1920:
646:
529:
195:
290:
375:
33:
1872:
1896:
1848:
1860:
1836:
1908:
1884:
2021:
887:
Cochinchina was occupied by Japan during World War II (1941–45). After the
Japanese surrender in August 1945, the Communist-front Viet Minh had declared a provisional government (a Southern Administrative Committee) in Saigon. In Saigon, the violence of a French restoration assisted by British and
874:
and, following the French declaration of war against
Germany in September 1939 was suppressed. Under the slogan "Land to the Tillers, Freedom for the workers and independence for Vietnam", in November 1940 the Communist Party in Cochinchina instigated a widespread
277:
is north of "Lũy Sầy" (an incorrect pronunciation and spelling of "Lũy Thầy") demarcating "Cocincina exterior" (or "Outer Annam") from "Cocincina interior" (or "Inner Annam"). A small river immediately north of "Lũy Sầy", drawn but not annotated, was likely the
587:
of the Nguyễn realm, whose leaders then had to flee to Lower
Cochinchina. The three brothers of Tây Sơn, former peasants, however, soon succeeded in conquering first the lands of the Nguyễn and then the lands of the Trịnh, briefly unifying Vietnam.
865:
was accompanied by promises of colonial reform. Failure to deliver, helped generate further unrest culminating in the summer of 1937 in general dock and transport strikes. The left anti-colonial forces split between the Moscow-oriented
610:
reigned from 14 February 1820 until 20 January 1841 what was known to the
British as Cochin China and to the Americans as hyphenated Cochin-China. In hopes of negotiating commercial treaties, the British in 1822 sent
811:
The French authorities dispossessed
Vietnamese landowners and peasants to ensure European control of the expansion of rice and rubber production. As they expanded in response to the increased rubber demand after the
563:
With the end of the war with the Trịnh, the Nguyễn were able to devote more effort (and military force) to conquest of the south. First, the remaining Champa territories were taken; next, the areas around the
761:
as its first governor. As a result, the name "Cochinchina" came to refer exclusively to the southern third of
Vietnam. (In Catholic ecclesiastical contexts Cochinchina still related to the older meaning of
482:
As a result of a civil war that started in 1520, the
Emperor of China sent a commission to study the political status of Annam in 1536. As a consequence of the delivered report, he declared war against the
333:
moved further south, and came to refer exclusively to the southernmost part of
Vietnam. Beside the French colony of Cochinchina, the two other parts of Vietnam at the time were the French protectorates of
1919:
606:, a tenacious member of the Nguyễn noble family who fought for 25 years against the Tây Sơn and ultimately conquered the entire country in 1802. He ruled all of Vietnam under the name Gia Long. His son
495:
and the Mạc had a right to part of the lands and so they recognised the Lê rule in the southern part of
Vietnam while at the same time recognising the Mạc rule in the northern part, which was called
808:
in Paris. Within
Indochina, Cochinchina was the territory with the greatest European presence. At its height, in 1940, it was estimated at 16,550 people, the vast majority living in Saigon.
1981:
896:(Nam Bộ kháng chiến) the Viet Minh defeated rival resistance forces but, by the end of 1945, had been pushed out of Saigon and major urban centres into the countryside.
1227:
645:
2045:
779:
572:
and the Cambodian kings in the period 1715 to 1770 with the Vietnamese gaining more territory with each war. The wars all involved the much more powerful
842:
639:
635:
491:(the real power in any case), hurried to submit to the Imperial will, and declared himself to be a vassal of China. The Chinese declared that both the
916:
985:"Lũy Thầy" means the "Defense Wall (Lũy) by the Teacher (Thầy)," which was annotated in German as "Alter Grenzwall" meaning "Old border wall" in the
771:
1414:
1252:
1119:
775:
938:, with French and American patronage Cochinchina was merged in 1955 with Annam south of the 17th parallel to form the Republic of Vietnam, "
487:. The nominal ruler of the Mạc died at the very time that the Chinese armies passed the frontiers of the kingdom in 1537, and his father,
187:, depending on the contexts. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer to the region south of the
1741:
1694:
721:
556:. Over the next 50 years, Vietnamese control slowly expanded in this area but only gradually as the Nguyễn were fighting a protracted
1663:
Chonchirdsim, Sud (November 1997). "The Indochinese Communist Party and the Nam Ky Uprising in Cochin China November December 1940".
1309:
Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat : in the U.S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832–3–4
1578:
1552:
1497:
1211:
1184:
1146:
1056:
506:, leading the Royal (Trịnh) army, conquered nearly all of the Mạc territory and moved the Lê kings back to the original capital of
386:
The conquest of the south of present-day Vietnam was a long process of territorial acquisition by the Vietnamese. It is called
1859:
757:
In 1871 all the territories ceded to the French in southern Vietnam were incorporated as colony of Cochinchina, with Admiral
557:
528:
544:
built his own government in the two southern provinces of Thuận Hóa and Quảng Nam, today in central Vietnam. In 1623, lord
411:. The next two hundred years was a time of territorial consolidation and civil war with only gradual expansion southwards.
2040:
426:, Đại Việt, and established a presence there. They named the area "Cochin-China", borrowing the first part from the Malay
194:
893:
846:– VNQDD). At the same time, the local peasantry were driven into debt servitude, and into plantation labour, by land and
545:
793:
339:
319:(Southward expansion). This region was also the first part of Vietnam to be colonized by the French. Inaugurated as the
1835:
825:
789:
335:
867:
829:
623:, who returned in 1836. Neither envoy was fully cognizant of conditions within the country, and neither succeeded.
603:
1303:
876:
851:
620:
717:
325:
in 1862, this colonial administrative unit reached its full extent from 1867 and was a constituent territory of
2050:
805:
244:
1871:
737:
In 1867, French Admiral Pierre de la Grandière forced the Vietnamese to surrender three additional provinces,
1847:
488:
1381:
725:
713:
2025:
1895:
1615:
Manfred McDowell, "Sky without Light: a Vietnamese Tragedy," New Politics, Vol XIII, No. 3, 2011, p. 1341
1428:
1046:
986:
907:. In 1946, the French proclaimed Cochinchina an "autonomous republic", which was one of the causes of the
858:
816:, the European plantations recruited, as indentured labour, workers from "the overcrowded villages of the
415:
357:
742:
404:
871:
143:
749:. With these three additions all of southern Vietnam and the Mekong Delta fell under French control.
746:
580:
289:
935:
758:
732:
670:
400:
205:(or "Cocincina"), interior ̣(Đàng Trong) and exterior (Đàng Ngoài) in higher resolution with colors.
541:
931:
924:
908:
767:
682:
678:
279:
222:
126:
1907:
1883:
1616:
1313:
709:
690:
627:
597:
260:
206:
1998:
1676:
1646:
1221:
659:
612:
511:
419:
369:
360:
in 1954 by combining Lower Cochinchina with the southern part of Annam, the former protectorate.
321:
180:
374:
1274:
Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China
503:
378:
Lũy Thầy (The Defense Wall by the Teacher) or in German "Alter Grenzwall" (Old Border Wall) by
131:Đàng Trong (17th–18th centuries), Việt Nam (1802–1831), Đại Nam (1831–1862), Nam Kỳ (1862–1945)
1574:
1548:
1493:
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1342:
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1115:
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889:
738:
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472:
294:
250:
198:
1738:
1705:
1242:
1136:
1111:
New Perspectives on the History and Historiography of Southeast Asia: Continuing Explorations
569:
218:
1990:
1976:
1962:
1942:
1668:
1638:
1440:
1027:
920:
785:
705:
694:
353:
326:
162:
105:
55:
32:
523:
484:
268:
233:
214:
37:
1745:
817:
698:
553:
499:(i.e. Tonkin). This was to be a feudatory state of China under the government of the Mạc.
154:
99:
1338:
A Voyage Round the World: Including an Embassy to Muscat and Siam in 1835, 1836 and 1837
1336:
1307:
1086:
Wheeler, Charles (2009). "A Coastal Panorama of Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Champa in the
568:
river were placed under Vietnamese control. At least three wars were fought between the
1957:
1804:
584:
533:
134:
770:
of Northern, Eastern, and Western Cochinchina were renamed to Apostolic Vicariates of
607:
2034:
1947:
1268:
990:
943:
939:
616:
492:
476:
379:
343:
1785:
Cauldron of resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s southern Vietnam
399:, English meaning "South Advance") by Vietnamese historians. Vietnam (then known as
388:
314:
1952:
1642:
969:
674:
202:
1819:
899:
After 1945, the status of Cochinchina was a subject of discord between France and
583:, coming out from the Nguyễn domain. In 1774, the Trịnh army captured the capital
467:
in Vietnam. They appended the "China" specifier to disting uish the area from the
1272:
2012:
Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1244:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1138:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: southern Vietnam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
1048:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
900:
833:
813:
283:
274:
188:
1672:
847:
631:
27:
Historical name for various regions of Vietnam from the 17th to 20th centuries
1018:
David Hunt (February 1982). "Village Culture and the Vietnamese Revolution".
17:
1346:
1282:
1031:
904:
862:
457:
329:
from 1887 until early 1945. So during the French colonial period, the label
1444:
2020:
1680:
1650:
510:. The Mạc only held on to a tiny part of north Vietnam until 1667, when
2002:
883:
Southern Resistance War and incorporation into South Vietnam, 1945–1955
796:(northern Vietnam), Cochinchina was ruled directly by the French, both
686:
496:
452:
447:
423:
184:
1203:
A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases: Hobson-Jobson
396:
393:
311:, is the newest territory of the Vietnamese people in the movement of
1937:
821:
701:
565:
549:
468:
408:
308:
254:
226:
170:
1994:
879:. Fighting in the Mekong Delta continued until the end of the year.
552:, then called Prey Nakor, with the consent of the king of Cambodia,
693:
in September 1858. Unable to occupy Đà Nẵng, the alliance moved to
1163:
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. Vol 2: Expansion and Crisis
644:
527:
507:
443:
373:
193:
1407:
Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858–1954, La Découverte
1277:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley.
630:
for details) repelled the Siamese from Cambodia and even annexed
213:
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was divided between the
1739:
Concert to mark 66th anniversary of the Southern Resistance War
1617:
https://newpol.org/review/sky-without-light-vietnamese-tragedy/
1773:, vol. I, Pygmalion – Gérard Watelet, Paris, 1988, pp. 399–406
712:
was forced to cede the three southern Vietnamese provinces of
1595:
Revolutionnaires Vietnamiens et pouvoir colonial en Indochine
1429:"Land codes and the state in French Cochinchina c. 1900–1940"
576:
kings who fought on behalf of their vassals, the Cambodians.
117:
79:
67:
1312:(Digital ed.). Harper & Brothers (published 2007).
1200:
Yule, Sir Henry Yule, A. C. Burnell, William Crooke (1995).
1177:
The Propagation of Islam in the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago
854:, and to widespread agrarian and labor unrest in 1930-32.
403:) greatly expanded its territory in 1470 under the emperor
88:
82:
64:
1571:
In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary
1490:
In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary
1179:. Malaysian Sociological Research Institute. p. 316.
1070:
1068:
114:
1629:
Tyson, James L. (1974). "Labor Unions in South Vietnam".
1380:
Llewellyn, Jennifer; Jim Southey; Steve Thompson (2018).
221:
to the south. The two domains bordered each other on the
70:
704:. Later on, the French defeated the Nguyễn army at the
638:, but were forced to relinquish these conquests in the
968:
was likely among the first to explain the meaning of "
784:
In 1887, the colony became a confederal member of the
502:
However, this arrangement did not last long. In 1592,
1695:"Inequality and Insurgency in Vietnam: A re-analysis"
836:), and of other underground nationalist parties (the
828:". These migrants brought south the influence of the
111:
108:
85:
73:
61:
58:
1982:
Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
1108:Michael Arthur Aung-Thwin; Kenneth R. Hall (2011).
972:" in his 1837 scientific article; see quotation in
927:as head of state, was then officially established.
518:
Cochinchina Kingdom of the Nguyen lords (1600–1774)
293:Cochin China ("Cocincina") exterior and "Lũy Sầy,"
148:
76:
41:
or Cochinchina in 1867, including Lower Cochinchina
1979:(1849). "Geography of the Cochin-Chinese Empire".
1547:. Berkeley, California: University of California.
1368:Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858–1954
1165:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. p. 211n.
1760:, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 113–116.
1335:Ruschenberger, William Samuel Waithman (2007) .
347:
312:
266:
258:
231:
239:, was called Cochinchina by most Europeans and
1865:The six provinces of Lower Cochinchina in 1863
265:) and "Cochin China" as "Cocincina interior" (
1597:. François Maspero, Paris. 1975, Appendix 24.
961:
959:
450:, and which in turn derived from the Chinese
8:
1226:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1074:
892:. In the course of what became known as the
592:Cochinchina Empire of the Nguyễn (1802–1862)
442:(unrealated to Indian or Japanese cities of
302:
1545:Vietnamese anticolonialism, 1885–1925
1405:Pierre Brocheux and Daniel Hémery (2001),
913:Provisional Government of Southern Vietnam
911:. In 1948, Cochinchina was renamed as the
540:In 1600 after returning from Tonkin, lord
475:in India, their first headquarters in the
917:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
888:surrendered Japanese troops, triggered a
804:, and was represented by a deputy in the
579:During the late 18th century emerged the
1841:Cochinchina in 1829 under Nguyễn Dynasty
1573:. Oakland CA: AK Press. pp. 54–55.
697:in the South. On 17 February 1859, they
602:Final unification of Vietnam came under
288:
31:
2014:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1831:
1010:
955:
915:. It was merged the next year with the
857:In 1936 the formation in France of the
2046:Former countries in Vietnamese history
1758:The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam
1382:"Conquest and Colonisation of Vietnam"
1219:
532:1771 Map of Tonkin and Cochinchina by
850:. Such conditions contributed to the
669:For a series of complex reasons, the
229:by Europeans, and the southern part,
7:
1492:. Oakland CA: AK Press. p. 51.
207:Highest resolution map (3500 × 6111)
1787:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1366:Pierre Brocheux and Daniel Hémery,
1247:. SEAP Publications. pp. 63–.
934:and temporary partition of Vietnam
548:established a trading community at
273:). In this classic 1838 map, the
225:. The northern section was called
25:
1141:. SEAP Publications. p. 72.
634:and surrounding territory in the
619:, and the Americans in 1833 sent
2019:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1370:, La Découverte, 2004, pp. 34–35
890:general uprising on September 23
104:
54:
1433:Journal of Historical Geography
654:Colonial Cochinchina: 1862–1945
626:Gia Long's successors (see the
1643:10.1080/00927678.1974.10587653
1530:'White Gold' or 'White Blood'?
1460:'White Gold' or 'White Blood'?
1096:: Viagens, Visoes, e Encontros
788:. Unlike the protectorates of
558:civil war with the Trịnh lords
514:conquered the last Mạc lands.
175:
1:
1515:Vietnamese Tradition on Trial
1114:. Routledge. pp. 158–.
824:and the coastal lowlands of
446:), which referred to all of
1619:(accessed 10 October 2019).
1475:Violence and Colonial Order
942:", under the presidency of
352:) was reorganized from the
307:), whose principal city is
149:
2067:
1756:Duiker, Wiliam J. (1981),
1693:Paige, Jeffery M. (1970).
1673:10.1177/0967828X9700500304
1427:Cleary, Mark (July 2003).
872:Trotskyist left opposition
766:until 1924 when the three
730:
657:
621:diplomatist Edmund Roberts
595:
521:
367:
253:, in his 1838 map, called
1783:Chapman, Jessica (2013).
1341:. Harper & Brothers.
1206:. Routledge. p. 34.
995:Notes on Vietnam History,
852:1916 Cochinchina uprising
786:Union of French Indochina
681:troops arriving from the
640:war between 1841 and 1845
636:war between 1831 and 1834
257:as "Cocincina exterior" (
166:
138:
1853:Cochinchina in 1832–1841
1806:Notes on Vietnam History
1665:South East Asia Research
1092:Fernão Mendes Pinto e a
974:Notes on Vietnam History
649:Map of French Indochina.
473:princely state of Cochin
1771:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1729:Van (2010), pp. 116–139
1543:Marr, David G. (1970).
1175:Gordon, Alijah (2001).
894:Southern Resistance War
724:to France in June 1862
1445:10.1006/jhge.2002.0465
923:, with former emperor
843:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
792:(central Vietnam) and
691:Nguyen Dynasty Vietnam
650:
537:
383:
348:
338:(Central Vietnam) and
313:
303:
298:
267:
259:
232:
210:
158:
130:
42:
2028:at Wikimedia Commons
1803:Vu Quoc Loc (2023a),
1051:. SEAP Publications.
1032:10.1093/past/94.1.131
710:Vietnamese government
648:
596:Further information:
531:
392:(Chinese characters:
377:
368:Further information:
292:
282:, a tributary to the
217:to the north and the
197:
35:
2041:Geography of Vietnam
1769:Philippe Franchini,
1135:Li, Tana Li (1998).
768:Apostolic Vicariates
733:Cochinchina campaign
671:Second French Empire
407:, at the expense of
342:(Northern Vietnam).
1925:Cochinchina in 1929
1913:Cochinchina in 1906
1901:Cochinchina in 1882
1889:Cochinchina in 1878
1877:Cochinchina in 1876
932:First Indochina War
909:First Indochina War
832:of Nguyen Ai Quoc (
683:Spanish East Indies
677:, with the help of
301:Lower Cochinchina (
1809:, Internet Archive
1744:2011-12-19 at the
1667:. 5 (3): 269–293.
1020:Past & Present
861:government led by
660:French Cochinchina
651:
613:East India Company
546:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
538:
416:Portuguese traders
384:
370:History of Vietnam
322:French Cochinchina
299:
211:
179:) is a historical
43:
2024:Media related to
2010:Li, Tana (1998).
1977:Gutzlaff, Charles
1711:on 25 August 2004
1606:Van (2010), p. 16
1569:Van, Ngo (2010).
1488:Van, Ngo (2010).
1415:978-2-7071-3412-7
1254:978-0-87727-722-4
1121:978-1-136-81964-3
1075:Vu Quoc Loc 2023a
1045:Li, Tana (1998).
997:for more details.
966:Jean-Louis Taberd
806:National Assembly
695:Lower Cochinchina
581:Tây Sơn Rebellion
358:Geneva Conference
304:Basse-Cochinchine
251:Jean-Louis Taberd
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16:(Redirected from
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1304:Roberts, Edmund
1302:
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1297:
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1001:
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980:
964:
957:
952:
885:
868:Communist Party
830:Communist Party
818:Red River Delta
814:First World War
755:
735:
667:
665:French conquest
662:
656:
604:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
600:
554:Chey Chettha II
526:
520:
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201:'s 1838 map of
107:
98:
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23:
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12:
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5:
2064:
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2054:
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2017:
2016:
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1971:
1968:
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1958:Kampuchea Krom
1955:
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1593:Daniel Hemery
1586:
1579:
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1553:
1535:
1520:
1505:
1498:
1480:
1477:. p. 145.
1465:
1450:
1439:(3): 356–375.
1419:
1398:
1372:
1359:
1327:
1295:
1269:Crawfurd, John
1260:
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1003:
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999:
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655:
652:
628:Nguyễn dynasty
598:Nguyễn dynasty
594:
593:
560:in the north.
534:Rigobert Bonne
522:Main article:
519:
516:
365:
362:
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24:
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13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2063:
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1702:cambridge.org
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1631:Asian Affairs
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1622:
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1580:9781849350136
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1532:. p. 51.
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1386:Alpha History
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991:Adolf Bastian
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940:South Vietnam
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910:
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859:Popular Front
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809:
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176:Jiāozhǐ zhīnà
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1986:
1980:
1953:Mekong Delta
1820:CC BY-SA 4.0
1811:, retrieved
1805:
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1706:the original
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2026:Cochinchina
1559:pp. 230–231
1409:, p. 178. (
901:Ho Chi Minh
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485:Mạc dynasty
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1796:References
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1288:2 February
1026:(1): 134.
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919:, and the
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764:Đàng Trong
731:See also:
722:Định Tường
632:Phnom Penh
524:Đàng Trong
504:Trịnh Tùng
493:Lê dynasty
422:landed in
364:Background
356:after the
269:Đàng Trong
261:Đàng Ngoài
234:Đàng Trong
139:កូសាំងស៊ីន
127:Vietnamese
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1271:(2006) .
1222:cite book
1098:. p. 176.
1005:Citations
905:Viet Minh
863:Leon Blum
747:Vĩnh Long
608:Minh Mạng
512:Trịnh Tạc
458:Cantonese
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280:Son River
223:Son River
150:Kosăngsin
144:romanized
1931:See also
1742:Archived
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1528:Murray.
1473:Thomas.
1458:Murray.
1391:4 August
1352:25 April
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718:Gia Định
714:Biên Hòa
699:captured
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465:Giao Chỉ
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1828:Gallery
1813:27 June
993:. See
925:Bảo Đại
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743:Hà Tiên
687:Đà Nẵng
679:Spanish
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