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224:. In 86 King Duras ordered a more vigorous attack south into Moesia. Roman sources refer to the attack being led by "Diurpaneus" (or "Dorpaneus"). Many authors have taken this person to be Duras himself, and refer to him as "Duras-Diurpaneus". Other scholars argue that Duras and Diurpaneus are different individuals, or that Diurpaneus is identical to Decebalus. Recent sources take the view that "Diurpaneus" is most likely Decebalus.
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616:. According to Lavinia Stan and Lucian Turcescu, "In a process paralleling the way modern Serbs perceive the defeat by the Ottomans in the Battle of Kosovo of 1389, Decebal's defeat at the hands of Trajan in 101ā107 CE and the resulting population mix were reclaimed as the cornerstones of Romanian ethnic identity". The nationalist model progressed further under
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415:. Despite stiff resistance, the Romans closed on the Dacian capital by early 102. Decebalus was forced to concede defeat and accept Trajan's terms, which included the loss of some territories in the vicinity of the Danube and the dismantling of his fortresses. However, Decebalus retained his throne.
294:
This man was shrewd in his understanding of warfare and shrewd also in the waging of war; he judged well when to attack and chose the right moment to retreat; he was an expert in ambuscades and a master in pitched battles; and he knew not only how to follow up a victory well, but also how to manage
335:
Decebalus' victory greatly increased his prestige. He proceeded to centralize power and build up his fortifications and war machines, using engineers supplied by
Domitian. Decebalus's court also became a haven for malcontents and deserters from the Roman empire becoming "the nucleus for anti-Roman
403:
this was because "he had taken stock of previous record, resented the annual sums of money they were getting, and saw that their powers and their pride were on the increase." Trajan's force crossed the Danube in 101 and advanced into Dacia, pushing back Dacian forces. According to Dio, Decebalus
437:
Meanwhile, Decebalus continued to disrupt Roman positions with guerrilla attacks. He also developed a plan to assassinate Trajan by using Roman auxiliaries who had defected to the
Dacians to infiltrate the emperor's camp. The plot failed. However he succeeded in capturing one of Trajan's senior
449:
Trajan, meanwhile, was building a large force for a full-scale invasion. Decebalus tried to negotiate a peace settlement, but Trajan demanded that
Decebalus surrender himself, which he refused to do. Decebalus' allies among the surrounding tribes seem to have deserted him at this point. Trajan
429:
Decebalus had no intention of remaining subject to Rome, or giving up his lost territory. As soon as he was able to, he took revenge on those who had supported Rome. He annexed territory from the
Jazyges and violated the peace treaty by re-arming and receiving refugees and deserters from Roman
686:, a supporter of the protochronist and Dacianist movement. He is quoted saying, "Anyone travelling towards 'Decebal Rex Dragan Fecit' is also travelling towards the origins of east-European civilization and will discover that a United Europe represents the natural course of history".
264:
in charge of the army. Fuscus advanced into Dacia, but his four or five legions suffered a major defeat when ambushed by the forces of
Decebalus (the sources say "Diurpaneus" was in command, which might mean Decebalus or Duras). Two Roman legions (among which was the
604:
wrote a long poem "Maria Doamna" ("Lady Marie") after Marie's death, invoking both
Decebalus and Trajan as admirers of Marie. The Dacian king, along with the Roman emperor who conquered Dacia are sometimes invoked as the fathers of the Romanian nation.
411:, Decebalus was defeated, but he inflicted serious losses on the Romans. Trajan chose not to pursue the war until the spring. Decebalus tried to wrongfoot Trajan by launching a surprise attack on Moesia, but he suffered a major defeat at the
164:, who claimed to be a kinsman of Decebalus. He remained in power as a client king, but continued to assert his independence, leading to a final and overwhelming Roman invasion north of the Danube in 105 AD. Trajan reduced the Dacian capital
588:
Decebalus is often paired with his enemy Trajan, with the former representing national identity and the latter the grandeur and classical values brought by Rome. Decebalus and Trajan were depicted as a pair on many
Romanian banknotes.
501:
Decebalus was hunted down and finally cornered by Roman detachments seeking his head. Rather than being captured only to be exhibited and humiliated at Rome, Decebalus committed suicide by slashing his own throat, as depicted on
569:, saying "The one and the other both had the same aim, the same sublime idea: the independence of their country! Both are heroes, but Stephen is a more local hero, a Moldavian hero, while Decebalus is the hero of the world."
398:
came to power in 98, he immediately toured the Danube area and ordered the strengthening of fortifications along the Dacian frontier. Three years later, Trajan decided to launch an offensive against Dacia. According to
204:
this suggestion was originally a "scholarly joke", but the theory has been considered plausible by several writers. It has been suggested that "Scorilo" may be identical to the "Coryllus" or "Scorillus" identified by
430:
territory. He also restored his fortifications. This time, Decebalus did not wait for Trajan to strike. In 105 he authorised a direct attack on the newly occupied Roman territory, probably the fortress at
303:. In 88 Julianus commanded another Roman army under Domitian against the Dacians, defeating them in a battle near Tapae. However, elsewhere in Europe, Domitian was having to deal with revolts along the
485:. The head of the defeated Dacian king Decebalus (left background) is displayed on a shield to Roman troops (AD 106). The head was then taken to Rome to form the central exhibit in the emperor
555:
Decebalus began to be seen in these terms during the 19th century, when he came to be associated with
Romantic ideals of national freedom and resistance to imperialism. Romanian politician
188:, who claimed authority over all Dacian territory. An ancient Dacian pot bearing the words āDecebalus per Scoriloā led to the suggestion that this might mean "Decebalus son of Scorilo".
184:, Dacia split into four, then five smaller kingdoms. Nothing is known about Decebalus' youth or background. Decebalus appears to have risen to prominence in the court of the Dacian king
559:
gave a speech in 1843 in which he called
Decebalus "the greatest barbarian king of all time, more worthy to be on the throne of Rome than the rascally descendants of Augustus!"
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and a few skirmishes in the nearby region, the Romans conquered the Dacian capital. Decebalus managed to escape with his family. He and his remaining supporters continued a
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replaced
Sabinus. Domitian took command to deal with the problem himself, arriving with his general, prefect of the Praetorian Guards,
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movement, which directly relates Romania as descendants of the Dacians. During the 1990s, a team of sculptors carved a 40-metre-tall
521:
discovered at Gramini in Greece. Maximus is presumably the figure seen on Trajan's column reaching out to Decebalus from his horse.
434:. The attack seems to have taken Trajan and the Senate by surprise. Trajan immediately travelled north to review fortifications.
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sentiment" in the words of historian Julian Bennett. He also sought to build alliances with independent tribes, notably the
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Decebalus and Trajan were regularly invoked at the coronation of new rulers. Both featured significantly in the imagery of
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Neue Staaten - neue Bilder?: visuelle Kultur im Dienst staatlicher Selbstdarstellung in Zentral- und Osteuropa seit 1918
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156:. Decebalus was defeated in 102 AD, and his own sister was abducted within this timeframe and forcibly wed into Roman
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Decebalus' head and right hand were then taken to Trajan in "Ranisstorum" (an unidentified Dacian village, perhaps
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647:. Several public statues of Decebalus were also set up in the CeauČescu era, including an equestrian statue in
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528:) by Maximus, who was decorated by the emperor. The trophy was sent to Rome where it was thrown down the
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as a Dacian king prior to Duras. Duras may have been Decebalus' uncle, having taken over the throne by
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was decorated for his part in the Dacian wars, one of which being the acquisition of Decebalus' head.
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was approaching. He was probably still alive when Maximus reached him, as is claimed on Maximus'
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came to power, his armies invaded Dacia to weaken its threat to the Roman border territories of
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1242:"On the Name and Nation of the Dacian King Decebalus, with Notices of the Agathyrsi and Alani"
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to Rome to accept a diadem from the Emperor, officially recognising Decebalus's royal status.
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well a defeat. Hence he showed himself a worthy antagonist of the Romans for a long time.
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movement, which identifies Romania as the cradle of east-European civilisation, and the
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In 85 AD the Dacian army began minor raids upon the heavily fortified Roman province of
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1970:
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Politische Geschichte: (Provinzen und Randvƶlker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien)
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He was depicted as a great national leader in two major epic films in this period,
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to ruins in 106 AD, absorbing some of Dacia into the Empire. Decebalus died by
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king. He is famous for fighting three wars, with varying success, against the
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launched a direct attack on the Dacian capital, Sarmizegetusa. After a long
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sent envoys asking for negotiations, but Trajan refused a personal meeting.
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280:). Fuscus was killed, and Decebalus was crowned king after the ageing Duras
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Dacian kingdoms succeeding Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state
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585:(Decebalus to his People) lauds the Dacian leader's scorn of death.
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It is likely that he killed himself as a Roman cavalry scout named
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Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe
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272:) were ambushed and defeated at a mountain pass the Romans called
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1984:
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532:. Tiberius Claudius Maximus' tomb cites two occasions where the
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from a stone outcrop overlooking the Danube near the city of
362:, but ensured that they would not interfere with his plans.
1188:, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.222.
1175:, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.209.
113:
861:, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.221
1111:, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.89
821:"The Captor of Decebalus a New Inscription from Philippi"
612:
era, especially in the Stalinist "national Communism" of
573:, the Romanian national poet, wrote the historical drama
1285:
1135:"Decebalus (Dacian King) and Emperor Trajan - Banknotes"
260:, then returned to Rome to celebrate a Triumph, leaving
915:
The Romanian armed power concept: a historical approach
438:
officers, Pompeius Longinus, whom he tried to use as a
2250:
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2015:
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1933:
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929:, Volume 4, AGERPRES Publishing House., 1979, p.75.
752:
1915 Romanian banknote pairing Trajan and Decebalus
137:under two emperors. After raiding south across the
74:
66:
56:
48:
21:
937:
935:
307:, and suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the
311:, and Sarmatian tribes in the east, notably the
1122:Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania
943:Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization
292:
141:, he defeated a Roman invasion in the reign of
1301:
1162:, Bƶhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, 2005, p.343
8:
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2012:
1920:Dacian Fortresses of the OrÄČtie Mountains
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1075:Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times
1053:Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times
1040:Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times
1027:Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times
891:, Romanian Cultural Institute, 2005, p.88.
874:, University Press of America, 2009, p.72.
859:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness
481:Plaster cast (Cichorius 108) of panel on
34:
18:
1008:. Armidale, Australia: Caeros Pty, 2005,
889:The History of Transylvania: (Until 1541)
350:. He failed to secure the support of the
1246:Transactions of the Philological Society
1137:. Spinnet.eu. 2010-05-16. Archived from
2354:Suicides by sharp instrument in Romania
1227:"Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions"
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1063:
1061:
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1103:
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458:campaign in the Carpathian mountains.
442:to bargain with Trajan. Longinus took
1124:, Oxford University Press, 2007, p.46
643:). In both films he was portrayed by
7:
2310:
1077:: Routledge, London, 1997, p.98-100.
900:Hildegard Temporini, Wolfgang Haas,
2320:
1595:Dacian kingdom of Banat and Oltenia
995:, (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 150
655:, and a column topped by a bust in
2384:Heads of state who died by suicide
1641:southern Moldavia and Transylvania
969:"Cassius Dio ā Epitome of Book 67"
917:, Military Pub. House, 1982, p.39.
662:He was central to the nationalist
565:compared him to the medieval hero
497:Tiberius Claudius Maximus memorial
195:The Dacian kingdom under Burebista
14:
1201:. Decebalusrex.ro. Archived from
904:, Walter de Gruyter, 1979, p.167.
2319:
2309:
2300:
2299:
1686:Art, jewellery, treasures, tools
1055:: Routledge, London, 1997, p.93.
1042:: Routledge, London, 1997, p.87.
1029:: Routledge, London, 1997, p.86.
757:
745:
726:
711:
696:
651:created in 1978 by the sculptor
290:described Decebalus as follows:
227:The Dacians defeated and killed
1723:Words of possible Dacian origin
1639:Dacian kingdom of Wallachia and
1120:Lavinia Stan, Lucian Turcescu,
1086:M Spiedel - JRS 60 page 142-153
682:. It was devised and funded by
465:Dacia after the war with Trajan
369:Dacian kingdom during Decebalus
120:
2369:2nd-century monarchs in Europe
2364:1st-century monarchs in Europe
1548:Dacian nucleus in Transylvania
1186:Myth in Romanian Consciousness
1173:Myth in Romanian Consciousness
1109:Myth in Romanian Consciousness
180:After the death of Great King
1:
1006:The Dacian Threat, 101-106 AD
256:pushed back the Dacians from
1199:"Decebalus Rex Dragan Fecit"
825:The Journal of Roman Studies
791:, a descendant of Decebalus.
243:War against Emperor Domitian
125:), sometimes referred to as
123: 87 ā 106 AD
114:
945:, Routledge, 2007, p.49-50.
735:rock sculpture of Decebalus
672:rock sculpture of Decebalus
2400:
2238:Eastern Romance substratum
1158:Bartetzky, Arnold, et al,
764:Decebalus, as depicted in
608:He remained a hero in the
544:Decebalus is considered a
422:
278:Iron Gates of Transylvania
246:
103:
2295:
2197:Sarmatiae (Devil's Dykes)
2098:
1846:
1612:Dacian kingdom of Dobruja
1499:
958:, Routledge, 1992, p.138.
927:Romania: Pages of History
819:Speidel, Michael (1970).
511:Tiberius Claudius Maximus
233:Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus
40:Decebalus' suicide, from
33:
26:
16:King of Dacia (r. 87ā106)
1231:De Imperatoribus Romanis
446:to avoid being so used.
315:. Needing the troops in
213:on his brother's death.
2070:Battle of Sarmizegetusa
1095:"Julian Bennett -Traian
971:. Penelope.uchicago.edu
718:Statue of Decebalus in
703:Statue of Decebalus in
684:Iosif Constantin DrÄgan
425:Battle of Sarmisegetusa
299:Fuscus was replaced by
220:, located south of the
2049:Second Battle of Tapae
614:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
594:Ferdinand I of Romania
540:Romanian national hero
506:(spiral 22, panel b).
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490:
466:
452:siege of Sarmizegetusa
409:Second Battle of Tapae
386:
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331:Consolidation of power
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2025:First Battle of Tapae
1238:Latham, Robert Gordon
657:Drobeta-Turnu Severin
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377:Conflicts with Trajan
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276:(widely known as the
249:Domitian's Dacian War
194:
1252:Speidel, M. (1984),
993:The Emperor Domitian
956:The Emperor Domitian
913:Constantin Olteanu,
800:List of Dacian kings
795:Trajan's Dacian Wars
600:. The Romanian poet
489:'s official Triumph
2056:Battle of Adamclisi
1256:, pp. 173ā187.
766:Cartea omului matur
659:, created in 1972.
639:(1968, directed by
629:(1967, directed by
583:Decebal cÄtre popor
557:Mihail KogÄlniceanu
413:Battle of Adamclisi
2128:Dacia Mediterranea
1743:Sinaia lead plates
1728:Dacian plant names
1254:Roman Army Studies
787:was, according to
780:Decebalus Treasure
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172:to avoid capture.
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941:Ioana A. Oltean,
883:Mihai BÄrbulescu
631:Sergiu Nicolaescu
618:Nicolae CeauČescu
567:Stephen the Great
515:Legio VII Claudia
419:Second Dacian war
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2133:Dacia Ripensis
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1606:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
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1582:
1576:
1575:(c. 30sā70 AD)
1570:
1564:
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1262:
1261:External links
1259:
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571:Mihai Eminescu
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526:Piatra Craivii
519:funerary stele
474:
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423:Main article:
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247:Main article:
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2226:
2225:
2223:
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2208:
2207:Trajan's Wall
2205:
2203:
2202:Transalutanus
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Porolissensis
2190:
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2185:
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2111:
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2103:Dacia Traiana
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2032:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:Wars with the
2001:
1991:
1988:
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1967:
1961:
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1925:Murus Dacicus
1923:
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1911:
1908:
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1901:
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1885:Sarmizegetusa
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1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Daco-Thracian
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Dacian script
1736:
1734:
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1726:
1724:
1721:
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1617:
1616:
1614:
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1600:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1581:(c. 69ā87 AD)
1580:
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1562:
1559:
1557:(82/61ā44 BC)
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1275:(in Romanian)
1273:
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1267:(in Romanian)
1265:
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1224:
1220:
1205:on 2014-08-08
1204:
1200:
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1155:
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1141:on 2014-08-08
1140:
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907:
903:
897:
894:
890:
886:
880:
877:
873:
870:Ion Grumeza,
867:
864:
860:
857:Lucian Boia,
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
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781:
778:
777:
773:
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755:
748:
743:
740:
736:
729:
724:
721:
720:Deva, Romania
714:
709:
706:
699:
694:
690:Image gallery
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:protochronism
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:Mircea DrÄgan
638:
637:
632:
628:
627:
621:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:
599:
596:and his wife
595:
590:
586:
584:
581:'s 1896 poem
580:
579:George CoČbuc
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
553:
551:
547:
546:national hero
539:
537:
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531:
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212:
211:agnatic right
208:
203:
200:According to
193:
189:
187:
183:
175:
173:
171:
167:
166:Sarmizegetusa
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
116:
110:
101:
100:Ancient Greek
97:
93:
89:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2374:Dacian names
2233:Thraco-Roman
2091:Free Dacians
2007:Roman Empire
1905:Piroboridava
1851:Dacian Draco
1733:Dacian names
1665:civilization
1584:
1539:Zalmodegicus
1514:Dromichaetes
1427:Potulatenses
1372:Burs (Dacia)
1279:
1253:
1245:
1230:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1193:
1185:
1184:Lucian Boia
1180:
1172:
1171:Lucian Boia
1167:
1159:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1129:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1107:Lucian Boia
1091:
1082:
1074:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1005:
1000:
992:
973:. Retrieved
963:
955:
950:
942:
926:
922:
914:
909:
901:
896:
888:
884:
879:
871:
866:
858:
853:
828:
824:
814:
765:
661:
634:
624:
622:
607:
591:
587:
582:
574:
561:
554:
543:
523:
508:
500:
468:
448:
436:
428:
406:
393:
372:
334:
298:
293:
286:
268:
252:
226:
215:
198:
179:
147:
135:Roman Empire
126:
87:
86:
27:
2325:WikiProject
2258:Archaeology
2087:Roman Dacia
1871:Settlements
1663:Culture and
1587:(87ā106 AD)
1563:(44 BCā???)
1482:Troglodytae
1437:Rhadacenses
1432:Predasenses
831:: 142ā153.
645:Amza Pellea
626:The Dacians
602:Aron CotruČ
563:Alecu Russo
401:Cassius Dio
288:Dio Cassius
202:Lucian Boia
81:(purported)
57:Predecessor
28:Dacian king
2359:106 deaths
2343:Categories
2287:Thracology
2228:Daco-Roman
2064:Second War
1876:Fortresses
1813:Pleistoros
1803:Gebeleizis
1534:Rubobostes
1343:Albocenses
1278:DECEBAL -
1270:Decebalus.
1221:References
1209:2014-08-15
1145:2014-08-15
1014:0975844504
975:2014-08-15
785:Regalianus
739:Iron Gates
636:The Column
356:Marcomanni
309:Marcomanni
176:Early life
162:Regalianus
127:Diurpaneus
2277:Dacianism
2043:First War
1937:relations
1856:Kogaionon
1718:Belagines
1692:bracelets
1674:Artifacts
1585:Decebalus
1567:Comosicus
1555:Burebista
1477:Tyragetae
1442:Saldenses
1392:Costoboci
1280:www.gk.ro
705:TimiČoara
668:Dacianism
653:Ion Jalea
610:Communist
575:Decebalus
534:legionary
456:guerrilla
345:Sarmatian
341:Bastarnae
321:sesterces
282:abdicated
182:Burebista
115:Dekebalos
109:romanized
104:ĪĪµĪŗĪµĪ²Ī±Ī»ĪæĻ
88:Decebalus
52:87ā106 AD
22:Decebalus
2305:Category
2282:Dacology
2251:Research
2182:Alutanus
2017:Domitian
1910:Sucidava
1900:Cumidava
1895:Buridava
1890:Argidava
1838:Zalmoxis
1828:Seirenes
1818:Sabazios
1798:Dionysus
1793:Derzelas
1788:Deceneus
1768:Religion
1710:Language
1700:Clothing
1561:Deceneus
1529:Rhemaxos
1509:Cothelas
1467:Teurisci
1447:Scaugdae
1422:Piephigi
1397:Crobidae
1382:Ciaginsi
1240:(1854).
774:See also
348:Roxolani
343:and the
254:Domitian
207:Jordanes
158:nobility
143:Domitian
92:Romanian
2315:Commons
2221:Culture
2187:Moesiae
1971:Warfare
1935:Foreign
1833:Silenus
1776:Deities
1681:Coinage
1648:Dicomes
1630:Zyraxes
1573:Scorilo
1417:Peukini
1387:Clariae
1348:Anartes
737:at the
680:Romania
633:), and
550:Romania
440:hostage
407:At the
360:Jazyges
313:Iazyges
269:Alaudae
170:suicide
111::
96:Decebal
79:Scorilo
2164:Castra
2151:Column
2144:Bridge
2138:Trajan
2108:Moesia
2035:Trajan
1960:Romans
1945:Greeks
1823:Semele
1783:Bendis
1625:Rholes
1602:Cotiso
1524:Oroles
1519:Moskon
1472:Trixae
1462:Terizi
1452:Senses
1367:Bessoi
1358:Biephi
1325:Tribes
1012:
845:299419
843:
768:(1969)
676:OrČova
487:Trajan
444:poison
396:Trajan
385:Trajan
325:Diegis
317:Moesia
262:Fuscus
258:Moesia
222:Danube
218:Moesia
154:Moesia
150:Trajan
139:Danube
131:Dacian
75:Father
70:106 AD
2272:Books
2174:Limes
1950:Celts
1915:Davae
1808:Kotys
1619:Dapyx
1579:Duras
1504:Coson
1492:Kings
1412:Moesi
1407:Getae
1377:Carpi
1363:Bessi
1353:Apuli
1317:Dacia
1016:, p.9
885:et al
841:JSTOR
806:Notes
513:from
473:Death
432:Banat
394:When
352:Quadi
338:Getic
305:Rhine
274:Tapae
186:Duras
148:When
61:Duras
49:Reign
1985:Sica
1980:Falx
1457:Suci
1402:Daci
1338:Aedi
1329:List
1248:(6).
1010:ISBN
733:The
649:Deva
358:and
67:Died
1873:and
833:doi
548:in
2345::
2089:/
1244:.
1229:,
1100:^
1060:^
984:^
934:^
887:,
839:.
829:60
827:.
823:.
678:,
577:.
354:,
284:.
267:V
239:.
121:r.
118:;
106:,
102::
98:;
94::
1365:/
1331:)
1327:(
1309:e
1302:t
1295:v
1233:.
1212:.
1148:.
978:.
847:.
835::
90:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
