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it if necessary. The technician selects a color for each object based on common "memory" colors—such as blue sky, white clouds, flesh tones, and green grass—and on any information about colors used in the movie. If color publicity stills or props are available to examine, authentic colors may be applied. In the absence of any better information, technicians may choose colors that fit the gray level and are consistent with what a director might have wanted for the scene. The software associates a variation of the basic color with each gray level in the object, while keeping intensity levels the same as in the monochrome original. The software then follows each object from frame to frame, applying the same color until the object leaves the frame. As new objects come into the frame, the technician must associate colors to each new object in the same way as described above. This technique was patented in 1991.
40:
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566:. Only one episode survived in color; the rest existed only as black-and-white film recordings. The only known color recording was a poor-quality over-the-air recording of an abridged broadcast in the United States. In the 1990s, the BBC colorized the black-and-white copies by adding the color signal from the over-the-air recordings. The result was judged a success by both technicians and fans. In March 2008, it was announced that new technology, which involves detecting color artifacts ("
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adding color to black and white films, even if it's only to the tape shown on TV or sold in stores, is vandalism nonetheless." Roger Ebert added, "What was so wrong about black and white movies in the first place? By filming in black and white, movies can sometimes be more dreamlike and elegant and stylized and mysterious. They can add a whole additional dimension to reality, while color sometimes just supplies additional unnecessary information."
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481:'s character can be seen wearing a bright-red cape while the rest of the scene remained monochrome. The scene was toned sepia, and then the cape was painted red, either by stencil or by matrix. Then, a sulfur solution was applied to everything but the dyed parts, turning the sepia into blue tone. The process was named after its inventor, Max Handschiegl. This effect, as well as a missing color sequence, were recreated in 1996 for a
762:(1937), became the first black-and-white films to be redistributed in color using the digital colorization process, leading to controversy. Defenders of the process noted that it would allow black-and-white films to have new audiences of people who were not used to the format. Detractors complained (among other reasons) that the process was crude and claimed that, even if it were refined, it would not take into account
602:
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1235:(2003) was broadcast on television and released on DVD in 2005. There had previously been full-color documentaries about World War II using genuine color footage, but since true color film was not practical for moving pictures at the time of World War I, the series consists of colorized contemporary footage (and photographs). Several documentaries on the
262:. To cut time and expense, Ladd's process skipped every other frame, cutting the frame rate in half; this technique considerably degraded the quality and timing of the original animation, to the extent that some animation was not carried over or mistakenly altered. The most recent redrawn colorized black-and-white cartoons are the
1104:, was colored for theatrical release all over the world by the Indian Academy of Arts and Animation (IAAA) in association with Sankranti Creations. Since 2013, Livepixel Technologies, founded by Rajeev Dwivedi has been the sole player in film colorization business and almost completed more than 100 titles related with World War.
1004:(Public Law 100-446), which prohibits any person from knowingly distributing or exhibiting to the public a film that has been materially altered, or a black and white film that has been colorized and is included in the Registry, unless such films are labeled disclosing specified information. This law also created the
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367:'s Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering describe their method as an interactive process that does not require precise manual region detection, nor accurate tracking; it is based on the premise that adjacent pixels in space and time that have similar gray levels should also have similar colors.
351:
Legend Films describes their core technology as pattern recognition and background compositing that moves and morphs foreground and background masks from frame to frame. In the process, backgrounds are colorized separately in a single composite frame which functions as a visual database of a cut, and
328:
film print available is used. With the aid of computer software, technicians associate a range of gray levels to each object and indicate to the computer any movement of the objects within a shot. The software is also capable of sensing variations in the light level from frame-to-frame and correcting
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at the time, and, as a result, Markle and Holmes responded by returning Capra's initial investment, eliminating his financial participation, and refusing outright to allow the director to exercise artistic control over the colorization of his films, leading Capra to join in the campaign against the
900:
addressing colorization as "Hollywood's New
Vandalism". Siskel explained how networks were unable to show classic black-and-white films in prime-time unless they offer it in color. "They arrest people who spray subway cars, they lock up people who attack paintings and sculptures in museums, and
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technology, the notion of colorization was once again gaining press. Because the DVD format was more versatile, studios could offer viewers the option to choose between both versions without switching discs, and thus, the release of colorized titles once again seemed profitable. Some companies
119:
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Inc., and, on the basis of their review, we have decided not to proceed with colorization of the movie. ... While a court test might uphold our legal right to colorize the film, provisions of the contract could be read to prohibit colorization without permission of the Welles
359:
technology that produces saturated and crisp colors with clear lines and no apparent spill-over. The process is cost effective because it relies on computers rather than human effort, and is equally suitable for low-budget colorization and broadcast-quality or theatrical
299:
networks. With computer technology, studios were able to add color to black-and-white films by digitally tinting single objects in each frame of the film until it was fully colorized (the first authorized computer-colorizations of B&W cartoons were commissioned by
172:'s coloring lab in Paris. Thuillier, a former colorist of glass and celluloid products, directed a studio of two hundred people painting directly on film stock with brushes, in the colors she chose and specified; each worker was assigned a different color in
91:, or other monochrome moving-picture images. It may be done as a special effect, to "modernize" black-and-white films, or to restore color segregation. The first examples date from the early 20th century, but colorization has become common with the advent of
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Computerized colorization began in the 1970s using the technique invented by Wilson Markle. These early attempts at colorization have soft contrast and fairly pale, flat, washed-out color; however, the technology has improved steadily since the 1980s.
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to set a binding precedent in 1991 that prevents the distribution or broadcasting in France of any colorized version of a film against the wishes of the original creator or their heirs. Major legislative reaction in the United States was the
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movie premiere with footage of the premiere's reenactment. The colorization by Legend Films was designed to look like normal three-strip film but was then color corrected to match the two-strip look of the premiere's reenactment. Also in
1166:(in which the lead characters kiss) was added to the film's 40th anniversary release. A challenge that still plagues colorization efforts is the fact that the colorized black-and-white film may not match film shot originally in color;
1174:, wanted to edit the scene back into the film but found the colors between the scenes did not match well enough to do so. Kleiser is optimistic that colorization technology will be advanced enough to match true color by 2028, when
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on DVD. Because the first season was produced in black-and-white, Sony released two versions of the set: one with the episodes as originally broadcast and a second with the episodes colorized. A year later, the second season of
2007:
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Colorization has also been used to restore scenes from color films that were cut from the finished product but were preserved in black-and-white. In 2018, the originally intended closing scene to the 1978 film
2091:
1128:, another show owned by Sony, were released the same way. These releases were colorized by Dynacs Digital Studios, a Florida-based company with film colorization and animation studios in Patna, India.
1899:
118:
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was once an aggressive proponent of this process, by employing the San Diego firm
American Film Technologies. When he told members of the press in July 1988 that he was considering colorizing
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Partial colorization has also been utilized on footage shot in color to enhance commercials and broadcast television to further facilitate the director's artistic vision. As an example,
1924:
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1997:
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In order to colorize a still image, an artist typically begins by dividing the image into regions, and then assigning a color to each region. This approach, also known as the
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should again be on the cutting edge of change, this time heralding the age of
Colorization as the first completed Color version of a classic black and white motion picture.
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have worked with the company to colorize either their own films or their personal favorites. Two movies that Legend Films are noted for is the colorization of the
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The earliest form of colorization introduced limited color into a black-and-white film using dyes, as a visual effect. The earliest Edison films, most notably the
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method. These were then utilized by SVS Resources to interpolate the color across the intervening surrounding frames using a part computerized/part manual process.
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color. The color design was based on color photographs taken at the same time as the special was shot. More Beatle footage was colorized for the 2016 documentary
291:
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where some episodes originally produced in color only exist in black-and-white. However, there are no plans to use colorization on BBC programmes originally
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John Huston's opposition to the colorization of his work led to a landmark three-year French legal case after his death, sparked by a colorized version of
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2240:
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to identify fuzzy or complex region boundaries, such as those between a subject's hair and face. Colorization of moving images also requires
272:
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includes all offset data on each camera movement. Once the foreground areas are colorized, background masks are applied frame-to-frame.
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style, with more than twenty separate colors often used for a single film. Thuillier's lab produced about sixty hand-colored copies of
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1856:
1400:
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1340:—many of the issues involved in colorization, such as object edge identification/recognition, are also encountered in 3-D conversion
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became one of the first studios to venture into the business of computerized film colorization. Buying a 50 percent interest in
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685:(2004), which already made heavy use of digitally generated sets and objects, integrated black-and-white 1940s footage of Sir
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based on Grant's enthusiasm. Colorization, Inc.'s art director Brian Holmes screened ten minutes of colorized footage from
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180:, but only one copy is known to still exist today. The first full-length feature film made by a hand-colored process was
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1967:
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to Capra, which led Capra to sign a contract with
Colorization, Inc. However, the film was believed to be in the
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450:, a stencil process that required cutting one or more stencils for each film frame with the aid of a reducing
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This article is about colorization of monochrome moving-picture images. For colorization of still images, see
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Because of the high cost of the process, Turner
Entertainment stopped colorizing titles. With the coming of
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episodes since they have no color information available and so cannot be recovered using these methods.
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750:'s Colorization, Inc., it began creating digitally colored versions of some of its films. Roach's
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2002:
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1042:. Their patented automated process was used to colorize around 100 films between 2003 and 2009.
1067:, for which certain color schemes were used to create a psychedelic effect in its viewers, and
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The first film colorization methods were hand done by individuals. For example, at least 4% of
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which would not necessarily be as effective in color. Figures opposed to the process included
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A highly labor-intensive process employed by the UK-based film and video colorization artist
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2139:"The Beatles - Help! [Blackpool Night Out, ABC Theatre, Blackpool, United Kingdom]"
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2084:"Danny and Sandy finally get their movie-ending 'Grease' kiss, 40 years after it was cut"
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of black and white copies that still have color information in them from color recordings
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process. As late as the 1920s, hand coloring processes were used for individual shots in
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1258:. This was the first time a major sports event had been rebroadcast using colorization.
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actor Jimmy
Stewart criticized efforts to colorize old black-and-white films, including
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A number of
British television shows which were made in color in the early 1970s were
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method, is laborious and time-consuming, especially in the absence of fully automatic
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1206:(1967). In the documentary, this scene begins in its original black-and-white before
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570:") in high-resolution scans of black-and-white films, will be used to restore other
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video frame) were fully colorized by hand, without the use of masks, layers, or the
254:, color was added by tracing the original black-and-white frames onto new animation
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385:, in conjunction with video restoration company SVS Resources, was employed by the
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and was first used in 1970 to add color to monochrome footage of the moon from the
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277:
246:
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Siskel & Ebert & The Movies-Colorization, Hollywood's New
Vandalism (4of4)
2327:
Siskel & Ebert & The Movies-Colorization, Hollywood's New
Vandalism (3of4)
2322:
Siskel & Ebert & The Movies-Colorization, Hollywood's New
Vandalism (2of4)
2317:
Siskel & Ebert & The Movies-Colorization, Hollywood's New Vandalism (1of4)
1809:"AMERICAN FILM TECHNOLOGIES INC /DE/ – AFTC Annual Report (10-K) ITEM 1. BUSINESS"
924:
for Turner Entertainment. Criticism increased with the AP's report that filmmaker
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Both film and television restoration and colorization is produced by the company
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rereleased the older colorized versions from the 1980s—an example of this is the
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Several companies claim to have produced automatic region-tracking algorithms:
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407:. For these projects, approximately 7,000 key-frames (approximately every 5th
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916:, Turner's comments led to an immediate public outcry. In January 1989 the
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in the 2010s, which are timed to air on Friday nights in holiday periods.
698:(2005), Martin Scorsese seamlessly blended colorized stock footage of the
435:
series, were also the earliest examples of colorization, done by painting
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2053:
1608:
Edgerton, Gary R. (Winter 2000). "The Germans Wore Gray, You Wore Blue".
763:
471:(1917). Another early example of the Handschiegl process can be found in
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with many written resources and many photographs of hand colored prints.
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TV show colorizes some footage of the band, such as the performance of "
804:
met with Wilson Markle about colorizing the perennial Christmas classic
17:
2275:
Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States
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503:
436:
190:
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was reportedly "very gung-ho with the outcome" of the colorization of
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and newly discovered black and white footage in the director's cut of
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cartoons and among others were redistributed in color. Supervised by
1798:, Siskel & Ebert, Buena Vista Television, 1986; air date unknown
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1945:
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films for DVD release. The studio was given access to the original
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344:, tracking regions as movement occurs from one frame to the next.
113:
38:
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feature colorized war footage from the Second World War and the
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props and sets to lend authenticity to the colorized versions.
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To perform digital colorization, a digitized copy of the best
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2171:"Telegraph launches ad campaign for First World War giveaway"
1393:
La couleur retrouvée du Voyage dans la Lune de Georges Méliès
1683:(Media notes). Hal Roach Studios Film Classics, Inc. 1985.
1250:, originally broadcast in black-and-white and recorded on
1085:, had regained control of the copyright in the 1990s) and
920:
reported that two companies were producing color tests of
295:
cartoons, which were colorized in 1987 for airing on the
228:
These colorization methods were employed until effective
672:(2000) uses colorized news footage from the time of the
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were made for export to countries that did not yet have
542:
for economic reasons, but in some cases black-and-white
521:
Further information on the colorization technique:
304:
in 1990). The initial process was invented by Canadian
189:
The process was always done by hand, sometimes using a
2313:
on colorization of black-and-white films, four parts:
1946:"The Complete Citizen Kane' documentary is now online"
738:
List of black-and-white films that have been colorized
213:); and rarely, an entire feature-length movie such as
27:
Practice of adding color to monochrome motion pictures
1923:. John Antczyk, Associated Press, February 14, 1989.
1886:"Turner Says It's Testing To Colorize 'Citizen Kane'"
1027:, commissioned West Wing Studios to colorize several
939:
On February 14, 1989, Turner Entertainment president
374:, a color propagation method was developed that uses
1254:, was colorized by Legend Films for the documentary
2421:
2376:
2295:
Hand coloring on Timeline of Historical Film Colors
727:
Colorization examples, criticism, and controversies
2303:with many examples of digitally colourised photos.
1998:"Film Makers Are Victors In a Lawsuit on Coloring"
955:Inc. and Orson Welles and his production company,
662:Colorization is also sometimes used on historical
485:restoration by computer colorization (see below).
232:were developed. Around 1968-1972, black-and-white
1367:Moving Color: Early Film, Mass Culture, Modernism
1297:for a sports broadcast special in December 2008.
193:cut from a second print of the film, such as the
2354:
1957:The footage appears at approximately 1:17:00.
1395:(in French). Capricci Editions. p. 169.
951:Our attorneys looked at the contract between
8:
2260:"The Times" report, 19 November 2018, page 3
1789:Colorizing, Hollywood's New Vandalism (1986)
1544:"Putting colour back in the Doctor's cheeks"
1370:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 71–74.
964:One minute of the colorized test footage of
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1573:"Doctor Who Restoration Team Official Site"
928:remembered that, shortly before his death,
630:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
258:, and then adding color to the new cels in
2361:
2347:
2339:
1073:. Recently (2007), Legend Films colorized
389:in 2013 for the commercial release of two
2054:"Stooges DVD revives colorization debate"
1391:Wemaere, Gilles; Duval, Séverine (2011).
650:Learn how and when to remove this message
83:]) is any process that adds color to
766:compositions chosen for black-and-white
713:from the original black-and-white film,
666:in color movies. For instance, the film
150:from 1902 and other major films such as
1467:"Canadian Intellectual Property Office"
1356:
837:The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
355:Timebrush describes a process based on
1859:The Museum of Broadcast Communications
1610:Journal of Popular Film and Television
1002:National Film Preservation Act of 1988
584:in black-and-white, such as the 1960s
1948:. Wellesnet, May 13, 2013. 2013-05-13
1921:"We'll Never Know If Rosebud Was Red"
1832:Bawden, James, "Colorful Turner sees
709:, Scorsese used colorized footage of
682:Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow
7:
2211:from the original on 14 October 2021
1493:"Annotation of colorization methods"
1293:, was colorized by Legend Films for
628:adding citations to reliable sources
2181:from the original on 3 October 2017
2169:Bowser, Jacquie (8 November 2007).
1728:Krauthammer, Charles (1987-01-12).
1265:'s well-received 2018 documentary,
144:' output, including some prints of
1186:Colorization is sometimes used on
1020:box set being released in the UK.
834:On a December 27, 1989 episode of
492:provided partial colorization for
168:were individually hand-colored by
25:
2094:from the original on May 22, 2018
2082:Alexander, Bryan (May 21, 2018).
2029:"The Laurel and Hardy Collection"
1518:"Babelcolour Video Colourisation"
110:List of early color feature films
1761:"Carpra's Movies Lead New Lives"
1417:"The colorized cartoon database"
1307:
1109:Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
1098:In 2004, a classic Indian film,
943:announced that work to colorize
872:
853:
600:
2301:Tom Marshall - Photo Colouriser
2243:from the original on 2022-08-02
2151:from the original on 2022-12-28
2120:from the original on 2010-12-28
2064:from the original on 2011-05-19
2035:from the original on 2007-04-09
2010:from the original on 2009-06-16
1996:Riding, Alan (25 August 1991).
1927:from the original on 2014-01-06
1902:from the original on 2014-01-06
1846:I'm thinking of colorizing it."
1815:from the original on 2011-07-10
1660:from the original on 2016-04-08
1579:from the original on 2020-02-04
1554:from the original on 2013-12-04
1542:Charles Norton (6 March 2008).
1524:from the original on 2016-04-15
1473:from the original on 2011-10-08
1333:Turner Classic Movies / History
1271:, black and white footage from
689:into scenes by colorizing him.
574:episodes as well as shows like
43:Color applied to the 1925 film
2201:"World War 1 In Colour (2003)"
1323:National Film Preservation Act
1217:The Beatles: Eight Days a Week
1178:reaches its 50th anniversary.
1136:colorized a number of episodes
395:serials: the first episode of
365:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
2116:. Beatles Reference Library.
1279:The Greatest Game Ever Played
1111:released the first season of
1649:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
1220:, such as a performance of "
932:had implored him to protect
679:The full-color feature film
1968:"The Complete Citizen Kane"
1863:. Museum.tv. Archived from
1738:. p. 3. Archived from
209:(1925) (both utilizing the
2516:
1702:"Roach Enters Home Market"
1210:into seemingly realistic,
1091:in 2008 for rights holder
968:was included in a special
879:... and colorized in 2004.
735:
719:and dog fight scenes from
531:
520:
432:Annabelle Serpentine Dance
153:The Kingdom of the Fairies
107:
29:
2490:Film and video technology
1622:10.1080/01956050009602812
1285:Championship between the
976:The Complete Citizen Kane
894:did a special episode of
459:Handschiegl Color Process
211:Handschiegl color process
2449:Super-resolution imaging
2277:(pg 9, August 1, 2000),
1811:. Sec.edgar-online.com.
1275:trenches was colorized.
1122:and the first season of
862:Night of the Living Dead
732:Entertainment make-overs
439:dyes onto the emulsion.
292:The Captain and the Kids
222:The Last Days of Pompeii
206:The Phantom of the Opera
126:A hand-colored print of
93:digital image processing
1654:American Film Institute
1364:Yumibe, Joshua (2012).
1268:They Shall Not Grow Old
1229:The documentary series
1070:Plan 9 from Outer Space
1023:Other studios, such as
372:University of Minnesota
2114:"Anthology Home Video"
1972:British Film Institute
1836:in a different light".
1730:"Casablanca In Color?"
1685:It seems fitting that
1200:" from the TV special
1182:Documentary make-overs
1153:The Dick Van Dyke Show
1147:The Andy Griffith Show
1006:National Film Registry
962:
936:from being colorized.
886:In 1986, film critics
865:, colorized in 1986...
137:
53:
46:Lights of Old Broadway
1232:World War 1 in Colour
1193:The Beatles Anthology
1075:It's a Wonderful Life
949:
843:It's a Wonderful Life
824:It's a Wonderful Life
807:It's a Wonderful Life
483:Photoplay Productions
165:The Barber of Seville
159:The Impossible Voyage
133:The Impossible Voyage
125:
42:
2231:"Made-for-TV legend"
1898:, January 30, 1989.
1198:All You Need Is Love
997:French copyright law
756:(1937), followed by
692:In his feature film
674:Cuban Missile Crisis
624:improve this section
550:. An example is the
474:Phantom of the Opera
425:Partial colorization
420:Uses of colorization
404:Terror of the Zygons
316:Digital colorization
230:color film processes
2495:Canadian inventions
1742:on November 6, 2007
1338:2D to 3D conversion
1256:Jim Nantz Remembers
1081:(whose subsidiary,
957:Mercury Productions
342:motion compensation
170:Elisabeth Thuillier
51:Handschiegl process
2422:Special processing
2175:CampaignLive.co.uk
2003:The New York Times
1842:, July 28, 1988. "
1794:2016-12-20 at the
1248:Masters Tournament
1170:, the director of
1125:I Dream of Jeannie
1093:Universal Pictures
1079:Paramount Pictures
1025:Sony Entertainment
995:successfully used
988:The Asphalt Jungle
978:, produced by the
947:had been stopped:
897:Siskel & Ebert
509:Bombs Over Baghdad
494:Dave Matthews Band
216:Cyrano de Bergerac
178:A Trip to the Moon
147:A Trip to the Moon
138:
54:
2477:
2476:
2464:Pixel art scaling
2429:Film colorization
2239:. 27 March 2007.
2205:cosmolearning.org
2060:. 9 August 2004.
1083:Republic Pictures
1060:exploitation film
744:Hal Roach Studios
660:
659:
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499:The Space Between
477:(1925), in which
461:was invented for
376:geodesic distance
264:Fleischer Studios
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57:Film colorization
16:(Redirected from
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1328:TNT (TV channel)
1317:
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1018:Laurel and Hardy
918:Associated Press
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687:Laurence Olivier
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548:color television
506:'s music videos
463:Cecil B. DeMille
398:The Mind of Evil
383:Stuart Humphryes
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77:Canadian English
61:American English
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991:. His daughter
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523:Splash of color
496:'s music video
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1442:"COLORIZATION"
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1064:Reefer Madness
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363:A team at the
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310:Apollo program
276:cartoons, the
268:Famous Studios
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81:Oxford English
32:Hand-colouring
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1867:on 2011-01-27
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1861:: Ted Turner"
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1844:Citizen Kane?
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813:Meet John Doe
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669:Thirteen Days
665:
664:stock footage
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609:This section
607:
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457:In 1916, the
455:
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442:Around 1905,
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2459:Uncompressed
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2245:. Retrieved
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2183:. Retrieved
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2037:. Retrieved
2023:
2012:. Retrieved
2001:
1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:the original
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1940:
1929:. Retrieved
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1858:
1851:
1843:
1839:Toronto Star
1837:
1834:Citizen Kane
1833:
1828:
1817:. Retrieved
1803:
1784:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
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1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
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1712:. Retrieved
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1662:. Retrieved
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1616:(4): 24–32.
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1581:. Retrieved
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1548:The Guardian
1547:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1461:
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1446:the original
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:the original
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1190:programmes.
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1048:Jane Russell
1040:Legend Films
1037:
1022:
1010:
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969:
966:Citizen Kane
965:
963:
953:RKO Pictures
950:
945:Citizen Kane
944:
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930:Orson Welles
926:Henry Jaglom
922:Citizen Kane
921:
913:Citizen Kane
911:
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784:George Lucas
759:Way Out West
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711:Jane Russell
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622:Please help
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334:segmentation
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302:Warner Bros.
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49:through the
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2311:Roger Ebert
2307:Gene Siskel
1315:Film portal
1281:, the 1958
1212:psychedelic
1188:documentary
1141:I Love Lucy
1088:Holiday Inn
1052:Terry Moore
941:Roger Mayer
905:Media mogul
892:Roger Ebert
888:Gene Siskel
802:Frank Capra
800:. Director
788:Woody Allen
780:John Huston
772:Roger Ebert
768:photography
707:The Aviator
695:The Aviator
592:Integration
528:Restoration
502:as well as
490:Cerulean Fx
448:Pathéchrome
446:introduced
360:projection.
260:South Korea
219:(1925) and
203:(1924) and
183:The Miracle
2484:Categories
2413:Deflicking
2396:Comparison
2386:Deblocking
2247:2022-08-02
2215:14 October
2155:2022-12-28
2124:2007-01-01
2068:2007-01-01
2039:2007-01-01
2014:2009-04-24
1982:2014-01-06
1952:2014-01-05
1931:2014-01-05
1906:2014-01-05
1871:2009-11-01
1819:2009-11-01
1775:2009-12-24
1746:2007-01-01
1714:2016-07-03
1664:2016-06-28
1583:2007-01-01
1558:2008-03-14
1550:. London.
1528:2013-11-15
1503:2007-01-01
1477:2007-01-01
1452:2007-01-01
1427:2007-01-01
1351:References
1241:Korean War
1208:dissolving
908:Ted Turner
794:Cary Grant
736:See also:
716:The Outlaw
640:March 2017
586:Doctor Who
572:Doctor Who
563:The Dæmons
557:Doctor Who
479:Lon Chaney
452:pantograph
392:Doctor Who
357:neural net
338:algorithms
312:missions.
235:Betty Boop
195:Pathécolor
108:See also:
71:], or
2444:Film look
2408:Denoising
2185:3 October
2088:USA Today
1707:Billboard
1630:159900256
1252:kinescope
1246:The 1960
1203:Our World
1120:Bewitched
1114:Bewitched
1107:In 2005,
982:in 1991.
831:process.
742:In 1983,
676:of 1962.
611:does not
568:dot crawl
252:Fred Ladd
241:Krazy Kat
186:of 1912.
2469:Telecine
2391:Resizing
2241:Archived
2209:Archived
2179:Archived
2149:Archived
2118:Archived
2092:Archived
2062:Archived
2033:Archived
2008:Archived
1925:Archived
1900:Archived
1813:Archived
1792:Archived
1658:Archived
1644:"Topper"
1577:Archived
1552:Archived
1522:Archived
1471:Archived
1301:See also
1289:and the
764:lighting
582:produced
465:'s film
225:(1926).
18:Colorize
2433:tinting
2431: (
2144:YouTube
2098:May 23,
960:estate.
632:removed
617:sources
504:Outkast
437:aniline
370:At the
191:stencil
2281:
1687:Topper
1680:Topper
1628:
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1374:
1176:Grease
1172:Grease
1163:Grease
1054:, and
798:Topper
786:, and
753:Topper
560:story
297:Turner
285:, and
273:Popeye
162:, and
136:(1904)
2500:Color
2058:MSNBC
1765:MSNBC
1626:S2CID
1222:Help!
971:Arena
540:wiped
515:Roses
444:Pathé
200:Greed
89:sepia
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2309:and
2279:ISBN
2217:2021
2187:2017
2100:2018
1735:Time
1397:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1295:ESPN
1150:and
1134:has
1077:for
934:Kane
890:and
816:and
615:any
613:cite
512:and
256:cels
244:and
79:and
1618:doi
1283:NFL
1261:In
1138:of
1132:CBS
1013:DVD
980:BBC
626:by
552:BBC
409:PAL
387:BBC
289:'s
287:MGM
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