Circumbinary planet - Knowledge (XXG)

39: 318:, itself part of the triple system GJ 630.1. The eclipsing binary has been surveyed for transiting planets, but no conclusive detections were made and eventually the existence of all the candidate planets was ruled out. More recently, efforts have been made to detect variations in the timing of the eclipses of the stars caused by the reflex motion associated with an orbiting planet, but at present no discovery has been confirmed. The orbit of the binary stars is eccentric, which is unexpected for such a close binary as 31: 195:, is about 200 light years from Earth, in the constellation Cygnus, and is believed to be a frozen world of rock and gas, about the mass of Saturn. It orbits two stars that are also circling each other, one about two-thirds the size of the Sun, the other about a fifth the size of the Sun. Each orbit of the stars by the planet takes 229 days, while the planet orbits the system's center of mass every 225 days; the stars eclipse each other every three weeks or so. 612: 7182: 7206: 7158: 7194: 284: 7170: 5942: 372:

years across the whole range of plausible orbital solutions. Like other planetary systems proposed around similar evolved binary star systems, it seems likely that some mechanism other than claimed planets is responsible for the observed behaviour of the binary stars – and that the claimed planets simply do not exist.

3082:; Torres, Guillermo; Gallardo, José; Guinan, Edward F.; Charbonneau, David; Wolf, Marek; Latham, David W.; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Bradstreet, David H.; Everett, Mark E.; O'Donovan, Francis T.; Mandushev, Georgi; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009). "Absolute Properties of the Low-Mass Eclipsing Binary CM Draconis". 5037:

Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Mills, Sean M.; Satyal, Suman; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; Windmiller, Gur; Müller, Tobias W. A.; Hinse, Tobias C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric

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Janson, Markus; Squicciarini, Vito; Delorme, Philippe; Gratton, Raffaele; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Reffert, Sabine; Mamajek, Eric E.; Eriksson, Simon C.; Vigan, Arthur; Langlois, Maud; Engler, Natalia; Chauvin, Gaël; Desidera, Silvano; Mayer, Lucio; Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique; Bohn, Alexander J.; Samland,

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Circumbinary planets are generally more likely to transit than planets around a single star. The probability when the planetary orbit overlaps with the stellar binary orbit has been obtained. For planets orbiting eclipsing stellar binaries (such as the detected systems), the analytical expression of

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Recently, it has been found that the distribution of the innermost planetary semi-major axes is consistent with a log-uniform distribution, taking into account the selection biases, where closer-in planets can be detected more easily. This questions the pile-up of planets near the stability limit as

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Further work on the system showed that the orbits proposed for the candidate planets were catastrophically unstable on timescales far shorter than the age of the system. Indeed, the authors found that the system was so unstable that it simply cannot exist, with mean lifetimes of less than a thousand

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2.5 degrees which may be due to the gravitational influence of other planets or a third star. Taking into account the selection biases, the average mutual inclination between the planetary orbits and the stellar binaries is within ~3 degrees, consistent with the mutual inclinations of planets in

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or "superplanet" is now clear. HD 202206 b is actually a red dwarf with 0.089 solar masses. The two objects could have both formed in a protoplanetary disk with the inner one becoming a superplanet, or the outer planet could have formed in a circumbinary disk. A dynamical analysis of the system

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Bennett, D. P.; Rhie, S. G.; Udalski, A.; Gould, A.; Tsapras, Y.; Kubas, D.; Bond, I. A.; Greenhill, J.; Cassan, A.; Rattenbury, N. J.; Boyajian, T. S.; Luhn, J.; Penny, M. T.; Anderson, J.; Abe, F.; Bhattacharya, A.; Botzler, C. S.; Donachie, M.; Freeman, M.; Fukui, A.; Hirao, Y.; Itow, Y.;

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Doyle, Laurance R.; Deeg, Hans J.; Kozhevnikov, Valerij P.; Oetiker, Brian; Martín, Eduardo L.; Blue, J. Ellen; Rottler, Lee; Stone, Remington P. S.; Ninkov, Zoran; Jenkins, Jon M.; Schneider, Jean; Dunham, Edward W.; Doyle, Moira F.; Paleologou, Efthimious (2000). "Observational Limits on

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system, which comprises two pairs of binary stars separated by around 34 AU. The binary subsystem HD 98800 B, which consists of two stars of 0.70 and 0.58 solar masses in a highly eccentric orbit with semimajor axis 0.983 AU, is surrounded by a complex dust disc that is being warped by the

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Albrow, M. D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Caldwell, J. A. R.; Dominik, M.; Gaudi, B. S.; Gould, A.; Greenhill, J.; Hill, K.; Kane, S.; Martin, R.; Menzies, J.; Naber, R. M.; Pollard, K. R.; Sackett, P. D.; Sahu, K. C.; Vermaak, P.; Watson, R.; Williams, A.; Bond, H. E.; van Bemmel, I. M. (2000).

359:, was claimed to also host a planetary system. The claimed planets have masses at least 8.47 and 19.23 times that of Jupiter respectively, and were proposed to have orbital periods of 9 and 16 years. The proposed outer planet is sufficiently massive that it may be considered to be a 179:

further shows a 5:1 mean motion resonance between the planet and the brown dwarf. These observations raise the question of how this system was formed, but numerical simulations show that a planet formed in a circumbinary disk can migrate inward until it is captured in resonance.

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system, while the planet typically orbits farther from the center of the system than either of the two stars. In contrast, circumstellar planets in a binary system have stable orbits around one of the two stars, closer in than the orbital distance of the other star (see

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Blunt, Sarah; Nielsen, Eric L.; De Rosa, Robert J.; Konopacky, Quinn M.; Ryan, Dominic; Wang, Jason J.; Pueyo, Laurent; Rameau, Julien; Marois, Christian; Marchis, Franck; Macintosh, Bruce; Graham, James R.; Duchêne, Gaspard; Schneider, Adam C. (2017-05-01).

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Schwamb, Megan E.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Carter, Joshua A.; Welsh, William F.; Fischer, Debra A.; Guillermo Torres; Howard, Andrew W.; Crepp, Justin R.; Keel, William C. (2013-01-01). "Planet Hunters: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet in a Quadruple Star System".

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under some definitions of the term, but the discoverers claimed that the orbital configuration implies it would have formed like a planet from a circumbinary disc. Both planets may have accreted additional mass when the primary star lost material during its

126:. The existence of the third body was first reported in 1993, and was suggested to be a planet based on 5 years of observational data. In 2003 the planet was characterised as being 2.5 times the mass of Jupiter in a low eccentricity orbit with a 2723:

Welsh, William F.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Short, Donald R.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Erik Brugamyer; Haghighipour, Nader; Buchhave, Lars A.; Doyle, Laurance R. (2015-01-01). "Kepler 453 b—The 10th Kepler Transiting Circumbinary Planet".

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Bailey, Vanessa; Meshkat, Tiffany; Reiter, Megan; Morzinski, Katie; Males, Jared; Su, Kate Y. L.; Hinz, Philip M.; Kenworthy, Matthew; Stark, Daniel (2014-01-01). "HD 106906 b: A Planetary-mass Companion Outside a Massive Debris Disk".

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Beuermann, K.; Hessman, F. V.; Dreizler, S.; Marsh, T. R.; Parsons, S. G.; Winget, D. E.; Miller, G. F.; Schreiber, M. R.; Kley, W. (2010-10-01). "Two planets orbiting the recently formed post-common envelope binary NN Serpentis".

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Correia, A. C. M.; Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Laskar, J.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; Santos, N. C. (2005). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A pair of planets around HD 202206 or a circumbinary planet?".

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As of June 2016, all but one of the confirmed Kepler circumbinary planets are smaller than Jupiter. This cannot be a selection effect because larger planets are easier to detect. Simulations had predicted this would be the case.

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Matthias; Meyer, Michael; d'Orazi, Valentina; Henning, Thomas; Quanz, Sascha; Kenworthy, Matthew; Carson, Joseph C. (2021). "BEAST begins: Sample characteristics and survey performance of the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study".

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Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Brugamyer, Erik; Buchhave, Lars A.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; MacQueen, Phillip (2012-01-01). "The Neptune-sized Circumbinary Planet Kepler-38b".

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Kostov, V. B.; McCullough, P. R.; Carter, J. A.; Deleuil, M.; Díaz, R. F.; Fabrycky, D. C.; Hébrard, G.; Hinse, T. C.; Mazeh, T. (2014-01-01). "Kepler-413b: A Slightly Misaligned, Neptune-size Transiting Circumbinary Planet".

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Trilling, D. E.; Stansberry, J. A.; Stapelfeldt, K. R.; Rieke, G. H.; Su, K. Y. L.; Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Bryden, G.; Chen, C. H.; Boden, A.; Beichman, C. A. (2007). "Debris disks in main-sequence binary systems".

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Kraus, Adam L.; Ireland, Michael J.; Cieza, Lucas A.; Hinkley, Sasha; Dupuy, Trent J.; Bowler, Brendan P.; Liu, Michael C. (2014-01-01). "Three Wide Planetary-mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B".

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Bennett, D. P.; Rhie, S. H.; Becker, A. C.; Butler, N.; Dann, J.; Kaspi, S.; Leibowitz, E. M.; Lipkin, Y.; Maoz, D.; Mendelson, H.; Peterson, B. A.; Quinn, J.; Shemmer, O.; Thomson, S.; Turner, S. E. (1999).

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Prato, L.; Ghez, A. M.; Piña, R. K.; Telesco, C. M.; Fisher, R. S.; Wizinowich, P.; Lai, O.; Acton, D. S.; Stomski, P. (2001). "Keck Diffraction-limited Imaging of the Young Quadruple Star System HD 98800".

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Circumbinary discs that may indicate processes of planet formation have been found around several stars, and are in fact common around binaries with separations less than 3 AU. One notable example is in the

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Rothermich, Austin; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kuchner, Marc; Allers, Katelyn (2024-03-11).

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Beuermann, K.; Buhlmann, J.; Diese, J.; Dreizler, S.; Hessman, F. V.; Husser, T.-O.; Miller, G. F.; Nickol, N.; Pons, R. (2011-02-01). "The giant planet orbiting the cataclysmic binary DP Leonis".

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of such planets could be habitable. Because of the stellar binarity, the insolation received by the planet will likely be time-varying in a way quite unlike the regular sunlight Earth receives.

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Lagrange, A.-M.; Langlois, M.; Gratton, R.; Maire, A.-L.; Milli, J.; Olofsson, J.; Vigan, A.; Bailey, V.; Mesa, D. (2016-02-01). "A narrow, edge-on disk resolved around HD 106906 with SPHERE".

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Sigurðsson, Steinn; Richer, Harvey B.; Hansen, Brad M.; Stairs, Ingrid H.; Thorsett, Stephen E. (2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation".

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Kostov, Veselin B.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Cochran, William D. (2015-12-01).

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Lee, Jae Woo; Kim, Seung-Lee; Kim, Chun-Hwey; Koch, Robert H.; Lee, Chung-Uk; Kim, Ho-Il; Park, Jang-Ho (2009). "The sdB+M Eclipsing System HW Virginis and its Circumbinary Planets".

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Qian, S.-B.; Zhu, L.-Y.; Dai, Z.-B.; Fernández-Lajús, E.; Xiang, F.-Y.; He, J.-J. (2012-01-01). "Circumbinary Planets Orbiting the Rapidly Pulsating Subdwarf B-type Binary NY Vir".

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Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A.; Kratter, Kaitlin M.; Mann, Andrew W.; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Kraus, Adam L.; Best, William M. J. (2018-08-01).

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Wu, Ya-Lin; Bowler, Brendan P.; Sheehan, Patrick D.; Close, Laird M.; Eisner, Joshua A.; Best, William M. J.; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Zhu, Zhaohuan; Kraus, Adam L. (2022-05-01).

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Couetdic, J.; Laskar, J.; Correia, A. C. M.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S. (2010-09-01). "Dynamical stability analysis of the HD 202206 system and constraints to the planetary orbits".

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All Kepler circumbinary planets that were known as of August 2013 orbit their stars very close to the plane of the binary (in a prograde direction) which suggests a single-

1861:, often cannot fully explain the observations either, so the true cause of these variations remains unclear. Some of these proposed planets are listed in the table below. 247:. It is located in the stars' habitable zone, and it orbits the star system in 1107 days, which makes it the longest period of any confirmed transiting exoplanet so far. 6754: 6749: 5493: 4624:

Currie, Thayne; Burrows, Adam; Daemgen, Sebastian (2014-01-01). "A First-look Atmospheric Modeling Study of the Young Directly Imaged Planet-mass Companion, ROXs 42Bb".

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gravitational effects of the mutually-inclined and eccentric stellar orbits. The other binary subsystem, HD 98800 A, is not associated with significant amounts of dust.

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Typical configuration of circumbinary planetary systems (not to scale), in which A and B are the primary and secondary star, while ABb denotes the circumbinary planet

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Akeson, R. L.; Rice, W. K. M.; Boden, A. F.; Sargent, A. I.; Carpenter, J. M.; Bryden, G. (2007). "The Circumbinary Disk of HD 98800B: Evidence for Disk Warping".

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about 3–8 times the binary period. The innermost planets in all the Kepler circumbinary systems have been found orbiting close to this radius. The planets have

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companions, but the claims were later retracted, as it turned out the detection could be better explained by the orbital motion of the binary stars themselves.

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Delorme, P.; Gagné, J.; Girard, J. H.; Lagrange, A. M.; Chauvin, G.; Naud, M. -E.; Lafrenière, D.; Doyon, R.; Riedel, A.; Bonnefoy, M.; Malo, L. (2013-05-01).

1857:, but most of these claims have been challenged as planetary models often fail to predict future changes in eclipse timing. Other proposed causes, such as the 6648: 6231: 541:

allowing the stars to orbit so closely. One exception is the planet around an X-ray binary MXB 1658-298, which has an orbital period of 7.1 hours.

6964: 5916: 537:). The short-period binaries are unlikely to have formed in such a tight orbit and their lack of planets may be related to the mechanism that removed 384:

results indicate circumbinary planetary systems are relatively common (as of October 2013 the spacecraft had found seven planets out of roughly 1000

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Most Kepler eclipsing binaries have periods less than 1 day but the shortest period of a Kepler eclipsing binary hosting a planet is 7.4 days (

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Orosz, J. A.; Welsh, W. F.; Carter, J. A.; Fabrycky, D. C.; Cochran, W. D.; Endl, M.; Ford, E. B.; Haghighipour, N.; MacQueen, P. J. (2012-09-21).

2189: 7117: 4980:"The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the β Pic Moving Group" 7092: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6665: 5827: 3990:

Qian, S.-B.; Liao, W.-P.; Zhu, L.-Y.; Dai, Z.-B. (2010-01-01). "Detection of a Giant Extrasolar Planet Orbiting the Eclipsing Polar DP Leo".

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Welsh, William F.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (April 2014). "Recent Kepler Results On Circumbinary Planets".

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There is a wide range of stellar configurations for which circumbinary planets can exist. Primary star masses range from 0.69 to 1.53

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Pierens, Arnaud; Nelson, Richard P. (2024). "Thermal structure of circumbinary discs: Circumbinary planets should be icy not rocky".

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Terrestrial-sized Inner Planets around the CM Draconis System Using the Photometric Transit Method with a Matched-Filter Algorithm".

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Lindsay imagines that Arcturus is a binary system made up of the stars Branchspell and Alppain, and orbited by the planet Tormance.

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Jung, Youn Kil; et al. (2013). "Reanalysis of the Gravitational Microlensing Event MACHO-97-BLG-41 Based on Combined Data".

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of Kepler-413b's spin axis might vary by as much as 30 degrees over 11 years, leading to rapid and erratic changes in seasons.

239:, was announced on June 13, 2016. It was discovered using the Kepler telescope. The planet is a gas giant, similar in size to 6861: 6498: 292: 89:). Studies in 2013 showed that there is a strong hint that a circumbinary planet and its stars originate from a single disk. 7236: 7087: 6734: 6689: 38: 7148: 4500:"Orbits for the Impatient: A Bayesian Rejection-sampling Method for Quickly Fitting the Orbits of Long-period Exoplanets" 6724: 5489:"Eclipse timing variations in post-common envelope binaries: Are they a reliable indicator of circumbinary companions?" 7067: 6866: 1854: 6900: 6895: 6885: 6643: 6303: 5270:"89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project" 4868:

Koshimoto, N.; Li, M. C. A.; Ling, C. H.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Muraki, Y.; Nagakane, M.; et al. (2016).

448: = 0.521) around each other and their interaction with the planet is strong enough that a deviation from 7130: 6880: 6568: 6558: 6553: 6538: 6533: 6333: 6217: 3666:

Lines, S.; Leinhardt, Z. M.; Paardekooper, S.; Baruteau, C.; Thebault, P. (2014). "FORMING CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS:

2957: 2694: 7226: 6890: 6835: 6696: 6503: 6483: 6243: 5886: 4562:"Direct-imaging discovery of a 12-14 Jupiter-mass object orbiting a young binary system of very low-mass stars" 2331:. Formation, Detection, and Characterization of Extrasolar Habitable Planets. Vol. 293. pp. 125–132. 7112: 7072: 6815: 6739: 6313: 5851: 3715:

Pierens, A.; Nelson, R. P. (2008). "On the formation and migration of giant planets in circumbinary discs".

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The minimum stable star to circumbinary planet separation is about 2–4 times the binary star separation, or

424:). The distribution of planet eccentricities, range from nearly circular e=0.007 to a significant e=0.182 ( 6825: 6706: 6318: 6268: 2300:

Planets have been detected about 55ρ1 Cancri, τ Bootis, and 16 Cygni B, all of which have companion stars.

2155: 1484: 381: 188: 7231: 6794: 6438: 6338: 6172: 2161: 4218:

Welsh, William F.; et al. (2012). "Transiting circumbinary planets Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b".

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Simulations show that it is likely that all of the circumbinary planets known prior to a 2014 study

7210: 6875: 6423: 6403: 6358: 6328: 6137: 5931: 3136: 2217: 2195:, the circumbinary planet Magrathea is described as the "most improbable planet that ever existed". 1858: 518: 494: 469: 461: 275:, around 6.9 times as large as Earth and 1,300 light years away, was announced on January 6, 2020. 191:, announced the first partial-eclipse-based discovery of a circumbinary planet. The planet, called 1841:

was once thought to be planetary-mass, but has been shown to be a low-mass star of about 0.1

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Backer, D.C. (1993). "A pulsar timing tutorial and NRAO Green Bank observations of PSR 1257+12".

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Holman, Matthew J.; Wiegert, Paul A. (1999). "Long-Term Stability of Planets in Binary Systems".

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Qian, S.-B.; Liu, L.; Zhu, L.-Y.; Dai, Z.-B.; Lajús, E. Fernández; Baume, G. L. (2012-05-01).

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in orbit around the pair whose gravitational effects maintain the eccentricity of the binary.

304: 131: 3506: 2816:"Indication of a massive circumbinary planet orbiting the low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1658-298" 521:

might become inefficient near the critical radius, leaving planets just outside this radius.

7162: 7107: 7097: 6845: 6525: 6458: 6408: 6298: 6288: 6212: 6142: 6127: 5926: 5763: 5734:"A circumbinary planet in orbit around the short-period white dwarf eclipsing binary RR Cae" 5695: 5640: 5575: 5571: 5520: 5467: 5400: 5346: 5299: 5208: 5204: 5128: 5099:"A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf and a couple of new mid-T dwarfs from the UKIDSS DR5+ LAS" 5069: 5009: 4958: 4899: 4839: 4774: 4770: 4713: 4651: 4591: 4587: 4529: 4463: 4390: 4318: 4253: 4245: 4185: 4136: 4071: 4007: 3956: 3952: 3887: 3838: 3834: 3791: 3742: 3738: 3697: 3638: 3568: 3477: 3420: 3346: 3290: 3231: 3178: 3109: 3052: 2984: 2924: 2897: 2892: 2845: 2751: 2643: 2588: 2584: 2532: 2528: 2465: 2418: 2394: 2350: 2283: 538: 449: 344: 322:

ought to have circularised the orbit. This may indicate the presence of a massive planet or

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The first circumbinary planet around a main sequence star was found in 2005 in the system

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Kuzuhara, M.; Tamura, M.; Ishii, M.; Kudo, T.; Nishiyama, S.; Kandori, R. (2011-04-01).

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Planet was discovered in 2014, but the binarity of the host star was discovered in 2016.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6448: 6443: 6293: 6248: 6157: 3858:"A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation" 3424: 3113: 1902: 1889: 1780: 712: 680: 667: 565: 510: 204: 127: 43: 5699: 4904: 4869: 4655: 4467: 4189: 4044:

Laurance R. Doyle; et al. (2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet".

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Several attempts have been made to detect planets around the eclipsing binary system

291:, a young system in the constellation Scorpius. The image of the disk was taken with 5595: 5420: 4913: 4853: 4810:"Kepler-1647b: the largest and longest-period Kepler transiting circumbinary planet" 4483: 4418: 3915: 3491: 3432: 3372: 3190: 3064: 2771: 2544: 2485: 517:

that lie between 1.09 and 1.46 times this critical radius. The reason could be that

307:, were announced in 1999. The planet was said to be in a wide orbit around the two 7174: 6729: 6714: 6608: 6598: 6490: 6413: 6182: 6162: 6152: 6050: 5986: 5609:

Lee, Jae Woo; Hinse, Tobias Cornelius; Youn, Jae-Hyuck; Han, Wonyong (2014-12-11).

5436:"An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C" 4794: 4273: 3358: 3243: 3121: 2996: 2953:"Detection of Rotation in a Binary Microlens: PLANET Photometry of MACHO 97-BLG-41" 1970: 1921: 1743: 1433: 707: 319: 300: 260: 244: 236: 166: 157: 108: 47: 5579: 5212: 4778: 4596: 4561: 3960: 3842: 3746: 3609:"Uncovering Circumbinary Planetary Architectural Properties from Selection Biases" 3505:

Johnson, Michele; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray; Harrington, J.D. (4 February 2014).

2814:

Jain, Chetana; Paul, Biswajit; Sharma, Rahul; Jaleel, Abdul; Dutta, Anjan (2017).

2592: 2295: 1853:

Many circumbinary planets have been claimed based on eclipse timing variations in

5817: 5234: 2536: 6655: 6603: 6548: 6543: 6433: 6428: 6398: 6368: 6363: 6323: 6278: 6273: 6202: 6187: 6177: 6122: 6066: 6061: 6027: 6012: 6007: 6001: 3448:"A dynamical analysis of the proposed circumbinary HW Virginis planetary system" 3079: 2019: 1686: 1428: 1392: 1336: 1301: 792: 753: 465: 464:

formation. However, not all circumbinary planets are co-planar with the binary:

360: 348: 323: 315: 256: 224: 212: 175: 147: 116: 81: 55: 5611:"The pulsating sdB+M eclipsing system NY Virginis and its circumbinary planets" 5472: 5435: 5304: 5269: 5074: 5014: 4979: 4929:"Evidence for a planetary mass third body orbiting the binary star KIC 5095269" 4534: 4499: 4166:"The Widest-separation Substellar Companion Candidate to a Binary T Tauri Star" 4141: 4106: 243:

which makes it the second largest circumbinary planet ever discovered, next to

6626: 6393: 6167: 6091: 6017: 5996: 5799: 4870:"The First Circumbinary Planet Found by Microlensing: OGLE-2007-BLG-349L(AB)c" 2354: 2150: 1842: 1792: 1787: 1641: 1387: 1331: 1115: 1067: 1023: 973: 923: 842: 498: 482: 397: 288: 272: 192: 5777: 5707: 5654: 5587: 5525: 5488: 5412: 5142: 5097:

Goldman, B.; Marsat, S.; Henning, T.; Clemens, C.; Greiner, J. (2010-06-01).

5040:"Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System" 5023: 4786: 4725: 4663: 4605: 4543: 4475: 4402: 4330: 4197: 4150: 4019: 3968: 3899: 3580: 3010: 2763: 2600: 6583: 6573: 6076: 6071: 6037: 6022: 5911: 5645: 5610: 4394: 4075: 3891: 2850: 2815: 2469: 2182: 2165: 2135: 1738: 1636: 1296: 1260: 1204: 1062: 1018: 968: 918: 837: 787: 748: 534: 429: 425: 421: 417: 409: 401: 365: 356: 308: 153: 146:: a Jupiter-size planet orbiting a system composed of a Sun-like star and a 143: 123: 62: 17: 4963: 4928: 4410: 4265: 4083: 3907: 3796: 3761: 2477: 564:

All the Kepler circumbinary planets are either close to or actually in the

497:

significantly from their formation location with the possible exception of

263:(LMXB) system was found by the method of periodic delay in X-ray eclipses. 6593: 6466: 3874: 3333: 3165: 3039: 2971: 2911: 2519: 2452: 2270: 2142: 2052: 1255: 331: 4257: 4249: 585:

the transit probability in a finite observation time has been obtained.

6478: 283: 240: 5487:

Pulley, D.; Sharp, I. D.; Mallett, J.; von Harrach, S. (August 2022).

4107:"ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c" 3446:

Horner, J.; Wittenmyer, R. A.; Marshall, J. P.; Tinney, C. G. (2012).

2624:"On the evolution of giant protoplanets forming in circumbinary discs" 107:

The first confirmed circumbinary planet was found orbiting the system

6789: 6117: 5941: 5876: 2202:, the titular planet orbits a binary system of a red and a blue star. 2127: 73: 51: 2952: 7169: 5507: 5454: 5286: 5195: 5056: 4996: 4945: 4886: 4826: 4761: 4516: 4123: 3825: 3778: 3625: 3350: 3235: 3182: 3056: 2988: 2866:"GMS: TESS Satellite Discovered Its First World Orbiting Two Stars" 2832: 2423: 2398: 2287: 5750: 5682: 5627: 5562: 5387: 5333: 5115: 4700: 4638: 4578: 4450: 4377: 4305: 4232: 4058: 3943: 3729: 3684: 3555: 3464: 3407: 3277: 3218: 3096: 2928: 2865: 2738: 2575: 2399:"PSR B1620-26 - A binary radio pulsar with a planetary companion?" 2337: 573: 444:

The binary stars Kepler-34 A and B have a highly eccentric orbit (

282: 37: 29: 3511: 2372:. Pasadena: California Institute of Technology. pp. 11–18. 2168:

as in a binary system, but possibly in a non-circumbinary orbit.

1873: 1165: 1160: 651: 208: 77: 5840: 686: 605: 593:

Circumbinary planets should preferentially be icy, not rocky.

413: 405: 5836: 227:, a circumbinary planet with orbital period of 240.5 days. 5738:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

3762:"Circumbinary planets – why they are so likely to transit" 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 1830:

The claimed circumbinary planet in the microlensing event

187:

On 15 September 2011, astronomers, using data from NASA's

156:

is a Sun-like star orbited by two objects, one of 17

7078:

Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer

4927:

Getley, A. K.; Carter, B.; King, R.; O'Toole, S. (2017).

4361:"Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multiplanet System" 1863: 641: 2786:"New Planet Is Largest Discovered That Orbits Two Suns" 7146: 5235:"The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — GJ 900 (ABC)b" 5038:

B.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Lissauer, Jack J. (16 April 2019).

2154:, a binary system with such a planet is featured in 80:

instead of one. The two stars orbit each other in a

7055: 6844: 6803: 6705: 6617: 6524: 6457: 6230: 6110: 6036: 5962: 5949: 5904: 2329:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

5434:Wu, Ya-Lin; Sheehan, Patrick D. (September 2017). 6755:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 6750:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 5615:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 5494:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 5103:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 4933:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 3766:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 3452:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 3264:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2820:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2628:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529:Absence of planets around shorter period binaries 211:(Planet Hunters 1 b), a circumbinary planet in a 6374:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 2556: 2554: 416:), and binary eccentricity from 0.023 to 0.521 ( 223:In 2015, astronomers confirmed the existence of 2131:series, the planet orbits a binary star system. 4430: 4428: 3607:Li, Gongjie; Holman, Matt; Tao, Molei (2016). 2389: 2387: 5852: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4285: 4283: 4039: 4037: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 2677:"Kepler uncovers planet orbiting two stars", 8: 2718: 2716: 2714: 5727: 5725: 2809: 2807: 525:well as the dominance of planet migration. 27:Planet that orbits two stars instead of one 5959: 5859: 5845: 5837: 5917:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters 5822:. Springer Science & Business Media. 5767: 5749: 5681: 5644: 5626: 5561: 5524: 5506: 5471: 5453: 5386: 5332: 5303: 5285: 5194: 5132: 5114: 5073: 5055: 5013: 4995: 4962: 4944: 4903: 4885: 4843: 4825: 4760: 4699: 4637: 4595: 4577: 4533: 4515: 4449: 4376: 4304: 4231: 4140: 4122: 4057: 3942: 3873: 3824: 3795: 3777: 3728: 3683: 3642: 3624: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3554: 3481: 3463: 3406: 3332: 3294: 3276: 3217: 3164: 3095: 3038: 2970: 2910: 2849: 2831: 2737: 2647: 2574: 2518: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2451: 2422: 2397:; Arzoumanian, Z.; Taylor, J. H. (1993). 2336: 2269: 408:Aa), star mass ratios from 1.03 to 3.76 ( 174:. The classification of HD 202206 b as a 6785:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 2178:, the planets orbit Lylat and Solar (an 2107:Circumbinary planets are common in many 505:Semi-major axes close to critical radius 7153: 5800:"The Doctor Who Transcripts - Gridlock" 2248: 2229: 3760:Martin, David; Triaud, Amaury (2015). 3259:"HD 98800: a most unusual debris disc" 7093:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets 5263: 5261: 3257:Verrier, P. E.; Evans, N. W. (2008). 3078:Morales, Juan Carlos; Ribas, Ignasi; 2788:. NASA. June 13, 2016. Archived from 2695:"PH1: A planet in a four-star system" 7: 6775:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 6765:Habitability of neutron star systems 452:is noticeable after just one orbit. 7118:Sudarsky's gas giant classification 6745:Habitability of binary star systems 3507:"Kepler Finds a Very Wobbly Planet" 3137:"Worlds with Double Sunsets Common" 560:Habitability of binary star systems 87:Habitability of binary star systems 7103:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 6760:Habitability of natural satellites 299:Claims of a planet discovered via 25: 6770:Habitability of red dwarf systems 5670:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 5441:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 5321:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 4688:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 3992:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 3670:-BODY SIMULATIONS OF KEPLER-34". 2403:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1550:Periodic delay in X-ray eclipses 436:with the binary have been found. 303:, orbiting the close binary pair 7204: 7192: 7180: 7168: 7156: 6867:Stars with proto-planetary discs 6831:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database 6821:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 6309:Extraterrestrial sample curation 5940: 5769:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01228.x 5240:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 5134:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16524.x 3483:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22046.x 3296:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13854.x 2649:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06929.x 2191:Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy 2145:orbits in a close binary system. 1850:, forming a triple star system. 610: 6780:Habitable zone for complex life 6218:Ultra-short period planet (USP) 5922:Methods of detecting exoplanets 6961:Discovered exoplanets by year 5819:Planets in Binary Star Systems 1837:The circumbinary companion to 602:Confirmed circumbinary planets 42:An artist's impression of the 1: 7088:Extrasolar planets in fiction 6735:Extraterrestrial liquid water 3856:Sigurdsson, S. (2003-07-11). 1855:post-common envelope binaries 287:The circumbinary disk around 7108:Planets in globular clusters 6725:Circumstellar habitable zone 4749:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3931:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3717:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3425:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3181 3114:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1400 597:List of circumbinary planets 93:Observations and discoveries 7068:Exoplanet naming convention 6178:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary 5816:Nader Haghighipour (2010). 5700:10.1088/2041-8205/745/2/L23 5580:10.1051/0004-6361/201015472 5213:10.1051/0004-6361/202039683 4905:10.3847/0004-6256/152/5/125 4779:10.1051/0004-6361/201527264 4656:10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/104 4597:10.1051/0004-6361/201321169 4468:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/127 4190:10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/119 4012:10.1088/2041-8205/708/1/L66 3961:10.1051/0004-6361/201015942 3843:10.1051/0004-6361/202449237 3747:10.1051/0004-6361:200809453 3702:10.1088/2041-8205/782/1/L11 2693:chrislintott (2012-10-15). 2622:Nelson, Richard P. (2003). 2593:10.1051/0004-6361/200913635 58:star and is located in the 46:orbiting the binary system 7253: 6304:Extraterrestrial materials 5938: 5550:Astronomy and Astrophysics 5405:10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/20 5351:10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L7 5183:Astronomy and Astrophysics 4845:10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/86 4718:10.1088/2041-8205/780/1/L4 4566:Astronomy and Astrophysics 4548:68 % confidence range 4323:10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/87 3813:Astronomy and Astrophysics 3644:10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/96 3573:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/14 3373:"Definition of a "Planet"" 2756:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/26 2563:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2537:10.1051/0004-6361:20042376 2507:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2164:" also depicts the planet 557: 203:In 2012 volunteers of the 7131:Discoveries of exoplanets 7126: 6334:Interplanetary dust cloud 5872: 5375:The Astrophysical Journal 4814:The Astrophysical Journal 4626:The Astrophysical Journal 4438:The Astrophysical Journal 4293:The Astrophysical Journal 4111:The Astrophysical Journal 3672:The Astrophysical Journal 3613:The Astrophysical Journal 3543:The Astrophysical Journal 3321:The Astrophysical Journal 3206:The Astrophysical Journal 3153:The Astrophysical Journal 3084:The Astrophysical Journal 3027:The Astrophysical Journal 2958:The Astrophysical Journal 2726:The Astrophysical Journal 2355:10.1017/S1743921313012684 619:This section needs to be 473:multi-planetary systems. 6836:Open Exoplanet Catalogue 6811:Nearby Habitable Systems 6697:Transit-timing variation 5473:10.3847/2041-8213/aa8771 5305:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e 5274:The Astronomical Journal 5075:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0 5044:The Astronomical Journal 5015:10.3847/1538-3881/aacbc2 4984:The Astronomical Journal 4874:The Astronomical Journal 4535:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6930 4504:The Astronomical Journal 4170:The Astronomical Journal 4142:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6420 3395:The Astronomical Journal 2961:(Submitted manuscript). 2901:(Submitted manuscript). 2662:Doyle, Laurance, et al. 2258:The Astronomical Journal 2096:Eclipsing binary timing 2047:Eclipsing binary timing 2014:Eclipsing binary timing 1965:Eclipsing binary timing 1597:Eclipsing binary timing 832:Eclipsing binary timing 7113:Small planet radius gap 6816:Exoplanet Data Explorer 6740:Galactic habitable zone 6314:Giant-impact hypothesis 5572:2010A&A...521L..60B 5205:2021A&A...646A.164J 4771:2016A&A...586L...8L 4588:2013A&A...553L...5D 4395:10.1126/science.1228380 4076:10.1126/science.1210923 3953:2011A&A...526A..53B 3892:10.1126/science.1086326 3835:2024A&A...686A.103P 3739:2008A&A...483..633P 3135:Ker Than (2007-03-07). 2585:2010A&A...519A..10C 2529:2005A&A...440..751C 2470:10.1126/science.1086326 1826:Unconfirmed or Doubtful 343:Announced in 2008, the 7073:Exoplanet phase curves 6911:Terrestrial candidates 6862:Multiplanetary systems 6826:NASA Exoplanet Archive 6509:Mean-motion resonances 6319:Gravitational collapse 6269:Circumstellar envelope 5526:10.1093/mnras/stac1676 5161:www.exoplanetkyoto.org 2683:, January 2012, p. 23. 2370:Planets around Pulsars 382:Kepler space telescope 376:System characteristics 296: 271:A large planet called 189:Kepler space telescope 119:and is located in the 65: 35: 6948:Potentially habitable 6853:Exoplanetary systems 6795:Superhabitable planet 6554:F/Yellow-white dwarfs 6439:Sample-return mission 6339:Interplanetary medium 5646:10.1093/mnras/stu1937 2851:10.1093/mnrasl/slx039 477:Axial tilt precession 392:Stellar configuration 286: 261:low-mass X-ray binary 235:A new planet, called 213:quadruple star system 41: 33: 7237:Circumbinary planets 7083:Extragalactic planet 7063:Carl Sagan Institute 6344:Interplanetary space 6259:Circumplanetary disk 5932:Planet-hosting stars 4964:10.1093/mnras/stx604 3797:10.1093/mnras/stv121 2668:, 16 September 2011. 2213:List of planet types 2118:A Voyage to Arcturus 1834:has been disproven. 255:A massive planet or 165:and one of 2.4 6424:Protoplanetary disk 6404:Planetary migration 6359:Interstellar medium 6138:Circumtriple planet 6133:Circumbinary planet 5760:2012MNRAS.422L..24Q 5692:2012ApJ...745L..23Q 5637:2014MNRAS.445.2331L 5517:2022MNRAS.514.5725P 5464:2017ApJ...846L..26W 5397:2014ApJ...781...20K 5343:2013ApJ...768L...7J 5296:2024AJ....167..253R 5125:2010MNRAS.405.1140G 5066:2019AJ....157..174O 5006:2018AJ....156...57D 4955:2017MNRAS.468.2932G 4896:2016AJ....152..125B 4836:2016ApJ...827...86K 4710:2014ApJ...780L...4B 4648:2014ApJ...787..104C 4526:2017AJ....153..229B 4460:2013ApJ...768..127S 4387:2012Sci...337.1511O 4371:(6101): 1511–1514. 4315:2012ApJ...758...87O 4250:10.1038/nature10768 4242:2012Natur.481..475W 4182:2011AJ....141..119K 4133:2022ApJ...930L...3W 4068:2011Sci...333.1602D 4004:2010ApJ...708L..66Q 3884:2003Sci...301..193S 3788:2015MNRAS.449..781M 3694:2014ApJ...782L..11L 3635:2016ApJ...831...96L 3565:2014ApJ...784...14K 3474:2012MNRAS.427.2812H 3417:2009AJ....137.3181L 3343:2001ApJ...549..590P 3287:2008MNRAS.390.1377V 3228:2007ApJ...670.1240A 3175:2007ApJ...658.1289T 3106:2009ApJ...691.1400M 3049:2000ApJ...535..338D 2981:2000ApJ...534..894A 2921:1999Natur.402...57B 2842:2017MNRAS.468L.118J 2748:2015ApJ...809...26W 2640:2003MNRAS.345..233N 2462:2003Sci...301..193S 2415:1993ApJ...412L..33T 2378:1993ASPC...36...11B 2347:2014IAUS..293..125W 2280:1999AJ....117..621H 2218:Circumtriple planet 2198:In Stanislaw Lem's 2115:In David Lindsay's 1859:Applegate mechanism 580:Transit probability 570:terrestrial planets 568:. None of them are 207:project discovered 111:, which contains a 70:circumbinary planet 50:, which contains a 6389:Nebular hypothesis 6364:Interstellar space 6349:Interstellar cloud 6329:Internal structure 6264:Circumstellar disc 434:orbital resonances 386:eclipsing binaries 297: 279:Other observations 113:millisecond pulsar 66: 36: 7144: 7143: 6720:Astrooceanography 6354:Interstellar dust 6226: 6225: 6102:Ultra-hot Neptune 6097:Ultra-hot Jupiter 6046:Eccentric Jupiter 5896:Planetary science 5829:978-90-481-8687-7 5245:Paris Observatory 3868:(5630): 193–196. 3011:"The TEP network" 2870:svs.gsfc.nasa.gov 2446:(5630): 193–196. 2100: 2099: 1916:Discovery method 1899: 1886: 1832:MACHO-1997-BLG-41 1823: 1822: 1602:2MASS J0249–0557 1480:OGLE-2007-BLG-349 702:Discovery method 690: 677: 664: 640: 639: 545:Planet size limit 305:MACHO-1997-BLG-41 98:Confirmed planets 16:(Redirected from 7244: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7173: 7172: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7152: 7098:Neptunian desert 6484:Tidally detached 6419:Planet formation 6409:Planetary system 6299:Exozodiacal dust 6289:Disrupted planet 6213:Ultra-cool dwarf 6143:Disrupted planet 6128:Chthonian planet 5960: 5944: 5927:Planetary system 5861: 5854: 5847: 5838: 5833: 5804: 5803: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5771: 5753: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5685: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5648: 5630: 5621:(3): 2331–2339. 5606: 5600: 5599: 5565: 5544: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5510: 5501:(4): 5725–5738. 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5457: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5390: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5336: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5289: 5265: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5198: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5136: 5118: 5109:(2): 1140–1152. 5094: 5088: 5087: 5077: 5059: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5017: 4999: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4948: 4939:(3): 2932–2937. 4924: 4918: 4917: 4907: 4889: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4847: 4829: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4764: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4703: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4641: 4621: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4581: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4537: 4519: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4453: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4380: 4356: 4343: 4342: 4308: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4235: 4215: 4202: 4201: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4144: 4126: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4061: 4052:(6049): 1602–6. 4041: 4032: 4031: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3946: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3877: 3875:astro-ph/0307339 3853: 3847: 3846: 3828: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3781: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3732: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3687: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3646: 3628: 3604: 3593: 3592: 3558: 3537: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3485: 3467: 3458:(4): 2812–2823. 3443: 3437: 3436: 3410: 3401:(2): 3181–3190. 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3336: 3334:astro-ph/0011135 3315: 3309: 3308: 3298: 3280: 3271:(4): 1377–1387. 3254: 3248: 3247: 3221: 3212:(2): 1240–1246. 3201: 3195: 3194: 3168: 3166:astro-ph/0612029 3159:(2): 1264–1288. 3147: 3141: 3140: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3099: 3090:(2): 1400–1411. 3075: 3069: 3068: 3042: 3040:astro-ph/0001177 3021: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2974: 2972:astro-ph/9910307 2947: 2941: 2940: 2914: 2912:astro-ph/9908038 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2872:. 6 January 2020 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2835: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2792:on June 16, 2016 2782: 2776: 2775: 2741: 2720: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2690: 2684: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2578: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2522: 2520:astro-ph/0411512 2501: 2490: 2489: 2455: 2453:astro-ph/0307339 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2391: 2382: 2381: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2340: 2324: 2303: 2302: 2273: 2271:astro-ph/9809315 2253: 2237: 2234: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2039: 2037: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1991: 1984: 1982: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1893: 1877: 1864: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1772: 1770: 1763: 1761: 1754: 1752: 1673: 1671: 1664: 1662: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1589: 1587: 1580: 1578: 1571: 1569: 1559: 1558: 1539: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1518: 1517: 1495: 1493: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1451: 1444: 1442: 1415: 1413: 1406: 1404: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1312: 1310: 1280: 1278: 1271: 1269: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1177: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1135: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1078: 1076: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1005: 1004: 1003: 993: 991: 984: 982: 955: 954: 953: 943: 941: 934: 932: 899: 897: 874: 873: 872: 862: 860: 853: 851: 824: 822: 819: 812: 810: 803: 801: 782:Radial velocity 774: 772: 768: 735: 734: 723: 721: 684: 671: 655: 642: 635: 632: 626: 614: 613: 606: 539:angular momentum 440:Orbital dynamics 345:eclipsing binary 121:globular cluster 76:that orbits two 60:globular cluster 21: 7252: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7227:Types of planet 7217: 7216: 7215: 7205: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7147: 7145: 7140: 7136:Search projects 7122: 7051: 6840: 6799: 6701: 6673:Radial velocity 6613: 6569:K/Orange dwarfs 6559:G/Yellow dwarfs 6520: 6514:Titius–Bode law 6453: 6384:Molecular cloud 6284:Detached object 6235: 6233: 6222: 6208:Toroidal planet 6198:Sub-brown dwarf 6106: 6032: 6004:(Super-Mercury) 5977:Coreless planet 5953: 5951: 5945: 5936: 5900: 5868: 5865: 5830: 5815: 5812: 5810:Further reading 5807: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5546: 5545: 5534: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5165: 5163: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5036: 5035: 5031: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4623: 4622: 4613: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4358: 4357: 4346: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4226:(7382): 475–9. 4217: 4216: 4205: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4043: 4042: 4035: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3606: 3605: 3596: 3539: 3538: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2905:(6757): 57–59. 2889: 2888: 2884: 2875: 2873: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2813: 2812: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2722: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2676: 2672: 2661: 2657: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2560: 2559: 2552: 2503: 2502: 2493: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2395:Thorsett, S. E. 2393: 2392: 2385: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2326: 2325: 2306: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2209: 2109:science fiction 2105: 2084: 2080: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2062: 2060: 2035: 2033: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1989: 1987: 1980: 1978: 1953: 1949: 1947: 1940: 1938: 1931: 1929: 1892: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1848: 1845: 1828: 1819:Direct imaging 1806: 1804: 1803: 1768: 1766: 1759: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1708:Direct imaging 1669: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1631:Direct imaging 1613: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1585: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1567: 1565: 1556: 1555: 1535: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1515: 1514: 1491: 1489: 1462: 1458: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1411: 1409: 1402: 1400: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1358: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1308: 1306: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1265: 1250:Direct imaging 1238: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1214: 1212: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1175: 1173: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1131: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1083: 1081: 1074: 1072: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1033: 1031: 1001: 999: 998: 996: 989: 987: 980: 978: 951: 949: 948: 946: 939: 937: 930: 928: 913:Direct imaging 895: 893: 870: 868: 867: 865: 858: 856: 849: 847: 820: 817: 815: 808: 806: 799: 797: 770: 766: 764: 732: 730: 719: 717: 683: 670: 662: 659: 654: 636: 630: 627: 624: 615: 611: 604: 599: 591: 582: 562: 556: 547: 531: 515:semi-major axes 507: 499:Kepler-47 (AB)c 491: 479: 458: 442: 394: 378: 353:subdwarf B star 351:, comprising a 341: 281: 269: 253: 233: 221: 201: 199:PH1 (Kepler-64) 185: 172: 163: 140: 105: 100: 95: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7250: 7248: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7201: 7189: 7177: 7165: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6850: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6685:Transit method 6682: 6681: 6680: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6658: 6653: 6652: 6651: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6632:Direct imaging 6629: 6623: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6449:Star formation 6446: 6444:Scattered disc 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6294:Excretion disk 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6249:Accretion disk 6246: 6240: 6238: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6158:Eyeball planet 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5957: 5947: 5946: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5828: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5791: 5744:(1): L24–L27. 5721: 5660: 5601: 5532: 5479: 5426: 5364: 5311: 5257: 5226: 5172: 5148: 5089: 5029: 4970: 4919: 4859: 4800: 4739: 4677: 4611: 4552: 4489: 4424: 4344: 4279: 4203: 4156: 4097: 4033: 3982: 3921: 3848: 3803: 3772:(1): 781–793. 3752: 3723:(2): 633–642. 3707: 3658: 3594: 3525: 3497: 3438: 3385: 3364: 3351:10.1086/319061 3327:(1): 590–598. 3310: 3249: 3236:10.1086/522579 3196: 3183:10.1086/511668 3142: 3127: 3070: 3057:10.1086/308830 3033:(1): 338–349. 3016: 3002: 2989:10.1086/308798 2965:(2): 894–906. 2942: 2882: 2857: 2803: 2777: 2710: 2699:Planet Hunters 2685: 2670: 2655: 2634:(1): 233–242. 2614: 2550: 2513:(2): 751–758. 2491: 2430: 2424:10.1086/186933 2409:(1): L33–L36. 2383: 2360: 2304: 2288:10.1086/300695 2264:(1): 621–628. 2247: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2196: 2186: 2169: 2148:In the series 2146: 2132: 2123: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2007: 1994: 1985: 1976: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1903:Orbital period 1900: 1890:Semimajor axis 1887: 1882: 1879: 1871: 1868: 1846: 1843: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781:Direct imaging 1778: 1775: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1644: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1560: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1531: 1522: 1519: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1454: 1445: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1407: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1363: 1351: 1339: 1334: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1304: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1272: 1263: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1231: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1180: 1171: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1136: 1127: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1088: 1079: 1070: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1038: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1006: 994: 985: 976: 971: 965: 964: 961: 958: 956: 944: 935: 926: 921: 915: 914: 911: 908: 906: 903: 900: 891: 888: 884: 883: 880: 877: 875: 863: 854: 845: 840: 834: 833: 830: 827: 825: 813: 804: 795: 790: 784: 783: 780: 777: 775: 762: 759: 756: 751: 745: 744: 743:Pulsar timing 741: 738: 736: 727: 724: 715: 710: 704: 703: 700: 697: 691: 681:Orbital period 678: 668:Semimajor axis 665: 660: 657: 649: 646: 638: 637: 618: 616: 609: 603: 600: 598: 595: 590: 587: 581: 578: 566:habitable zone 558:Main article: 555: 552: 546: 543: 530: 527: 511:orbital period 506: 503: 490: 487: 478: 475: 457: 454: 441: 438: 393: 390: 377: 374: 340: 337: 280: 277: 268: 265: 252: 249: 232: 229: 220: 217: 205:Planet Hunters 200: 197: 184: 181: 170: 161: 139: 136: 128:semimajor axis 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7249: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7154: 7150: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7125: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6609:Yellow giants 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6379:Merging stars 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6254:Asteroid belt 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6229: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6193:Pulsar planet 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6148:Double planet 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6087:Super-Neptune 6085: 6083: 6082:Super-Jupiter 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6057:Helium planet 6055: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5992:Hycean planet 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5982:Desert planet 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5972:Carbon planet 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5948: 5943: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5483: 5480: 5474: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5312: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5173: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3753: 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3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2929:10.1038/46990 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2886: 2883: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2233: 2230: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2141:, the planet 2140: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2102: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2077: 2068: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2008: 1995: 1986: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1645: 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133: 129: 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 102: 97: 92: 90: 88: 83: 79: 75: 71: 64: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 32: 19: 7232:Binary stars 7211:Solar System 6953:Proper names 6730:Earth analog 6715:Astrobiology 6707:Habitability 6644:Microlensing 6604:White dwarfs 6574:M/Red dwarfs 6564:Herbig Ae/Be 6549:Brown dwarfs 6491:Rogue planet 6472:Interstellar 6414:Planetesimal 6183:Planetesimal 6163:Giant planet 6153:Ecumenopolis 6132: 6051:Mini-Neptune 5987:Dwarf planet 5818: 5794: 5741: 5737: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5553: 5549: 5498: 5492: 5482: 5445: 5439: 5429: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5277: 5273: 5248:. Retrieved 5238: 5229: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5164:. Retrieved 5160: 5157:"TOI-1338 b" 5151: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5047: 5043: 5032: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4877: 4873: 4862: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4629: 4625: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4547: 4507: 4503: 4492: 4441: 4437: 4368: 4364: 4296: 4292: 4258:1721.1/77037 4223: 4219: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4049: 4045: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3616: 3612: 3546: 3542: 3516:. Retrieved 3510: 3500: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3377:. Retrieved 3367: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3268: 3262: 3252: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3139:. Space.com. 3130: 3087: 3083: 3080:Jordi, Carme 3073: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3005: 2962: 2956: 2945: 2902: 2896: 2885: 2874:. Retrieved 2869: 2860: 2823: 2819: 2794:. Retrieved 2790:the original 2780: 2729: 2725: 2702:. 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L7. 5221:230770142 5143:0035-8711 5116:1002.2637 5084:118682065 5024:0004-6256 4990:(2): 57. 4820:(1): 86. 4787:0004-6361 4734:119113709 4726:2041-8205 4701:1312.1265 4694:(1): L4. 4672:118376549 4664:0004-637X 4639:1404.0131 4606:0004-6361 4579:1303.4525 4544:0004-6256 4476:0004-637X 4451:1210.3612 4403:0036-8075 4378:1208.5489 4339:119226095 4331:0004-637X 4306:1208.3712 4299:(2): 87. 4233:1204.3955 4198:0004-6256 4151:0004-637X 4117:(1): L3. 4092:206536332 4059:1109.3432 4028:120434407 4020:2041-8205 3977:119184531 3969:0004-6361 3944:1011.3905 3900:0036-8075 3730:0803.2000 3685:1402.0509 3653:118584135 3619:(1): 96. 3589:118418065 3581:0004-637X 3556:1401.7275 3549:(1): 14. 3465:1209.0608 3408:0811.3807 3305:119182238 3278:0807.5105 3219:0708.2390 3097:0810.1541 2937:205061885 2764:0004-637X 2739:1409.1605 2732:(1): 26. 2680:Astronomy 2609:119099175 2601:0004-6361 2576:0911.1963 2338:1308.6328 2183:red dwarf 2166:Gallifrey 2157:The Chase 2137:Star Wars 2111:stories: 1713:TOI-1338 1637:Kepler-47 1297:HD 106906 1205:Delorme 1 1063:Kepler-47 1019:Kepler-38 969:Kepler-35 919:Kepler-34 838:Kepler-16 788:DP Leonis 749:HD 202206 535:Kepler-47 519:migration 489:Migration 430:Kepler-34 426:Kepler-16 422:Kepler-34 418:Kepler-47 410:Kepler-34 402:Kepler-16 366:red giant 357:red dwarf 309:red dwarf 183:Kepler-16 154:HD 202206 144:HD 202206 138:HD 202206 6926:501–1000 6906:Heaviest 6886:Extremes 6594:Subgiant 6467:Exocomet 5596:53702506 5421:41086512 5250:June 16, 5189:: A164. 4914:54034608 4854:55162101 4484:27456469 4419:44970411 4411:22933522 4266:22237021 4084:21921192 3916:39446560 3908:12855802 3819:: A103. 3492:53349383 3433:14152006 3191:14867168 3065:18639250 2796:June 14, 2772:55158342 2545:16175663 2486:39446560 2478:12855802 2207:See also 2174:Star Fox 2162:Gridlock 2143:Tatooine 2053:RR Caeli 1847:☉ 1839:FW Tauri 1733:Transit 1681:Transit 1474:Transit 1423:Transit 1382:Transit 1326:Imaging 1291:Imaging 1256:ROXs 42B 1199:Transit 1155:Transit 1107:Transit 1057:Transit 1013:Transit 963:Transit 882:Transit 495:migrated 332:HD 98800 7149:Portals 6901:Largest 6896:Nearest 6599:T Tauri 6495:Orbits 6479:Exomoon 6459:Systems 6173:Planemo 6038:Gaseous 5756:Bibcode 5688:Bibcode 5633:Bibcode 5568:Bibcode 5556:: L60. 5513:Bibcode 5460:Bibcode 5393:Bibcode 5339:Bibcode 5292:Bibcode 5201:Bibcode 5121:Bibcode 5062:Bibcode 5002:Bibcode 4951:Bibcode 4892:Bibcode 4832:Bibcode 4795:4812512 4767:Bibcode 4706:Bibcode 4644:Bibcode 4584:Bibcode 4522:Bibcode 4456:Bibcode 4383:Bibcode 4365:Science 4311:Bibcode 4274:4426222 4238:Bibcode 4178:Bibcode 4129:Bibcode 4064:Bibcode 4046:Science 4000:Bibcode 3949:Bibcode 3937:: A53. 3880:Bibcode 3862:Science 3831:Bibcode 3784:Bibcode 3735:Bibcode 3690:Bibcode 3631:Bibcode 3561:Bibcode 3470:Bibcode 3413:Bibcode 3359:1575520 3339:Bibcode 3283:Bibcode 3244:7584467 3224:Bibcode 3171:Bibcode 3122:3752277 3102:Bibcode 3045:Bibcode 2997:3000437 2977:Bibcode 2917:Bibcode 2838:Bibcode 2744:Bibcode 2665:Science 2636:Bibcode 2581:Bibcode 2569:: A10. 2525:Bibcode 2458:Bibcode 2440:Science 2411:Bibcode 2374:Bibcode 2343:Bibcode 2276:Bibcode 2200:Solaris 2188:In the 2180:M-class 2171:In the 2134:In the 2125:In the 2103:Fiction 1870:Planet 1800:12,000 1719:0.0686 1410:240.503 1359:−0.0018 1357:+0.0020 1183:138.506 1139:303.158 1041:105.595 997:131.458 947:288.822 866:228.776 761:2.4832 648:Planet 621:updated 368:phase. 347:system 241:Jupiter 6916:Kepler 6891:Firsts 6790:Tholin 6661:Timing 6579:Pulsar 6504:Trojan 6118:Blanet 5877:Planet 5826: 5784: 5776: 5714: 5706: 5653: 5594: 5586: 5419: 5411: 5357: 5219: 5141: 5082: 5022: 4912: 4852: 4793: 4785: 4755:: L8. 4732: 4724: 4670: 4662: 4604: 4572:: L5. 4542: 4482: 4474: 4417: 4409: 4401: 4337: 4329: 4272: 4264: 4220:Nature 4196: 4149: 4090: 4082: 4026: 4018: 3975: 3967: 3914: 3906: 3898: 3651: 3587: 3579: 3490: 3431: 3357: 3303: 3242: 3189: 3120: 3063: 2995: 2935: 2898:Nature 2770: 2762: 2607: 2599: 2543: 2484: 2476: 2296:291029 2294: 2193:series 2176:series 2139:series 2128:Trigun 2030:3.457 2005:127.75 1956:164.25 1797:10.47 1668:187.35 1663:0.0033 1659:0.6992 1652:−0.037 1650:+0.075 1465:0.0227 1452:0.0070 1448:2.7205 1405:0.0028 1401:0.7903 1371:−0.021 1369:+0.024 1366:66.262 1354:0.3553 1188:−0.092 1186:+0.107 1144:−0.020 1142:+0.072 1096:−0.027 1094:+0.040 1091:49.514 1086:0.0047 1082:0.2956 1046:−0.038 1044:+0.053 1036:0.0082 1032:0.4644 1002:−0.105 1000:+0.077 952:−0.081 950:+0.063 942:0.0009 938:1.0896 933:0.0011 887:SR 12 871:−0.037 869:+0.020 861:0.0011 857:0.7048 773:19.056 758:2.179 470:tilted 432:). 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