Chondrite - Knowledge

1432:. (Type 1 and 2 chondrites are also unequilibrated.) Chondrites that remain in nearly pristine condition, with all components (chondrules, matrix, etc.) having nearly the same composition and mineralogy as when they accreted to the parent asteroid, are designated type 3.0. As petrologic type increases from type 3.1 through 3.9, profound mineralogical changes occur, starting in the dusty matrix, and then increasingly affecting the coarser-grained components like chondrules. Type 3.9 chondrites still look superficially unchanged because chondrules retain their original appearances, but all of the minerals have been affected, mostly due to 999: 1178:, and lacking metallic Fe. It is a matter of some controversy whether they once had chondrules and refractory inclusions that were later destroyed during formation of hydrous minerals, or they never had chondrules in the first place. CI chondrites are notable because their chemical compositions closely resemble that of the solar photosphere, neglecting the hydrogen and helium. Thus, they have the most "primitive" compositions of any meteorites and are often used as a standard for assessing the degree of chemical fractionation experienced by materials formed throughout the Solar System. 316: 1301:

elements, and the fact that O/O ratios are anomalously high compared to Earth rocks. However, there are significant differences between R chondrites and ordinary chondrites: R chondrites have much more dusty matrix material (about 50% of the rock); they are much more oxidized, containing little metallic Fe–Ni; and their enrichments in O are higher than those of ordinary chondrites. Nearly all the metal they contain is oxidized or in the form of sulfides. They contain fewer chondrules than the E chondrites and appear to come from an asteroid's

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groups. Although CR chondrites are clearly similar in most ways to other chondrite groups, the origins of CH and CB chondrites are somewhat controversial. Some workers conclude that many of the chondrules and metal grains in these chondrites may have formed by impact processes after "normal" chondrules had already formed, and thus they may not be "true" chondrites.

1517: 487:. The various chondrite groups likely originated on separate asteroids or groups of related asteroids. Each chondrite group has a distinctive mixture of chondrules, refractory inclusions, matrix (dust), and other components and a characteristic grain size. Other ways of classifying chondrites include weathering and shock. 1235:(subgroup a) chondrites are coarse grained, with large, often cm-sized chondrules and metal grains and almost no refractory inclusions. Chondrules have unusual textures compared to most other chondrites. As in CH chondrites, dusty material only occurs in discrete clasts, and there is no fine-grained matrix. CB 1405:

hydrous phases. This alteration took place at temperatures of 50 to 150 °C, so type 1 chondrites were warm, but not hot enough to experience thermal metamorphism. The members of the CI group, plus a few highly altered carbonaceous chondrites of other groups, are the only instances of type 1 chondrites.

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CH chondrites are remarkable for their very tiny chondrules, typically only about 0.02 mm (20 micrometres) in diameter. They have a small proportion of equally tiny refractory inclusions. Dusty material occurs as discrete clasts, rather than as a true matrix. CH chondrites are also distinguished

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Rumuruti (R) type chondrites are a very rare group, with only one documented fall out of almost 900 documented chondrite falls. They have a number of properties in common with ordinary chondrites, including similar types of chondrules, few refractory inclusions, similar chemical composition for most

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Three chondrites form what is known as the K (Kakangari type) grouplet: Kakangari, LEW 87232, and Lea Co. 002. They are characterized by large amounts of dusty matrix and oxygen isotope compositions similar to carbonaceous chondrites, highly reduced mineral compositions and high metal abundances (6%

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Chondrites can also be categorized according to their petrologic type, which is the degree to which they were thermally metamorphosed or aqueously altered (they are assigned a number between 1 and 7). The chondrules in a chondrite that is assigned a "3" have not been altered. Larger numbers indicate

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There are many groups of carbonaceous chondrites, but most of them are distinguished chemically by enrichments in refractory lithophile elements relative to Si and isotopically by unusually low ratios of O/O relative to O/O, when compared to Earth rocks. All groups of carbonaceous chondrites except

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was originally used to designate chondrites that lacked chondrules and contained large amounts of water and carbon. Current usage of type 1 is simply to indicate meteorites that have experienced extensive aqueous alteration, to the point that most of their olivine and pyroxene have been altered to

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and coarsened in grain size. By type 5, chondrules begin to become indistinct and matrix cannot be discerned. In type 6 chondrites, chondrules begin to integrate with what was once matrix, and small chondrules may no longer be recognizable. As metamorphism proceeds, many minerals coarsen and new,

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chondrites are those that have experienced extensive aqueous alteration, but still contain recognizable chondrules as well as primary, unaltered olivine and/or pyroxene. The fine-grained matrix is generally fully hydrated and minerals inside chondrules may show variable degrees of hydration. This

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Because chondrites accumulated from material that formed very early in the history of the Solar System, and because chondritic asteroids did not melt, they have very primitive compositions. "Primitive," in this sense, means that the abundances of most chemical elements do not differ greatly from

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of the sun, which in turn should be well-representative of the entire Solar System (note: to make such a comparison between a gaseous object like the sun and a rock like a chondrite, scientists choose one rock-forming element, such as silicon (Si), to use as a reference point, and then compare

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type), CB (Bencubbin type), and CH (high metal) carbonaceous chondrites are three groups that seem to be related by their chemical and oxygen isotopic compositions. All are rich in metallic Fe–Ni, with CH and especially CB chondrites having a higher proportion of metal than all other chondrite

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At some point during the formation of many chondrites, particles of metal became partially separated from particles of silicate minerals. As a result, chondrites coming from asteroids that did not accrete with their full complement of metal (e.g., L, LL, and EL chondrites) are depleted in all

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elements like Ca and Al became separated from less refractory elements like Mg and Si, and were not uniformly sampled by each asteroid. The parent bodies of many groups of carbonaceous chondrites contain over-sampled grains rich in refractory elements, whereas those of ordinary and enstatite

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type) chondrites are characterized by mm-sized chondrules and abundant refractory inclusions set in a dark matrix that comprises about half the rock. CV chondrites are noted for spectacular refractory inclusions, some of which reach centimetre sizes, and they are the only group to contain a

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type) chondrites are chemically and texturally similar to CV chondrites. However, they contain far fewer refractory inclusions than CV, they are much more oxidized rocks, and most of them have experienced considerable amounts of thermal metamorphism (compared to CV and all other groups of

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and a few million years after the asteroid formed the ice would have melted allowing the liquid water to react with and alter the olivines and pyroxenes. The formation of rivers and lakes on the asteroid is thought to have been unlikely if it was sufficiently porous to allow the water to

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Although all chondrite compositions can be considered primitive, there is variation among the different groups, as discussed above. CI chondrites seem to be nearly identical in composition to the sun for all but the gas-forming elements (e.g., hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and

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of particles of dust and grit present in the primitive Solar System which gave rise to asteroids over 4.54 billion years ago. These asteroid parent bodies of chondrites are (or were) small to medium-sized asteroids that were never part of any body large enough to undergo melting and

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Most, but not all, ordinary chondrites have experienced significant degrees of metamorphism, having reached temperatures well above 500 °C on the parent asteroids. They are divided into three groups, which have different amounts of metal and different amounts of total iron:

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an increase in thermal metamorphosis up to a maximum of 7, where the chondrules have been destroyed. Numbers lower than 3 are given to chondrites whose chondrules have been changed by the presence of water, down to 1, where the chondrules have been obliterated by this alteration.

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are by far the most common type of meteorite to fall to Earth: about 80% of all meteorites and over 90% of chondrites are ordinary chondrites. They contain abundant chondrules, sparse matrix (10–15% of the rock), few refractory inclusions, and variable amounts of Fe–Ni metal and

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Enstatite chondrites (also known as E-type chondrites) are a rare form of meteorite thought to comprise only about 2% of the chondrites that fall to Earth. Only about 200 E-Type chondrites are currently known. The majority of enstatite chondrites have either been recovered in

1155:. They are thought to have been formed the farthest from the sun of any of the chondrites as they have the highest proportion of volatile compounds. Another of their main characteristics is the presence of water or of minerals that have been altered by the presence of water. 1219:

CR chondrites have chondrules that are similar in size to those in ordinary chondrites (near 1 mm), few refractory inclusions, and matrix comprises nearly half the rock. Many CR chondrites have experienced extensive aqueous alteration, but some have mostly escaped this

307:, veining, localized melting, and formation of high-pressure minerals. The net result of these secondary thermal, aqueous, and shock processes is that only a few known chondrites preserve in pristine form the original dust, chondrules, and inclusions from which they formed. 1412:

alteration probably occurred at temperatures below 20 °C, and again, these meteorites are not thermally metamorphosed. Almost all CM and CR chondrites are petrologic type 2; with the exception of some ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites, no other chondrites are type 2.

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These meteorites either contain a proportion of water or minerals that have been altered by water. This suggests that the asteroid from which these meteorites originate must have contained water. At the beginning of the Solar System this would have been present as

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have high total iron and high metallic Fe (15–20% Fe–Ni metal by mass), and smaller chondrules than L and LL chondrites. They are formed of bronzite, olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, metals and sulfides and ~42% of ordinary chondrite falls belong to this group

1648:(carbonaceous chondrites normally contain concentrations of 15 ppm or less). This could indicate that organic material is more abundant in the Solar System than was previously believed, and it reinforces the idea that the organic compounds present in the 1396:

The petrologic-type scheme originated by Van Schmus and Wood is really two separate schemes, one describing aqueous alteration (types 1–2) and one describing thermal metamorphism (types 3–6). The aqueous alteration part of the system works as follows:

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All groups of ordinary and enstatite chondrites, as well as R and CK chondrites, show the complete metamorphic range from type 3 to 6. CO chondrites comprise only type 3 members, although these span a range of petrologic types from 3.0 to 3.8.

1166:(Ivuna type) chondrites entirely lack chondrules and refractory inclusions; they are composed almost exclusively of fine-grained material that has experienced a high degree of aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid. CI chondrites are highly 1416:

The thermal metamorphism part of the scheme describes a continuous sequence of changes to mineralogy and texture that accompany increasing metamorphic temperatures. These chondrites show little evidence of the effects of aqueous alteration:

1393:, which appears as a number following the group name (e.g., an LL5 chondrite belongs to the LL group and has a petrologic type of 5). The current scheme for describing petrologic types was devised by Van Schmus and Wood in 1967. 287:

in their interiors. The source of the heat was most likely energy coming from the decay of short-lived radioisotopes (half-lives less than a few million years) that were present in the newly formed Solar System, especially

223:, which are believed to have formed more recently than chondrites. There are currently over 27,000 chondrites in the world's collections. The largest individual stone ever recovered, weighing 1770 kg, was part of the 296:, although heating may have been caused by impacts onto the asteroids as well. Many chondritic asteroids also contained significant amounts of water, possibly due to the accretion of ice along with rocky material. 1185:) and CM (Mighei type) chondrites are two related groups that contain very small chondrules, mostly 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter; refractory inclusions are quite abundant and have similar sizes to chondrules. 2506:

Aaron S. Burton; Jamie E. Elsila; Jason E. Hein; Daniel P. Glavin; Jason P. Dworkin (March 2013). "Extra-terrestrial amino acids identified in metal-rich CH and CB carbonaceous chondrites from Antarctica".

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Michael K. Weisberga; Martin Prinza; Robert N. Claytonb; Toshiko K. Mayedab; Monica M. Gradyc; Ian Franchid; Colin T. Pillingerd; Gregory W. Kallemeyne (1996). "The K (Kakangari) chondrite grouplet".

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distinctive type of large, once-molten inclusions. Chemically, CV chondrites have the highest abundances of refractory lithophile elements of any chondrite group. The CV group includes the remarkable

303:. In addition, all chondritic asteroids were affected by impact and shock processes due to collisions with other asteroids. These events caused a variety of effects, ranging from simple compaction to 1467:, although there is not consensus on whether this is necessary. Type 7 chondrites have experienced the highest temperatures possible, short of that required to produce melting. Should the onset of 181:

become the most common type of meteorite by arriving on a trajectory toward the planet's surface. Estimates for their contribution to the total meteorite population vary between 85.7% and 86.2%.

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have low total iron contents (including 7–11% Fe–Ni metal by mass). ~46% of ordinary chondrite falls belong to this group, which makes them the most common type of meteorite to fall on Earth.

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meteorite, which fell in Canada in 2000 and is intermediate between CI and CM chondrites; and Acfer 094, an extremely primitive chondrite that shares properties with both CM and CO groups.

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Although chondritic asteroids never became hot enough to melt based upon internal temperatures, many of them reached high enough temperatures that they experienced significant thermal

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meteorite shower of 1976. Chondrite falls range from single stones to extraordinary showers consisting of thousands of individual stones. An instance of the latter occurred in the

1594:) of hydrocarbons and ammonium carbonate in the presence of liquid water. In addition, the hydrocarbons could have formed deep within a planetoid by a process similar to the 1271:

Ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites: A number of chondrites are clearly members of the carbonaceous chondrite class, but do not fit into any of the groups. These include: the

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has been thoroughly studied; it fell in Australia close to the town that bears its name on 28 September 1969. It is a CM2 and it contains common amino acids such as

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Múñoz-Espadas, M.J.; Martínez-Frías, J.; Lunar, R. (2003). "Mineralogía, texturas y cosmoquímica de cóndrulos RP y PO en la condrita Reliegos L5 (León, España)".

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Carbonaceous chondrites contain more than 600 organic compounds that were synthesized in distinct places and at distinct times. These organic compounds include:

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As a result, many chondrites contain hydrous minerals, such as clays, that formed when the water interacted with the rock on the asteroid in a process known as

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Two meteorites that were collected in Antarctica in 1992 and 1995 were found to be abundant in amino acids, which are present at concentrations of 180 and 249

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rocks known, with most of their iron taking the form of metal or sulfide rather than as an oxide. This suggests that they were formed in an area that lacked

1038:(FeS). Their chondrules are generally in the range of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter. Ordinary chondrites are distinguished chemically by their depletions in 2792: 1428:

chondrites because minerals such as olivine and pyroxene show a wide range of compositions, reflecting formation under a wide variety of conditions in the

456:, and their origin continues to be the object of some debate. The scientific community generally accepts that these spheres were formed by the action of a 1199:

CO chondrites have only about 30% matrix and have experienced very little aqueous alteration. Most have experienced small degrees of thermal metamorphism.

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Boss, A.P.; Durisen, R.H. (2005). "Chondrule-forming Shock Fronts in the Solar Nebula: A Possible Unified Scenario for Planet and Chondrite Formation".

378:, millimetre-sized spherical objects that originated as freely floating, molten or partially molten droplets in space; most chondrules are rich in the 1231:

CB chondrites occur in two types, both of which are similar to CH chondrites in that they are very depleted in volatile elements and rich in metal. CB

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chondrites, in which the compositions of most minerals have become quite homogeneous due to high temperatures. By type 4, the matrix has thoroughly

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CM chondrites are composed of about 70% fine-grained material (matrix), and most have experienced extensive aqueous alteration. The much studied

452:, which predate the formation of our solar system and originated elsewhere in the galaxy. The chondrules have distinct texture, composition and 2706: 1264:

CL (Loongana type) chondrites are largely chondrules and CAIs, correspondingly low in matrix and volatiles, with trace elements resembling CR.

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elements, whereas those that accreted too much metal (e.g., CH, CB, and EH chondrites) are enriched in these elements compared to the sun.

3068: 2679: 2484: 1147:(also known as C-type chondrites) make up less than 5% of the chondrites that fall on Earth. They are characterized by the presence of 2453: 1920: 1736:

The E stands for Enstatite, H indicates a high metallic iron content of approximately 30%, and L low. The number refers to alteration.

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The first fraction appears to originate from interstellar space and the compounds belonging to the other fractions derive from a

1369:. In general, the level of depletion corresponds to the degree of volatility, where the most volatile elements are most depleted. 212:

or partially molten droplets of distinct minerals. Chondrules typically constitute between 20% and 80% of a chondrite by volume.

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have low total iron and low metal contents (3–5% Fe–Ni metal by mass of which 2% is metallic Fe and they also contain bronzite,

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fall in Mexico in 1969, which became one of the most widely distributed and, certainly, the best-studied meteorite in history.

998: 444:. The remainder of chondrites consists of fine-grained (micrometre-sized or smaller) dust, which may either be present as the 2790:

Hyman Hartman; Michael A. Sweeney; Michael A. Kropp; John S. Lewis (1993). "Carbonaceous chondrites and the origin of life".

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of the rock or may form rims or mantles around individual chondrules and refractory inclusions. Embedded in this dust are

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Small to medium asteroids that were never part of a body large enough to undergo melting and planetary differentiation.

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generated a shock wave with a velocity of more than 10 km/s, which resulted in the formation of the chondrules.

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ratios. Thus, the atomic ratio of Mg/Si measured in the sun (1.07) is identical to that measured in CI chondrites).

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Their study provides important clues for understanding the origin and age of the Solar System, the synthesis of

3774: 3344: 3112: 3103: 3093: 2987: 1667: 1579:, chloroform soluble hydrocarbons and a fraction that is soluble in methanol (which includes the amino acids). 1382:

chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic characteristics (above). The degree to which it has been affected by the

1049:, relative to Si, and isotopically by their unusually high O/O ratios relative to O/O compared to Earth rocks. 244: 82: 70: 46: 3652: 2944: 260:, matching ages for other chronometers. Another indication of their age is the fact that the abundance of non- 2242:

Van Schmus, W. R.; Wood, J. A. (1967). "A chemical-petrologic classification for the chondritic meteorites".

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that passed through the Solar System, although there is little agreement as to the cause of this shock wave.

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Except for the High Iron, all the other carbonaceous chondrites are named after a characteristic meteorite.

1127: 3138: 2919: 1776:"2.2 La composición de la Tierra: el modelo condrítico in Planetología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid" 1677: 1225: 1144: 1134: 1118: 1102: 983: 261: 463:

An article published in 2005 proposed that the gravitational instability of the gaseous disk that formed

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This is a unique meteorite that has been suggested to be the only known sample of the D asteroid family.

1586:. It has been proposed that the amino acids were synthesized close to the surface of a planetoid by the 1239:(subgroup b) chondrites contain much smaller (mm-sized) chondrules and do contain refractory inclusions. 436:), which are among the oldest objects to form in the Solar System, particles rich in metallic Fe-Ni and 253: 2648: 3600: 3497: 3479: 3233: 2860: 2801: 2775:

Jordi Llorca i Piqué (2004). "Moléculas orgánicas en el sistema solar: ¿dónde y cómo encontrarlas?".

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It is thought possible that a proportion of the water present on the Earth comes from the impact of

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processes of thermal metamorphism and aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid is indicated by its

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Jörn Müller; Harald Lesch (2003). "Woher kommt das Wasser der Erde? – Urgaswolke oder Meteoriten".

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Norton, O.R. and Chitwood, L.A. Field Guide to Meteors and Meteorites, Springer-Verlag, London 2008

1833:"Meteorites for the Sahara: Find locations, shock classification, degree of weathering and pairing" 1622: 1606: 1536: 1193: 1046: 923: 915: 321: 2277:

Clayton, R. N.; Mayeda, T. K. (1989), "Oxygen Isotope Classification of Carbonaceous Chondrites",

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Meteorite articles, including discussions of chondrites in Planetary Science Research Discoveries

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Andrew M. Davis; Lawrence Grossman; R. Ganapathy (1977). "Yes, Kakangari is a unique chondrite".

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Grevesse and Sauval (2005) in Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics, IOP Publishing, Ltd.

1571:, etc. These compounds can be divided into three main groups: a fraction that is not soluble in 2127: 861: 417: 404:

Shiny Ni/Fe metal is prominently displayed in this ordinary chondrite found in Northwest Africa

3753: 3721: 3401: 3394: 3354: 3061: 2876: 2817: 2757: 2136: 1916: 1862: 1568: 1250: 1245: 735: 441: 2956: 1598:. These conditions could be analogous to the events that caused the origin of life on Earth. 1090: 483:

on the basis of their mineralogy, bulk chemical composition, and oxygen isotope compositions

3379: 2868: 2809: 2749: 2622: 2577: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2480: 2350: 2259: 2213: 2026: 1969: 1965: 1852: 1532: 1205: 961: 758: 464: 445: 293: 185: 117: 3615: 3436: 3389: 3326: 3256: 2966: 2951: 1649: 1560: 1175: 449: 437: 92: 75: 2096: 1775: 2864: 2805: 2618: 2573: 2346: 2316: 2290: 2255: 2209: 2070: 2030: 2022: 1848: 3425: 3334: 3251: 3073: 3056: 3029: 2849:"Evidence for extraterrestrial amino-acids and hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite" 2843:

Kvenvolden, Keith A.; Lawless, James; Pering, Katherine; Peterson, Etta; Flores, Jose;

2044: 1973: 1857: 1832: 1692: 704: 410: 352: 224: 219:

by their low iron and nickel content. Non-metallic meteorites that lack chondrules are

216: 2682:. Meteorite Museum. University of New Mexico. Institute of Meteoritics. Archived from 2626: 2422: 2263: 1339:(Ar) etc.). Other chondrite groups deviate from the solar composition (i.e., they are 3768: 3741: 3647: 3637: 3469: 3452: 3299: 2355: 2330: 1981: 1634: 1556: 1341: 201: 2546: 2225: 1357:

In a similar manner, although the exact process is not very well understood, highly

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Some workers have extended the Van Schmus and Wood metamorphic scheme to include a

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A synthesis of the various classification schemes is provided in the table below.

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to 10% by volume) that are most like enstatite chondrites, and concentrations of

3659: 3555: 3539: 3534: 3241: 3202: 3197: 3083: 3007: 2161:(in Spanish). Translated by Sara Benedicta Oyola. 18 March 2005 . Archived from 1528: 1494: 1315: 1072: 1057: 887: 189: 166: 28: 1112: 3574: 3246: 3224: 1672: 1587: 1572: 1564: 1520: 1358: 1292:

Many of their other characteristics are similar to the O, E and C chondrites.

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The use of the term non-metallic does not imply the total absence of metals.

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Wlotzka, F. (July 1993), "A Weathering Scale for the Ordinary Chondrites",

1882:"Pistas químicas apuntan a un origen de polvo para los planetas terrestres" 1424:

chondrites show low degrees of metamorphism. They are often referred to as

398: 169:. They are formed when various types of dust and small grains in the early 2880: 2373: 1365:

No chondrites except the CI group formed with a full, solar complement of

1196:, which fell in Australia in 1969, is the best-known member of this group. 3716: 3384: 3266: 2200: 1702: 1576: 1544: 1468: 1456: 1302: 1085:

and olivine). Only 1 in 10 ordinary chondrite falls belong to this group.

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Prominent among the components present in chondrites are the enigmatic

304: 232: 158: 3736: 3034: 2872: 2581: 2097:"NWA 10499; Meteoritical Bulletin Database. The Meteoritical Society" 2071:"Grassland; Meteoritical Bulletin Database. The Meteoritical Society" 1540: 1328: 1148: 953: 325: 277: 209: 2045:"Bjurböle; Meteoritical Bulletin Database. The Meteoritical Society" 2217: 3726: 2329:

Stöffler, Dieter; Keil, Klaus; Edward R.D, Scott (December 1991).

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of 1912, in which an estimated 14,000 stones grounded in northern

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Meteorites.tv. Meteorites for Science, Education & Collectors

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Wood, J.A. (1988). "Chondritic Meteorites and the Solar Nebula".

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II Curso de Ciencias Planetarias de la Universidad de Salamanca

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Calvin J. Hamilton (Translated from English by Antonio Bello).

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lithophile elements that are most like ordinary chondrites.

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the CH group are named for a characteristic type specimen:

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El sistema solar: Nuestro pequeño rincón en la vía láctea

324:: particles of dust and grit collide and accrete forming 60:

A specimen of the NWA 869 chondrite (type L4–6), showing

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those that are measured by spectroscopic methods in the

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Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

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elements in chondrites is similar to that found in the

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and carbonaceous chondrites with the Earth's surface.

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chondrites have been increasingly altered by thermal

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Chondrites are divided into about 15 distinct groups

177:. Some such bodies that are captured in the planet's 129: 123: 1436:

of elements between grains of different composition.

208:, grain), which are round grains formed in space as 141: 135: 132: 3668: 3573: 3548: 3522: 3478: 3424: 3353: 3325: 3280: 3232: 3223: 3129: 3101: 3092: 3014: 120: 101: 91: 81: 69: 39: 2914:Сarnegie Institution for Science (13 March 2008). 196:. One of their characteristics is the presence of 1471:the meteorite would probably be classified as a 948:E-type chondrites are among the most chemically 1497:towards its interior, as occurs in terrestrial 853:Phyllosilicates, Magnetite, Ca-Mg-Fe carbonates 2916:"Meteorites a Rich Source for Primordial Soup" 16:Class of stony meteorites made of round grains 2988: 2237: 2235: 2010:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 784:Olivine, Pyroxene, metals, Ca minerals and Al 8: 2847:; Kaplan, Isaac R.; Moore, Carleton (1970). 1799: 1797: 506:Distinguishing features/Chondrule character 2945:Natural History Museum, meteorite catalogue 2793:Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 2446:"metal, iron, & nickel in meteorites 1" 2331:"Shock metamorphism of ordinary chondrites" 1950:"Pb isotopic age of the Allende chondrules" 1652:could have had an extraterrestrial origin. 3229: 3126: 3098: 2995: 2981: 2973: 2705:Drake, Michael J.; Righter, Kevin (2001). 1637:as well as other less common ones such as 54: 3187: 2536: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2354: 2199: 1856: 1378:A chondrite's group is determined by its 3214: 2120: 2118: 1170:, brecciated rocks, containing abundant 906: 496: 346:in chondrite from the Bjurböle meteorite 256:gives an estimated age of 4,566.6 ± 1.0 2962:The British and Irish Meteorite Society 2368: 2366: 1767: 1720: 933:or have been collected by the American 2479:The Internet Encyclopedia of Science. 1948:Amelin, Yuri; Krot, Alexander (2007). 945:), from which they derive their name. 937:. They tend to be high in the mineral 157:that has not been modified, by either 36: 2895:from the original on 12 November 2021 1812:from the original on 25 February 2021 1590:(dissociation of molecules caused by 215:Chondrites can be distinguished from 7: 2707:"Where did Earth's water come from?" 2487:from the original on 8 February 2006 2103:from the original on 21 January 2016 2077:from the original on 13 January 2021 2051:from the original on 23 January 2021 1929:from the original on 13 January 2023 1909:"Nuestra historia en los meteoritos" 2509:Meteoritics & Planetary Science 2417:New England Meteoritical Services. 2155:"¿Cocinó Júpiter a los meteoritos?" 2031:10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.000413 1988:from the original on 16 August 2020 1954:Meteoritics & Planetary Science 1915:. Universitat Jaume I. p. 75. 2454:Washington University in St. Louis 1974:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00559.x 1888:from the original on 3 August 2008 1858:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1995.tb01219.x 1362:chondrites were deficient in them. 1045:elements, such as Ca, Al, Ti, and 14: 2384:from the original on 9 March 2021 1831:Bischoff, A.; Geiger, T. (1995). 1782:from the original on 15 June 2009 358:Chondrules in chondrite from the 20:For trace fossil ichnogenus, see 1126: 1111: 1089:An example of this group is the 1012: 997: 982: 409: 397: 351: 336: 314: 116: 2606:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2335:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2244:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1121:CV3 that fell in Mexico in 1969 243:Chondrites were formed by the 1: 2627:10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00233-5 2264:10.1016/S0016-7037(67)80030-9 1455:metamorphic minerals such as 1345:) in highly systematic ways: 192:and the presence of water on 2356:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90078-J 1907:Jordi, Llorca Pique (2004). 935:National Weather Association 416:Chondrule in Chondrite from 826:Chondrules and CAIs, metals 798:Olivine, Ca minerals and Al 173:accreted to form primitive 3806: 3633:extraterrestrial materials 1806:"Meteoroides y Meteoritos" 1100: 971: 921: 766:Phyllosilicates, Olivine, 692: 558: 18: 3709: 2969:from Meteorites Australia 2680:"Asteroid Geology: Water" 2187:The Astrophysical Journal 1261:carbonaceous chondrites). 1224:by extreme depletions in 1065:Meteorite fall statistics 840:Pyroxene, metals, Olivine 649: 606: 563: 516: 513: 479:Meteorites classification 440:, and isolated grains of 250:planetary differentiation 53: 44: 2641:"R Group (Rumurutiites)" 2481:"carbonaceous chondrite" 1668:Meteorite classification 1475:instead of a chondrite. 471:Chondrite classification 428:Chondrites also contain 27:Not to be confused with 3412:Meteorites on Mars list 3407:Martian meteorites list 2629:. 0016-7037, 4253–4263. 2521:2013M&PS...48..390B 1966:2007M&PS...42.1043F 1688:Glossary of meteoritics 1596:Fischer–Tropsch process 1145:Carbonaceous chondrites 1097:Carbonaceous chondrites 694:Carbonaceous chondrites 420:LL3 Primitive Chondrite 2754:10.1002/ciuz.200300282 2742:Chemie in unserer Zeit 1678:Carbonaceous chondrite 1618: 1524: 1266:Triple oxygen position 1135:Carbonaceous chondrite 1119:Carbonaceous chondrite 1103:Carbonaceous chondrite 956:, probably within the 919: 432:inclusions (including 3561:Nonmagmatic meteorite 2950:12 March 2008 at the 2592:. 0028-0836, 230–232. 2374:"Types of Meteorites" 2159:Astrobiology Magazine 1609:is on display at the 1604: 1519: 1151:compounds, including 910: 743:Olivines rich in Fe, 514:Enstatite chondrites 102:Total known specimens 3780:Chondrite meteorites 3628:Ca–Al-rich inclusion 2450:meteorites.wustl.edu 2378:The Meteorite Market 1698:Stony-iron meteorite 1641:and pseudo-leucine. 1473:primitive achondrite 1280:Kakangari chondrites 1268:near the CV-CK area. 903:Enstatite chondrites 886:Olivine, Pyroxenes, 2865:1970Natur.228..923K 2845:Ponnamperuma, Cyril 2806:1993OLEB...23..221H 2686:on 15 December 2012 2619:1996GeCoA..60.4253W 2574:1977Natur.265..230D 2425:on 21 February 2009 2347:1991GeCoA..55.3845S 2317:1993Metic..28Q.460W 2291:1989LPI....20..169C 2256:1967GeCoA..31..747V 2210:2005ApJ...621L.137B 2033:. 0084-6597, 53–72. 2023:1988AREPS..16...53W 1849:1995Metic..30..113B 1623:Murchison meteorite 1607:Murchison meteorite 1296:Rumuruti chondrites 1194:Murchison meteorite 1031:Ordinary chondrites 1007:Chondrite L6 – 1868 968:Ordinary chondrites 924:Enstatite chondrite 916:enstatite chondrite 560:Ordinary chondrites 509:Letter designation 322:Protoplanetary disk 3785:Meteorite minerals 2814:10.1007/BF01581900 2721:on 5 November 2018 2711:GSA Annual Meeting 2529:10.1111/maps.12063 1960:(7/8): 1043–1463. 1619: 1525: 1021:Ordinary chondrite 990:Ordinary chondrite 974:Ordinary chondrite 920: 301:aqueous alteration 239:Origin and history 71:Compositional type 22:Chondrites (genus) 3790:Planetary geology 3762: 3761: 3754:Near-Earth object 3722:Atmospheric entry 3569: 3568: 3518: 3517: 3420: 3419: 2859:(5275): 923–926. 2613:(21): 4253–4263. 2568:(5591): 230–232. 2341:(12): 3845–3867. 1569:nitrogenous bases 1523:general structure 1483:Presence of water 1440:Types 4, 5, and 6 1367:volatile elements 900: 899: 724:Phyllosilicates, 442:silicate minerals 186:organic compounds 109: 108: 3797: 3587:Characteristics 3363:Basaltic Breccia 3230: 3127: 3099: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2974: 2967:Chondrite images 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2918:. Archived from 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2873:10.1038/228923a0 2840: 2834: 2833: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2717:. Archived from 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2651:on 18 April 2013 2647:. Archived from 2637: 2631: 2630: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2582:10.1038/265230a0 2557: 2551: 2550: 2540: 2538:2060/20130014351 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2456:. Archived from 2444:Korotev, Randy. 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2421:. Archived from 2414: 2408: 2405: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2370: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2203: 2201:astro-ph/0501592 2194:(2): L137–L140. 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2165:on 19 April 2007 2151: 2145: 2144: 2122: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1860: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1801: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1772: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1561:phosphonic acids 1533:carboxylic acids 1374:Petrologic types 1176:sulfate minerals 1130: 1115: 1016: 1001: 986: 812:Pyroxene, metals 497: 434:Ca–Al inclusions 413: 401: 355: 340: 318: 149:is a stony (non- 148: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 64:and metal flakes 58: 37: 32: 25: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3775:Meteorite types 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3705: 3664: 3577: 3565: 3544: 3514: 3474: 3416: 3390:Orthopyroxenite 3349: 3321: 3276: 3219: 3119: 3111: 3088: 3010: 3001: 2952:Wayback Machine 2941: 2936: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2922:on 29 July 2020 2913: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1930: 1923: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1658: 1650:primordial soup 1514: 1485: 1376: 1311: 1298: 1282: 1238: 1234: 1213: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1116: 1105: 1099: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1017: 1009: 1008: 1002: 994: 993: 987: 976: 970: 944: 926: 905: 705:Phyllosilicates 473: 450:presolar grains 427: 425: 424: 423: 422: 421: 414: 406: 405: 402: 372: 370:Characteristics 367: 366: 365: 364: 363: 356: 348: 347: 341: 333: 332: 319: 252:. Dating using 241: 217:iron meteorites 163:differentiation 119: 115: 93:Petrologic type 65: 33: 26: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3803: 3801: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3767: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3675:Meteorites by 3672: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3584: 3582: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3549:Obsolete terms 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3490: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3335:Impact breccia 3331: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3238: 3236: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3096: 3094:Classification 3090: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3074:Micrometeorite 3071: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3012: 3011: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2940: 2939:External links 2937: 2934: 2933: 2906: 2835: 2800:(4): 221–227. 2782: 2767: 2748:(4): 242–246. 2732: 2697: 2671: 2662: 2632: 2595: 2552: 2515:(3): 390–402. 2498: 2471: 2460:on 2 July 2019 2436: 2409: 2395: 2362: 2321: 2295: 2269: 2250:(5): 747–765. 2231: 2218:10.1086/429160 2176: 2146: 2131:(in Spanish). 2114: 2088: 2062: 2036: 1999: 1940: 1922:978-8480214667 1921: 1899: 1884:(in Spanish). 1872: 1843:(1): 113–122. 1823: 1808:(in Spanish). 1793: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1693:Iron meteorite 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1557:sulfonic acids 1513: 1512:Origin of life 1510: 1484: 1481: 1461: 1460: 1452:recrystallized 1437: 1426:unequilibrated 1414: 1413: 1406: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1363: 1355: 1310: 1307: 1297: 1294: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1254: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1221: 1211: 1210: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1187: 1186: 1179: 1132: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1101:Main article: 1098: 1095: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1070: 1018: 1011: 1010: 1003: 996: 995: 988: 981: 980: 979: 978: 977: 972:Main article: 969: 966: 942: 922:Main article: 904: 901: 898: 897: 894: 884: 881: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 858: 857: 854: 851: 845: 844: 841: 838: 831: 830: 827: 824: 817: 816: 813: 810: 803: 802: 799: 796: 789: 788: 785: 782: 775: 774: 771: 764: 755: 754: 751: 741: 732: 731: 728: 722: 715: 714: 711: 702: 696: 690: 689: 686: 682: 681: 678: 674: 673: 670: 666: 665: 662: 658: 657: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 639: 638: 635: 631: 630: 627: 623: 622: 619: 615: 614: 611: 608: 604: 603: 600: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 580: 579: 576: 572: 571: 568: 565: 562: 556: 555: 552: 548: 547: 544: 540: 539: 536: 532: 531: 528: 524: 523: 520: 517: 515: 511: 510: 507: 504: 501: 472: 469: 415: 408: 407: 403: 396: 395: 394: 393: 392: 371: 368: 357: 350: 349: 342: 335: 334: 320: 313: 312: 311: 310: 309: 240: 237: 190:origin of life 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 85: 79: 78: 73: 67: 66: 59: 51: 50: 42: 41: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3802: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3702: 3701:Organizations 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3679:find location 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3653:Widmanstätten 3651: 3649: 3648:Neumann lines 3646: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3638:meteoric iron 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3503:Eagle Station 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2907: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2786: 2783: 2779:(in Spanish). 2778: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2744:(in German). 2743: 2736: 2733: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2499: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2472: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2437: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2177: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2003: 2000: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1941: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1824: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1781: 1777: 1771: 1768: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1714: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635:glutamic acid 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1469:melting occur 1466: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1230: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1129: 1120: 1114: 1104: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1079:LL chondrites 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1015: 1006: 1000: 991: 985: 975: 967: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 946: 940: 936: 932: 925: 917: 914: 913:Saint Sauveur 909: 902: 895: 893: 889: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 859: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 842: 839: 836: 833: 832: 828: 825: 822: 819: 818: 814: 811: 808: 805: 804: 800: 797: 794: 791: 790: 786: 783: 780: 777: 776: 772: 769: 765: 763: 761: 757: 756: 752: 750: 747:minerals and 746: 742: 740: 738: 734: 733: 729: 727: 723: 720: 717: 716: 712: 710: 706: 703: 700: 697: 695: 691: 687: 684: 683: 679: 676: 675: 671: 669:Less distinct 668: 667: 663: 660: 659: 655: 652: 648: 644: 641: 640: 636: 633: 632: 628: 626:Less distinct 625: 624: 620: 617: 616: 612: 609: 605: 601: 598: 597: 593: 590: 589: 585: 583:Less distinct 582: 581: 577: 574: 573: 569: 566: 561: 557: 554:E7, EH7, EL7 553: 550: 549: 546:E6, EH6, EL6 545: 542: 541: 538:E5, EH5, EL5 537: 535:Less distinct 534: 533: 530:E4, EH4, EL4 529: 526: 525: 522:E3, EH3, EL3 521: 518: 512: 508: 505: 502: 499: 498: 495: 492: 488: 486: 482: 480: 470: 468: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 419: 412: 400: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 369: 361: 354: 345: 339: 331: 327: 323: 317: 308: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 286: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 238: 236: 234: 230: 229:Holbrook fall 226: 222: 218: 213: 211: 207: 203: 202:Ancient Greek 199: 195: 191: 187: 182: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 146: 114: 104: 100: 96: 94: 90: 86: 84: 80: 77: 74: 72: 68: 63: 57: 52: 49: — 48: 45:— 43: 38: 35: 30: 23: 3732:Impact event 3713: 3488:Mesosiderite 3402:Shergottites 3375:Chassignites 3340:Mare basalts 3139:Carbonaceous 3130: 3050:strewn field 2924:. 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These are 1444:metamorphism 1439: 1430:solar nebula 1421: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1395: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1342:fractionated 1340: 1321: 1312: 1299: 1291: 1283: 1212: 1157: 1143: 1088: 1073:L chondrites 1062: 1051: 1029: 947: 927: 912: 879:Rumurutiites 834: 820: 806: 792: 778: 759: 736: 718: 698: 493: 489: 484: 476: 474: 462: 426: 373: 300: 298: 285:metamorphism 282: 242: 214: 205: 183: 179:gravity well 171:Solar System 112: 110: 34: 3660:CI1 fossils 3556:Amphoterite 3540:Octahedrite 3535:Hexahedrite 3242:Acapulcoite 3169:C ungrouped 3084:Parent body 3008:meteoritics 2419:"Meteorlab" 2305:Meteoritics 1837:Meteoritics 1611:Smithsonian 1565:amino acids 1352:siderophile 1325:noble gases 1316:photosphere 1309:Composition 1273:Tagish Lake 1183:Ornans type 1153:amino acids 1093:meteorite. 1058:H chondrite 1047:rare earths 888:Plagioclase 849:Tagish Lake 485:(see below) 305:brecciation 221:achondrites 167:parent body 105:Over 27,000 83:Parent body 29:Chondrodite 3769:Categories 3601:weathering 3575:Mineralogy 3523:Structural 3498:Main group 3480:Stony-iron 3282:Asteroidal 3247:Brachinite 3225:Achondrite 3045:statistics 3004:Meteorites 2311:(3): 460, 1933:30 October 1762:References 1673:Achondrite 1588:radiolysis 1573:chloroform 1521:Amino acid 1389:petrologic 1359:refractory 1287:refractory 1133:NWA 13887 1083:oligoclase 1043:lithophile 1040:refractory 1005:Phnom Penh 931:Antarctica 787:CO3–CO3.7 753:CV2–CV3.3 677:Indistinct 656:LL3–LL3,9 634:Indistinct 591:Indistinct 543:Indistinct 458:shock wave 454:mineralogy 430:refractory 376:chondrules 344:Chondrules 272:and other 266:atmosphere 200:(from the 198:chondrules 62:chondrules 3749:Meteoroid 3714:See also: 3644:Patterns 3611:chondrule 3580:petrology 3493:Pallasite 3385:Nakhlites 3315:Howardite 3305:Diogenite 3272:Winonaite 3262:Lodranite 3234:Primitive 3188:Kakangari 3175:Enstatite 3131:Chondrite 3040:impactite 3016:Meteorite 2822:0169-6149 2762:0009-2851 2141:0213-683X 2135:: 35–38. 2128:Geogaceta 2017:: 53–72. 1982:247696781 1867:0026-1114 1683:Chondrule 1663:Meteorite 1639:isovaline 1592:radiation 1584:planetoid 1545:aldehydes 1495:percolate 1434:diffusion 1384:secondary 1228:elements. 1172:magnetite 1023:L5 - 2023 1019:El Menia 939:enstatite 862:Kakangari 709:Magnetite 418:NWA 10499 382:minerals 360:Grassland 330:asteroids 245:accretion 175:asteroids 155:meteorite 113:chondrite 40:Chondrite 3717:Asteroid 3696:Journals 3623:Minerals 3616:presolar 3508:Pyroxene 3395:ALH84001 3368:NWA 7034 3267:Ureilite 3215:Rumuruti 3193:Ordinary 3122:grouplet 3025:Glossary 2948:Archived 2926:30 April 2899:24 March 2893:Archived 2725:24 March 2690:28 April 2655:28 April 2547:59928474 2491:26 April 2485:Archived 2429:22 April 2388:18 April 2382:Archived 2226:15244154 2169:18 April 2107:20 April 2101:Archived 2075:Archived 2049:Archived 1986:Archived 1927:Archived 1886:Archived 1816:18 April 1810:Archived 1780:Archived 1703:Asteroid 1656:See also 1577:methanol 1537:alcohols 1499:aquifers 1457:feldspar 1303:regolith 1258:Karoonda 1246:Vigarano 1226:volatile 1220:process. 1168:oxidized 1036:troilite 892:Sulfides 837:igh Iron 809:encubbin 770:, metals 768:Pyroxene 730:CM1–CM2 661:Distinct 653:Abundant 618:Distinct 613:L3–L3,9 610:Abundant 575:Distinct 570:H3–H3,9 567:Abundant 527:Distinct 519:Abundant 503:Subtype 438:sulfides 388:pyroxene 380:silicate 262:volatile 206:chondros 204:χόνδρος 151:metallic 3607:Grains 3530:Ataxite 3355:Martian 3310:Eucrite 3295:Aubrite 3290:Angrite 3079:Notable 3069:Largest 3062:hunting 2889:4147981 2881:5482102 2861:Bibcode 2830:2045303 2802:Bibcode 2615:Bibcode 2590:4295051 2570:Bibcode 2517:Bibcode 2343:Bibcode 2313:Bibcode 2287:Bibcode 2285:: 169, 2252:Bibcode 2206:Bibcode 2081:6 March 2055:6 March 2019:Bibcode 1992:13 July 1962:Bibcode 1880:Axxón. 1845:Bibcode 1631:alanine 1627:glycine 1541:ketones 1380:primary 1251:Allende 1206:Renazzo 1091:NWA 869 962:Mercury 950:reduced 823:oongana 795:aroonda 739:igarano 726:Olivine 465:Jupiter 384:olivine 326:planets 276:in our 268:of the 233:Arizona 165:of the 159:melting 3742:shower 3737:Meteor 3691:Awards 3380:Kaidun 3035:bolide 2887: 2879: 2853:Nature 2828: 2820: 2760: 2588: 2562:Nature 2545: 2464:1 July 2224: 2139: 1980: 1919: 1892:11 May 1865: 1786:19 May 1553:amides 1549:amines 1506:comets 1465:type 7 1422:Type 3 1409:Type 2 1402:Type 1 1335:(Ne), 1331:(He), 1329:helium 1149:carbon 954:oxygen 941:(MgSiO 883: 870: 867: 762:enazzo 685:Melted 642:Melted 599:Melted 551:Melted 446:matrix 362:meteor 278:galaxy 210:molten 188:, the 3727:Comet 3669:Lists 3591:shock 3457:IIIAB 3327:Lunar 3257:IIICD 3117:group 3108:class 2885:S2CID 2826:S2CID 2586:S2CID 2543:S2CID 2222:S2CID 2196:arXiv 1978:S2CID 1715:Notes 1459:form. 1337:argon 1063:(see 958:orbit 918:(EH5) 864:-type 781:rnans 721:ighei 500:Type 477:(see 274:stars 254:Pb/Pb 225:Jilin 194:Earth 76:Stony 3684:type 3578:and 3463:IIIF 3460:IIIE 3437:IIAB 3426:Iron 3345:List 3120:and 3113:clan 3104:type 3057:Find 3030:Fall 3006:and 2928:2009 2901:2013 2877:PMID 2818:ISSN 2758:ISSN 2727:2013 2692:2009 2657:2009 2493:2009 2466:2010 2431:2009 2390:2009 2171:2009 2137:ISSN 2109:2024 2083:2013 2057:2013 1994:2009 1935:2020 1917:ISBN 1894:2009 1863:ISSN 1818:2009 1788:2012 1633:and 1621:The 1615:NMNH 1605:The 1391:type 1333:neon 1256:CK ( 1244:CV ( 1204:CR ( 1181:CO ( 1174:and 911:The 856:TAG 701:vuna 688:LL7 680:LL6 672:LL5 664:LL4 386:and 292:and 47:Type 3596:TKW 3470:IVB 3466:IVA 3453:IIG 3448:IIE 3444:IID 3441:IIC 3300:HED 3252:IAB 3102:By 3018:... 2869:doi 2857:228 2810:doi 2750:doi 2715:109 2623:doi 2578:doi 2566:265 2533:hdl 2525:doi 2351:doi 2260:doi 2214:doi 2192:621 2027:doi 1970:doi 1853:doi 1646:ppm 1613:'s 1575:or 1490:ice 1327:: 1137:CO3 992:LL6 960:of 843:CH 829:CL 815:CB 801:CK 773:CR 713:CI 650:LL 645:L7 637:L6 629:L5 621:L4 602:H7 594:H6 586:H5 578:H4 328:or 270:Sun 161:or 97:3–6 3771:: 3433:IC 3208:LL 3182:EL 3179:EH 3166:CV 3163:CR 3160:CO 3157:CM 3154:CK 3150:CI 3146:CH 3143:CB 3115:, 3106:, 2891:. 2883:. 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