Deception - Knowledge (XXG)

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communication one is using is true or not. This can lead to falsehoods since communication isn't occurring face-to-face, making it difficult to perceive the words of other people. Online Disinhibition typically occurs on social media such as group chats or online games. Although not always, people are able to portray themselves as a different person than reality because of the lack of face-to face communication which allows them to fit in with a specific group they wish to be a part of. As technology continues to expand, deception online is common to see. Digital deception is widely used within different forms of technology to misrepresent someone or something. Through digital deception, people are easily capable of deceiving others whether it be for their own benefit or to ensure their safety. One form of digital deception is catfishing. By creating a false identity catfishers deceive those online to build relationships, friendships, or connections without revealing who they truly are as a person. They do so by creating an entirely new account that has made up information allowing them to portray themselves as a different person. Most lies and misinformation are spread commonly through emails and

606:(anxious or avoidant) are more likely to cheat compared to individuals with a secure attachment style, especially for avoidant men and anxious women. Insecure attachment styles are characterized by a lack of comfort within a romantic relationship resulting in a desire to be overly independent (avoidant attachment style) or a desire to be overly dependent on their partner in an unhealthy way (anxious attachment style). Those with an insecure attachment style are characterized by not believing that their romantic partner can/will support and comfort them in an effective way, either stemming from a negative belief regarding themselves (anxious attachment style) or a negative belief regarding romantic others (avoidant attachment style). Women are more likely to commit infidelity when they are emotionally unsatisfied with their relationship whereas men are more likely to commit infidelity if they are sexually unsatisfied with their current relationship. Women are more likely to commit emotional infidelity than men while men are more likely to commit sexual infidelity than women; however, these are not mutually exclusive categories as both men and women can and do engage in emotional or sexual infidelity. 869:

research context (where they would not feel they were being scrutinized). For example, if a psychologist is interested in learning the conditions under which students cheat on tests, directly asking them, "how often do you cheat?," might result in a high percent of "socially desirable" answers and the researcher would, in any case, be unable to verify the accuracy of these responses. In general, then, when it is unfeasible or naive to simply ask people directly why or how often they do what they do, researchers turn to the use of deception to distract their participants from the true behavior of interest. So, for example, in a study of cheating, the participants may be told that the study has to do with how intuitive they are. During the process, they might be given the opportunity to look at (secretly, they think) another participant's answers before handing in their own. At the conclusion of this or any research involving deception, all participants must be told of the true nature of the study and why deception was necessary (this is called debriefing). Moreover, it is customary to offer to provide a summary of the results to all participants at the conclusion of the research.

623:(more likely to partake in casual sex) are more likely to engage in infidelity. Individuals that have personality traits including (high) neuroticism, (low) agreeableness, and (low) conscientiousness are more likely to commit infidelity. Men are generally speculated to cheat more than women, but it is unclear if this is a result of socialization processes where it is more acceptable for men to cheat compared to women or due to an actual increase in this behavior for men. Research conducted by Conley and colleagues (2011) suggests that the reasoning behind these gender differences stems from the negative stigma associated with women who engage in casual sex and inferences about the sexual capability of the potential sexual partner. In their study, men and women were equally likely to accept a sexual proposal from an individual who was speculated to have a high level of sexual prowess. Additionally, women were just as likely as men to accept a casual sexual proposal when they did not anticipate being subjected to the negative stigma of sexually permissible women as slutty. 567:

result in feelings of distress for the deceiver, which become worse the longer the deceiver has known the deceived, as well as in longer-term relationships. Once discovered, deception creates feelings of detachment and uneasiness surrounding the relationship for both partners; this can eventually lead to both partners becoming more removed from the relationship or deterioration of the relationship. In general, discovery of deception can result in a decrease in relationship satisfaction and commitment level, however, in instances where a person is successfully deceived, relationship satisfaction can actually be positively impacted for the person deceived, since lies are typically used to make the other partner feel more positive about the relationship.

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suspicious of the researcher, they are unlikely to behave as they normally would, and the researcher's control of the experiment is then compromised (p. 807). Those who do not object to the use of deception note that there is always a constant struggle in balancing "the need for conducting research that may solve social problems and the necessity for preserving the dignity and rights of the research participant" (Christensen, 1988, p. 670). They also note that, in some cases, using deception is the only way to obtain certain kinds of information, and that prohibiting all deception in research would "have the egregious consequence of preventing researchers from carrying out a wide range of important studies" (Kimmel, 1998, p. 805).

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that men were more likely to lie about height while women were more likely to lie about weight. In a study conducted by Toma and Hancock, "less attractive people were found to be more likely to have chosen a profile picture in which they were significantly more attractive than they were in everyday life". Both genders used this strategy in online dating profiles, but women more so than men. Additionally, less attractive people were more likely to have "lied about objective measures of physical attractiveness such as height and weight". In general, men are more likely to lie on dating profiles the one exception being that women are more likely to lie about weight.

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producing "nonimmediacy cues" These can be verbal or physical, including speaking in more indirect ways and showing an inability to maintain eye contact with their conversation partners. Another cue for detecting deceptive speech is the tone of the speech itself. Streeter, Krauss, Geller, Olson, and Apple (1977) have assessed that fear and anger, two emotions widely associated with deception, cause greater arousal than grief or indifference, and note that the amount of stress one feels is directly related to the frequency of the voice.

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deception "reported having enjoyed the experience more and perceived more educational benefit" than those who participated in non-deceptive experiments (p. 668). Lastly, it has also been suggested that an unpleasant treatment used in a deception study or the unpleasant implications of the outcome of a deception study may be the underlying reason that a study using deception is perceived as unethical in nature, rather than the actual deception itself (Broder, 1998, p. 806; Christensen, 1988, p. 671).

211:" may be misleading, as it leads the receiver to believe sunflower oil will benefit brain health more so than other foods. In fact, sunflower oil is relatively low in omega-3 fatty acids and is not particularly good for brain health, so while this claim is technically true, it leads the receiver to infer false information. Deception itself is intentionally managing verbal or nonverbal messages so that the message receiver will believe in a way that the message sender knows is false. 184: 364: 877:. Those against deception object to the ethical and methodological issues involved in its use. Dresser (1981) notes that, ethically, researchers are only to use subjects in an experiment after the subject has given informed consent. However, because of its very nature, a researcher conducting a deception experiment cannot reveal its true purpose to the subject, thereby making any consent given by a subject misinformed (p. 3). 3123: 959: 523:, to avoid worrying the partner, and to protect the partner's relationship with a third party. Partner-focused motivated deception can sometimes be viewed as socially polite and relationally beneficial, such as telling white lies to avoid hurting your partner. Although other, less common, partner-focused motives such as using to deception to evoke jealous reactions from their partner may have damaging effects on a relationship. 7253: 3149: 549:, or resolve an argument. Another common self-focused motive for deception, is a continuation of deception in order to avoid being caught in a previous deception. Self-focused deception is generally perceived as a more serious transgression than partner-focused deception, because the deceiver is acting for selfish reasons rather than for the good of the partner or relationship. 1024:

has found that there are some cues that may be correlated with deceptive communication, but scholars frequently disagree about the effectiveness of many of these cues to serve as reliable indicators. A cross cultural study conducted to analyze human behavior and deception concluded detecting deception often has to do with the judgements of a person and how they interpret

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proposes that deception is detected at the cognitive level. Lying requires deliberate conscious behavior, so listening to speech and watching body language are important factors in detecting lies. If a response to a question has a lot disturbances, less talking time, repeated words, and poor logical

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Additionally, findings suggest that deception is not harmful to subjects. Christensen's (1988) review of the literature found "that research participants do not perceive that they are harmed and do not seem to mind being misled" (p. 668). Furthermore, those participating in experiments involving

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that occurs when a person makes a factual misrepresentation, knowing that it is false (or having no belief in its truth and being reckless as to whether it is true) and intending it to be relied on by the recipient, and the recipient acts to his or her detriment in reliance on it. Deceit may also be

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People who negotiate feel more tempted to use deceit. In negotiation, it includes both parties to trust and respect one another. In negotiations, one party is unaware of what is going on in the other side of the thing that needs to be negotiated. Deception in negotiation comes in many forms, and each

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of expectations. Most people expect friends, relational partners, and even strangers to be truthful most of the time. If people expected most conversations to be untruthful, talking and communicating with others would require distraction and misdirection to acquire reliable information. A significant

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Double bluffing is a deceptive scenario, in which the deceiver tells truth to a person about some subject, but makes the person think that the deceiver is lying. In poker, the term double bluff refers to a situation in which the deceiving player is trying to bluff with bad cards, then gets re-raised

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From a practical perspective, there are also methodological objections to deception. Ortmann and Hertwig (1998) note that "deception can strongly affect the reputation of individual labs and the profession, thus contaminating the participant pool" (p. 806). If the subjects in the experiment are

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Research on the use of deception in online dating has shown that people are generally truthful about themselves with the exception of physical attributes to appear more attractive. According to the Scientific American, "nine out of ten online daters will fib about their height, weight, or age" such

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In general, deception tends to occur less often in relationships with higher satisfaction and commitment levels and in relationships where partners have known each other longer, such as long-term relationships and marriage. In comparison, deception is more likely to occur in casual relationships and

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information to depart from the truth, and a receiver, who attempts to establish the validity of the message. A deceiver's actions are interrelated to the message receiver's actions. It is during this exchange that the deceiver will reveal verbal and nonverbal information about deceit. Some research

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Deception is a common topic in religious discussions. Some sources focus on how religious texts deal with deception. But, other sources focus on the deceptions created by the religions themselves. For example, Ryan McKnight is the founder of an organization called FaithLeaks. He stated that the

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that allows for individuals to monitor and control their behavior through thinking about and managing their actions. The level of executive control that an individual possesses is impacted by development and experience and can be improved through training and practice. Those individuals that show a

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Deception impacts the perception of a relationship in a variety of ways, for both the deceiver and the deceived. The deceiver typically perceives less understanding and intimacy from the relationship, in that they see their partner as less empathetic and more distant. The act of deception can also

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Deception includes several types of communications or omissions that serve to distort or omit the whole truth. Examples of deception range from false statements to misleading claims in which relevant information is omitted, leading the receiver to infer false conclusions. For example, a claim that

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Fear specifically causes heightened arousal in liars, which manifests in more frequent blinking, pupil dilation, speech disturbances, and a higher pitched voice. The liars that experience guilt have been shown to make attempts at putting distance between themselves and the deceptive communication,

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Psychological research often needs to deceive the subjects as to its actual purpose. The rationale for such deception is that humans are sensitive to how they appear to others (and to themselves) and this self-consciousness might interfere with or distort from how they actually behave outside of a

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like radios and magazines, deceiving messages can be spread online. With the Online Disinhibition Theory, a person may not feel the need to censor their communication because of the online environment. This often occurs due to the idea that on the internet, no one can physically know whether the

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is an Islamic juridical term for the cases in which a Muslim is allowed to lie under the circumstance when need to deny their faith due to force or when faced with persecution. The concept mainly followed by Shi'ite sect, but it varies "significantly among Islamic sects, scholars, countries, and

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is the act of convincing one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the message has a tendency to believe it (although it's not always the case). It is often done for personal gain or advantage. Deception can involve

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in 1963 the researchers told participants that they would be participating in a scientific study of memory and learning. In reality the study looked at the participants' willingness to obey commands, even when that involved inflicting pain upon another person. After the study, the subjects were

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Using deception to limit relationship harm by avoiding conflict or relational trauma. Relationally motivated deception can be beneficial to a relationship, and other times it can be harmful by further complicating matters. Deception may also be used to facilitate the dissolution of an unwanted

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or something else more tempting to divert attention away from the object being concealed. For example, a security company publicly announces that it will ship a large gold shipment down one route, while in reality taking a different route. A military unit trying to maneuver out of a dangerous

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One's personality can influence these judgements also as some people are more confident in deceiving compared to others. Noted deception scholar Aldert Vrij even states that there is no nonverbal behavior that is uniquely associated with deception. As previously stated, a specific behavioral

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Deception detection is extremely difficult unless it's a blatant or obvious lie or contradicts something the other knows to be true. While it is difficult to deceive a person over a long period of time, deception often occurs in day-to-day conversations between relational partners. Detecting

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indicator of deception does not exist. There are, however, some nonverbal behaviors that have been found to be correlated with deception. Vrij found that examining a "cluster" of these cues was a significantly more reliable indicator of deception than examining a single cue.

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higher level of executive control can more easily influence/control their thoughts and behaviors in relation to potential threats to an ongoing relationship which can result in paying less attention to threats to the current relationship (other potential romantic mates).

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DeWall, C. N.; Lambert, N. M.; Slotter, E. B.; Pond, R. S. Jr.; Deckman, T.; Finkel, E. J.; Luchies, L. B.; Fincham, F. D. (2011). "So Far Away From One's Partner, Yet So Close to Romantic Alternatives: Avoidant Attachment, Interest in Alternatives, and Infidelity".

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a civil rights march) to active deception (i.e. falsely identifying oneself over the telephone, getting hired as a worker at a mental hospital). Paul Bran says that the journalist does not stand apart from the rest of the populace in the use of deception.

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state. Deception, however, places a significant cognitive load on the deceiver. He or she must recall previous statements so that his or her story remains consistent and believable. As a result, deceivers often leak important information both verbally and

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since these messages are erased faster. Without face to face communication, it could be easier to deceive others, making it difficult to detect the truth from a lie. These unreliable cues allow digital deception to easily influence and mislead

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of a physical object often works by breaking up the visual boundary of that object. This usually involves colouring the camouflaged object with the same colours as the background against which the object will be hidden. In the realm of deceptive

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Unique to exclusive romantic relationships is the use of deception in the form of infidelity. When it comes to the occurrence of infidelity, there are many individual difference factors that can impact this behavior. Infidelity is impacted by

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is concerned with how freely individuals partake in casual sex outside of a committed relationship and their beliefs regarding how necessary it is to be in love in order to engage in sex with someone. Individuals with a less restrictive

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planes into thinking a large armor unit was on the move in one area while the real tanks were well hidden and on the move in a location far from the fabricated "dummy" tanks. Mock airplanes and fake airfields have also been created.

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Conley, T. D.; Moors, A. C.; Matsick, J. L.; Ziegler, A.; Valentine, B. A. (2011). "Women, men, and the bedroom: Methodological and conceptual insights that narrow, reframe, and eliminate gender differences in sexuality".

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In a more abstract sense, 'disguise' may refer to the act of disguising the nature of a particular proposal in order to hide an unpopular motivation or effect associated with that proposal. This is a form of political

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Though commonly used and allowed by the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, there has been debate about whether or not the use of deception should be permitted in psychological research

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Mariuma, Yarden. "Taqiyya as Polemic, Law and Knowledge: Following an Islamic Legal Term through the Worlds of Islamic Scholars, Ethnographers, Polemicists and Military Men." The Muslim World 104.1–2 (2014):

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Bassett, Rodney L.; Basinger, David; & Livermore, Paul. (1992, December). Lying in the Laboratory: Deception in Human Research from a Psychological, Philosophical, and Theological Perspectives.

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said, "He who deceives is not of me (is not my follower)". However, there are some exceptions, especially in case of war or peace making or in case of safeguarding one's faith. For an example,

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Omitting relevance: Not stating something that is helpful to know, for example, a car can be like new but it does not help if you leave out the part that there is a transmission issue.

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Sheets, V. L.; Fredendall, L. L.; Claypool, H. M. (1997). "Jealousy evocation, partner reassurance, and relationship stability: An exploration of the potential benefits of jealousy".

885:, argues that deception experiments inappropriately take advantage of the implicit trust and obedience given by the subject when the subject volunteers to participate (p. 421). 727:

The use of deception by a government is typically frowned upon unless it's in reference to military operations. These terms refer to the means by which governments employ deception:

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Deception is particularly common within romantic relationships, with more than 90% of individuals admitting to lying or not being completely honest with their partner at one time.

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To make something that appears to be something that it is not, usually for the purpose of encouraging an adversary to reveal, endanger, or divert that adversary's own resources (

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Braun, Paul (January 1988). "Deception in journalism: 1987 Undergraduate Division Winner of the Carol Burnett/University of Hawaii/AEJMC Student Papers in Journalism Ethics".

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Deception occurs not only in real life, but also online. Through mediated communication, a type of communication exchanged through online platforms such as social media and

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informed of the true nature of the study, and steps were taken in order to ensure that the subjects left in a state of well-being. Use of deception raises many problems of

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Barta, W. D.; Kiene, S. M. (2005). "Motivations for infidelity in heterosexual dating couples: The roles of gender, personality differences, and sociosexual orientation".

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arguments, which purport to put into question our knowledge of reality. The punch of the argument is that all we know might be wrong, since we might be deceived.

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Pronk, T. M.; Karremans, J. C.; Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2011). "How can you resist? Executive control helps romantically involved individuals to stay faithful".

6774: 5883: 4271: 905:, involve deception. The researchers purposely mislead or misinform the participants about the true nature of the experiment. In an experiment conducted by 6810: 5414: 5404: 4313: 4254: 1497:

Lemay, E. P.; Bechis, M. A.; Martin, J.; Neal, A. M.; Coyne, C. (2013). "Concealing negative evaluations of a romantic partner's physical attractiveness".

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by the opponent, and then re-raises again in the hopes that the enemy player folds. This strategy works best on opponents who easily fold under pressure.

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Many people believe that they are good at deception, though this confidence is often misplaced. Deception detection can decrease with increased empathy.

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Boon, S. D.; McLeod, B. A. (2001). "Deception in Romantic Relationships: Subjective Estimates of Success at Deceiving and Attitudes toward Deception".

7805: 6779: 6544: 5580: 5470: 5208: 3600: 2069: 7673: 4826: 3181: 746:– somewhat controversial label for what governments produce in the way of controlled information and message in media documents and communications. 5854: 4281: 4112: 4075: 3673: 2578:"Veracity judgement, not accuracy: Reconsidering the role of facial expressions, empathy, and emotion recognition training on deception detection" 1995: 427:

A disguise is an appearance to create the impression of being somebody or something else; for a well-known person this is also called incognito.

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Buller and Burgoon (1996) have proposed three taxonomies to distinguish motivations for deception based on their Interpersonal Deception Theory:

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painting schemes to confuse observers regarding a naval vessel's speed and heading, by breaking up the ship's otherwise obvious silhouette.

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Guerrero, L., Anderson, P., Afifi, W. (2007). Close Encounters: Communication in Relationships (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

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Simpson, J. A.; Gangestad, S. W. (1991). "Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity".

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structure, then the person may be lying. Vocal cues such as frequency height and variation may also provide meaningful clues to deceit.

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organizations "goal is to reduce the amount of deception and untruths and unethical behaviors that exist in some facets of religion".

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Rockwell, P. A.; Buller, D. B.; Burgoon, J. K. (1997). "Measurement of deceptive voices: Comparing acoustic and perceptual data".

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deception is difficult because there are no known completely reliable indicators of deception and because people often reply on a

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explores the interrelation between communicative context and sender and receiver cognitions and behaviors in deceptive exchanges.

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Deception and its detection is a complex, fluid, and cognitive process that is based on the context of the message exchange. The

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Fabrication of facts: This is the most immoral part, where the person lies about materials, misleading information to get a sale.

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deception by similarity to another organism, or to a natural object. Animals for example may deceive predators or prey by

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Frank, M. G.; O'Sullivan, M.; Menasco, M. A. (2009). "Human Behavior and Deception Detection". In Voeller, J. G. (ed.).

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Streeter, L. A.; Krauss, R. M.; Geller, V.; Olson, C.; Apple, W. (1977). "Pitch changes during attempted deception".

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Guthrie, J.; Kunkel, A. (2013). "Tell me sweet (and not-so-sweet) little lies: Deception in romantic relationships".

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Baumrind, D. (1964). Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram's "Behavioral Study of Obedience."

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dissimulation, propaganda and sleight of hand as well as distraction, camouflage or concealment. There is also

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posits that interpersonal deception is a dynamic, iterative process of mutual influence between a sender, who

602:. Attachment style impacts the probability of infidelity and research indicates that people with an insecure 8102: 7992: 7868: 7296: 7161: 7155: 6860: 6736: 6347: 6342: 6322: 6236: 5905: 5849: 5815: 5214: 5190: 5160: 5064: 4808: 4661: 4586: 4361: 4318: 4200: 4190: 3678: 3542: 3481: 3283: 3167: 2198: 620: 615: 595: 485: 452: 440: 341: 195: 35: 8097: 7683: 7422: 7199: 5937: 5827: 5810: 5166: 4922: 4857: 4687: 4058: 4020: 3985: 3710: 3451: 3367: 2638: 2269: 852:, wherein one decides to doubt everything there is to doubt. The Deus deceptor is a mainstay of so-called 431:

involves more than mere dress and can include hiding one's real manner of speech. The fictional detective

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is critical with regard to deception. Intent differentiates between deception and an honest mistake. The

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or fake retreat, to make the enemy think they are doing one thing while in fact they have another goal.

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Taqīyah is the precautionary dissimulation of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution.

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Ziano, I., & Wang, D. (2021). Slow lies: Response delays promote perceptions of insincerity.

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Cole, T. (2001). "Lying to the one you love: The use of deceptions in romantic relationships".

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Using deception to avoid hurting the partner, to help the partner to enhance or maintain their

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Simulation consists of exhibiting false information. There are three simulation techniques:

124: 3111:, translated by Christopher Rea and Bruce Rusk (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017). 8044: 8018: 7703: 7600: 7570: 7395: 7356: 7172: 7103: 7082: 6875: 6855: 6484: 6299: 5376: 5296: 5184: 5016: 4816: 4761: 4218: 4005: 3769: 3605: 3417: 2893:

Christensen, L (1988). "Deception in psychological research: When is its use justified?".

2750: 1276: 1142: 1112: 911: 906: 761: 432: 363: 6585: 1770:"Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old" 2443: 1787: 1554:

DePaulo, B. M.; Kashy, D. A. (1998). "Everyday lies in close and casual relationships".

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The Moral Animal: Why We Are the Way We Are: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology

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Ortmann, A. & Hertwig, R. (1998). "The question remains: Is deception acceptable?"

2610: 2577: 1804: 1769: 1322: 1025: 878: 857: 755: 695: 689: 328: 139: 133: 109: 73: 3122: 2720: 2365: 2088:"Fifty Shades of Deception: Characteristics and Consequences of Lying in Negotiations" 1537: 958: 740:– in the fortification of communications and in the fortified concealing of documents. 8076: 8013: 7965: 7858: 7853: 7832: 7823: 7788: 7718: 7693: 7678: 7525: 7332: 7118: 7062: 6494: 6259: 6138: 5762: 5520: 4996: 4646: 4641: 4440: 4398: 3788: 3392: 3332: 2914: 2697: 2119: 1978: 1754: 1703: 1686: 1621: 1483: 1330: 1241: 1039: 837: 832:

Deception is a recurring theme in modern philosophy. In 1641 Descartes published his

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in dating where commitment level and length of acquaintanceship is often much lower.

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Deception in Biology: Nature's Exploitation of Information to Win Survival Contests

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Price reservation: Not stating the real budget or price that you are trying to get.

395: 346: 320: 232: 147: 2070:"Big fat liars: Less attractive people have more deceptive online dating profiles" 1600:

Rowatt, W. C.; Cunninghan, M. R.; Druen, P. B. (1998). "Deception to get a date".

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

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Misrepresentation of interests: Getting interests if the buyer seems desperate.

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Zloteanu, Mircea; Bull, Peter; Krumhuber, Eva G; Richardson, Daniel C (2021).

2149: 1613: 1567: 1132: 942: 902: 874: 767: 743: 638: 599: 580: 534: 456: 448: 444: 376: 358: 128: 3016:, 67(4), 371–378. Retrieved February 25, 2008 from the PsycARTICLES database. 2906: 2601: 2593: 2111: 1970: 1746: 1475: 1393: 7970: 7758: 7698: 7495: 7432: 7405: 7390: 7214: 7054: 6947: 6562: 6414: 5448: 5382: 4872: 4697: 4626: 4455: 4445: 4164: 3855: 3377: 3293: 3268: 3148: 1795: 853: 749: 546: 406: 212: 2619: 2291: 2086:

Gaspar, Joseph P.; Methasani, Redona; Schweitzer, Maurice (February 2019).

1901: 1848: 1813: 1712: 1660: 451:. For example, depicting an act of war (an attack) as a "peace" mission or 7265: 3136: 3023:, 53(7), 806–807. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2103: 1996:"Can You Really Trust the People You Meet Online? | Psychology Today" 1939: 1575: 413:

in a large cloud to aid in escape from predators is a form of camouflage.

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Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2006).

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Dresser, R. S. (1981). Deception research and the HHS final regulations.

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Camoupedia: A Compendium of Research on Art, Architecture and Camouflage

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Buller, D. B.; Burgoon, J. K. (1996). "Interpersonal Deception Theory".

8049: 7368: 6264: 5767: 5753: 5001: 4821: 4651: 4025: 3896: 3315: 3288: 3226: 2164:"A New "Wikileaks for Religion" Publishes Its First Trove of Documents" 1510: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1127: 1102: 1062: 1036:

recognition training does not affect the ability to detect deception.

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has argued that all skepticism has its root in this fear of deception.

845: 770:– military operations that deal with deception as their main component. 737: 371:

has adaptive colouration which allows it to blend with its environment.

368: 280: 4495: 2889:(7), 805–806. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2823:(6), 421–423. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from the PsycINFO database. 2491: 1892: 8023: 7768: 7723: 7688: 7565: 7480: 7442: 7003: 5932: 4465: 2283: 1883: 1652: 816: 806: 296: 500:

There are three primary motivations for deception in relationships.

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often disguised himself as somebody else to avoid being recognized.

1827:

Klingberg, T. (2010). "Training and plasticity of working memory".

447:, covering the matters of rationalisation and transfer within the 7177: 6880: 6352: 5748: 4569: 4259: 2947: 2923: 841: 758:– similar to the above, but unconfined to criminal investigations. 716: 538: 479: 362: 316: 300: 182: 159: 4160:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

3372: 2180: 2028:"Detecting Deception in Online Profiles | Psychology Today" 1107: 914:

and it is strictly regulated by professional bodies such as the

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Mental reservation § Mentalis restrictio in moral theology

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The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection

1282:

The Book of Real Answers to Everything! – Why do people lie?

675:

Journalistic deception ranges from passive activities (i.e.

235:: making an indirect, ambiguous, or contradictory statement. 2260:

Milgram, Stanley (1963). "Behavioral Study of Obedience".

1687:"Adult Attachment and Patterns of Extradyadic Involvement" 811:

In general, Islam never allows deception and lie. Prophet

384:, camouflage is realized by 'hiding' some of the truths. 264:

Instrumental: to avoid punishment or to protect resources

158:

if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for

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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

2986:, 53(7), 803–805. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from the 2635:

Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct

969: 466:

A seventeenth-century story collection, Zhang Yingyu's

340:

To get someone's attention from the truth by offering

3557:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

3012:

Milgram, S. (1963). "Behavioral study of obedience".

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Zuckerman, M.; DePaulo, B. M.; Rosenthal, R. (1981).

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Some methodologies in social research, especially in

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is beneficial to brain health due to the presence of

27:

Causing someone to believe something that is not true

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Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

3076:

Deception. Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit

1173:

Daly, John A.; Wiemann, John M. (January 11, 2013).

840:, a posited being capable of deceiving the thinking 327:

to use hollow tanks made out of wood to fool German

247:: overstatement or stretching the truth to a degree. 8032: 8006: 7939: 7913: 7877: 7841: 7814: 7751: 7614: 7591: 7554: 7506: 7441: 7320: 7096: 7053: 6938: 6762: 6661: 6614: 6573: 6520: 6455: 6389: 6298: 6250: 6204: 6062: 5392: 5357: 5254: 4995: 4895: 4807: 4670: 4557: 4354: 4342: 4227: 4173: 4147: 4135: 4049: 3996: 3984: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3874: 3848: 3836: 3776: 3764: 3666: 253:: minimization or downplaying aspects of the truth. 3529:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 2540:Grieve, Rachel; Hayes, Jordana (January 1, 2013). 2217: 4081:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 3633:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2982:Kimmel, A. J. (1998). "In defense of deception". 2199:"Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception" 3976:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 2946:(4), 3–4. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from the 2885:Bröder, A. (1998). Deception can be acceptable. 1201:"Definition of 'deception' – English Dictionary" 881:(1964), criticizing the use of deception in the 734:– in the case of disguise and disguised movement 533:Using deception to enhance or protect one's own 2832:False colors: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage 2713:Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of Deception 2081: 2079: 2925:Frauds, Spies, and Lies and How to Defeat Them 2047:"Catfishing: The truth about deception online" 715:), or a criminal prosecution, on the basis of 270:Identity: to preserve "face" or the self-image 267:Relational: to maintain relationships or bonds 142:can also form grounds for civil litigation in 7281: 4511: 4289:Election denial movement in the United States 3175: 3014:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 2526: 2524: 8: 2766:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2582:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2488:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2372:. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2224:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 1920:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1872:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1735:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1641:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1556:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1464:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1382:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 405:In nature, the defensive mechanisms of most 123:and distrust. Deception violates relational 2131: 2129: 1959:Current Directions in Psychological Science 836:, in which he introduced the notion of the 820:political regimes", and has been evoked by 390:as a form of visual deception is a part of 7943: 7748: 7737: 7659: 7317: 7304: 7288: 7274: 7266: 7141: 7050: 6984: 6935: 6386: 6375: 6059: 5962: 5781: 5643: 5494: 5432: 4992: 4981: 4892: 4804: 4747: 4554: 4543: 4518: 4504: 4496: 4384: 3993: 3961:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 3761: 3750: 3663: 3571: 3505: 3202: 3182: 3168: 3160: 2895:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1602:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 824:to portray the faith allowing dishonesty. 291:In the biological world, mimicry involves 7806:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder 3095:"Scientists Pick Out Human Lie Detectors" 3074:Robert, W.; Thompson, Nicholas S., eds., 2642: 2609: 2557: 2273: 2262:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1891: 1803: 1702: 92:Learn how and when to remove this message 7674:Basic interpersonal communicative skills 4314:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 502: 132:amount of deception occurs between some 4113:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 2571: 2569: 1165: 653:has its reaction (Gaspar et al.,2019). 4240:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 4031:Soviet influence on the peace movement 3628:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 2867:Blechman, Hardy; Newman, Alex (2004). 2746: 2736: 2546:Personality and Individual Differences 1680: 1678: 1633: 1631: 1595: 1593: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 188:Deception of woman, with self-portrait 7536:High-context and low-context cultures 3965:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 2807:. (2010). Retrieved February 7, 2013. 2803:American Psychological Association – 2064: 2062: 2060: 1990: 1988: 1951: 1949: 1913: 1911: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1549: 1547: 1457: 1455: 1304: 1302: 1176:Strategic Interpersonal Communication 848:. The notion was used as part of his 7: 7885:Computer processing of body language 2955:Constructing the political spectacle 1685:Allen, E. S.; Baucom, D. H. (2004). 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 256:Untruths: misinterpreting the truth. 7900:List of facial expression databases 7890:Emotion recognition in conversation 6153:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4235:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 3445:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 2637:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2492:https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000250 2226:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 883:Milgram (1963) obedience experiment 449:techniques of propaganda generation 127:and is considered to be a negative 3706:Misinformation related to abortion 3091:. Monash University, October 2011. 3080:State University of New York Press 2346:. HarperCollins Publishers Limited 2092:Academy of Management Perspectives 1323:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00127.x 916:American Psychological Association 764:– secrecy for military operations 25: 7784:Childhood disintegrative disorder 6553:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 6435:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory 6285:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 3923:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 3536:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 2944:IRB: Ethics and Human Research, 3 222:Some forms of deception include: 65:uses deprecated inline citations. 7252: 7251: 6012:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 5949:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 5315:South African Airways Flight 295 4476:United States Information Agency 3755:Operations and events by country 3147: 3135: 3121: 2869:DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material 2051:Scientific American Blog Network 1704:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x 1344:Zhang, Yingyu (September 2017). 957: 162:. It also forms a vital part of 119:that often leads to feelings of 47: 6596:Petrograd Military Organization 6119:International Jewish conspiracy 5967:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 5629:Denial of the 7 October attacks 5454:California drought manipulation 4076:Information war against Ukraine 3623:International Jewish conspiracy 3591:Congo Free State propaganda war 2715:. Vol. 14. pp. 1–59. 609:Executive control is a part of 6545:Israel-related animal theories 4304:Information Operations Roadmap 4214:Psychological Warfare Division 3784:Chinese information operations 3733:Water fluoridation controversy 3028:Research Methods in Psychology 2967:. Cambridge University Press. 2964:The Politics of Misinformation 2490:. Advance online publication. 2396:oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com 2340:"Definition of 'double bluff'" 1017:interpersonal deception theory 217:Interpersonal Deception Theory 1: 8093:Barriers to critical thinking 6707:First Catilinarian conspiracy 5749:Ideology in incel communities 4411:Active Measures Working Group 4069:during the Russo-Georgian War 4036:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 3126:The dictionary definition of 2721:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60369-X 1768:Diamond, A.; Lee, K. (2011). 1538:10.1016/S1090-5138(97)00088-3 1350:. Columbia University Press. 1123:Misdirection (disambiguation) 590:, relationship satisfaction, 7257:Category:Conspiracy theories 7068:Freeman on the land movement 6958:Maricopa County ballot audit 6916:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 5348:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 4632:Global catastrophe scenarios 4294:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 3971:Fake news in the Philippines 3343:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 2653:10.1002/9780470087923.hhs299 2320:. Cambridge University Press 2138:Journal of Mass Media Ethics 2014:"Myth-busting online dating" 1829:Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1526:Evolution and Human Behavior 1438:10.1080/10510974.2012.755637 713:fraudulent misrepresentation 703:grounds for legal action in 555:Relationship-focused motives 394:. Some Allied navies during 156:fraudulent misrepresentation 7801:Nonverbal learning disorder 7379:Speech-independent gestures 7352:Facial Action Coding System 7232:Science by press conference 7205:Online youth radicalization 7124:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 6816:CIA assistance to bin Laden 6459:(outside the United States) 5623:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 5569:Mozambican presidential jet 5309:United Air Lines Flight 553 4840:Interdimensional hypothesis 4536:List of conspiracy theories 4421:Counter Misinformation Team 4416:Counter disinformation unit 3866:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 3353:Forgery as covert operation 3030:(Seventh Edition). Boston: 1098:Fear, uncertainty and doubt 192:Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz 8129: 7541:Interpersonal relationship 7342:Body-to-body communication 6521:Middle East / North Africa 5921:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 4431:The Disinformation Project 3861:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 3217:Algorithmic radicalization 2778:10.1037/0022-3514.35.5.345 2559:10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.001 2468:Buller & Burgoon, 1996 1932:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870 1841:10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002 1237:Collins English Dictionary 1211:Cambridge University Press 925: 804: 789: 687: 636: 630: 598:, personality traits, and 578: 420: 356: 32:Deception (disambiguation) 29: 7946: 7747: 7736: 7669: 7658: 7316: 7303: 7249: 7151: 7140: 6994: 6983: 6385: 6374: 5972: 5961: 5791: 5780: 5653: 5642: 5507: 5493: 5444: 5431: 4991: 4986:Deaths and disappearances 4980: 4851:Estimate of the Situation 4757: 4752:Astronomy and outer space 4746: 4553: 4542: 4533: 4394: 4383: 4348:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 4324:Tobacco industry playbook 4255:CIA Kennedy assassination 3760: 3749: 3581: 3570: 3515: 3504: 3388:Manipulation (psychology) 3212: 3201: 2887:American Psychologist, 53 2797:General and cited sources 2690:10.1017/S0142716400010948 2678:Applied Psycholinguistics 2398:. Oxford University Press 2150:10.1080/08900528809358312 1614:10.1177/01461672982411009 1568:10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.63 1232:"Definition of 'deceive'" 864:In psychological research 476:In romantic relationships 136:and relational partners. 7956:Behavioral communication 7045:Shakespearean authorship 7023:Shadow government claims 6831:Election denial movement 6727:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 5179:Diana, Princess of Wales 4730:Psychological projection 4713:Mass psychogenic illness 4436:East StratCom Task Force 4250:9/11 conspiracy theories 3247:List of cognitive biases 2961:Edelman, Murray (2001). 2907:10.1177/0146167288144002 2594:10.1177/1747021820978851 1971:10.1177/0963721411418467 1747:10.1177/0265407505052440 1476:10.1177/0265407501184002 1394:10.1177/0265407501181005 1078:Deception (criminal law) 1068:Communications deception 796:Christian views on lying 627:Online dating deceptions 575:Deception and infidelity 323:, it was common for the 117:relational transgression 7396:Interpersonal synchrony 7297:Nonverbal communication 7162:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 7156:Argument from ignorance 6861:Philadelphia Experiment 6480:Avro Arrow cancellation 6305:Denial of mass killings 5987:COVID-19 and xenophobia 5471:Free energy suppression 4662:Urban legends and myths 4587:power behind the throne 4362:Public opinion brigades 4319:Niger uranium forgeries 4309:Litter boxes in schools 3679:COVID-19 misinformation 3601:Free energy suppression 3510:Books and documentaries 3284:Euphemistic misspeaking 2477:Burgoon & Qin, 2006 2216:Paul E. Walker (2009). 2032:www.psychologytoday.com 2000:www.psychologytoday.com 1796:10.1126/science.1204529 621:sociosexual orientation 616:Sociosexual orientation 596:sociosexual orientation 515:Partner-focused motives 486:The Beguiling of Merlin 196:National Museum, Warsaw 63:. The reason given is: 36:Deceit (disambiguation) 8108:Psychology experiments 7993:Monastic sign lexicons 7684:Emotional intelligence 7200:Historical negationism 6634:Operation Sledgehammer 6400:Cow vigilante violence 6092:during the Black Death 5279:Great Kantō earthquake 5149:GEC-Marconi scientists 5095:Martin Luther King Jr. 4858:Lake Michigan Triangle 4827:Black Knight satellite 4688:Communal reinforcement 4602:Political conspiracies 4108:2016 Brexit referendum 3457:Scientific fabrication 3368:Historical negationism 3152:Quotations related to 1499:Personal Relationships 966:This section is empty. 506:Reasons for deceiving 494: 372: 199: 150:(where it is known as 7983:Impression management 6928:Stab-in-the-back myth 6737:Clockwork Orange plot 6265:Bihar human sacrifice 6196:Stab-in-the-back myth 6019:German POWs post-WWII 5901:Germ theory denialism 5896:Electronic harassment 5617:Smolensk air disaster 5581:Oklahoma City bombing 5459:Climate change denial 5255:Accidents / disasters 5191:Nepalese royal family 4678:Attitude polarization 4404:Fact-checking website 4209:Operation Mass Appeal 4191:Clockwork Orange plot 3701:Mental illness denial 3596:Climate change denial 3413:Psychological warfare 3383:Internet manipulation 3348:Firehose of falsehood 3274:Disinformation attack 3021:American Psychologist 2994:Latimer, Jon (2001). 2984:American Psychologist 2922:Cohen, Fred. (2006). 2819:American Psychologist 2344:collinsdictionary.com 2104:10.5465/amp.2017.0047 1426:Communication Studies 790:Further information: 483: 366: 186: 164:psychological warfare 140:Deceit and dishonesty 115:Deception is a major 7998:Verbal communication 7951:Animal communication 7869:Targeted advertising 7386:Haptic communication 6999:Dead Internet theory 6505:Daktari Ranch affair 6290:Trojan Horse scandal 5668:anti-gender movement 5648:Gender and sexuality 5605:Madrid train bombing 5551:Lufthansa Flight 615 5239:Sushant Singh Rajput 4779:Apollo Moon landings 4683:Cognitive dissonance 3543:Who's Who in the CIA 3144:at Wikimedia Commons 2450:. iBus Media Limited 1311:Communication Theory 1206:Cambridge Dictionary 1148:Swampland in Florida 1088:Electronic deception 1083:Deception in animals 937:Online disinhibition 932:Deception technology 922:In computer security 711:, or if deliberate, 694:For legal purposes, 529:Self-focused motives 469:The Book of Swindles 345:position may make a 168:denial and deception 30:For other uses, see 8083:Conspiracy theories 8007:Non-verbal language 7895:Gesture recognition 7742:Further information 7632:Emotion recognition 7583:Silent service code 7073:Redemption movement 6846:Georgia Guidestones 6129:Cultural Bolshevism 5768:Soy and masculinity 5438:Energy, environment 5342:EgyptAir Flight 990 5083:Lal Bahadur Shastri 5053:Subhas Chandra Bose 4527:Conspiracy theories 4245:Conspiracy theories 4186:Double-Cross System 4155:Conspiracy theories 4016:Operation INFEKTION 3804:Internet Water Army 3658:Strategy of tension 3523:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 3408:Post-truth politics 2392:"double bluff noun" 2072:. December 9, 2011. 1788:2011Sci...333..959D 1058:Academic dishonesty 998:Deception detection 611:executive functions 388:Military camouflage 319:). For example, in 209:omega-3 fatty acids 8033:Art and literature 7988:Meta-communication 7976:Passive-aggressive 7905:Sentiment analysis 7606:Non-verbal leakage 7168:Conspiracy fiction 7078:Sovereign citizens 6836:FBI secret society 6821:Clinton body count 6641:Gezi Park protests 6606:Ukraine bioweapons 6405:Greater Bangladesh 6147:Judeo-Masonic plot 5944:Water fluoridation 5911:HIV/AIDS denialism 5658:Alpha / beta males 5557:Widerøe Flight 933 5035:Władysław Sikorski 4774:Ancient astronauts 4141:HIV/AIDS denialism 4118:Trolls from Olgino 3892:Paid news in India 3882:Fake news in India 3696:HIV/AIDS denialism 3550:Merchants of Doubt 3423:Military deception 3398:Media manipulation 3237:Circular reporting 2855:. Bobolink Books. 2834:. Bobolink Books. 2170:, January 12, 2018 2045:d'Costa, Krystal. 1511:10.1111/pere.12007 1118:Media transparency 1073:Crowd manipulation 897:In social research 592:executive function 495: 491:Edward Burne-Jones 461:protective custody 392:military deception 373: 200: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8057: 7764:Asperger syndrome 7732: 7731: 7714:Social competence 7654: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7456:Emotional prosody 7362:Subtle expression 7347:Facial expression 7263: 7262: 7245: 7244: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7114:Birds Aren't Real 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6806:Black helicopters 6717:Mano Negra affair 6687:Itavia Flight 870 6624:2016 coup attempt 6528:In the Arab world 6460: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6358:Serbs during WWII 6275:Great Replacement 6133:Jewish Bolshevism 6049:War against Islam 6028:Product labeling 5997:French Revolution 5957: 5956: 5796:5G misinformation 5776: 5775: 5638: 5637: 5593:advance knowledge 5575:Pan Am Flight 103 5489: 5488: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5371:Yemenite children 5101:Robert F. Kennedy 5077:Lee Harvey Oswald 5059:Johnny Stompanato 4976: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4929:Aztec, New Mexico 4832:Cryptoterrestrial 4742: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4693:Confirmation bias 4493: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4329:Operation Shocker 4131: 4130: 4011:K-1000 battleship 3842:Operation Neptune 3745: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3566: 3565: 3500: 3499: 3492:Yellow journalism 3440:counterpropaganda 3321:List of fallacies 3254:Conspiracy theory 3222:Alternative facts 3140:Media related to 3055:. Vintage, 1995. 3005:978-0-7195-5605-0 2974:978-0-521-80510-0 2935:978-1-878109-36-1 2878:978-0-9543404-0-7 2861:978-0-9713244-6-6 2841:978-0-9713244-0-4 2730:978-0-12-015214-8 2662:978-0-471-76130-3 2233:978-0-19-530513-5 1782:(6045): 959–964. 1608:(11): 1228–1242. 1357:978-0-231-54564-8 1292:978-1-74129-007-3 1186:978-1-136-56375-1 1138:Smoke and mirrors 986: 985: 948:instant messaging 709:misrepresentation 564: 563: 400:dazzle camouflage 152:misrepresentation 102: 101: 94: 16:(Redirected from 8120: 7944: 7921:Ray Birdwhistell 7749: 7738: 7664:Broader concepts 7660: 7637:First impression 7318: 7305: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7267: 7255: 7254: 7183:pseudoskepticism 7142: 7051: 6985: 6936: 6826:Cultural Marxism 6458: 6387: 6376: 6176:Killing of Jesus 6124:Committee of 300 6107:Holocaust denial 6060: 6044:Tartarian Empire 6014: 6005: 5982:CERN ritual hoax 5977:Bhagwa Love Trap 5963: 5916:origins theories 5801:Anti-vaccination 5782: 5732:Transvestigation 5644: 5495: 5433: 5393:Body double hoax 5227:Alejandro Castro 5125:Pope John Paul I 5107:Salvador Allende 5041:Benito Mussolini 4993: 4982: 4935:Southern England 4893: 4836:Extraterrestrial 4805: 4767:Nibiru cataclysm 4748: 4703:Locus of control 4657:Secret societies 4555: 4544: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4497: 4385: 4204:MMR autism fraud 4087:On US elections 4021:Operation Toucan 3994: 3762: 3751: 3716:anti-vaccination 3664: 3611:Holocaust denial 3586:Bermuda Triangle 3572: 3506: 3435:black propaganda 3403:Potemkin village 3328:False accusation 3304:list of websites 3203: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3161: 3151: 3139: 3125: 3103:Associated Press 3043:Secrets and Lies 3009: 2996:Deception in War 2978: 2953:Edelman, Murray 2939: 2918: 2882: 2845: 2790: 2789: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2734: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2646: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2613: 2573: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2508:app.perusall.com 2500: 2494: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2284:10.1037/h0040525 2277: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2177: 2171: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2133: 2124: 2123: 2083: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2055: 2054: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1953: 1944: 1943: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1895: 1884:10.1037/a0021993 1867: 1861: 1860: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1807: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1730: 1717: 1716: 1706: 1682: 1673: 1672: 1653:10.1037/a0025497 1647:(6): 1302–1316. 1635: 1626: 1625: 1597: 1588: 1587: 1551: 1542: 1541: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1421: 1406: 1405: 1377: 1362: 1361: 1347:Book of Swindles 1341: 1335: 1334: 1306: 1297: 1296: 1277:Griffith, Jeremy 1273: 1267: 1264: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1170: 1093:Evasion (ethics) 1026:non-verbal cues. 981: 978: 968:You can help by 961: 954: 850:hyperbolic doubt 822:critics of Islam 604:attachment style 588:attachment style 503: 303:or other means. 97: 90: 86: 83: 77: 51: 50: 43: 21: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8054: 8045:Mimoplastic art 8028: 8019:Tactile signing 8002: 7935: 7909: 7873: 7837: 7810: 7743: 7728: 7704:Social behavior 7665: 7646: 7610: 7601:Microexpression 7587: 7571:One-bit message 7550: 7502: 7437: 7357:Microexpression 7312: 7299: 7294: 7264: 7259: 7241: 7173:Conspirituality 7147: 7128: 7092: 7083:Strawman theory 7049: 6990: 6967: 6934: 6900:Saddam–al-Qaeda 6876:Project Azorian 6856:Montauk Project 6758: 6742:Elm Guest House 6703:Roman Republic 6657: 6646:Sèvres syndrome 6610: 6569: 6516: 6485:Leuchter report 6457: 6451: 6381: 6362: 6303: 6300:Genocide denial 6294: 6246: 6200: 6186:New World Order 6058: 6010: 5999: 5968: 5953: 5823:in chiropractic 5787: 5772: 5739:Finger pinching 5727:litter box hoax 5693:HIV/AIDS stigma 5649: 5634: 5611:London bombings 5503: 5485: 5440: 5439: 5419: 5388: 5353: 5297:Lost Cosmonauts 5250: 5233:Jeffrey Epstein 5209:Osama bin Laden 5185:Alois Estermann 5071:John F. Kennedy 5017:Louis Le Prince 5000: 4987: 4964: 4891: 4817:Alien abduction 4803: 4762:2012 phenomenon 4753: 4734: 4666: 4549: 4538: 4529: 4524: 4494: 4485: 4390: 4371: 4350: 4338: 4223: 4219:Zinoviev letter 4169: 4143: 4127: 4051:Post-Soviet era 4045: 4006:Active Measures 3989: 3980: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3870: 3844: 3832: 3772: 3770:Jihadunspun.com 3756: 3737: 3662: 3638:New World Order 3606:Genocide denial 3577: 3562: 3511: 3496: 3418:Memetic warfare 3208: 3197: 3188: 3118: 3071: 3069:Further reading 3066: 3006: 2998:. John Murray. 2993: 2975: 2960: 2936: 2921: 2892: 2879: 2866: 2849:Behrens, Roy R. 2842: 2828:Behrens, Roy R. 2826: 2799: 2794: 2793: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2745: 2735: 2731: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2663: 2644:10.1.1.177.9157 2632: 2631: 2627: 2575: 2574: 2567: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2370:ldoceonline.com 2364: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2244: 2234: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2161: 2157: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2085: 2084: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2058: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2016:. May 14, 2015. 2012: 2011: 2007: 1994: 1993: 1986: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1732: 1731: 1720: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1553: 1552: 1545: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1461: 1460: 1453: 1423: 1422: 1409: 1379: 1378: 1365: 1358: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1143:Sting operation 1113:Limited hangout 1053: 1000: 991: 982: 976: 973: 939: 934: 926:Main articles: 924: 912:research ethics 907:Stanley Milgram 899: 866: 830: 809: 803: 798: 788: 779: 762:Military secret 725: 692: 686: 673: 650: 641: 635: 629: 583: 577: 478: 433:Sherlock Holmes 425: 419: 409:to eject black 361: 355: 338: 309: 289: 277: 251:Understatements 181: 176: 98: 87: 81: 78: 67: 58:has an unclear 52: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8126: 8124: 8116: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8103:Human behavior 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8075: 8074: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8010: 8008: 8004: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7953: 7947: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7926:Charles Darwin 7923: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7755: 7753: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7734: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7622:Affect display 7618: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7510: 7508:Social context 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7458: 7453: 7447: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7416:Pupil dilation 7413: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7344: 7339: 7330: 7324: 7322: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7285: 7278: 7270: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7227:Radicalization 7224: 7223: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7195:Fringe science 7192: 7190:Falsifiability 7187: 7186: 7185: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7088:Tax protesters 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7059: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7020: 7018:New chronology 7011: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6988: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6963:Stop the Steal 6960: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6888: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6768: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6662:Other European 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6620: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Golden billion 6588: 6583: 6581:Alaska payment 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6463: 6461: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6393: 6391: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6211: 6209: 6207:Anti-Christian 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6149: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6126: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6112:Trivialization 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6054:White genocide 6051: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6026: 6024:Priory of Sion 6021: 6016: 6008: 6007: 6006: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5959: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5828:misinformation 5825: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5778: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5710:Lavender scare 5702: 5701: 5700: 5690: 5688:gay Nazis myth 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5563:KAL Flight 007 5560: 5554: 5548: 5539: 5533: 5530:Reichstag fire 5527: 5518: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5464:false theories 5456: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5410:Vladimir Putin 5407: 5402: 5400:Paul McCartney 5396: 5394: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5336:TWA Flight 800 5333: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5303:JAT Flight 367 5300: 5294: 5288: 5285:Lynmouth Flood 5282: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5203:Benazir Bhutto 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5119:Renny Ottolina 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5065:Marilyn Monroe 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5023:Lord Kitchener 5020: 5014: 5011:Zachary Taylor 5007: 5005: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4978: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4847: 4842: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4751: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4637:Hidden message 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4581:éminence grise 4577: 4567: 4561: 4559: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4299:Habbush letter 4296: 4291: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4181:Bell Pottinger 4177: 4175: 4174:United Kingdom 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4055: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3838: 3837:Czechoslovakia 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3809:PLA Unit 61398 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3684:by governments 3676: 3670: 3668: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3521:Disinformation 3516: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3242:Cognitive bias 3239: 3234: 3232:Cherry picking 3229: 3224: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3199: 3198: 3195:misinformation 3191:Disinformation 3189: 3187: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3117: 3116:External links 3114: 3113: 3112: 3107:Zhang Yingyu, 3105: 3092: 3083: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3046: 3038:Bruce Schneier 3035: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3004: 2991: 2980: 2973: 2958: 2951: 2940: 2934: 2919: 2901:(4): 664–675. 2890: 2883: 2877: 2864: 2846: 2840: 2824: 2814: 2808: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2772:(5): 345–350. 2756: 2747:|journal= 2729: 2703: 2684:(4): 471–484. 2668: 2661: 2625: 2588:(5): 910–927. 2565: 2552:(2): 311–314. 2532: 2520: 2495: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2444:"Double Bluff" 2435: 2418:"Double Bluff" 2409: 2383: 2366:"double bluff" 2357: 2331: 2314:"double bluff" 2305: 2268:(4): 371–378. 2252: 2242: 2232: 2208: 2190: 2172: 2155: 2125: 2075: 2056: 2037: 2019: 2005: 1984: 1965:(5): 296–300. 1945: 1926:(6): 870–883. 1907: 1878:(5): 827–837. 1862: 1835:(7): 317–324. 1819: 1760: 1741:(3): 339–360. 1718: 1697:(4): 467–488. 1691:Family Process 1674: 1627: 1589: 1543: 1532:(6): 387–402. 1516: 1505:(4): 669–689. 1489: 1470:(4): 463–476. 1451: 1432:(2): 141–157. 1407: 1388:(1): 107–129. 1363: 1356: 1336: 1317:(3): 203–242. 1298: 1291: 1268: 1254: 1223: 1192: 1185: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1049: 999: 996: 990: 987: 984: 983: 964: 962: 938: 935: 923: 920: 898: 895: 865: 862: 858:Stanley Cavell 829: 826: 805:Main article: 802: 799: 787: 784: 778: 775: 774: 773: 772: 771: 759: 756:Misinformation 753: 747: 741: 735: 724: 721: 690:Tort of deceit 688:Main article: 685: 682: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 661: 658: 649: 646: 631:Main article: 628: 625: 579:Main article: 576: 573: 562: 561: 560:relationship. 557: 551: 550: 531: 525: 524: 517: 511: 510: 507: 477: 474: 421:Main article: 418: 415: 357:Main article: 354: 351: 337: 334: 329:reconnaissance 308: 305: 288: 285: 276: 273: 272: 271: 268: 265: 258: 257: 254: 248: 242: 236: 230: 180: 177: 175: 172: 110:self-deception 100: 99: 60:citation style 55: 53: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8125: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8098:Communication 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Sign language 8012: 8011: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7876: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7859:Freudian slip 7857: 7855: 7854:Lie detection 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7833:Mirror neuron 7831: 7829: 7825: 7824:Limbic system 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7789:Rett syndrome 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7719:Social skills 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7694:People skills 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7679:Communication 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7661: 7657: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615:Multi-faceted 7613: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7526:Display rules 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7497: 7496:Voice quality 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7333:Body language 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7286: 7284: 7279: 7277: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7258: 7248: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7143: 7139: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7063:Admiralty law 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004:NESARA/GESARA 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6986: 6982: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6940:2020 election 6937: 6929: 6925: 6924:POW/MIA issue 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6911:Trump–Ukraine 6909: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6801:Biden–Ukraine 6799: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771:Barack Obama 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6764:United States 6761: 6753: 6752:Voting pencil 6750: 6748: 6747:Harold Wilson 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6495:Casa Matusita 6493: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6454: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6377: 6373: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333:The Holocaust 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6260:Counter-jihad 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6243: 6242:Giuseppe Siri 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6215:Anti-Catholic 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6087:Doctors' plot 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6003: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5964: 5960: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5884:United States 5881: 5877: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5763:Satanic panic 5761: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5698:United States 5696: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5509: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5443: 5434: 5430: 5416: 5415:Melania Trump 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5405:Avril Lavigne 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5377:Elvis Presley 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5197:Yasser Arafat 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173:Yitzhak Rabin 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5003: 4998: 4997:Assassination 4994: 4990: 4983: 4979: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4953:Alien autopsy 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4887:Project Serpo 4885: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4749: 4745: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:Pseudoscience 4645: 4643: 4642:Pseudohistory 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4612:Crisis actors 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4441:FactCheck.org 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4399:Fact-checking 4397: 4396: 4393: 4386: 4382: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228:United States 4226: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3789:50 Cent Party 3787: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3748: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3393:Media culture 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3333:False dilemma 3331: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3132:at Wiktionary 3131: 3130: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3085:Kopp, Carlo, 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3061:0-679-76399-6 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049:Robert Wright 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2928:. ASP Press. 2927: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2740: 2732: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2449: 2448:pokernews.com 2445: 2439: 2436: 2424:. Casino City 2423: 2422:pokerzone.com 2419: 2413: 2410: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2319: 2318:cambridge.org 2315: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2275:10.1.1.599.92 2271: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2253: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162:Ruth Graham, 2159: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2009: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1823: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1243: 1242:HarperCollins 1239: 1238: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1179:. 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