534:
detecting natural commensals and triggering immune response when toxic microbes are present. Failure of homeostasis due to trauma, drugs and infectious microbes not only damages the gut but can lead to influx of damaging agents into the bloodstream. These mechanisms have relevance for multiple conditions affecting all areas of the world and socioeconomic groups such as ulcers, inflammation, and infectious diarrhea. There is currently much interest in the potential value of colostrum for the prevention and treatment of these conditions as it is derived from natural sources and can influence damaging factors through multiple pathways including nutritional support, immunological intervention (through its immunoglobulin and other anti-microbial factors) and growth/healing factor constituents. As pointed out by Kelly, inconsistency between results in some published studies may be due in part to variation in dose given and to the timing of the colostrum collection being tested (first milking versus pooled colostrum collected up to day 5 following calving).
360:
natural antimicrobials, antioxidants; and a range of immunoglobulins such as IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM and IgE. It is well established that minimal levels of IgG are essential to prevent failure of passive transfer. The iron-binding glycoproteins lactoferrin and transferrin in bovine colostrum assist in attacking pathogens by impacting their cell membrane and making them more susceptible to the immune systems attack by neutrophils. Cytokines present in bovine colostrum enhance B and T cell maturation and increase endogenous antibody production. They also play a major role in regulation of epithelial cell growth and development, proliferation, and restitution. Transfer factors enhance the activity of T cells. Other growth and immune factors such as IGF-1, IGF-2, FGF, EGF, TGF, PDGF, etc.
447:
lactoferrin and transferrin in bovine colostrum assist in attacking pathogens by impacting their cell membrane and making them more susceptible to the immune systems attack by neutrophils. Cytokines present in bovine colostrum enhance B and T cell maturation and increase endogenous antibody production. They also play a major role in regulation of epithelial cell growth and development, proliferation, restitution. Transfer factors enhance the activity of T cells. Other growth and immune factors such as IGF-1, IGF-2, FGF, EGF, TGF, PDGF, etc. Colostrum contains glycomacropeptides which help to regulate appetite. Bovine colostrum boosts animal immunity, leading to stronger vaccine responses, improved gut health, and reduced illness from diarrhea and respiratory issues.
604:
in higher levels than in the population before treatment. Although some papers have been published stating that specific human pathogens were just as high as in hyperimmune colostrum, and natural colostrum nearly always had higher antibody titers than did the hyperimmune version. Clinical trials have shown that if the immunization is by surface antigens of the bacteria, the Bovine
Colostrum Powder can be used to make tablets capable of binding to the bacteria so that they are excreted in stools. This prevents the successful colonization of the gut, which would otherwise lead to bacteria releasing enterotoxigenic materials.
443:
animal is at risk of infection. Like humans, companion animal immune response changes with age where early life and later in life have similarities. That is, an immune bias whereby the animal has less of an ability to fend off infections and greater prevalence of allergy at both ends of the age spectrum. Stress also affects a companion animal's immune system including changes in environment, diet, etc. Maintaining gut microbial balance is key to maintaining a healthy immune system as well as mucosal integrity, similar to humans. Bovine colostrum has been demonstrated to benefit companion animal immunity and digestive health.
47:
617:, CLN, transfer factor and PRP. They function as signal transducing molecules that have the unique effect of modulating the immune system, turning it up when the body comes under attack from pathogens or other disease agents, and damping it when the danger is eliminated or neutralized. At first thought to actually transfer immunity from one immune system to another, it now appears that PRPs simply stimulate cell-mediated immunity.
31:
4756:
378:
456:
468:
4344:
603:
Hyperimmune colostrum is natural bovine colostrum collected from a population of cows immunized repeatedly with a specific pathogen. The colostrum is collected within 24 hours of the cow giving birth. Antibodies towards the specific pathogens or antigens that were used in the immunization are present
363:
Bovine colostrum boosts immunity and gut health in all animals. Its rich bioactive components fight bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Early, high-quality colostrum is crucial for survival and healthy development. It repairs intestinal damage, improves nutrient absorption, and benefits human and
280:
While it has long been understood that the colostrum a mother produces is vital to a newborn's health in the first few days of life, research has shown that bovine (cow) colostrum and its components can continue to support important biological activities when given to more mature children and adults,
524:
Although bovine colostrum has been consumed by humans for centuries, only in recent decades have we seen an increase in randomized clinical trials to support assertions of health benefits. It is probable that little absorption of intact growth factors and antibodies into the bloodstream occurs, due
359:
The role of colostrum for newborn animals is to provide nutrition, and essential protection against infection while the immune and digestive systems are developing and maturing. Bovine colostrum provides macro- and micro-nutrients, as well as growth factors, cytokines, nucleosides, oligosaccharides,
337:
Early life nutrition: While colostrum and breast milk are a critical part of newborn nutrition, research has shown that colostrum has continued benefits in children over the age of one. As a component in early life nutrition, colostrum can help to support children's immune systems, soothe digestive
341:
Sports nutrition: Bovine colostrum contains several bioactives that help support sports nutrition, including immunoglobulins and growth factors. These bioactives combine to help maintain a healthy immune system during the stress during athletic training, while supporting cellular proliferation and
533:
The gut plays several important roles including acting as the main pathway for fluid, electrolyte and nutrient absorption while also acting as a barrier to toxic agents present in the gut lumen including acid, digestive enzymes and gut bacteria. It is also a major immunological defence mechanism,
355:
Colostrum is crucial for newborn farm animals. They receive no passive transfer of immunity via the placenta before birth, so any antibodies that they need have to be ingested (unless supplied by injection or other artificial means). The ingested antibodies are absorbed from the intestine of the
442:
survival in the newborn stage of life is largely dependent upon colostrum. Companion animal immune systems require several weeks to several months in order to fully develop. Maternal antibodies provide benefit for a relatively short period of time so a gap exists with immune sufficiency where an
529:
of the small intestine intact, where they can stimulate repair and inhibit microbes, working via local effects. This provides a probable mechanism explaining reductions in gut permeability after colostrum administration in some published studies, while another study found colostrum promising as
549:
levels may be associated with dementia in the very elderly, although causation has not been established. Malnutrition can cause low levels of IGF-1, as can obesity. Supplementation with colostrum, which is rich in IGF-1, can be a useful part of a weight reduction program. Although IGF-1 is not
537:
Some athletes have used colostrum in an attempt to improve their performance, decrease recovery time, and prevent sickness during peak performance levels. Supplementation with bovine colostrum, 20 grams per day (g/d), in combination with exercise training for eight weeks may increase bone-free
233:
Colostrum also contains a number of growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factors I (IGF-1), and II, transforming growth factors alpha, beta 1 and beta 2, fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage-stimulating growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor,
3228:
Playford, Raymond J.; Macdonald, Christopher E.; Calnan, Denis P.; Floyd, David N.; Podas, Theo; Johnson, Wendy; Wicks, Anthony C.; Bashir, O.; Marchbank, Tania (1 June 2001). "Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
2140:
Saad, Khaled; Abo-Elela, Mohamed Gamil M.; El-Baseer, Khaled A. Abd; Ahmed, Ahmed E.; Ahmad, Faisal-Alkhateeb; Tawfeek, Mostafa S. K.; El-Houfey, Amira A.; Aboul_Khair, Mohamed Diab; Abdel-Salam, Ahmad M.; Abo-elgheit, Amir; Qubaisy, Heba; Ali, Ahmed M.; Abdel-Mawgoud, Eman (September 2016).
520:
made his first oral vaccine against polio, the immunoglobulin he used came from bovine colostrum. When antibiotics began to appear, interest in colostrum waned, but, now that antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens have developed, interest is once again returning to natural alternatives to
446:
Bovine colostrum plays a role in increasing Ig levels, increasing lymphocyte proliferation stimulating activity and increasing phagocytosis activity. These are supported by other components of colostrum which further enhance the activity of the immune response. The iron binding glycoproteins
284:
Bovine colostrum and human colostrum are highly similar in their makeup, both containing many of the same antibodies, immune and growth factors, and other nutrients. Because they share so many of the same components, the way they work in the body is also highly similar. The benefit of bovine
346:
There is also research suggesting that a large proportion of colostrum is not fit for human consumption "due to tremendous bacterial loads". Salmonella was also detected in 15% of unpasteurised samples. Pasteurisation reduces the bioactive proteins many of the benefits rely upon, however.
3757:
Rasmussen, Michael Højby; Frystyk, Jan; Andersen, Teis; Breum, Leif; Christiansen, Jens
Sandahl; Hilsted, Jannik (March 1994). "The impact of obesity, fat distribution, and energy restriction on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-3, insulin, and growth hormone".
530:
treatment for distal colitis. Evidence for the beneficial effect of colostrum on extra-gastrointestinal problems is less well developed, due in part to the limited number of randomised double-blind studies published, although a variety of possible uses have been suggested.
356:
neonate. The newborn animal must receive colostrum within 6 hours of being born for maximal absorption of colostral antibodies to occur. Recent studies indicate that colostrum should be fed to bovines within the first thirty minutes to maximize IgG absorption rates.
2087:
Cesarone, Maria
Rosaria; Belcaro, Gianni; Di Renzo, Andrea; Dugall, Mark; Cacchio, Marisa; Ruffini, Irma; Pellegrini, Luciano; Del Boccio, Gilberto; Fano, Filiberto; Ledda, Andrea; Bottari, Angelica; Ricci, Andrea; Stuard, Stefano; Vinciguerra, Giulia (April 2007).
591:. It is made with both cow and buffalo milk; in both cases it is the milk produced on the second day after giving birth which is considered best for making this pudding-like delicacy. Colostrum is in very high demand in these states, resulting in product
3793:
Mero, Antti; Kähkönen, Jonne; Nykänen, Tarja; Parviainen, Tapani; Jokinen, Ilmari; Takala, Timo; Nikula, Tuomo; Rasi, Simo; Leppäluoto, Juhani (1 August 2002). "IGF-I, IgA, and IgG responses to bovine colostrum supplementation during training".
612:
These small immune signaling peptides (PRPs) were independently discovered in colostrum and other sources, such as blood plasma, in the United States, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Hence they appear under various names in the literature, including
2515:
Brinkworth, Grant D.; Buckley, Jonathan D.; Slavotinek, John P.; Kurmis, Andrew P. (1 January 2004). "Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on the composition of resistance trained and untrained limbs in healthy young men".
2964:
McConnell, Michelle A.; Buchan, Glenn; Borissenko, Michail V.; Brooks, Heather J. L. (2001). "A comparison of IgG and IgG1 activity in an early milk concentrate from non-immunised cows and a milk from hyperimmunised animals".
2562:
Duff, Whitney R. D.; Chilibeck, Philip D.; Rooke, Julianne J.; Kaviani, Mojtaba; Krentz, Joel R.; Haines, Deborah M. (June 2014). "The Effect of Bovine
Colostrum Supplementation in Older Adults During Resistance Training".
3721:
Caregaro, L.; Favaro, A.; Santonastaso, P.; Alberino, F.; Di
Pascoli, L.; Nardi, M.; Favaro, S.; Gatta, A. (June 2001). "Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a nutritional marker in patients with eating disorders".
482:
Dairy cattle are naturally exposed to pathogens and produce immunoglobulins against them. These antibodies are present in the cow's bloodstream and in the colostrum. These immunoglobulins are specific to many human
3617:
Berk, L. S.; Nieman, D. C.; Youngberg, W. S.; Arabatzis, K.; Simpson-Westerberg, M.; Lee, J. W.; Tan, S. A.; Eby, W. C. (April 1990). "The effect of long endurance running on natural killer cells in marathoners".
3546:
Hofman, Zandrie; Smeets, Rolf; Verlaan, George; Lugt, Richard V. D.; Verstappen, Peter A. (December 2002). "The Effect of Bovine
Colostrum Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Elite Field Hockey Players".
2400:
Barakat, Sana Hosny; Meheissen, Marwa Ahmed; Omar, Omneya Magdy; Elbana, Doaa Ali (5 June 2019). "Bovine
Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial".
230:(PRP). A number of cytokines (small messenger peptides that control the functioning of the immune system) are found in colostrum as well, including interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines, and others.
2340:
Mehra, Rahul; Garhwal, Renu; Sangwan, Karnam; Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Lemos, Edite
Teixeira; Buttar, Harpal Singh; Visen, Pradeep Kumar Singh; Kumar, Naveen; Bhardwaj, Anuradha; Kumar, Harish (2022-02-04).
3087:
Playford, R. J.; Woodman, A. C.; Vesey, D.; Deprez, P. H.; Calam, J.; Watanapa, P.; Williamson, R. C. N.; Clark, P. (April 1993). "Effect of luminal growth factor preservation on intestinal growth".
364:
animal babies alike. In calves, colostrum helps develop their gut and prevents death. It reduces infections, antibiotic use, and diarrhea, leading to faster growth and higher profits for farmers.
1322:
1113:
Brock, J. H.; et al. (1975). "Bactericidal and hemolytic activity of complement in bovine colostrum and serum: effect of proteolytic enzymes and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA)".
3645:
Antonio, Jose; Sanders, Michael S.; Van
Gammeren, Darin (March 2001). "The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women".
108:
in the first few days of life. The bioactives found in colostrum are essential for a newborn's health, growth and vitality. Colostrum strengthens a baby's immune system and is filled with
2480:
Buckley, J. D.; Abbott, M. J.; Brinkworth, G. D.; Whyte, P. B. D. (June 2002). "Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance".
2598:
Kotsis, Yiannis; Mikellidi, Anastasia; Aresti, Cleopatra; Persia, Eleni; Sotiropoulos, Aristomenis; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Antonopoulou, Smaragdi; Nomikos, Tzortzis (April 2018).
2600:"A low-dose, 6-week bovine colostrum supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in soccer players"
525:
to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of casein and other buffering proteins does allow growth factors and other bioactive molecules to pass into the
2907:
Sawyer M, Willadsen CH, Osburn BI, McGuire TC (15 December 1977). "Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins from ewe to lamb and its influence on neonatal lamb mortality".
3927:
1045:
Paulík S, Slanina L, Polácek M (January 1985). "Lyzozým v kolostre a krvnom sére teliat a dojníc" [Lysozyme in the colostrum and blood of calves and dairy cows].
210:. These are some of the components of the adaptive immune system. Other immune components of colostrum include the major components of the innate immune system, such as
2343:"Insights into the Research Trends on Bovine Colostrum: Beneficial Health Perspectives with Special Reference to Manufacturing of Functional Foods and Feed Supplements"
2090:"Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino"
2438:"Bovine Colostrum Ameliorates Diarrhea in Infection with Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli, and E. coli Expressing Intimin and Hemolysin"
3993:"Randomized control trials using a tablet formulation of hyperimmune bovine colostrum to prevent diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in volunteers"
516:(which causes diarrhea in infants). Before the development of antibiotics, colostrum was the main source of immunoglobulins used to fight bacteria. In fact, when
3582:
Playford, Ray; et al. (March 2011). "The nutriceutical, bovine colostrum, truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by heavy exercise in athletes".
1525:
Xiao X, Xiong A, Chen X, Mao X, Zhou X (March 2002). "Epidermal growth factor concentrations in human milk, cow's milk and cow's milk-based infant formulas".
3185:; Playford, Raymond J. (March 2011). "The nutriceutical bovine colostrum truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by heavy exercise in athletes".
139:
defense as well as to the growth, development, and maturation of the neonate's gastrointestinal tract by providing key nutrients and bioactive factors.
1637:
Flidel-Rimon O, Roth P (November 1997). "Effects of milk-borne colony stimulating factor-1 on circulating growth factor levels in the newborn infant".
131:, as the gut plays an important part in both the digestive system and the immune system. Colostrum has evolved to care for highly sensitive mammalian
3054:
Buttar, Harpal S.; Bagwe, Siddhi M.; Bhullar, Sukhwinder K.; Kaur, Ginpreet (2017). "Health
Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults".
243:
4253:
4166:
3071:
2201:
1089:
955:
804:
Stelwagen, K.; Carpenter, E.; Haigh, B.; Hodgkinson, A.; Wheeler, T. T. (1 April 2009). "Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk1".
100:
to protect the newborn against disease and infection, and immune and growth factors and other bioactives that help to activate a newborn's
550:
absorbed intact by the body, some studies suggest it stimulates the production of IGF-1 when taken as a supplement whereas others do not.
2191:
1142:"Cytokine-inducing activity of a proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) from ovine colostrum and its active nonapeptide fragment analogs"
3837:
Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki; Matsumoto, Hiroshi; Hashimoto, Koichi; Teraguchi, Susumu; Takase, Mitsunori; Hayasawa, Hirotoshi (January 1999).
3348:
Playford, R. J.; Floyd, D. N.; Macdonald, C. E.; Calnan, D. P.; Adenekan, R. O.; Johnson, W.; Goodlad, R. A.; Marchbank, T. (May 1999).
174:
which is produced in large quantities at birth due to blood volume reduction from the infant's body, and which is often responsible for
92:
or other animals. Most species will begin to generate colostrum just prior to giving birth. Colostrum has an especially high amount of
3839:"Inhibition of Iron/Ascorbate-Induced Lipid Peroxidation by an N-Terminal Peptide of Bovine Lactoferrin and Its Acylated Derivatives"
1441:
Tokuyama Y, Tokuyama H (February 1993). "Purification and identification of TGF-beta 2-related growth factor from bovine colostrum".
4736:
4480:
3132:"Zinc carnosine works with bovine colostrum in truncating heavy exercise–induced increase in gut permeability in healthy volunteers"
425:
3942:
260:. In addition, colostrum also has a laxative effect, encouraging the baby's body to excrete stool, which helps eliminate excess
190:, and colostrum delivers its bioactives in a very concentrated low-volume form. Colostrum is known to contain immune cells (as
1486:"Identification and Partial Purification of a Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor Derived from Bovine Colostrum"
2036:
Ulfman, Laurien H.; Leusen, Jeanette H. W.; Savelkoul, Huub F. J.; Warner, John O.; van Neerven, R. J. Joost (22 June 2018).
1141:
403:
46:
3272:
Khan, Z.; Macdonald, C.; Wicks, A. C.; Holt, M. P.; Floyd, D.; Ghosh, S.; Wright, N. A.; Playford, R. J. (November 2002).
2436:
Huppertz, Hans-Iko; Rutkowski, Stefan; Busch, Dirk H.; Eisebit, Reinhard; Lissner, Reinhard; Karch, Helge (October 1999).
1809:
Goldblum, R. M.; Ahlstedt, S.; Carlsson, B.; Hanson, L. Å; Jodal, U.; Lidin-Janson, G.; Sohl-Åkerlund, A. (October 1975).
4805:
252:
Colostrum, which is produced for the first two to four days after childbirth, enhances immunity and is believed to have
4149:
Zimecki, Michal (2008). "A Proline-Rich Polypeptide from Ovine Colostrum: Colostrinin with Immunomodulatory Activity".
388:
151:
and fat. Bovine colostrum can also be used for a range of conditions in humans, and can boost a neonate's immunity.
1174:
Hagiwara K, Kataoka S, Yamanaka H, Kirisawa R, Iwai H (October 2000). "Detection of cytokines in bovine colostrum".
931:
399:
257:
3274:"Use of the 'nutriceutical', bovine colostrum, for the treatment of distal colitis: results from an initial study"
2217:
Playford, R (June 2001). "Peptide therapy and the gastroenterologist: colostrum and milk-derived growth factors".
1945:
407:
392:
4246:
3967:
2688:"Effect of heat treatment on the antigen-binding activity of anti-peroxidase immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum"
115:
At birth, the surroundings of the newborn mammal change from the relatively sterile environment in the mother's
4780:
2827:"Receptor Mechanisms of the Neonatal Intestine and Their Relationship to Immunoglobulin Absorption and Disease"
2868:"Development of Intestinal Immunoglobulin Absorption and Enzyme Activities in Neonatal Pigs Is Diet Dependent"
96:
compared to mature milk to give the newborn the best possible start to life. Specifically, colostrum contains
4049:
Lawrence, H. S. (1 August 1949). "The Cellular Transfer of Cutaneous Hypersensitivity to Tuberculin in Man".
3680:
Arai, Y.; Hirose, N.; Yamamura, K.; Shimizu, K.-i.; Takayama, M.; Ebihara, Y.; Osono, Y. (1 February 2001).
579:
A sweet cheese-like delicacy called 'Junnu' or 'Ginna' is made with colostrum in the south Indian states of
319:
123:, to the microbe-rich environment outside, with irregular oral intake of complex milk nutrients through the
1598:"Unbound vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in breast, human milk, and newborn intestine"
572:
had a local delicacy called "Groosniuys", a pudding made with colostrum. In Finland, a baked cheese called
4790:
4785:
4697:
4661:
493:
187:
124:
1357:
Okada M, Ohmura E, Kamiya Y, et al. (1991). "Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in human milk".
1285:
Xu RJ (1996). "Development of the newborn GI tract and its relation to colostrum/milk intake: a review".
314:: Colostrum is composed of bioactive compounds that support digestive health, including immunoglobulins,
1970:
706:
Sangild, P. T.; Thymann, T.; Schmidt, M.; Stoll, B.; Burrin, D. G.; Buddington, R. K. (1 October 2013).
327:
3682:"Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Centenarians: Implications of IGF-1 as a Rapid Turnover Protein"
3130:
Davison, Glen; Marchbank, Tania; March, Daniel S.; Thatcher, Rhys; Playford, Raymond J. (August 2016).
2992:
Sabin, A. B. (November 1950). "Antipoliomyelitic substance in milk of human beings and certain cows".
4795:
4600:
4239:
4105:
1873:
1822:
227:
4553:
3477:"Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders"
2737:"Acceleration of the absorption of unchanged globulin in the new-born calf by factors in colostrum"
1557:"Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders"
247:
4588:
3321:
Uruakpa, F.; Ismond, M. A. H.; Akobundu, E. N. T. (2002). "Colostrum and its benefits: a review".
304:. These compounds have been shown to work together to support not only the immune system but also
4485:
4131:
4074:
3819:
3457:
3303:
3254:
3210:
3112:
2541:
2278:
2249:"Pedimune in recurrent respiratory infection and diarrhoea—The Indian experience—The PRIDE study"
2119:
2018:
1854:
1791:
1709:
1466:
786:
685:
305:
293:
93:
4190:
Levin, A. S.; Spitler, L. E.; Fudenberg, H. H. (1975). "Transfer factor I: methods of therapy".
2143:"Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children"
1072:
Reiter, Bruno (2008). "The Lactoperoxidase-Thiocyanate-Hydrogen Peroxide Antibacterium System".
3991:
Otto, Wlodzimierz; Najnigier, Boguslaw; Stelmasiak, Teodor; Robins-Browne, Roy M. (July 2011).
1971:"Bovine Colostrum: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews"
1250:
Maheshwari A, Christensen RD, Calhoun DA (November 2003). "ELR+ CXC chemokines in human milk".
4626:
4199:
4172:
4162:
4123:
4066:
4022:
3909:
3860:
3811:
3775:
3739:
3703:
3662:
3627:
3599:
3564:
3525:
3498:
3449:
3414:
3379:
3295:
3246:
3202:
3163:
3104:
3067:
3036:
3001:
2916:
2889:
2848:
2807:
2766:
2717:
2709:
2668:
2649:"A Survey of Bacteriological Quality and the Occurrence of Salmonella in Raw Bovine Colostrum"
2629:
2580:
2533:
2497:
2459:
2418:
2382:
2364:
2322:
2270:
2197:
2172:
2111:
2069:
1846:
1838:
1783:
1775:
1701:
1693:
1654:
1619:
1578:
1534:
1507:
1458:
1423:
1374:
1339:
1302:
1267:
1232:
1191:
1153:
1122:
1095:
1085:
1054:
1000:
913:
862:
821:
778:
737:
667:
497:
475:
253:
223:
3397:
Carver, J. D.; Barness, L. A. (June 1996). "Trophic factors for the gastrointestinal tract".
281:
so that the benefits of colostrum can extend well beyond the neonatal period of development.
4719:
4445:
4154:
4113:
4058:
4012:
4004:
3899:
3891:
3850:
3803:
3767:
3731:
3693:
3654:
3591:
3556:
3488:
3441:
3406:
3369:
3361:
3330:
3285:
3238:
3194:
3153:
3143:
3096:
3059:
3028:
2974:
2943:
2934:
Pakkanen R, Aalto J (1997). "Growth Factors and Antimicrobial Factors of Bovine Colostrum".
2879:
2838:
2797:
2756:
2748:
2699:
2660:
2619:
2611:
2572:
2525:
2489:
2449:
2410:
2372:
2354:
2312:
2260:
2226:
2162:
2154:
2101:
2059:
2049:
2008:
1830:
1765:
1685:
1646:
1609:
1568:
1497:
1450:
1413:
1405:
1366:
1331:
1294:
1259:
1222:
1183:
1077:
1027:
990:
982:
903:
893:
852:
813:
768:
727:
719:
657:
649:
489:
439:
311:
203:
109:
3181:
Marchbank, Tania; Davison, Glen; Oakes, Jemma R.; Ghatei, Mohammad A.; Patterson, Michael;
1727:
757:"Protection of the Neonate by the Innate Immune System of Developing Gut and of Human Milk"
4666:
4423:
4413:
4378:
4368:
2843:
2826:
2802:
2785:
2704:
2687:
1502:
1485:
1209:
Rudloff HE, Schmalstieg FC, Mushtaha AA, Palkowetz KH, Liu SK, Goldman AS (January 1992).
526:
301:
297:
219:
4316:
969:
Bertotto, A.; Castellucci, G.; Fabietti, G.; Scalise, F.; Vaccaro, R. (1 November 1990).
4109:
1995:
McGrath, Brian A.; Fox, Patrick F.; McSweeney, Paul L. H.; Kelly, Alan L. (March 2016).
1826:
30:
4741:
4398:
4373:
4017:
3992:
3904:
3879:
3374:
3349:
3182:
3063:
2866:
Jensen, Annette R.; Elnif, Jan; Burrin, Douglas G.; Sangild, Per T. (1 December 2001).
2761:
2736:
2624:
2599:
2377:
2342:
2167:
2142:
2064:
2037:
1418:
1409:
1393:
1140:
Zabłocka A, Janusz M, Rybka K, Wirkus-Romanowska I, Kupryszewski G, Lisowski J (2001).
995:
970:
908:
881:
773:
756:
732:
707:
662:
637:
584:
573:
539:
508:
331:
171:
4219:
3658:
3432:
Baumgart, Daniel C.; Dignass, Axel U. (November 2002). "Intestinal barrier function".
3410:
3350:"Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage"
3334:
3032:
2978:
2947:
2493:
1650:
1335:
1187:
4800:
4774:
4759:
4707:
4656:
4450:
4388:
4118:
4093:
3771:
3445:
3290:
3273:
3100:
2454:
2437:
1770:
1753:
1370:
1227:
1210:
315:
289:
256:
properties. It is suggested infants fed with human colostrum have lower incidence of
101:
73:
4078:
3823:
3807:
3307:
3258:
3116:
3019:
Pallasch, Thomas J. (October 2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise".
2648:
2545:
2282:
2123:
2022:
1713:
1470:
790:
4687:
4465:
4460:
4440:
4418:
4276:
4135:
4094:"Isolation and characterization of a proline-rich polypeptide from ovine colostrum"
3461:
3214:
2752:
1858:
1795:
517:
4226:
4153:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 606. pp. 241–250.
3475:
Playford, Raymond J.; Macdonald, Christopher E.; Johnson, Wendy S. (1 July 2000).
4008:
4641:
4558:
4470:
4435:
4408:
4403:
4383:
4306:
4291:
4158:
2158:
614:
569:
558:
554:
377:
211:
191:
159:
85:
39:
1263:
1081:
839:
Rathe, Mathias; Müller, Klaus; Sangild, Per Torp; Husby, Steffen (April 2014).
4671:
4651:
4646:
4621:
4583:
4511:
4475:
4363:
4333:
4323:
4281:
4062:
3698:
3686:
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
3681:
3516:
Kelly, G. S. (November 2003). "Bovine colostrums: a review of clinical uses".
2615:
2529:
2317:
2300:
2038:"Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection"
2013:
1996:
1596:
Vuorela P, Andersson S, Carpén O, Ylikorkala O, Halmesmäki E (November 2000).
1454:
898:
653:
592:
501:
460:
455:
318:, and oligosaccharides. These compounds work together to maintain and support
195:
136:
105:
3595:
3198:
2884:
2867:
2713:
2576:
2368:
2106:
2089:
1842:
1779:
1697:
1614:
1597:
986:
4702:
4573:
4541:
4393:
4301:
4296:
3880:"Antioxidant protection by haemopexin of haem-stimulated lipid peroxidation"
3560:
3148:
3131:
2414:
2054:
588:
580:
562:
513:
484:
323:
261:
167:
35:
4176:
4070:
4026:
3864:
3815:
3743:
3735:
3707:
3666:
3603:
3568:
3529:
3502:
3453:
3383:
3299:
3250:
3206:
3167:
3040:
3005:
2893:
2770:
2672:
2633:
2584:
2537:
2501:
2463:
2422:
2386:
2326:
2274:
2230:
2176:
2115:
2073:
1810:
1705:
1623:
1582:
1538:
1271:
1195:
1157:
917:
866:
825:
782:
741:
671:
4203:
4127:
3913:
3779:
3631:
3493:
3476:
3418:
3108:
2852:
2811:
2721:
2664:
1850:
1787:
1658:
1573:
1556:
1511:
1462:
1427:
1378:
1343:
1306:
1236:
1058:
1004:
971:"Lymphocytes bearing the T cell receptor gamma delta in human breast milk"
817:
723:
708:"Invited Review: The preterm pig as a model in pediatric gastroenterology"
4726:
4636:
4546:
4455:
4328:
3365:
2920:
1320:
O'Dell SD, Day IN (July 1998). "Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)".
1126:
1099:
265:
215:
175:
163:
155:
132:
127:. This transition puts high demands on the gastrointestinal tract of the
120:
97:
17:
1899:
1031:
882:"Production of Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption to Improve Health"
841:"Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: a systematic review"
4731:
4714:
4531:
4430:
4358:
3855:
3838:
2359:
2265:
2248:
1689:
857:
840:
269:
144:
128:
4092:
Janusz, Maria; Lisowski, Józef; Franěk, Frantisěk (15 December 1974).
3895:
3242:
3158:
2557:
2555:
2475:
2473:
1298:
4605:
4516:
4506:
3584:
American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
3187:
American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
1834:
1673:
1074:
Ciba Foundation Symposium 65 – Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage
285:
colostrum for human health has been studied in many areas including:
234:
vascular endothelial growth factor, and colony-stimulating factor-1.
140:
116:
77:
50:
4343:
467:
2301:"Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum"
2190:
Watson, Ronald Ross; Collier, Robert J.; Preedy, Victor R. (2017).
1811:"Antibody-forming cells in human colostrum after oral immunisation"
1392:
Saito S, Yoshida M, Ichijo M, Ishizaka S, Tsujii T (October 1993).
451:
Bovine colostrum history of study and potential future applications
27:
Form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of newborn
4692:
4568:
4563:
4521:
4501:
1018:
Groves, M. L. (1960). "The isolation of a red protein from milk".
576:
is traditionally made with either cow colostrum or reindeer milk.
546:
466:
454:
148:
65:
45:
29:
4595:
4578:
4536:
4526:
4286:
4262:
3549:
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
2565:
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
342:
restitution as well as protein synthesis and soft tissue repair.
80:
immediately following delivery of the newborn. It may be called
69:
4235:
4631:
371:
207:
199:
89:
34:
On the left is breast milk of the human expressed on day 4 of
42:
expressed on day 8. Colostrum gives the milk a yellowish hue
1323:
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
2786:"Absorption of Colostral Immunoglobulins in Newborn Calves"
1997:"Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: a review"
1900:"Khám phá 4 lợi ích tuyệt vời của sữa non cho trẻ sơ sinh"
1394:"Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in human milk"
338:
upsets, and otherwise support children's digestive health.
3434:
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
4231:
1728:"The Phases of Breast Milk | WIC Breastfeeding Support"
2909:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1924:
880:
Kaplan, Merve; Arslan, Ayşenur; Duman, Hatice (2022).
3056:
Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan
2442:
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition
2193:
Dairy in Human Health and Disease across the Lifespan
636:
Ballard, Olivia; Morrow, Ardythe L. (February 2013).
755:
Newburg, David S.; Walker, W. Allan (January 2007).
4680:
4614:
4494:
4351:
4269:
3229:drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability".
1555:Playford RJ, Macdonald CE, Johnson WS (July 2000).
1484:Hironaka, T.; Ohishi, H.; Masaki, T. (March 1997).
2735:Balfour, W. E.; Comline, R. S. (1 February 1962).
1076:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. pp. 285–294.
334:and support a balanced gut in adults and children.
158:effect, encouraging the passing of a baby's first
3878:Gutteridge, J. M.; Smith, A. (15 December 1988).
104:, jumpstart gut function, and seed a healthy gut
2959:
2957:
2242:
2240:
88:dialects, when referring to the first milk of a
3541:
3539:
2994:A.M.A. American Journal of Diseases of Children
2686:Dominguez, E.; Perez, M. D.; Calvo, M. (1997).
2299:Gopal, Pramod K.; Gill, H. S. (November 2000).
1752:Buescher, E. S.; McIlheran, S. M. (July 1988).
1550:
1548:
1169:
1167:
2294:
2292:
459:Solidified colostrum in a sweet stall, Salem,
4247:
478:. It is a sweet cheese made of cow colostrum.
8:
438:Much like in humans and production animals,
3843:Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
3620:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
2825:Staley, T. E.; Bush, L. J. (January 1985).
1946:"Sữa non - chìa khóa vàng cho hệ miễn dịch"
1754:"Antioxidant Properties of Human Colostrum"
1211:"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human milk"
406:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4254:
4240:
4232:
3481:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
3278:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
3136:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2094:Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
119:, with a constant nutrient supply via the
68:, of unknown origin) is the first form of
4117:
4016:
3903:
3854:
3697:
3492:
3373:
3289:
3157:
3147:
2883:
2842:
2801:
2784:Bush, L. J.; Staley, T. E. (April 1980).
2760:
2703:
2623:
2453:
2376:
2358:
2316:
2264:
2247:Patel, Kamlesh; Rana, Rajiv (July 2006).
2166:
2105:
2063:
2053:
2012:
1769:
1613:
1572:
1501:
1417:
1226:
1176:Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
994:
907:
897:
856:
772:
731:
661:
426:Learn how and when to remove this message
135:and contributes significantly to initial
3997:Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
2482:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
1020:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2135:
2133:
625:
244:Anti inflammatory agents in breast milk
186:Newborns have very immature and small
2518:European Journal of Applied Physiology
1602:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1561:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
296:that support immune health, including
57:) next to spray-dried colostrum powder
4192:Birth Defects Original Article Series
565:, which binds free heme in the body.
276:Human consumption of bovine colostrum
7:
1398:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
631:
629:
404:adding citations to reliable sources
3064:10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7
1410:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb06004.x
774:10.1203/01.pdr.0000250274.68571.18
642:Pediatric Clinics of North America
368:Colostrum use in companion animals
25:
4737:Milk quotas in the United Kingdom
4051:Experimental Biology and Medicine
2844:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80812-2
2803:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82989-4
2705:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76290-8
1503:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75961-7
351:Colostrum use in animal husbandry
182:Bioactive components in colostrum
4755:
4754:
4342:
3446:10.1097/00075197-200211000-00012
3291:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01354.x
2455:10.1097/00005176-199910000-00015
2253:The Indian Journal of Pediatrics
1872:Bệnh viện An Sinh (2018-12-03).
1771:10.1203/00006450-198807000-00005
1678:The Indian Journal of Pediatrics
1228:10.1203/00006450-199201000-00005
975:Archives of Disease in Childhood
521:antibiotics, namely, colostrum.
376:
326:, while its naturally occurring
3808:10.1152/japplphysiol.00002.2002
3021:Dental Clinics of North America
2653:Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
112:to protect it from infection.
4220:Maryland Cooperative Extension
2753:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006844
2403:Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
2001:Dairy Science & Technology
1:
3935:Manx Farming and Country Life
3796:Journal of Applied Physiology
3659:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00552-9
3411:10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30242-2
3335:10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00373-1
3033:10.1016/s0011-8532(03)00037-5
2979:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00163-0
2948:10.1016/S0958-6946(97)00022-8
2675:– via Researchgate.net.
2604:European Journal of Nutrition
2494:10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80028-7
1732:wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov
1674:"Health factors in colostrum"
1651:10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70105-7
1336:10.1016/S1357-2725(98)00048-X
1188:10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00213-0
4151:Bioactive Components of Milk
4119:10.1016/0014-5793(74)80529-6
4009:10.3109/00365521.2011.574726
3772:10.1016/0026-0495(94)90099-x
3101:10.1016/0140-6736(93)93057-8
2305:British Journal of Nutrition
1371:10.1016/0024-3205(91)90452-H
1047:Veterinární medicína (Praha)
143:colostrum powder is rich in
84:, the traditional word from
4159:10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_9
3518:Alternative Medicine Review
2967:Food Research International
2936:International Dairy Journal
2159:10.1097/MD.0000000000004560
1952:(in Vietnamese). 2019-05-16
1898:Tĩnh, Báo Hà (2023-10-30).
1874:"Những lợi ích của sữa non"
1672:Thapa, B. R. (2005-07-01).
292:: Colostrum is composed of
258:gastrointestinal infections
4822:
3966:K., Bhumika (2017-05-18).
1264:10.1016/j.cyto.2003.07.002
1082:10.1002/9780470715413.ch16
241:
170:, a waste-product of dead
154:Colostrum also has a mild
4750:
4340:
4227:Usage of Bovine Colostrum
4063:10.3181/00379727-71-17242
2741:The Journal of Physiology
2616:10.1007/s00394-017-1401-7
2530:10.1007/s00421-003-0944-x
2318:10.1017/s0007114500002270
2014:10.1007/s13594-015-0258-x
1455:10.1017/S0022029900027382
1443:Journal of Dairy Research
1146:European Cytokine Network
899:10.3389/fphar.2021.796824
886:Frontiers in Pharmacology
806:Journal of Animal Science
712:Journal of Animal Science
654:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002
608:Proline-rich polypeptides
542:in active men and women.
228:proline-rich polypeptides
3596:10.1152/ajpgi.00281.2010
3199:10.1152/ajpgi.00281.2010
2872:The Journal of Nutrition
2831:Journal of Dairy Science
2790:Journal of Dairy Science
2692:Journal of Dairy Science
2577:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0182
2107:10.1177/1076029606295957
1490:Journal of Dairy Science
987:10.1136/adc.65.11.1274-a
638:"Human Milk Composition"
3699:10.1093/gerona/56.2.m79
3561:10.1123/ijsnem.12.4.461
3399:Clinics in Perinatology
3149:10.3945/ajcn.116.134403
2055:10.3389/fnut.2018.00052
1527:Chinese Medical Journal
474:—a traditional dish of
308:in adults and children.
4698:Fidel Castro and dairy
4662:Plastic milk container
3941:. 1991. Archived from
3736:10.1054/clnu.2001.0397
2885:10.1093/jn/131.12.3259
2647:Houser, B. A. (2008).
2231:10.1054/clnu.2001.0434
2042:Frontiers in Nutrition
1615:10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1196
932:"Colostrum harvesting"
494:Cryptosporidium parvum
479:
464:
166:. This clears excess
125:gastrointestinal tract
58:
43:
38:, and on the right is
2665:10.1089/fpd.2008.0141
2415:10.1093/tropej/fmz029
1639:Journal of Pediatrics
1115:Annales d'Immunologie
818:10.2527/jas.2008-1377
724:10.2527/jas.2013-6359
599:Hyperimmune colostrum
470:
458:
264:. This helps prevent
242:Further information:
49:
33:
3366:10.1136/gut.44.5.653
557:components, such as
400:improve this section
320:intestinal integrity
76:of humans and other
4806:Dietary supplements
4110:1974FEBSL..49..276J
3884:Biochemical Journal
3494:10.1093/ajcn/72.1.5
1827:1975Natur.257..797G
1574:10.1093/ajcn/72.1.5
1287:Reprod. Fertil. Dev
1032:10.1021/ja01498a029
956:"It's Only Natural"
553:Colostrum also has
324:nutrient absorption
294:bioactive compounds
248:Human milk immunity
94:bioactive compounds
3928:"Cooking and Food"
3856:10.1271/bbb.63.955
3724:Clinical Nutrition
3323:Nutrition Research
2360:10.3390/nu14030659
2266:10.1007/BF02759923
2219:Clinical Nutrition
2196:. Academic Press.
1758:Pediatric Research
1690:10.1007/BF02724182
1215:Pediatric Research
858:10.1111/nure.12089
761:Pediatric Research
480:
465:
306:respiratory health
162:, which is called
59:
44:
4768:
4767:
4627:Glass milk bottle
4168:978-0-387-74086-7
3896:10.1042/bj2560861
3284:(11): 1917–1922.
3243:10.1042/cs1000627
3095:(8849): 843–848.
3073:978-0-12-809868-4
3058:. pp. 3–20.
2878:(12): 3259–3265.
2698:(12): 3182–3187.
2203:978-0-12-809869-1
1950:suckhoedoisong.vn
1925:"Sữa non gerllac"
1821:(5529): 797–799.
1365:(12): 1151–1156.
1299:10.1071/RD9960035
1091:978-0-470-71541-3
1026:(13): 3345–3360.
981:(11): 1274–1275.
845:Nutrition Reviews
812:(suppl_13): 3–9.
718:(10): 4713–4729.
498:Shigella flexneri
476:Ukrainian cuisine
436:
435:
428:
254:anti-inflammatory
188:digestive systems
110:white blood cells
16:(Redirected from
4813:
4758:
4757:
4346:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4233:
4208:
4207:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4121:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4046:
4040:
4039:TGA guidance BCP
4037:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4003:(7–8): 862–868.
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3947:
3932:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3907:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3293:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3231:Clinical Science
3225:
3219:
3218:
3193:(3): G477–G484.
3178:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2973:(2–3): 255–261.
2961:
2952:
2951:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2764:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2707:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2610:(3): 1181–1195.
2595:
2589:
2588:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2362:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2268:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2109:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1835:10.1038/257797a0
1806:
1800:
1799:
1773:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1008:
998:
966:
960:
959:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
936:
928:
922:
921:
911:
901:
877:
871:
870:
860:
836:
830:
829:
801:
795:
794:
776:
752:
746:
745:
735:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
682:
676:
675:
665:
633:
490:Escherichia coli
440:companion animal
431:
424:
420:
417:
411:
380:
372:
330:feed beneficial
312:Digestive health
302:oligosaccharides
72:produced by the
21:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4781:Animal products
4771:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4746:
4676:
4667:Square milk jug
4610:
4490:
4347:
4338:
4265:
4260:
4216:
4211:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4169:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4034:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3968:"The milky way"
3965:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3183:Moyer, Mary Pat
3180:
3179:
3175:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1927:(in Vietnamese)
1923:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1906:(in Vietnamese)
1897:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1880:(in Vietnamese)
1878:TUOI TRE ONLINE
1871:
1870:
1866:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1608:(5): 1196–201.
1595:
1594:
1590:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1182:(3–4): 183–90.
1173:
1172:
1165:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1092:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1017:
1016:
1012:
968:
967:
963:
954:
953:
949:
939:
937:
934:
930:
929:
925:
879:
878:
874:
838:
837:
833:
803:
802:
798:
754:
753:
749:
705:
704:
700:
690:
688:
684:
683:
679:
635:
634:
627:
623:
610:
601:
453:
432:
421:
415:
412:
397:
381:
370:
353:
298:immunoglobulins
278:
250:
240:
238:Human colostrum
220:lactoperoxidase
184:
172:red blood cells
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4819:
4817:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4742:World Milk Day
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4214:External links
4212:
4210:
4209:
4198:(1): 445–448.
4182:
4167:
4141:
4104:(2): 276–279.
4084:
4057:(4): 516–522.
4041:
4032:
3983:
3958:
3919:
3890:(3): 861–865.
3870:
3849:(5): 955–957.
3829:
3802:(2): 732–739.
3785:
3766:(3): 315–319.
3749:
3730:(3): 251–257.
3713:
3692:(2): M79–M82.
3672:
3653:(3): 243–247.
3637:
3626:(2): 207–212.
3609:
3590:(3): G477-84.
3574:
3555:(4): 461–469.
3535:
3524:(4): 378–394.
3508:
3467:
3440:(6): 685–694.
3424:
3405:(2): 265–285.
3389:
3360:(5): 653–658.
3340:
3329:(6): 755–767.
3313:
3264:
3237:(6): 627–633.
3220:
3173:
3142:(2): 526–536.
3122:
3079:
3072:
3046:
3027:(4): 665–679.
3011:
2984:
2953:
2942:(5): 285–297.
2926:
2915:(12): 1255–9.
2899:
2858:
2837:(1): 184–205.
2817:
2796:(4): 672–680.
2776:
2747:(2): 234–257.
2727:
2678:
2659:(6): 853–858.
2639:
2590:
2571:(3): 276–285.
2551:
2507:
2469:
2448:(4): 452–456.
2428:
2392:
2332:
2288:
2259:(7): 585–591.
2236:
2209:
2202:
2182:
2129:
2100:(2): 130–136.
2079:
2028:
2007:(2): 133–158.
1987:
1962:
1937:
1916:
1890:
1864:
1801:
1744:
1719:
1684:(7): 579–581.
1664:
1629:
1588:
1544:
1533:(3): 451–454.
1517:
1496:(3): 488–495.
1476:
1433:
1404:(1): 220–224.
1384:
1349:
1312:
1277:
1242:
1201:
1163:
1132:
1121:(4): 439–451.
1105:
1090:
1064:
1037:
1010:
961:
947:
923:
872:
851:(4): 237–254.
831:
796:
747:
698:
677:
624:
622:
619:
609:
606:
600:
597:
585:Andhra Pradesh
540:lean body mass
509:Staphylococcus
452:
449:
434:
433:
384:
382:
375:
369:
366:
352:
349:
344:
343:
339:
335:
316:growth factors
309:
277:
274:
239:
236:
183:
180:
74:mammary glands
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4818:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4791:Breastfeeding
4789:
4787:
4786:Biotechnology
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4761:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4708:Breastfeeding
4706:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Milk delivery
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4589:Crème fraîche
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4486:Ultrafiltered
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3984:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3948:on 2010-02-15
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2311:(S1): 69–74.
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:(37): e4560.
2152:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1976:
1975:www.webmd.com
1972:
1966:
1963:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:(5): 748–50.
1644:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:(1): 99–109.
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:Life Sciences
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:(7): 767–71.
1329:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:(3): 91–102.
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:(in Slovak).
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
962:
958:. 2017-06-09.
957:
951:
948:
933:
927:
924:
919:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
876:
873:
868:
864:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
800:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
748:
743:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
699:
687:
681:
678:
673:
669:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
632:
630:
626:
620:
618:
616:
607:
605:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
551:
548:
543:
541:
535:
531:
528:
522:
519:
515:
512:species, and
511:
510:
504:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
477:
473:
469:
462:
457:
450:
448:
444:
441:
430:
427:
419:
409:
405:
401:
395:
394:
390:
385:This section
383:
379:
374:
373:
367:
365:
361:
357:
350:
348:
340:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:Immune health
288:
287:
286:
282:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
245:
237:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:immunological
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
102:immune system
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
56:
52:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
4311:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4150:
4144:
4101:
4098:FEBS Letters
4097:
4087:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4035:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3975:. Retrieved
3971:
3961:
3950:. Retrieved
3943:the original
3938:
3934:
3922:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3727:
3723:
3716:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3552:
3548:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3055:
3049:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3000:(5): 866–7.
2997:
2993:
2987:
2970:
2966:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2568:
2564:
2524:(1): 53–60.
2521:
2517:
2510:
2488:(2): 65–79.
2485:
2481:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2409:(1): 46–55.
2406:
2402:
2395:
2350:
2346:
2335:
2308:
2304:
2256:
2252:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2150:
2146:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1954:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1929:. Retrieved
1919:
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1877:
1867:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1764:(1): 14–19.
1761:
1757:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1564:
1560:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1293:(1): 35–48.
1290:
1286:
1280:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1221:(1): 29–33.
1218:
1214:
1204:
1179:
1175:
1152:(3): 462–7.
1149:
1145:
1135:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1073:
1067:
1053:(1): 21–28.
1050:
1046:
1040:
1023:
1019:
1013:
978:
974:
964:
950:
938:. Retrieved
926:
889:
885:
875:
848:
844:
834:
809:
805:
799:
764:
760:
750:
715:
711:
701:
689:. Retrieved
680:
648:(1): 49–74.
645:
641:
611:
602:
593:adulteration
578:
567:
552:
544:
536:
532:
523:
518:Albert Sabin
506:
488:
487:, including
481:
471:
445:
437:
422:
413:
398:Please help
386:
362:
358:
354:
345:
332:gut bacteria
322:and improve
283:
279:
251:
232:
185:
153:
114:
81:
61:
60:
54:
4796:Breast milk
4642:Milk carton
4446:Pasteurized
3487:(1): 5–14.
2225:: 101–106.
1980:29 December
1904:Báo Hà Tĩnh
1737:29 December
1567:(1): 5–14.
940:29 December
691:29 December
686:"Beestings"
615:Colostrinin
574:Leipäjuusto
570:Isle of Man
559:lactoferrin
555:antioxidant
272:in babies.
212:lactoferrin
194:) and many
192:lymphocytes
147:and low in
86:Old English
53:colostrum (
40:breast milk
4775:Categories
4672:Tetra Brik
4652:Milk crate
4647:Milk churn
4622:Bag-in-box
4615:Containers
4584:Sour cream
4512:Buttermilk
4424:Watermelon
4414:Strawberry
4379:Evaporated
4369:Carbonated
3977:2021-04-21
3952:2017-08-03
3760:Metabolism
3159:2160/43902
3089:The Lancet
2353:(3): 659.
1956:2024-06-16
1931:2024-06-16
1910:2024-06-16
1884:2024-06-16
892:: 796824.
767:(1): 2–8.
621:References
502:Salmonella
461:Tamil Nadu
328:prebiotics
224:complement
196:antibodies
106:microbiome
98:antibodies
4703:Lactation
4574:Milkshake
4542:Ice cream
4399:Chocolate
4374:Condensed
4312:Colostrum
3972:The Hindu
3647:Nutrition
2714:0022-0302
2369:2072-6643
2347:Nutrients
1843:1476-4687
1780:1530-0447
1698:0973-7693
589:Telangana
581:Karnataka
563:hemopexin
514:rotavirus
485:pathogens
387:does not
270:allergies
262:bilirubin
168:bilirubin
82:beestings
62:Colostrum
55:beestings
36:lactation
18:Colostral
4760:Category
4727:Milkmaid
4720:Pipeline
4637:Milk bag
4559:Filmjölk
4547:Ice milk
4495:Products
4451:Powdered
4389:Flavored
4177:18183932
4079:37728884
4071:18139800
4027:21526980
3865:10380640
3824:10568424
3816:12133885
3744:11407872
3708:11213280
3667:11312068
3604:21148400
3569:12500989
3530:14653766
3503:10871554
3454:12394645
3384:10205201
3308:30564496
3300:12390100
3259:24586050
3251:11352778
3207:21148400
3168:27357095
3117:30904879
3041:14664458
3006:14777169
2894:11739877
2771:16992118
2673:18991543
2634:28285432
2585:24281841
2546:35803322
2538:14504943
2502:12188088
2464:10512407
2423:31168590
2387:35277018
2327:11242449
2283:26464312
2275:16877852
2177:27631207
2147:Medicine
2124:22882696
2116:17456621
2074:29988421
2023:83925224
1714:24277138
1706:16077241
1624:11063449
1583:10871554
1539:11940387
1471:38562131
1272:14581003
1252:Cytokine
1196:11044552
1158:11566627
918:35046820
867:24571383
826:18952725
791:22878097
783:17211132
742:23942716
672:23178060
472:Molozyvo
416:May 2023
266:jaundice
216:lysozyme
198:such as
176:jaundice
164:meconium
156:laxative
133:neonates
121:placenta
4732:Milkman
4715:Milking
4688:Allergy
4554:Jewelry
4532:Custard
4466:Skimmed
4461:Scalded
4441:Organic
4431:Haymilk
4419:Vanilla
4317:Newborn
4277:Buffalo
4204:1080060
4136:2495375
4128:4442608
4106:Bibcode
4018:3154584
3914:3223958
3905:1135495
3780:7511202
3632:2355818
3462:2326543
3419:8780905
3375:1727496
3215:1829471
3109:8096559
2853:3884680
2812:6991559
2762:1359530
2722:9436097
2625:5861165
2378:8840100
2168:5402550
2065:6024018
1859:4148015
1851:1102990
1823:Bibcode
1796:2334728
1788:2842722
1659:9403658
1512:9098798
1463:8436667
1428:8403511
1419:1534356
1379:2002746
1344:9722981
1307:8713721
1237:1375729
1059:3918380
1005:2147370
996:1792611
909:8762312
733:3984402
663:3586783
505:species
408:removed
393:sources
145:protein
129:neonate
78:mammals
4681:Topics
4606:Yogurt
4517:Cheese
4507:Butter
4471:Soured
4436:Malted
4409:Papaya
4404:Coffee
4384:Filled
4292:Donkey
4270:Source
4202:
4175:
4165:
4134:
4126:
4077:
4069:
4025:
4015:
3912:
3902:
3863:
3822:
3814:
3778:
3742:
3706:
3665:
3630:
3602:
3567:
3528:
3501:
3460:
3452:
3417:
3382:
3372:
3306:
3298:
3257:
3249:
3213:
3205:
3166:
3115:
3107:
3070:
3039:
3004:
2921:604324
2919:
2892:
2851:
2810:
2769:
2759:
2720:
2712:
2671:
2632:
2622:
2583:
2544:
2536:
2500:
2462:
2421:
2385:
2375:
2367:
2325:
2281:
2273:
2200:
2175:
2165:
2122:
2114:
2072:
2062:
2048:: 52.
2021:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1815:Nature
1794:
1786:
1778:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1657:
1622:
1581:
1537:
1510:
1469:
1461:
1426:
1416:
1377:
1342:
1305:
1270:
1235:
1194:
1156:
1127:813560
1125:
1100:225143
1098:
1088:
1057:
1003:
993:
916:
906:
865:
824:
789:
781:
740:
730:
670:
660:
226:, and
206:, and
141:Bovine
117:uterus
64:(from
51:Bovine
4693:Dairy
4569:Kumis
4564:Kefir
4522:Cream
4502:Ayran
4476:Toned
4394:Anise
4364:Baked
4352:Types
4334:Sheep
4324:Moose
4307:Human
4302:Horse
4282:Camel
4132:S2CID
4075:S2CID
3946:(PDF)
3931:(PDF)
3820:S2CID
3458:S2CID
3304:S2CID
3255:S2CID
3211:S2CID
3113:S2CID
2542:S2CID
2279:S2CID
2120:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1855:S2CID
1792:S2CID
1710:S2CID
1467:S2CID
935:(PDF)
787:S2CID
547:IGF-1
527:lumen
160:stool
149:sugar
66:Latin
4801:Milk
4601:Ymer
4596:Whey
4579:Skyr
4537:Ghee
4527:Curd
4297:Goat
4263:Milk
4200:PMID
4173:PMID
4163:ISBN
4124:PMID
4067:PMID
4023:PMID
3910:PMID
3861:PMID
3812:PMID
3776:PMID
3740:PMID
3704:PMID
3663:PMID
3628:PMID
3600:PMID
3565:PMID
3526:PMID
3499:PMID
3450:PMID
3415:PMID
3380:PMID
3296:PMID
3247:PMID
3203:PMID
3164:PMID
3105:PMID
3068:ISBN
3037:PMID
3002:PMID
2917:PMID
2890:PMID
2849:PMID
2808:PMID
2767:PMID
2718:PMID
2710:ISSN
2669:PMID
2630:PMID
2581:PMID
2534:PMID
2498:PMID
2460:PMID
2419:PMID
2383:PMID
2365:ISSN
2323:PMID
2271:PMID
2198:ISBN
2173:PMID
2112:PMID
2070:PMID
1982:2022
1847:PMID
1839:ISSN
1784:PMID
1776:ISSN
1739:2022
1702:PMID
1694:ISSN
1655:PMID
1620:PMID
1579:PMID
1535:PMID
1508:PMID
1459:PMID
1424:PMID
1375:PMID
1340:PMID
1303:PMID
1268:PMID
1233:PMID
1192:PMID
1154:PMID
1123:PMID
1119:126C
1096:PMID
1086:ISBN
1055:PMID
1001:PMID
942:2022
914:PMID
863:PMID
822:PMID
779:PMID
738:PMID
693:2022
668:PMID
587:and
568:The
561:and
545:Low
391:any
389:cite
300:and
268:and
246:and
70:milk
4632:Jug
4481:UHT
4456:Raw
4329:Pig
4287:Cow
4155:doi
4114:doi
4059:doi
4013:PMC
4005:doi
3900:PMC
3892:doi
3888:256
3851:doi
3804:doi
3768:doi
3732:doi
3694:doi
3655:doi
3592:doi
3588:300
3557:doi
3489:doi
3442:doi
3407:doi
3370:PMC
3362:doi
3354:Gut
3331:doi
3286:doi
3239:doi
3235:100
3195:doi
3191:300
3154:hdl
3144:doi
3140:104
3097:doi
3093:341
3060:doi
3029:doi
2975:doi
2944:doi
2913:171
2880:doi
2876:131
2839:doi
2798:doi
2757:PMC
2749:doi
2745:160
2700:doi
2661:doi
2620:PMC
2612:doi
2573:doi
2526:doi
2490:doi
2450:doi
2411:doi
2373:PMC
2355:doi
2313:doi
2261:doi
2227:doi
2163:PMC
2155:doi
2102:doi
2060:PMC
2050:doi
2009:doi
1831:doi
1819:257
1766:doi
1686:doi
1647:doi
1643:131
1610:doi
1569:doi
1531:115
1498:doi
1451:doi
1414:PMC
1406:doi
1367:doi
1332:doi
1295:doi
1260:doi
1223:doi
1184:doi
1078:doi
1028:doi
991:PMC
983:doi
904:PMC
894:doi
853:doi
814:doi
769:doi
728:PMC
720:doi
658:PMC
650:doi
402:by
208:IgM
204:IgG
202:,
200:IgA
90:cow
4777::
4359:A2
4196:11
4194:.
4171:.
4161:.
4130:.
4122:.
4112:.
4102:49
4100:.
4096:.
4073:.
4065:.
4055:71
4053:.
4021:.
4011:.
4001:46
3999:.
3995:.
3970:.
3937:.
3933:.
3908:.
3898:.
3886:.
3882:.
3859:.
3847:63
3845:.
3841:.
3818:.
3810:.
3800:93
3798:.
3774:.
3764:43
3762:.
3738:.
3728:20
3726:.
3702:.
3690:56
3688:.
3684:.
3661:.
3651:17
3649:.
3624:22
3622:.
3598:.
3586:.
3563:.
3553:12
3551:.
3538:^
3520:.
3497:.
3485:72
3483:.
3479:.
3456:.
3448:.
3436:.
3413:.
3403:23
3401:.
3378:.
3368:.
3358:44
3356:.
3352:.
3327:22
3325:.
3302:.
3294:.
3282:16
3280:.
3276:.
3253:.
3245:.
3233:.
3209:.
3201:.
3189:.
3162:.
3152:.
3138:.
3134:.
3111:.
3103:.
3091:.
3066:.
3035:.
3025:47
3023:.
2998:80
2996:.
2971:34
2969:.
2956:^
2938:.
2911:.
2888:.
2874:.
2870:.
2847:.
2835:68
2833:.
2829:.
2806:.
2794:63
2792:.
2788:.
2765:.
2755:.
2743:.
2739:.
2716:.
2708:.
2696:80
2694:.
2690:.
2667:.
2655:.
2651:.
2628:.
2618:.
2608:57
2606:.
2602:.
2579:.
2569:24
2567:.
2554:^
2540:.
2532:.
2522:91
2520:.
2496:.
2484:.
2472:^
2458:.
2446:29
2444:.
2440:.
2417:.
2407:66
2405:.
2381:.
2371:.
2363:.
2351:14
2349:.
2345:.
2321:.
2309:84
2307:.
2303:.
2291:^
2277:.
2269:.
2257:73
2255:.
2251:.
2239:^
2223:20
2221:.
2171:.
2161:.
2151:95
2149:.
2145:.
2132:^
2118:.
2110:.
2098:13
2096:.
2092:.
2068:.
2058:.
2044:.
2040:.
2017:.
2005:96
2003:.
1999:.
1973:.
1948:.
1902:.
1876:.
1853:.
1845:.
1837:.
1829:.
1817:.
1813:.
1790:.
1782:.
1774:.
1762:24
1760:.
1756:.
1730:.
1708:.
1700:.
1692:.
1682:72
1680:.
1676:.
1653:.
1641:.
1618:.
1606:72
1604:.
1600:.
1577:.
1565:72
1563:.
1559:.
1547:^
1529:.
1506:.
1494:80
1492:.
1488:.
1465:.
1457:.
1447:60
1445:.
1422:.
1412:.
1402:94
1400:.
1396:.
1373:.
1363:48
1361:.
1338:.
1328:30
1326:.
1301:.
1289:.
1266:.
1256:24
1254:.
1231:.
1219:31
1217:.
1213:.
1190:.
1180:76
1178:.
1166:^
1150:12
1148:.
1144:.
1117:.
1094:.
1084:.
1051:30
1024:82
1022:.
999:.
989:.
979:65
977:.
973:.
912:.
902:.
890:12
888:.
884:.
861:.
849:72
847:.
843:.
820:.
810:87
808:.
785:.
777:.
765:61
763:.
759:.
736:.
726:.
716:91
714:.
710:.
666:.
656:.
646:60
644:.
640:.
628:^
595:.
583:,
507:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
178:.
4255:e
4248:t
4241:v
4206:.
4179:.
4157::
4138:.
4116::
4108::
4081:.
4061::
4029:.
4007::
3980:.
3955:.
3939:9
3916:.
3894::
3867:.
3853::
3826:.
3806::
3782:.
3770::
3746:.
3734::
3710:.
3696::
3669:.
3657::
3634:.
3606:.
3594::
3571:.
3559::
3532:.
3522:8
3505:.
3491::
3464:.
3444::
3438:5
3421:.
3409::
3386:.
3364::
3337:.
3333::
3310:.
3288::
3261:.
3241::
3217:.
3197::
3170:.
3156::
3146::
3119:.
3099::
3076:.
3062::
3043:.
3031::
3008:.
2981:.
2977::
2950:.
2946::
2940:7
2923:.
2896:.
2882::
2855:.
2841::
2814:.
2800::
2773:.
2751::
2724:.
2702::
2663::
2657:5
2636:.
2614::
2587:.
2575::
2548:.
2528::
2504:.
2492::
2486:5
2466:.
2452::
2425:.
2413::
2389:.
2357::
2329:.
2315::
2285:.
2263::
2233:.
2229::
2206:.
2179:.
2157::
2126:.
2104::
2076:.
2052::
2046:5
2025:.
2011::
1984:.
1959:.
1934:.
1913:.
1887:.
1861:.
1833::
1825::
1798:.
1768::
1741:.
1716:.
1688::
1661:.
1649::
1626:.
1612::
1585:.
1571::
1541:.
1514:.
1500::
1473:.
1453::
1430:.
1408::
1381:.
1369::
1346:.
1334::
1309:.
1297::
1291:8
1274:.
1262::
1239:.
1225::
1198:.
1186::
1160:.
1129:.
1102:.
1080::
1061:.
1034:.
1030::
1007:.
985::
944:.
920:.
896::
869:.
855::
828:.
816::
793:.
771::
744:.
722::
695:.
674:.
652::
463:.
429:)
423:(
418:)
414:(
410:.
396:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
