Roman aqueduct
1198:adding citations to reliable sources
1026:emperors, reigning in 217 and 218. (
5885:Austrian expedition against Morocco
2539:XVIII, Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters,
561:
480:The town was originally known by a
456:and the capital of the kingdoms of
1591:. Clemens was mentioned in one of
1572:for the amusement of the crowd. St
1322:Crimes against the laws of nations
788:'s local allies. Iol was given to
409:Archaeological Museum of Cherchell
14:
2598:The Oxford Classical Dictionary,
2345:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
92:
5550:Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir
4276:
3045:
2852:
2768:
2724:
1958:"Lighthouses of Western Algeria"
1866:. populstat.info. Archived from
1821:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1331:Coat of arms of French Cherchell
1170:
994:. It was surrounded by suburban
207:
91:
84:
65:
53:
5989:Catholic titular sees in Africa
5984:Archaeological sites in Algeria
5715:Battle of the Oinousses Islands
4917:Roman colonies in Berber Africa
4864:Praetorian prefecture of Africa
3679:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
2708:A Roman aqueduct near Cherchell
2578:(1905), Stokes, Whitley (ed.),
2525:Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta
1904:. Ministere des Travaux Publics
564:), derived from the town's old
488:name that included the element
6009:Phoenician colonies in Algeria
5797:Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
3051:Phoenician cities and colonies
2314:, Paris 1912, pp. 447–450
1837:List of lighthouses in Algeria
588:), which was given to it in 25
308:unpainted tower, black lantern
1:
6019:4th-century BC establishments
5656:Raid on Ceriale and Borghetto
5353:US Treaty with Morocco (1836)
5343:US Treaty with Algiers (1815)
5338:US Treaty with Tripoli (1805)
5328:US Treaty with Tripoli (1796)
1041:after they were invited into
990:, and civic buildings like a
974:and was the harbor of Rome's
891:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
71:Location of Cherchell in the
5929:Slavery on the Barbary Coast
4433:Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis)
2401:Callegarin, Laurent (2011),
1623:Caesarea was revived by the
1380:Algerian War of Independence
1022:became the first Berber and
328:40.10 metres (131.6 ft)
5979:Communes of Tipaza Province
5638:Dutch expedition to Algiers
5562:Rebellion of the Alpujarras
5478:Ottoman wintering in Toulon
5424:Capture of Peñón of Algiers
5348:US Treaty with Tunis (1824)
5333:US Treaty with Tunis (1797)
1612:summoned to Carthage in 484
642:("Mauretania's Caesarea"),
541:Cherchel and Cherchell are
476:Maghreb placename etymology
292:28.60 metres (93.8 ft)
6045:
5744:Action of 28 November 1751
4031:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
1797:Mosaic of vineyard workers
703:
675:after its imperial patron
648:
580:
526:
496:
473:
59:Cherchell's fountain place
22:
15:
5919:
5908:
5597:Expulsion of the Moriscos
5376:
5365:
5308:
5297:
5093:Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
5066:
5055:
4983:
4972:
4925:
4274:
4243:Oppidum Novum (Tingitana)
4188:
3784:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
3348:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
2850:
2781:
2643:Roller, Duane W. (2003),
2554:Markoe, Glenn E. (2000),
2287:. Plantagenet Publishing.
2123:Berggren & al. (2000)
1700:(2010.11.04 – 2010.11.20)
1687:(1976.09.27 – 2001.02.21)
1662:(1919.12.15 – 1946.02.18)
1655:(1918.04.25 – 1918.05.20)
1642:(1902.06.09 – 1903.06.22)
1620:still included this see.
370:
366:
320:
216:
197:Fort Joinville Lighthouse
196:
192:
110:
79:
64:
52:
45:
5833:2nd Swedish-Algerian War
5827:1st Swedish-Algerian War
5738:Spanish conquest of Oran
5633:Action of 3 October 1624
5538:Expedition to Mostaganem
3530:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
2343:Annuario Pontificio 2013
2325:v. Césarée de Maurétanie
2254:Lillington-Martin (2018)
1962:The Lighthouse Directory
1660:Benedetto Aloisi Masella
1546:Diocletianic Persecution
1156:Norman Kingdom of Africa
946:one governed from Tingis
877:, an art gallery, and a
664:, it was formally named
603:to honor his benefactor
39:
5809:Portuguese Algerian War
5785:Bombardments of Tunisia
5679:French-Tripolitania War
5532:Battle of Wadi al-Laban
5318:Anglo-Moroccan alliance
5313:Franco-Ottoman alliance
5281:Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
4819:Mauretania Caesariensis
2649:, New York: Routledge,
2589:Potter, Timothy William
2419:Dossey, Leslie (2010),
2393:Encyclopædia Britannica
954:Mauretania Caesariensis
710:Mauretania Caesariensis
30:Town in Tipaza, Algeria
6024:Lighthouses in Algeria
5879:Bombardment of Tripoli
5867:Bombardment of Algiers
5821:Bombardment of Tangier
5791:Bombardment of Algiers
5779:Bombardment of Algiers
5703:Bombardment of Algiers
5691:Bombardment of Algiers
5685:Bombardment of Algiers
4228:Iulia Campestris Babba
4218:Iulia Constantia Zilil
2664:Smith, Philip (1872),
2368:"Caesarea Mauretaniae"
1523:
1332:
1213:"History of Cherchell"
1102:
1075:
721:on the coasts between
701:
632:Caesarea in Mauretania
506:". This may have been
422:: شرشال) is a town on
412:
401:
389:
381:
25:Churchill, Oxfordshire
6004:Ancient Berber cities
5839:Action of 16 May 1797
5803:American-Algerian War
4223:Iulia Valentia Banasa
3374:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
2582:, Harrison & Sons
2467:, Munich: C.H. Beck,
2461:Huss, Werner (1990),
2373:Catholic Encyclopedia
1625:Roman Catholic Church
1597:411 synod at Carthage
1548:. For vandalizing an
1423:Historical population
1408:Museum of Antiquities
1330:
1303:After the end of the
1073:
938:G. Suetonius Paulinus
747:western Mediterranean
695:
474:Further information:
407:
395:
387:
380:The port of Cherchell
379:
5749:Battle of Cape Palos
5668:Action of March 1665
5615:Battle of Cape Corvo
5556:Great Siege of Malta
5460:Siege of Castelnuovo
5418:Battle of Formentera
5189:Anglo-Turkish piracy
5108:Murat Reis the Elder
5083:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4905:Early African Church
4814:Mauretania Tingitana
4333:Castellum Tingitanum
4051:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
3889:Carthage (Cartagena)
3277:Callista (Santorini)
3215:Tipasa in Mauretania
3175:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
2520:Itineraria Phoenicia
2366:S. Pétridès (1908).
2311:L'Afrique chrétienne
1809:Mosaic of the tigers
1617:Notitia Episcopatuum
1585:314 Council of Arles
1284:. His elder brother
1278:Hayreddin Barbarossa
1194:improve this section
900:was assassinated by
816:his Roman equivalent
706:Caesarea Mauretaniae
639:Caesarea Mauretaniae
452:, it was formerly a
434:. It is the seat of
249:36.61139°N 2.18806°E
130:36.60750°N 2.19000°E
18:IOL (disambiguation)
5924:Barbary slave trade
5891:Invasion of Algiers
5773:Invasion of Algiers
5755:Danish–Algerian War
5603:Franco-Algerian War
5508:Invasion of Corsica
4869:Exarchate of Africa
3788:Olissipona (Lisbon)
1696:Titular Archbishop
1683:Titular Archbishop
1658:Titular Archbishop
1386:Independent Algeria
1298:Knights Hospitaller
1110:its Muslim conquest
998:whose agricultural
727:Strait of Gibraltar
698:Museum of Cherchell
609:posthumous adoption
245: /
126: /
5861:Second Barbary War
5767:Dutch–Moroccan War
5732:Dutch–Algerian War
5673:Anglo-Algerian War
5644:Turkish Abductions
5627:Anglo-Algerian War
5574:Conquest of Tunis
5484:Capture of Mahdiye
5394:Capture of Algiers
5038:Regency of Tripoli
4988:Regency of Algiers
4910:Church of Carthage
4895:Limes Tripolitanus
4834:Creta et Cyrenaica
4348:Civitas Popthensis
3960:Balanaea (Baniyas)
3190:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
2701:2016-03-03 at the
2696:An ancient theater
2323:Charles Courtois,
1698:Walter Brandmüller
1587:, which condemned
1361:United States Army
1333:
1076:
1043:Roman North Africa
881:modeled after the
741:BC. By that time,
729:in the 8th century
702:
442:. Under the names
436:Cherchell District
413:
402:
390:
382:
185: • Total
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5873:Battle of Tripoli
5855:First Barbary War
5650:Sack of Baltimore
5621:Dutch–Barbary War
5568:Battle of Lepanto
5514:Capture of Bougie
5466:Battle of Alboran
5454:Battle of Preveza
5436:Conquest of Tunis
5430:Conquest of Tunis
5406:Battle of Pianosa
5361:
5360:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5271:Mohamed Kharnadji
5133:Muhammad Kurdogli
5051:
5050:
4932:
4931:
4844:Diocese of Africa
4368:Diana Veteranorum
4328:Castellum Dimmidi
4150:
4149:
3780:Portus Hannibalis
3669:Arambys (Mogador)
3554:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
3535:Porphyreon (Jieh)
3404:Kapara (Soluntum)
3220:Tipasa in Numidia
3170:Rusicade (Skikda)
3012:
3011:
2611:978-0-19-954556-8
2491:Codex Justinianus
2351:978-88-209-9070-1
2206:Callegarin (2011)
1685:Sergio Sebastiani
1509:
1508:
1369:summit conference
1365:Allied War effort
1342:Charles Lavigerie
1274:
1273:
1266:
1248:
1028:Their predecessor
1008:Septimius Severus
976:Mauretanian Fleet
968:Roman citizenship
934:Gn. Hosidius Geta
904:during a trip to
850:(the daughter of
775:Carthaginian gods
672:Caesariensium Iol
374:
373:
254:36.61139; 2.18806
135:36.60750; 2.19000
6036:
5910:
5761:Siege of Melilla
5544:Battle of Djerba
5496:Siege of Tripoli
5490:Invasion of Gozo
5378:
5367:
5299:
5199:Ahmed el Inglizi
5153:Hassan Veneziano
5123:Muhammad I Pasha
5088:Sayyida al Hurra
5068:
5057:
5043:Regency of Tunis
5028:Republic of Salé
4974:
4966:Barbary Corsairs
4959:
4952:
4945:
4936:
4878:Related articles
4724:Turris Tamalleni
4619:Hippo Diarrhytus
4358:Cohors Breucorum
4280:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
3919:Tagilit (Tíjola)
3694:Shalat (Chellah)
3664:Azama (Azemmour)
3049:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2856:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2671:
2659:
2638:
2614:
2583:
2570:
2549:
2538:
2533:Studia Phoenicia
2530:
2515:Lipiński, Edward
2509:
2481:
2477:
2456:
2435:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2389:
2387:"Cherchel"
2377:
2354:
2340:
2334:
2321:
2315:
2308:Joseph Mesnage,
2306:
2300:
2295:
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2279:
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2063:
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2040:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1934:
1925:List of Lights,
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1864:"populstat.info"
1860:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1604:
1575:
1568:and mauled by a
1561:
1427:
1396:Algerian Riviera
1357:Algerian Riviera
1269:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1206:
1174:
1166:
920:leaders such as
911:
845:
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740:
736:
732:
674:
669:
659:
651:
650:
645:
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88:
69:
57:
33:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6029:Tipaza Province
5969:
5968:
5967:
5958:
5915:
5896:
5843:
5720:
5709:Sieges of Ceuta
5585:
5502:Battle of Ponza
5412:Siege of Rhodes
5400:Fall of Tlemcen
5372:
5357:
5304:
5285:
5244:
5240:Yusuf Karamanli
5235:Ahmed Karamanli
5223:
5167:
5062:
5047:
4979:
4968:
4963:
4933:
4928:
4921:
4890:African Romance
4873:
4801:
4795:
4774:
4748:
4567:
4281:
4272:
4191:
4184:
4181:
4151:
4146:
4115:
4006:Aspis (Kelibia)
3994:
3938:
3807:
3793:Ossonoba (Faro)
3768:
3652:
3599:
3563:
3500:Athar (Tripoli)
3473:
3352:
3296:
3265:
3229:
3105:Iol (Cherchell)
3053:
3043:
3013:
3008:
2939:Hadjeret Ennous
2857:
2848:
2787:
2777:
2775:Tipaza Province
2769:
2767:
2765:
2735:
2723:
2715:
2703:Wayback Machine
2679:
2663:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2618:
2612:
2587:
2574:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2536:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2410:
2400:
2380:
2365:
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2357:
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2322:
2318:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2281:
2280:
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2268:
2264:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2225:
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2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2175:
2163:
2156:
2144:
2133:
2121:
2117:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2066:
2056:Lipiński (2004)
2054:
2045:
2041:II, s.v. "Iol".
2038:
2033:
2024:
2018:Lipiński (2004)
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1956:Rowlett, Russ.
1955:
1954:
1950:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
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1755:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1710:
1638:Titular Bishop
1602:
1579:Caesarea was a
1573:
1559:
1535:
1514:
1425:
1402:, Numidian and
1388:
1305:Napoleonic Wars
1270:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1207:
1205:
1191:
1175:
1164:
1068:
972:auxiliary units
958:Atlas Mountains
942:Roman provinces
909:
871:Egyptian styles
843:
833:
825:
807:
797:
750:
738:
734:
730:
712:
704:Main articles:
690:
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667:Colonia Claudia
665:
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629:
620:
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598:
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592:
589:
508:
507:
490:
489:
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472:
440:Tipaza Province
362:Fl (2+1) W 15s.
253:
251:
247:
244:
239:
236:
234:
232:
231:
205:
199:Cherchell
198:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
96:
75:
73:Tipaza Province
60:
48:
41:
38:
31:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
6042:
6040:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5971:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5741:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5609:Raid on Żejtun
5606:
5600:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5448:Siege of Corfu
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4859:Vandal Kingdom
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4709:Thuburbo Majus
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4458:Quiza Xenitana
4455:
4450:
4448:Portus Divinus
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4078:
4076:Sicca (El Kef)
4073:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3906:
3901:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:Ras il-Wardija
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Gebal (Byblos)
3522:
3520:Botrys (Teros)
3517:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3401:
3399:Heraclea Minoa
3396:
3386:
3376:
3371:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Kissi (Djinet)
3127:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2677:External links
2675:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2616:
2610:
2593:"Caesarea (3)"
2585:
2572:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2511:
2505:
2482:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2416:
2398:
2384:, ed. (1911).
2382:Chisholm, Hugh
2378:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2316:
2301:
2298:Princeton: Iol
2290:
2274:
2262:
2243:
2234:
2227:Leveau Philipe
2219:
2210:
2198:
2173:
2154:
2131:
2115:
2095:
2079:
2077:, p. 446.
2064:
2043:
2022:
2020:, p. 405.
2010:
1994:
1978:
1948:
1938:List of Lights
1915:
1880:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:Algeria portal
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1769:Mosaic of the
1768:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1636:
1534:
1531:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1387:
1384:
1272:
1271:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1151:, Cherchell).
1080:Vandal Kingdom
1067:
1064:
1051:Vandal Kingdom
1047:Count Boniface
964:Roman colonies
792:, the king of
723:their homeland
689:
686:
684:
681:
628:by calling it
546:transcriptions
471:
468:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
358:Characteristic
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
334:
330:
329:
326:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
108:
107:
98:
97:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
70:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
36:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6041:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5949:Redemptorists
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5911:
5907:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5815:Siege of Oran
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5520:Siege of Oran
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:Siege of Nice
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5442:Sack of Mahón
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5368:
5364:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5300:
5296:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:Sulayman Reis
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Barbary coast
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:and provinces
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Pheradi Majus
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Unica Colonia
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Portus Magnus
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
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4293:Aquae Calidae
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3849:Gadir (Cadiz)
3847:
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3469:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
3467:
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2882:
2880:
2879:Ain Tagourait
2877:
2875:
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2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2656:9781134402960
2652:
2648:
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2637:
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2627:
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2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
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2594:
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2577:
2573:
2569:
2567:9780520226142
2563:
2559:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2546:9789042913448
2542:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2506:9781317075493
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2474:9783406379123
2470:
2466:
2465:
2464:Die Karthager
2459:
2455:
2453:9780299089344
2449:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2432:9780520254398
2428:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2399:
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2394:
2388:
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2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2208:, p. 46.
2207:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:Potter (2002)
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:Roller (2003)
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:Grimal (1983)
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:Dossey (2010)
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:Stokes (1905)
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:Markoe (2000)
1982:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1870:on 2016-03-03
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1819:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1773:from Caesarea
1772:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1721:Roman theater
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
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1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:Although the
1392:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1254:February 2021
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215: –
1214:
1210:
1209:Find sources:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:This section
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:forces under
1088:
1084:
1083:was conquered
1081:
1072:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
959:
955:
951:
948:(present-day
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
841:
836:
831:
822:
820:
817:
813:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
748:
744:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
707:
699:
694:
687:
682:
680:
678:
673:
668:
663:
655:
654:Iṑl Kaisáreia
649:Ἰὼλ Καισάρεια
640:
634:
633:
627:
614:
613:Julius Caesar
610:
606:
601:
587:
577:
573:
572:
567:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
539:
537:
533:
523:
519:
515:
505:
499:
487:
483:
477:
469:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Mediterranean
425:
421:
417:
410:
406:
399:
394:
386:
378:
369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
230:
228:
224:
220:
215:
210:
203:
195:
191:
187:
175:
172:
170:
163:
160:
158:
151:
148:
139:
111:Coordinates:
87:
74:
68:
56:
44:
34:
26:
19:
5954:Trinitarians
5848:19th century
5725:18th century
5590:17th century
5580:Sack of Sori
5381:16th century
5249:19th century
5228:18th century
5179:Jan Janszoon
5172:17th century
5071:16th century
5007:
4829:Roman Africa
4629:Leptis Parva
4383:Hippo Regius
3759:Thymiaterium
3633:Għajn Qajjet
3458:Sant'Antioco
3104:
3080:Hippo Regius
2999:Sidi Semiane
2913:
2889:Beni Milleuk
2874:Ahmar El Ain
2799:Ahmer El Aïn
2691:A Roman ruin
2666:
2645:
2624:
2601:
2600:3rd ed.
2597:
2579:
2556:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2463:
2443:Roman Cities
2442:
2421:
2406:
2391:
2371:
2360:Bibliography
2342:
2338:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2293:
2283:
2277:
2265:
2237:
2222:
2213:
2201:
2118:
2103:Smith (1872)
2098:
2082:
2035:Smith (1872)
2013:
1997:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1961:
1951:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1901:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1771:Three Graces
1640:Pietro Maffi
1622:
1615:
1578:
1538:Christianity
1536:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1417:Assia Djebar
1393:
1389:
1377:
1373:
1367:, hosting a
1354:
1350:
1346:
1334:
1302:
1291:
1275:
1260:
1251:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1208:
1192:Please help
1180:
1153:
1141:
1127:
1115:
1107:
1078:In 533, the
1077:
1036:
1018:and his son
984:amphitheater
962:
895:
832:established
823:
779:
713:
671:
666:
662:Roman colony
658:Caesarea Iol
653:
644:Iol Caesarea
638:
630:
586:hē Kaisáreia
585:
569:
553:
540:
535:
517:
502:), meaning "
479:
466:
454:Roman colony
447:
443:
415:
414:
398:neighborhood
396:Road to the
333:Light source
325:Focal height
281:Construction
5835:(1796-1802)
5817:(1790–1792)
5811:(1790–1813)
5711:(1694–1727)
5629:(1620–1621)
5480:(1543-1544)
5261:Hussein Dey
5209:Ali Bitchin
5184:Salé Rovers
5148:Arnaut Mami
5143:Hasan Pasha
5128:Hasan Corso
4978:Territories
4839:Roman Egypt
4584:Bulla Regia
4513:Thubursicum
4338:Castra Nova
4011:Bulla Regia
3559:Umm al-Amad
3444:Pantelleria
3313:Akka (Acre)
3199:Aïn Oulmene
3180:Rusubbicari
3164:Tamentfoust
3124:Constantine
2994:Sidi Rached
2989:Sidi Ghiles
2731:Engineering
2557:Phoenicians
2480:(in German)
2150:"Cherchell"
2002:Huss (1990)
1898:"Cherchell"
1629:titular see
1544:during the
1433:Population
1309:Revolutions
1294:French Navy
1149:orthography
1093:'s general
1066:Middle Ages
1024:lower-class
1020:Diadumenian
1012:his dynasty
986:, numerous
852:Mark Antony
838:as king of
812:Baal Hammon
715:Phoenicians
581:ἡ Καισάρεια
400:of Tizirine
284:stone tower
265:Constructed
252: /
227:Coordinates
133: /
5973:Categories
5697:Morean War
5662:Cretan War
5256:Ali Khodja
5219:Yusuf Reis
5214:Simon Reis
5158:Sinan Reis
5138:Hasan Agha
5118:Aydın Reis
5113:Kemal Reis
5103:Salah Rais
5061:Commanders
4809:Mauretania
4744:Zama Regia
4714:Thuburnica
4614:Hadrumetum
4579:Althiburos
4423:Mesarfelta
4021:Hadrumetum
3839:Akra Leuka
3718:Casablanca
3550:Sur (Tyre)
2969:Messelmoun
2894:Bou Ismaïl
2804:Bou Ismaïl
2635:0691010420
2256:, p.
2167:, p.
2125:, p.
2111:"Cartenna"
2089:, p.
2058:, p.
2004:, p.
1988:, p.
1874:2014-08-27
1843:References
1224:newspapers
1134:Christians
1095:Belisarius
1053:conquered
1032:Elagabalus
980:hippodrome
896:Their son
887:Alexandria
879:lighthouse
868:Hellenized
840:Mauretania
782:Punic Wars
780:After the
771:Punic text
769:, bearing
514:hellenized
482:Phoenician
462:Mauretania
336:main power
276:stone base
273:Foundation
237:36°36′41″N
180:Population
121:02°11′24″E
118:36°36′27″N
5939:Lazarists
5887:(1829–30)
5857:(1801–05)
5829:(1791–92)
5805:(1785–95)
5787:(1784–92)
5769:(1775–77)
5763:(1774–75)
5757:(1769–72)
5734:(1715–26)
5699:(1684–99)
5681:(1681–85)
5675:(1677–82)
5664:(1645–69)
5623:(1618–22)
5605:(1609–28)
5564:(1568–71)
5371:Conflicts
5303:Diplomacy
5266:Omar Agha
5204:Omar Agha
5008:Cherchell
4849:Zeugitana
4669:Simitthus
4533:Tubusuctu
4523:Tingartia
4498:Thamugadi
4473:Rusucurru
4468:Rusguniae
4438:Parthenia
4408:Lambaesis
4323:Cartennas
4268:Volubilis
4258:Thamusida
4142:Tahpanhes
4137:Gibraltar
4132:Phoenicus
4127:Myriandus
4036:Kerkouane
3913:Almunecar
3724:Volubilis
3595:Tsabratan
3449:Selinunte
3419:Lilybaeum
3186:El Bahri)
3160:Rusguniae
3135:Macomades
3070:Cartennae
2984:Sidi Amar
2914:Cherchell
2899:Bouharoun
2839:Sidi Amar
2809:Cherchell
2792:Districts
2783:Capital:
2353:), p. 867
1927:Pub. 113:
1848:Citations
1605:Augustine
1593:Symmachus
1581:bishopric
1286:Oruç Reis
1181:does not
1162:Modernity
1091:Justinian
1087:Byzantine
856:Cleopatra
848:Cleopatra
799:Bocchus I
757:'s first
688:Antiquity
532:latinized
416:Cherchell
341:Intensity
240:2°11′17″E
174:Cherchell
99:Cherchell
37:Cherchell
5276:Haji Ali
5098:Occhiali
4854:Byzacena
4800:Kingdoms
4719:Thysdrus
4694:Thabraca
4684:Taparura
4674:Sufetula
4659:Scillium
4634:Mactaris
4594:Carthago
4563:Zuccabar
4508:Thibilis
4503:Theveste
4493:Thagaste
4413:Madauros
4393:Igilgili
4373:Gemellae
4318:Caesarea
4213:Exilissa
4101:Thysdrus
4045:Monastir
4016:Carthage
3924:Toscanos
3904:Saguntum
3894:Rushadir
3843:Alicante
3773:Portugal
3739:Oualidia
3699:Tamusida
3648:Tas-Silġ
3612:Cospicua
3610:Maleth (
3429:Neapolis
3413:Cagliari
3379:Drepanum
3338:Shikmona
3256:Lapathus
3184:Zemmouri
3154:Azeffoun
3145:Rachgoun
3095:Igilgili
3065:Camarata
2964:Menaceur
2949:Khemisti
2924:Douaouda
2904:Bourkika
2862:Communes
2699:Archived
2591:(2002),
2517:(2004),
2487:Quaestor
2109:I, s.v.
1815:See also
1589:Donatism
1562:Marciana
1533:Religion
1296:and the
1282:Pashalic
1142:Sharshal
1060:Priscian
1055:Carthage
1016:Macrinus
992:basilica
950:Tangiers
926:Claudius
902:Caligula
830:Augustus
743:Carthage
725:and the
719:colonies
677:Claudius
605:Augustus
571:Caesarea
554:Shershel
449:Caesarea
313:Operator
305:Markings
169:District
157:Province
5914:Slavery
5033:Tetouan
5013:Mahdiya
5003:Bizerte
4824:Numidia
4791:Rusadir
4770:Farafra
4704:Thapsus
4679:Tacapae
4624:Kelibia
4609:Gightis
4599:Cillium
4572:Tunisia
4553:Vescera
4548:Uzinaza
4538:Tubunae
4483:Setifis
4463:Rapidum
4443:Pomaria
4428:Milevum
4418:Mascula
4403:Lamasba
4398:Iomnium
4388:Icosium
4378:Gunugus
4298:Albulae
4286:Algeria
4238:Mogador
4196:Morocco
4105:El Djem
4096:Thapsus
4086:Tayinat
4081:Tabarka
4071:Ruspina
3999:Tunisia
3934:Tyreche
3898:Melilla
3859:Iboshim
3764:Rusibis
3734:Rusadir
3729:Mogador
3708:Tangier
3688:Larache
3657:Morocco
3589:Tripoli
3540:Sarepta
3505:Baalbek
3478:Lebanon
3464:Tharros
3383:Trapani
3250:Larnaca
3205:Thagora
3150:Rusazus
3114:Tigzirt
3110:Iomnium
3089:Algiers
3085:Icosium
3058:Algeria
2944:Hadjout
2934:Gouraya
2884:Attatba
2829:Hadjout
2824:Gouraya
2620:Ptolemy
2148:, s.v.
1945:. 2015.
1708:Gallery
1609:Huneric
1570:leopard
1542:martyrs
1512:Remains
1505:30,000
1497:24,400
1489:18,700
1481:11,700
1473:16,900
1465:12,700
1457:12,700
1449:11,900
1413:diorite
1337:Algiers
1314:lynched
1238:scholar
1202:removed
1187:sources
1123:village
1118:Berbers
1039:Vandals
1000:mosaics
988:temples
930:legions
922:Sabalus
916:and by
914:Aedemon
898:Ptolemy
875:theater
835:Juba II
794:Numidia
790:Micipsa
755:Numidia
683:History
600:Juba II
548:of the
458:Numidia
432:Algiers
424:Algeria
344:1,000 W
150:Algeria
146:Country
5934:Bagnio
5893:(1830)
5881:(1828)
5875:(1825)
5869:(1816)
5863:(1815)
5823:(1791)
5799:(1784)
5793:(1784)
5781:(1783)
5775:(1775)
5751:(1758)
5740:(1732)
5717:(1695)
5705:(1688)
5693:(1683)
5687:(1682)
5658:(1637)
5652:(1631)
5646:(1627)
5640:(1624)
5617:(1615)
5611:(1614)
5599:(1609)
5582:(1584)
5576:(1574)
5570:(1571)
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5552:(1563)
5546:(1560)
5540:(1558)
5534:(1558)
5528:(1558)
5522:(1556)
5516:(1555)
5510:(1553)
5504:(1552)
5498:(1551)
5492:(1551)
5486:(1550)
5474:(1543)
5468:(1540)
5462:(1539)
5456:(1538)
5450:(1537)
5444:(1535)
5438:(1535)
5432:(1534)
5426:(1529)
5420:(1529)
5414:(1522)
5408:(1519)
5402:(1518)
5396:(1516)
5390:(1501)
5163:Dragut
4993:Annaba
4786:Septem
4734:Uthina
4699:Thanae
4654:Ruspae
4649:Rucuma
4644:Pupput
4604:Dougga
4528:Tipasa
4518:Tiddis
4478:Saldae
4363:Cuicul
4313:Calama
4303:Altava
4263:Tingis
4253:Tamuda
4060:Djerba
4056:Meninx
4041:Lepcis
4025:Sousse
3990:Ugarit
3980:Shuksi
3975:Safita
3970:Paltus
3878:Málaga
3874:Malake
3819:Abdera
3802:Tavira
3684:Likush
3638:Mtarfa
3575:Lepcis
3514:Beirut
3409:Karaly
3333:Reshef
3323:Michal
3308:Achzib
3301:Israel
3287:Rhodes
3270:Greece
3261:Marion
3246:Kition
3234:Cyprus
3225:Timici
3209:Taoura
3140:Malaca
3004:Tipaza
2974:Meurad
2959:Larhat
2919:Damous
2909:Chaiba
2869:Aghbal
2844:Tipaza
2814:Damous
2785:Tipaza
2717:Portal
2653:
2632:
2608:
2576:Oengus
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2535:, Vol.
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2429:
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2241:Gsell.
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2105:, Vol.
2039:
2037:, Vol.
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1574:
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1233:
1226:
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1146:French
996:villas
932:under
918:Berber
910:
883:Pharos
844:
826:
819:Saturn
808:
767:silver
763:bronze
751:
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617:
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550:Arabic
543:French
530:) and
509:ʾY-ḤOL
504:island
420:Arabic
289:Height
188:34,372
162:Tipaza
5023:Rabat
4779:Spain
4753:Egypt
4729:Utica
4689:Sufes
4664:Sicca
4589:Capsa
4558:Zaraï
4353:Collo
4343:Cirta
4308:Auzia
4233:Lixus
4208:Cotta
4120:Other
4111:Utica
4090:Thyna
4066:Ruspe
3985:Sumur
3965:Carne
3950:Arwad
3943:Syria
3928:Velez
3884:Onoba
3869:Mahón
3863:Ibiza
3854:Herna
3833:Ceuta
3829:Abyla
3812:Spain
3798:Balsa
3749:Gadir
3744:Zilil
3704:Tinga
3622:Mdina
3604:Malta
3579:Khoms
3568:Libya
3545:Sidon
3510:Birut
3454:Sulci
3439:Olbia
3424:Motya
3393:Erice
3364:Bitan
3357:Italy
3342:Haifa
3328:Jaffa
3292:Delos
3241:Dhali
3195:Sarai
3120:Cirta
3099:Jijel
3074:Tenes
2979:Nador
2954:Kolea
2929:Fouka
2834:Koléa
2819:Fouka
2531:127,
2527:, No.
2327:, in
1971:3 May
1933:(PDF)
1908:3 May
1627:as a
1554:Diana
1404:Roman
1400:Punic
1318:pasha
1245:JSTOR
1231:books
1138:Latin
1130:Arabs
1099:Latin
1004:forum
928:sent
908:in AD
864:Roman
860:Egypt
842:in 25
759:coins
615:in 44
576:Greek
568:name
566:Latin
562:شرشال
552:name
522:Greek
486:Punic
470:Names
349:Range
297:Shape
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4760:Siwa
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4248:Sala
4203:Anfa
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3754:Sala
3714:Anfa
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3490:Ampi
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2651:ISBN
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