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1425:. Confirmation of this discovery, and extension of testing to other tumour cell lines launched the medicinal applications of cisplatin. Cisplatin was approved for use in testicular and ovarian cancers by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on 19 December 1978. and in the UK (and in several other European countries) in 1979. Cisplatin was the first to be developed. In 1983 pediatric oncologist Roger Packer began incorporating cisplatin into adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of childhood
986:. It is primarily found on cells of the peripheral nervous system, which are aggregated in large numbers near the ocular and aural stimuli-receiving centers. This noncompetitive interaction has been linked to hydroelectrolytic imbalances and cytoskeleton alterations, both of which have been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. However, NHE-1 inhibition has been found to be both dose-dependent (half-inhibition = 30 μg/mL) and reversible. Cisplatin can increase levels of
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to increase the therapeutic effects of cisplatin, without increasing normal tissue toxicities. However, due to significant side effects, the search for structurally novel Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds exhibiting antineoplastic activity is extremely important and aims to develop more effective and less
1209:
Cisplatin combination chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of many cancers. Initial platinum responsiveness is high, but the majority of cancer patients will eventually relapse with cisplatin-resistant disease. Many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, including changes in
1256:
arrangement of the chloro ligands is thought to confer transplatin with greater chemical reactivity, causing transplatin to become deactivated before it reaches the DNA, where cisplatin exerts its pharmacological action. Secondly, the stereo-conformation of transplatin is such that it is unable to
1429:. The new protocol that he developed led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma, up to around 85%. The Packer Protocol has since become a standard treatment for medulloblastoma. Likewise, cisplatin has been found to be particularly effective against
981:
before and after treatment. Common neurological side effects of cisplatin include visual perception and hearing disorder, which can occur soon after treatment begins. While triggering apoptosis through interfering with DNA replication remains the primary mechanism of cisplatin, this has not been
2367:
Orbell JD, Solorzano C, Marzilli LG, Kistenmacher TJ (October 1982). "Preparation and structure of cis-chlorodiammine (N2, N2-dimethyl-9-methylguanine) platinum (II) hexafluorophosphate. A model for the intermediate in the proposed crosslinking mode of action of platinum (II) antitumor agents".
2589:
Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Vicente-Blanco RJ, García-Grande A, Coronado MJ, Laine-Menéndez S, et al. (May 2019). "Cisplatin resistance involves a metabolic reprogramming through ROS and PGC-1α in NSCLC which can be overcome by OXPHOS inhibition".
1316:
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antibiotic class) may also cause ototoxicity, and the administration of this class of antibiotics in patients receiving cisplatin is generally avoided. The ototoxicity of both the aminoglycosides and cisplatin may be related to their ability to bind to
3580:
Omondi RO, Ojwach SO, Jaganyi D (November 2020). "Review of comparative studies of cytotoxic activities of Pt(II), Pd(II), Ru(II)/(III) and Au(III) complexes, their kinetics of ligand substitution reactions and DNA/BSA interactions".
1934:"New Alkoxy- Analogues of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Attenuate Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity In Vitro via Reduction of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling, and Caspase Activation"
3214:
Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Elterman R, Lange B, Goldwein J, Nicholson HS, et al. (November 1994). "Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy".
1046:
and hearing loss associated with cisplatin can be severe and is considered to be a dose-limiting side effect. Audiometric analysis may be necessary to assess the severity of ototoxicity. Other drugs (such as the
1113:. Dissociation of the chloride is favored inside the cell because the intracellular chloride concentration is only 3–20% of the approximately 100 mM chloride concentration in the extracellular fluid.
1082:: Cisplatin can cause hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. The hypocalcaemia seems to occur in those with low serum magnesium secondary to cisplatin, so it is not primarily due to the cisplatin.
1101:
Cisplatin interferes with DNA replication, which kills the fastest proliferating cells, which in theory are cancerous. Following administration, one chloride ion is slowly displaced by water to give the
1222:
is active in highly cisplatin-resistant cancer cells in the laboratory; however, there is little evidence for its activity in the clinical treatment of patients with cisplatin-resistant cancer. The drug
1159:. Since this was only demonstrated for colon carcinoma cells, it remains an open question whether the Omi/Htra2 protein participates in the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in carcinomas from other tissues.
2191:
Sarafraz Z, Ahmadi A, Daneshi A (June 2018). "Transtympanic
Injections of N-acetylcysteine and Dexamethasone for Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial".
1143:
Subsequent to formation of , crosslinking can occur via displacement of the other chloride, typically by another guanine. Cisplatin crosslinks DNA in several ways, interfering with cell division by
259:
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2436:
Pruefer FG, Lizarraga F, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J (June 2008). "Participation of Omi Htra2 serine-protease activity in the apoptosis induced by cisplatin on SW480 colon cancer cells".
3486:
Teixeira LJ, Seabra M, Reis E, da Cruz MT, de Lima MC, Pereira E, et al. (May 2004). "Cytotoxic activity of metal complexes of biogenic polyamines: polynuclear platinum(II) chelates".
1197:). Other adducts include inter-strand crosslinks and nonfunctional adducts that have been postulated to contribute to cisplatin's activity. Interaction with cellular proteins, particularly
3250:
Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Goldwein JW, Perilongo G, Bunin G, Ryan J, et al. (March 1991). "Improved survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma".
1397:) bacteria. Although bacterial cell growth continued, cell division was arrested, the bacteria growing as filaments up to 300 times their normal length. The octahedral Pt(IV) complex
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found to contribute to neurological side effects. Cisplatin noncompetitively inhibits an archetypal, membrane-bound mechanosensitive sodium-hydrogen ion transporter known as
2866:
This biographical article aims to present, for the first time in the
English language, a summary of his life and the achievements that he made during his scientific career.
1252:
and does not exhibit a comparably useful pharmacological effect. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the reduced anticancer effect of transplatin. Firstly, the
3735:
1342:
2.60Å resolution crystal structure of cisplatin (highlighted) intrastrand GG adducts with double-stranded DNA. Note: the hydrogens on amine ligands are not shown. (
6150:
111:
2170:"FDA approves sodium thiosulfate to reduce the risk of ototoxicity associated with cisplatin in pediatric patients with localized, non-metastatic solid tumors"
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4435:
3110:
906:
688:
3648:
Riddell IA, Lippard SJ (2018). "Cisplatin and
Oxaliplatin: Our Current Understanding of Their Actions". In Sigel A, Sigel H, Freisinger E, Sigel RK (eds.).
1155:
when repair proves impossible. In 2008, apoptosis induced by cisplatin on human colon cancer cells was shown to depend on the mitochondrial serine-protease
2909:
Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Krigas T (February 1965). "Inhibition of cell division in
Escherichia coli by electrolysis products from a platinum electrode".
893:
as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including
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2144:
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can be developed after several courses of cisplatin. It is suggested that an antibody reacting with a cisplatin-red-cell membrane is responsible for
1181:
3102:
5510:
2479:
Sherman SE, Gibson D, Wang AH, Lippard SJ (October 1985). "X-ray structure of the major adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin with DNA: cis-".
1510:
toxic drugs. Cisplatin-like molecules ( and ) linked by variable length alkandiamine chains have attracted some interest in cancer chemotherapy.
1072:
under the brand name
Pedmark to lessen the risk of ototoxicity and hearing loss in people receiving cisplatin. There is ongoing investigation of
1201:
domain proteins, has also been advanced as a mechanism of interfering with mitosis, although this is probably not its primary method of action.
6130:
1185:
A POVray plot of the atomic coordinates for the cis Pt(NH3)2 and short fragment of DNA which was reported by
Stephen J. Lippard in Science 1985
995:
932:
The introduction of cisplatin as a standard treatment for testicular cancer improved remission rates from 5-10% before 1974 to 75-85% by 1984.
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will form the final product which precipitates In the triiodo intermediate the addition of the second ammonia ligand is governed by the
3533:"Synthesis and structural characterization of a new dinuclear platinum(III) complex, [Pt 2 Cl 4 (NH 3 ) 2 {μ-HN=C(O)Bu t } 2 ]"
674:
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947:(kidney damage) is the primary dose-limiting side effect and is of major clinical concern. Cisplatin selectively accumulates into the
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2027:
Squillace S, Niehoff ML, Doyle TM, Green M, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S, Arnatt CK, Spiegel S, Farr SA, Salvemini D (September 2022).
1174:
G) adducts. Coordination chemists have obtained crystals of the products of reacting cisplain with small models of DNA. Here is a
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Rosenberg B, VanCamp L, Trosko JE, Mansour VH (April 1969). "Platinum compounds: a new class of potent antitumour agents".
2029:"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 activation in the central nervous system drives cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment"
5920:
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1988:"Nongenomic effects of cisplatin: acute inhibition of mechanosensitive transporters and channels without actin remodeling"
1008:: cisplatin is one of the most emetogenic chemotherapy agents, but this symptom is managed with prophylactic antiemetics (
867:
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5868:
4718:
4314:
1632:
Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ (May 2018). "The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists".
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1449:(MGS), which has the same empirical formula as cisplatin. The traditional way to avoid MGS involves the conversion of K
6145:
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162:
2962:"The inhibition of growth or cell division in Escherichia coli by different ionic species of platinum(IV) complexes"
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may be useful in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant cancer; the mechanism for this activity is as yet unknown.
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963:. Multiple mitigation strategies are being explored clinically and pre-clinically, including hydration regimens,
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1413:- turned out to be even more effective at forcing filamentous growth. This finding led to the observation that
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2320:"The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs"
1986:
Milosavljevic N, Duranton C, Djerbi N, Puech PH, Gounon P, Lagadic-Gossmann D, et al. (October 2010).
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991:
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1561:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
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in which two similar ligands are in adjacent positions. The systematic chemical name of this molecule is
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2692:"A systematic review of platinum and taxane resistance from bench to clinic: an inverse relationship"
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2096:"Sodium thiosulfate for prevention of cisplatin-induced hearing loss: updated survival from ACCL0431"
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1987:
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Solution structure of cisplatin (highlighted) interstrand GG adducts with double-stranded DNA. (
1125:
877:
Cisplatin was first reported in 1845 and licensed for medical use in 1978 and 1979. It is on the
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5383:
3708:
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Kukushikin VY, Oskarsson Å, Elding LI, Farrell N (2007). "Facile
Synthesis of Isomerically Pure
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of platinum electrodes generated a soluble platinum complex which inhibited binary fission in
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cellular uptake and efflux of the drug, increased detoxification of the drug, inhibition of
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30:"Cisplatine" redirects here. For the Brazilian province that existed from 1821 to 1828, see
3532:
3447:"Pt(II) vs Pd(II) Polyamine Complexes as New Anticancer Drugs: A Structure- Activity Study"
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2524:"Cisplatin DNA damage and repair maps of the human genome at single-nucleotide resolution"
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form the characteristic 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) adducts formed by cisplatin in abundance.
3323:
3039:
2922:
2603:
2539:
2492:
1843:
Einhorn LH (November 1990). "Treatment of testicular cancer: a new and improved model".
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G) adducts, which form nearly 90% of the adducts, and the less common 1,2-intrastrand d(
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Alderden RA, Hall MD, Hambley TW (2006). "The
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3005:. Wellcome Trust Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine. Vol. 30. pp. 6–15.
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preferentially binds. A model compound has been prepared and crystals were examined by
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35:
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Acta
Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials
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Wang D, Lippard SJ (April 2005). "Cellular processing of platinum anticancer drugs".
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has been developed. It relies on the slow release of ammonia from ammonium acetate.
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via basolateral-to-apical transport, where it disrupts mitochondrial energetics and
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Reputation and power: organizational image and pharmaceutical regulation at the FDA
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Coluccia M, Natile G (January 2007). "Trans-platinum complexes in cancer therapy".
1949:
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in 1845, and known for a long time as
Peyrone's salt. The structure was deduced by
1103:
866:. Use during pregnancy can cause harm to the developing fetus. Cisplatin is in the
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227:
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Facile Synthesis of Isomerically Pure cis -Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), Cisplatin
2004:
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The Discovery, Use and Impact of Platinum Salts as Chemotherapy Agent for Cancer
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Fiuza SM, Amado AM, Oliveira PJ, Sardão VA, De Carvalho LB, Marques MP (2006).
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Most notable among the changes in DNA are the 1,2-intrastrand cross-links with
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1674:"Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: Effects, Mechanisms and Protection Strategies"
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Orgel E, Villaluna D, Krailo MD, Esbenshade A, Sung L, Freyer DR (May 2022).
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World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
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https://en.wikiversity.org/International_Ototoxicity_Management_Group_(IOMG)
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1445:. Several procedures are available. One obstacle is the facile formation of
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3113:, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 19 December 1978. Archived from
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has been shown to be better for highly emetogenic chemotherapy than just
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family of medications. It works in part by binding to DNA and inhibiting
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1,3-intrastrand d(GpXpG) adducts occur but are readily excised by the
5445:
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3707:
Wikiversity page for the International Ototoxicity Management Group:
3047:
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1932:
Singh N, Vik A, Lybrand DB, Morisseau C, Hammock BD (November 2021).
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isomer, was found to be effective at forcing filamentous growth of
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967:, transporter inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and
854:. Other serious side effects include numbness, trouble walking,
497:
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Cisplatin has a number of side effects that can limit its use:
290:
152:
3103:"Approval Summary for cisplatin for Metastatic ovarian tumors"
2960:
Rosenberg B, Van Camp L, Grimley EB, Thomson AJ (March 1967).
1881:
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3650:
Metallo-Drugs: Development and Action of Anticancer Agents
2640:"Understanding cisplatin resistance using cellular models"
2882:[On the action of ammonia on platinum chloride].
2318:
Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ (March 2016).
1771:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1433:, where its use improved the cure rate from 10% to 85%.
1417:- was indeed highly effective at regressing the mass of
266:
3365:. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 32. pp. 141–144.
879:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
739:
3625:(1 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 73–107.
2880:"Ueber die Einwirkung des Ammoniaks auf Platinchlorür"
2837:"Michele Peyrone (1813–1883), Discoverer of Cisplatin"
1178:
plot of the platinum binding to a small model of DNA.
6063:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1609:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
6042:
6003:
5853:
5804:
5526:
5503:
5483:
5103:
5054:
4834:
4827:
4763:
4717:
4650:
4607:
4444:
4429:
4309:
4279:
4204:
4189:
4160:
4056:
3976:
3919:
3902:
3891:
3827:
3780:
3761:
662:
649:
640:
635:
616:
584:
556:
536:
516:
496:
476:
456:
436:
411:
391:
359:
349:
336:
326:
316:
308:
243:
238:
213:
199:
172:
142:
128:
110:
98:
88:
83:
2805:
2803:
3394:Ku A, Facca VJ, Cai Z, Reilly RM (October 2019).
2172:. Food and Drug Administration. 20 September 2022
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2690:Stordal B, Pavlakis N, Davey R (December 2007).
2522:Hu J, Lieb JD, Sancar A, Adar S (October 2016).
977:(nerve damage) can be anticipated by performing
425:
3396:"Auger electrons for cancer therapy - a review"
2633:
2631:
2431:
2429:
400:
2228:"Haemolytic anaemia after cisplatin treatment"
1667:
1665:
1663:
716:InChI=1S/2ClH.2H3N.Pt/h2*1H;2*1H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
6161:World Health Organization essential medicines
5461:
3729:
3081:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
102:Cisplatinum, platamin, neoplatin, cismaplat,
8:
907:squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
161:
43:
3304:
3302:
3300:
2835:Kauffman GB, Pentimalli R, Hall MD (2010).
2226:Levi JA, Aroney RS, Dalley DN (June 1981).
5801:
5468:
5454:
5446:
4831:
4441:
4201:
3916:
3899:
3777:
3736:
3722:
3714:
2395:
2393:
2391:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
627:
604:
465:
71:
51:
3564:
3531:Vinci D, Chateigner D (1 December 2022).
3507:
3470:
3421:
3411:
2977:
2852:
2742:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
2658:
2611:
2557:
2547:
2343:
2251:
2119:
2052:
2003:
1957:
1908:
1898:
1876:
1874:
1794:
1766:
1699:
1689:
1409:cells. The square planar Pt(II) complex,
1367:- was first described by Italian chemist
485:
34:. For the conflict in that province, see
27:Chemical compound and pharmaceutical drug
5976:
5731:
2077:"Unlocking the Mystery of "Chemo Brain""
1883:"Mechanisms of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity"
770:
766:
762:
6070:
2814:(2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
1519:
1312:
1166:bases. These include 1,2-intrastrand d(
713:
693:
600:
445:
373:
134:
3451:Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
1743:from the original on 20 December 2016.
1729:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 513.
1060:of the inner ear or the generation of
996:post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment
618:
42:
2033:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1789:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1761:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1613:from the original on 21 December 2016
1076:injections as a preventative measure.
994:, contributing to the development of
566:
545:
525:
120:
7:
6151:Platinum-based antineoplastic agents
3698:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2638:Stordal B, Davey M (November 2007).
1120:- is itself easily displaced by the
572:
226:
106:-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)
4005:ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
2966:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2604:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.009
2592:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
1821:from the original on 8 October 2014
1151:mechanisms, which in turn activate
505:
416:
4171:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
4127:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
3621:Dabrowiak JC (2009). "Cisplatin".
3400:EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry
2193:The International Tinnitus Journal
1441:Syntheses of cisplatin start from
25:
3930:Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
2810:Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2005).
1465:remains in solution. Addition of
1287:–diamminedichloroplatinum, where
6073:
1535:"Cisplatin Use During Pregnancy"
1505:Cisplatin has been studied with
1477:
1335:
1315:
64:
3357:-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II),
2786:(2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
2407:Chemical & Engineering News
1938:Chemical Research in Toxicology
1723:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
846:including severe hearing loss,
721:Key:LXZZYRPGZAFOLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
383:-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II)
4067:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
3957:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
3488:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
3285:Dhara SC (1970). "Cisplatin".
2277:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
1950:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00347
1443:potassium tetrachloroplatinate
1064:. In September 2022, the U.S.
955:Ca homeostasis and stimulates
1:
6131:Medicinal inorganic chemistry
3987:Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
3828:Block microtubule disassembly
2979:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96186-7
2782:Miessler GL, Tarr DA (1999).
2143:Winstead E (6 October 2022).
2112:10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00155-3
2005:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1253
1726:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
868:platinum-based antineoplastic
3111:Food and Drug Administration
1845:Journal of Clinical Oncology
1066:Food and Drug Administration
1016:, etc.) in combination with
838:Common side effects include
752:is a chemical compound with
3703:IARC Monograph: "Cisplatin"
2336:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597
1303:, as opposed to an organic
6177:
3463:10.2174/157018006776286989
3371:10.1002/9780470132630.ch23
3264:10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0433
3229:10.3171/jns.1994.81.5.0690
2754:10.2174/187152007779314080
2711:10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.013
2400:Trzaska S (20 June 2005).
2205:10.5935/0946-5448.20180007
1857:10.1200/JCO.1990.8.11.1777
1799:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
1291:with two m's indicates an
1245:of cisplatin, has formula
1218:or changes in metabolism.
1147:. The damaged DNA elicits
889:Cisplatin is administered
787:used to treat a number of
636:Chemical and physical data
29:
6126:IARC Group 2A carcinogens
5406:
5287:Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
5167:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel
5157:Brexucabtagene autoleucel
3658:10.1515/9783110470734-007
3631:10.1002/9780470684986.ch3
3595:10.1016/j.ica.2020.119883
3549:10.1107/S2052520622009660
3413:10.1186/s41181-019-0075-2
3150:10.1595/003214079X2339098
2660:10.1080/15216540701636287
2450:10.1179/joc.2008.20.3.348
2420:10.1021/cen-v083n025.p052
2244:10.1136/bmj.282.6281.2003
2149:National Cancer Institute
1815:National Cancer Institute
1783:World Health Organization
1755:World Health Organization
1381:Michigan State University
969:epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
729:
704:
684:
364:
59:
50:
5339:Talimogene laherparepvec
5272:Nadofaragene firadenovec
5242:Lisocabtagene maraleucel
4191:Topoisomerase inhibitors
4110:DNA polymerase inhibitor
2896:10.1002/jlac.18440510102
2854:10.1595/147106710X534326
2699:Cancer Treatment Reviews
979:nerve conduction studies
5142:Axicabtagene ciloleucel
3746:chemotherapeutic agents
3696:Drug Information Portal
3583:Inorganica Chimica Acta
3252:Journal of Neurosurgery
3217:Journal of Neurosurgery
2549:10.1073/pnas.1614430113
2501:10.1126/science.4048939
2438:Journal of Chemotherapy
2232:British Medical Journal
1109:-, in a process termed
1080:Electrolyte disturbance
1062:reactive oxygen species
988:sphingosine-1-phosphate
957:reactive oxygen species
840:bone marrow suppression
785:chemotherapy medication
6156:Platinum(II) compounds
6136:Metal-containing drugs
6121:Coordination complexes
6101:Bioinorganic chemistry
5324:Sitimagene ceradenovec
5222:Idecabtagene vicleucel
4787:Methyl aminolevulinate
3138:Platinum Metals Review
2841:Platinum Metals Review
1186:
1116:The water molecule in
992:central nervous system
903:small cell lung cancer
4798:Porphyrin derivatives
4494:Melphalan flufenamide
4141:Hypomethylating agent
3750:antineoplastic agents
3173:Nature Reviews Cancer
3077:Carpenter DP (2010).
1900:10.3390/toxins2112490
1691:10.3390/toxics3030268
1379:, Van Camp et al. of
1184:
959:and pro-inflammatory
953:endoplasmic reticulum
833:injection into a vein
5127:Asparagine depleters
5056:Receptor antagonists
4970:+abiraterone acetate
2100:The Lancet. Oncology
1270:coordination complex
1205:Cisplatin resistance
971:and their analogues.
860:electrolyte problems
809:head and neck cancer
777:coordination complex
5177:Denileukin diftitox
5077:Retinoid X receptor
4777:Aminolevulinic acid
4599:Triethylenemelamine
4431:Crosslinking of DNA
4162:Deoxyribonucleotide
4101:+gimeracil/oteracil
3324:2006JChEd..83..728A
3040:1969Natur.222..385R
2923:1965Natur.205..698R
2812:Inorganic Chemistry
2784:Inorganic Chemistry
2540:2016PNAS..11311507H
2534:(41): 11507–11512.
2493:1985Sci...230..412S
2382:10.1021/ic00140a041
2370:Inorganic Chemistry
2083:. 2 September 2022.
1634:Dalton Transactions
1541:. 12 September 2019
1489:of cisplatin from K
1447:Magnus's green salt
1261:Molecular structure
286:(Prescription only)
262:(Prescription only)
47:
6146:Platinum complexes
5477:Platinum compounds
5433:Never to phase III
4235:Etirinotecan pegol
3623:Metals in Medicine
3117:on 8 February 2008
3107:FDA Oncology Tools
2878:Peyrone M (1844).
1646:10.1039/c8dt00838h
1467:potassium chloride
1375:in 1893. In 1965,
1187:
1126:heterocyclic bases
1070:sodium thiosulfate
856:allergic reactions
783:that is used as a
6106:Cancer treatments
6061:
6060:
5849:
5848:
5443:
5442:
5402:
5401:
5359:Tigilanol tiglate
4836:Enzyme inhibitors
4759:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4455:Nitrogen mustards
4425:
4424:
4185:
4184:
3887:
3886:
3667:978-3-11-046984-4
3640:978-0-470-68196-1
3500:10.1021/jm0311238
3494:(11): 2917–2925.
3332:10.1021/ed083p728
3088:978-0-691-14180-0
3012:978-0-85484-112-7
2821:978-0-130-39913-7
2793:978-0-13-841891-5
2376:(10): 3806–3810.
2081:Neuroscience News
2045:10.1172/JCI157738
1944:(12): 2579–2591.
1893:(11): 2490–2518.
1640:(19): 6645–6653.
1487:one-pot synthesis
1431:testicular cancer
1377:Barnett Rosenberg
1272:cis-. The prefix
1265:Cisplatin is the
1193:excision repair (
831:. It is given by
813:esophageal cancer
793:testicular cancer
747:
746:
675:Interactive image
586:CompTox Dashboard
294:
281:
269:
257:
188:
155:
79:
78:
16:(Redirected from
6168:
6116:Chloro complexes
6096:Ammine complexes
6078:
6077:
6076:
6069:
5979:
5802:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5447:
5364:Tisagenlecleucel
5121:Arsenic trioxide
4832:
4765:Photosensitizers
4556:Alkyl sulfonates
4470:Cyclophosphamide
4442:
4381:Anthracenediones
4202:
4176:Hydroxycarbamide
3917:
3900:
3778:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3715:
3699:
3679:
3644:
3607:
3606:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3306:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3048:10.1038/222385a0
3023:
3017:
3016:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2931:10.1038/205698a0
2906:
2900:
2899:
2884:Ann. Chem. Pharm
2875:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2662:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2561:
2551:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2397:
2386:
2385:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2330:(5): 3436–3486.
2324:Chemical Reviews
2315:
2309:
2308:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2238:(6281): 2003–4.
2223:
2217:
2216:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1817:. 2 March 2007.
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1669:
1658:
1657:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1565:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1481:
1390:Escherichia coli
1383:discovered that
1339:
1319:
1140:crystallography
1086:Hemolytic anemia
1058:stria vascularis
927:germ cell tumors
844:hearing problems
791:. These include
774:
743:
742:
735:
677:
657:
631:
620:
609:
608:
594:
592:
576:
570:
549:
529:
509:
489:
469:
449:
429:
419:
418:
404:
341:
299:
292:
289:
279:
276:
268:
265:
255:
252:
230:
186:
183:
165:
154:
151:
138:
124:
94:Platinol, others
75:
68:
61:
60:
55:
48:
46:
21:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6064:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6038:
6034:
6026:
6022:
6014:
5999:
5995:
5987:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5961:
5957:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5928:
5924:
5916:
5908:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5864:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5826:
5817:
5800:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5746:
5742:
5733:
5729:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5709:
5701:
5693:
5685:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5603:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5499:
5494:
5479:
5474:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5423:Clinical trials
5398:
5104:Other/ungrouped
5099:
5050:
4823:
4803:Porfimer sodium
4751:
4713:
4646:
4603:
4433:
4421:
4305:
4275:
4193:
4181:
4156:
4052:
3972:
3908:
3906:antimetabolites
3904:
3903:DNA precursors/
3895:
3893:DNA replication
3883:
3823:
3793:Vinca alkaloids
3769:
3757:
3742:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3668:
3647:
3641:
3620:
3616:
3614:Further reading
3611:
3610:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3185:10.1038/nrc2167
3170:
3169:
3165:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3034:(5191): 385–6.
3025:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2917:(4972): 698–9.
2908:
2907:
2903:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2859:
2857:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2769:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2653:(11): 696–699.
2642:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2487:(4724): 412–7.
2478:
2477:
2473:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2399:
2398:
2389:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2289:10.1038/nrd1691
2274:
2273:
2269:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2026:
2025:
2021:
1998:(19): 7514–22.
1992:Cancer Research
1985:
1984:
1975:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1851:(11): 1777–81.
1842:
1841:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1737:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1516:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1427:medulloblastoma
1401:-, but not the
1369:Michele Peyrone
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1340:
1331:
1320:
1298:
1263:
1233:
1207:
1099:
1068:(FDA) approved
1018:corticosteroids
949:proximal tubule
938:
923:cervical cancer
887:
872:its replication
801:cervical cancer
772:
768:
764:
760:
738:
736:
733:(what is this?)
730:
725:
722:
717:
712:
711:
700:
697:
692:
691:
680:
655:
612:
588:
580:
552:
532:
512:
492:
472:
452:
432:
415:
407:
387:
384:
372:
371:
339:
328:Protein binding
318:Bioavailability
310:Pharmacokinetic
304:
297:
234:
202:
195:
192:Contraindicated
175:
168:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6174:
6172:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6007:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5809:
5808:(II) compounds
5806:Organoplatinum
5799:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5085:
5073:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5015:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4983:
4977:
4972:
4964:
4957:PARP inhibitor
4953:
4941:
4929:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4888:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4853:
4840:
4838:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4700:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4609:Platinum-based
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4525:
4520:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4467:
4462:
4450:
4448:
4439:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4388:
4377:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4336:
4331:
4324:Anthracyclines
4319:
4317:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4210:
4208:
4199:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4166:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4122:
4121:
4105:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4042:Mercaptopurine
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4012:
3996:
3995:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3964:
3953:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3788:
3786:
3775:
3759:
3758:
3744:Intracellular
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3700:
3686:
3685:External links
3683:
3681:
3680:
3666:
3645:
3639:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3572:
3543:(6): 835–841.
3523:
3478:
3457:(3): 149–151.
3437:
3386:
3379:
3345:
3312:J. Chem. Educ.
3296:
3287:Indian J. Chem
3277:
3242:
3206:
3179:(8): 573–584.
3163:
3128:
3094:
3087:
3069:
3018:
3011:
2993:
2972:(6): 1347–52.
2952:
2901:
2870:
2847:(4): 250–256.
2827:
2820:
2799:
2792:
2767:
2748:(1): 111–123.
2732:
2705:(8): 688–703.
2682:
2627:
2581:
2514:
2471:
2444:(3): 348–354.
2425:
2387:
2359:
2310:
2283:(4): 307–320.
2267:
2218:
2183:
2161:
2135:
2106:(5): 570–572.
2086:
2068:
2019:
1973:
1924:
1870:
1832:
1802:
1774:
1746:
1735:
1715:
1684:(3): 268–293.
1659:
1624:
1581:
1552:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1438:
1435:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1276:indicates the
1262:
1259:
1232:
1229:
1206:
1203:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1074:acetylcysteine
1049:aminoglycoside
1041:
1024:combined with
999:
972:
945:Nephrotoxicity
937:
934:
919:bladder cancer
911:ovarian cancer
886:
883:
805:bladder cancer
797:ovarian cancer
745:
744:
727:
726:
724:
723:
720:
718:
715:
707:
706:
705:
702:
701:
699:
698:
695:
687:
686:
685:
682:
681:
679:
678:
670:
668:
660:
659:
653:
647:
646:
644:
638:
637:
633:
632:
622:
614:
613:
611:
610:
602:DTXSID50275807
597:
595:
582:
581:
579:
578:
562:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
542:
540:
534:
533:
531:
530:
522:
520:
514:
513:
511:
510:
502:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
482:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
462:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
442:
440:
434:
433:
431:
430:
422:
420:
409:
408:
406:
405:
397:
395:
389:
388:
386:
385:
375:
367:
366:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
306:
305:
303:
302:
287:
274:
263:
249:
247:
241:
240:
236:
235:
233:
232:
219:
217:
211:
210:
205:
203:administration
197:
196:
194:
193:
190:
180:
178:
170:
169:
167:
166:
148:
146:
140:
139:
132:
126:
125:
118:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
69:
57:
56:
36:Cisplatine War
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6173:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6081:
6071:
6067:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5931:
5929:
5919:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5883:
5881:
5867:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5843:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5749:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5725:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5667:
5665:
5647:
5645:
5626:
5624:
5610:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5471:
5466:
5464:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:Tabelecleucel
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:Lurbinectedin
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4719:Intercalation
4716:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Dicycloplatin
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:Prednimustine
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4315:Intercalation
4312:
4308:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:+daunorubicin
4116:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Doxifluridine
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:Rabacfosadine
4029:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3380:9780470132630
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:(3): 433–40.
3257:
3253:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3155:
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3147:
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3139:
3132:
3129:
3116:
3112:
3108:
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3095:
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3084:
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3073:
3070:
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3019:
3014:
3008:
3004:
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2971:
2967:
2963:
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2948:
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2924:
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2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
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2881:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
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2555:
2550:
2545:
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2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2510:
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2502:
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2486:
2482:
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2467:
2463:
2459:
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2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1736:9783527607495
1732:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
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1683:
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1655:
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1628:
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1608:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
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1588:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:Auger therapy
1500:
1498:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:Alfred Werner
1370:
1366:
1363:The compound
1358:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:square planar
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:-stereoisomer
1242:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:dexamethasone
1035:
1031:
1030:dexamethasone
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
976:
975:Neurotoxicity
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
943:
942:
941:
935:
933:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:intravenously
884:
882:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
864:heart disease
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:kidney damage
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
829:neuroblastoma
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
758:
755:
751:
741:
734:
728:
719:
714:
710:
703:
694:
690:
683:
676:
672:
671:
669:
666:
661:
654:
652:
648:
645:
643:
639:
634:
630:
626:
623:
621:
619:ECHA InfoCard
615:
607:
603:
599:
598:
596:
587:
583:
575:
574:RCSB PDB
569:
564:
563:
561:
559:
555:
548:
547:ChEMBL2068237
544:
543:
541:
539:
535:
528:
524:
523:
521:
519:
515:
508:
504:
503:
501:
499:
495:
488:
484:
483:
481:
479:
475:
468:
464:
463:
461:
459:
455:
448:
444:
443:
441:
439:
435:
428:
424:
423:
421:
414:
410:
403:
399:
398:
396:
394:
390:
382:
380:
374:
370:
363:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
342:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
300:
288:
285:
275:
273:
264:
261:
251:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
229:
224:
221:
220:
218:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
198:
191:
182:
181:
179:
177:
171:
164:
159:
150:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:
84:Clinical data
82:
74:
70:
67:
63:
62:
58:
54:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6141:Nephrotoxins
6111:Chemotherapy
5581:
5562:
5561:
5344:Tazemetostat
5308:Alitretinoin
5301:
5212:Estramustine
5192:Elsamitrucin
5182:Eflornithine
5136:Pegaspargase
5132:Asparaginase
5125:
5094:Testolactone
5087:
5075:
5063:
5017:
5002:Panobinostat
4985:
4955:
4943:
4931:
4919:
4890:
4855:
4843:
4796:
4792:Padeliporfin
4731:Dactinomycin
4727:Streptomyces
4708:Temozolomide
4703:Mitozolomide
4691:
4682:Mitobronitol
4671:Procarbazine
4664:
4652:Nonclassical
4621:
4577:
4554:
4548:Streptozocin
4513:Nitrosoureas
4511:
4485:Chlorambucil
4479:Trofosfamide
4465:Chlormethine
4460:Bendamustine
4453:
4391:Mitoxantrone
4386:Losoxantrone
4379:
4339:Daunorubicin
4322:
4288:
4225:Camptothecin
4213:
4169:
4139:
4125:
4108:
4092:Fluorouracil
4072:Capecitabine
4065:
4035:
3999:
3985:
3955:
3950:Pralatrexate
3940:Methotrexate
3928:
3871:
3834:
3791:
3695:
3649:
3622:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3315:
3310:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3223:(5): 690–8.
3220:
3216:
3209:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:the original
3106:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3002:
2996:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2865:
2858:. Retrieved
2844:
2840:
2830:
2811:
2783:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2650:
2646:
2613:10486/688357
2595:
2591:
2584:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2441:
2437:
2411:
2405:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2199:(1): 40–45.
2196:
2192:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2138:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2036:
2032:
2022:
1995:
1991:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1890:
1886:
1848:
1844:
1823:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:10665/345533
1786:
1777:
1768:10665/325771
1758:
1749:
1725:
1718:
1681:
1677:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1572:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1538:
1504:
1484:
1471:trans effect
1440:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:electrolysis
1364:
1362:
1307:with one m.
1288:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1214:, increased
1208:
1188:
1161:
1142:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1104:aquo complex
1100:
1097:Pharmacology
939:
936:Side effects
931:
888:
876:
837:
825:brain tumors
821:mesothelioma
756:
749:
748:
737:
731:
378:
345:30–100 hours
338:Elimination
245:Legal status
239:Legal status
144:License data
103:
40:
5419:from market
5389:Vorasidenib
5369:Trabectedin
5354:Tiazofurine
5349:Tebentafusp
5334:Tagraxofusp
5292:Plitidepsin
5262:Mitoguazone
5202:Epacadostat
5172:Demecolcine
5116:Aflibercept
5089:Sex steroid
4962:Fuzuloparib
4903:Carfilzomib
4875:Palbociclib
4865:Abemaciclib
4818:Verteporfin
4782:Efaproxiral
4698:Dacarbazine
4660:Altretamine
4642:Satraplatin
4637:Oxaliplatin
4617:Carboplatin
4594:Triaziquone
4565:Mannosulfan
4543:Ranimustine
4523:Fotemustine
4364:Pirarubicin
4349:Doxorubicin
4343:+cytarabine
4329:Aclarubicin
4290:Podophyllum
4215:Camptotheca
4146:Azacitidine
4132:Gemcitabine
4087:Floxuridine
4020:Fludarabine
4015:Clofarabine
4001:Halogenated
3992:Pentostatin
3967:Raltitrexed
3935:Aminopterin
3878:Ixabepilone
3873:Epothilones
3841:Cabazitaxel
3818:Vinorelbine
3803:Vincristine
3798:Vinblastine
3783:microtubule
3692:"Cisplatin"
3509:10316/10605
3472:10316/45139
3144:(3): 90–8.
2890:(1): 1–29.
2598:: 167–181.
2402:"Cisplatin"
1825:13 November
1811:"Cisplatin"
1607:"Cisplatin"
1545:25 February
1236:Transplatin
1231:Transplatin
1220:Oxaliplatin
1044:Ototoxicity
1034:ondansetron
1026:ondansetron
1014:granisetron
1010:ondansetron
885:Medical use
817:lung cancer
658: g·mol
625:100.036.106
527:CHEBI:27899
360:Identifiers
208:Intravenous
130:MedlinePlus
99:Other names
90:Trade names
6090:Categories
5384:Verdinexor
5379:Venetoclax
5282:Oblimersen
5277:Navitoclax
5252:Lucanthone
5247:Lonidamine
5237:Lifileucel
5232:Ivosidenib
5227:Imetelstat
5197:Enasidenib
5187:Elesclomol
5152:Bexarotene
5147:Belzutifan
5082:Bexarotene
5070:Atrasentan
5045:Umbralisib
5040:Idelalisib
5030:Copanlisib
5012:Vorinostat
5007:Romidepsin
4997:Entinostat
4992:Belinostat
4950:Masoprocol
4938:Tiazofurin
4926:Anagrelide
4898:Bortezomib
4885:Seliciclib
4880:Ribociclib
4860:inhibitors
4850:Tipifarnib
4813:Temoporfin
4808:Talaporfin
4746:Plicamycin
4741:Mitomycins
4687:Pipobroman
4666:Hydrazines
4632:Nedaplatin
4584:Carboquone
4579:Aziridines
4570:Treosulfan
4518:Carmustine
4505:Uramustine
4474:Ifosfamide
4446:Alkylating
4407:Bisantrene
4396:Pixantrone
4369:Valrubicin
4359:Idarubicin
4354:Epirubicin
4300:Teniposide
4255:Lurtotecan
4250:Irinotecan
4151:Decitabine
4115:Cytarabine
4058:Pyrimidine
4047:Tioguanine
4037:Thiopurine
4026:Nelarabine
4010:Cladribine
3962:Pemetrexed
3945:Pemetrexed
3921:Folic acid
3861:Paclitaxel
3813:Vinflunine
3589:: 119883.
3318:(5): 728.
3293:: 123–134.
2647:IUBMB Life
2414:(25): 52.
1617:8 December
1574:22 October
1514:References
1225:paclitaxel
1216:DNA repair
1191:nucleotide
1149:DNA repair
1022:Aprepitant
965:amifostine
899:carcinomas
775:. It is a
761:[Pt(NH
663:3D model (
651:Molar mass
558:PDB ligand
487:Q20Q21Q62J
458:ChemSpider
402:15663-27-1
393:CAS Number
369:IUPAC name
32:Cisplatina
18:Cisplatine
5429:Phase III
5417:Withdrawn
5394:Vosaroxin
5374:Veliparib
5329:Sotorasib
5319:Selinexor
5313:Tretinoin
5303:Retinoids
5217:Glasdegib
5162:Celecoxib
5111:Adagrasib
5035:Duvelisib
5025:Alpelisib
4980:Rucaparib
4967:Niraparib
4908:Oprozomib
4870:Alvocidib
4736:Bleomycin
4693:Triazenes
4677:Etoglucid
4622:Cisplatin
4538:Nimustine
4532:Semustine
4528:Lomustine
4490:Melphalan
4417:Menogaril
4412:Crisnatol
4402:Amsacrine
4374:Zorubicin
4334:Amrubicin
4295:Etoposide
4270:Topotecan
4265:Silatecan
4260:Rubitecan
4245:Gimatecan
4230:Cositecan
4220:Belotecan
3896:inhibitor
3866:Tesetaxel
3856:Ortataxel
3851:Larotaxel
3846:Docetaxel
3808:Vindesine
3603:225575546
3557:2052-5206
3406:(1): 27.
3359:Cisplatin
3201:205468214
3158:267470502
2860:3 October
2719:2123/4068
1539:Drugs.com
1437:Synthesis
1212:apoptosis
1157:Omi/Htra2
1153:apoptosis
1090:hemolysis
961:cytokines
915:lymphomas
750:Cisplatin
351:Excretion
340:half-life
322:100% (IV)
201:Routes of
174:Pregnancy
163:Cisplatin
122:Monograph
116:Drugs.com
45:Cisplatin
6080:Medicine
5267:Mitotane
5207:Eribulin
4975:Olaparib
4913:Ixazomib
4589:Thiotepa
4561:Busulfan
4240:Exatecan
4077:Carmofur
3785:assembly
3748: /
3676:29394020
3518:15139770
3432:31659527
3340:29546931
3193:17625587
3064:32398470
2939:14287410
2762:17266508
2727:17881133
2677:30879019
2669:17885832
2622:30880247
2576:11052459
2568:27688757
2466:11052459
2458:18606591
2354:26865551
2305:31357727
2297:15789122
2213:29993216
2130:35489339
2063:36047496
2014:20841472
1968:34817988
1919:22069563
1819:Archived
1785:(2021).
1757:(2019).
1741:Archived
1710:29051464
1654:29632935
1611:Archived
1501:Research
1419:sarcomas
1111:aquation
1006:vomiting
895:sarcomas
852:vomiting
781:platinum
740:(verify)
696:(Cl)(Cl)
438:DrugBank
332:> 95%
215:ATC code
176:category
158:DailyMed
5933:Pt(OAc)
5823:Pt(CNO)
5682:Pt(OAc)
5677:(PyrMe)
5484:Pt(-II)
4196:S phase
4097:Tegafur
3911:S phase
3836:Taxanes
3772:M phase
3566:9728019
3423:6800417
3320:Bibcode
3272:1847194
3237:7931615
3121:15 July
3056:5782119
3036:Bibcode
2988:5337590
2947:9543916
2919:Bibcode
2559:5068337
2536:Bibcode
2509:4048939
2489:Bibcode
2481:Science
2345:4792284
2262:6788166
2253:1505958
2176:9 March
2154:9 March
2121:9635495
2054:9433103
1959:8853703
1910:3153174
1865:1700077
1701:5606684
1407:E. coli
1395:E. coli
1359:History
1293:ammonia
1145:mitosis
1134:Guanine
1056:in the
1054:melanin
990:in the
901:(e.g.,
897:, some
789:cancers
754:formula
642:Formula
447:DB00515
413:PubChem
301:Rx-only
298:WARNING
270::
231:)
225: (
223:L01XA01
189: D
160::
136:a684036
6066:Portal
6043:Pt(VI)
5966:Pt(OH)
5854:Pt(IV)
5763:Pt(OH)
5649:(Cy(NH
5604:Pt(CN)
5584:-Pt(NH
5565:-Pt(NH
5527:Pt(II)
5511:Pt(PPh
5412:WHO-EM
5021:(Pi3K)
3978:Purine
3781:Block
3674:
3664:
3637:
3601:
3563:
3555:
3516:
3430:
3420:
3377:
3338:
3270:
3235:
3199:
3191:
3156:
3085:
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3054:
3028:Nature
3009:
2986:
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2911:Nature
2818:
2790:
2760:
2725:
2675:
2667:
2620:
2574:
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2556:
2507:
2464:
2456:
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2342:
2303:
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2260:
2250:
2211:
2128:
2118:
2061:
2051:
2039:(17).
2012:
1966:
1956:
1917:
1907:
1887:Toxins
1863:
1733:
1708:
1698:
1678:Toxics
1652:
1457:to (NO
1301:ligand
1289:ammine
1281:isomer
1238:, the
1176:POVray
1164:purine
1002:Nausea
925:, and
862:, and
850:, and
689:SMILES
656:300.05
538:ChEMBL
507:D00275
295:
282:
272:℞-only
258:
156:
6031:XePtF
6004:Pt(V)
5831:KPtCl
5818:(Cod)
5628:Pt(NH
5612:Pt(NH
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5534:Pt(NH
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4933:IMPDI
4828:Other
3599:S2CID
3336:S2CID
3197:S2CID
3154:S2CID
3060:S2CID
2943:S2CID
2695:(PDF)
2673:S2CID
2643:(PDF)
2572:S2CID
2462:S2CID
2301:S2CID
1403:trans
1305:amine
1254:trans
1248:trans
1241:trans
1138:X-ray
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709:InChI
665:JSmol
565:CPT (
518:ChEBI
467:76401
381:-4-2)
355:Renal
5992:PtSe
5958:PtCl
5945:)(NH
5925:PtCl
5905:PtCl
5897:PtBr
5889:PtCl
5877:PtCl
5814:PtCl
5776:Pt(C
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5743:PtCl
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5620:PtCl
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4436:CCNS
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3268:PMID
3233:PMID
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3052:PMID
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2862:2022
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2758:PMID
2723:PMID
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2454:PMID
2350:PMID
2293:PMID
2258:PMID
2209:PMID
2178:2023
2156:2023
2126:PMID
2059:PMID
2010:PMID
1964:PMID
1915:PMID
1861:PMID
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1731:ISBN
1706:PMID
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1619:2016
1576:2023
1547:2020
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1036:and
1028:and
1004:and
909:and
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568:PDBe
498:KEGG
478:UNII
427:2767
312:data
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6023:PtF
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5975:PtI
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5869:(NH
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5715:PtI
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5542:(CO
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4892:PrI
4857:CDK
4769:PDT
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3754:L01
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3627:doi
3591:doi
3587:512
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3545:doi
3504:hdl
3496:doi
3467:hdl
3459:doi
3418:PMC
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3355:cis
3328:doi
3260:doi
3225:doi
3181:doi
3146:doi
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2970:242
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2915:205
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2608:hdl
2600:doi
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2532:113
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2485:230
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2416:doi
2378:doi
2340:PMC
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2201:doi
2116:PMC
2108:doi
2049:PMC
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2037:132
2000:doi
1954:PMC
1946:doi
1905:PMC
1895:doi
1853:doi
1791:hdl
1763:hdl
1696:PMC
1686:doi
1642:doi
1569:FDA
1421:in
1415:cis
1411:cis
1399:cis
1365:cis
1344:PDB
1324:PDB
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1199:HMG
1195:NER
1130:DNA
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779:of
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417:CID
284:POM
228:WHO
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