74:
1830:, lit: "mouth of the King") - Title for the Imperial Supreme Court Justices that is equivalent to "Lord Justice" or "Lord Chief Justice" (in the case of the Chief Justice). The title was originally given to the two chief heralds who acted as official spokesmen for the Emperor, hence the name "mouth of the King". Since the Emperor never spoke in public, these officials always spoke in public on his behalf (speaking as if they were the Emperor). By 1942, this title was granted only to Justices of the Imperial Supreme Court.
1997:, "mayor" or "Lord Mayor") - A mayor of a large town or city in modern times. In ancient times a kantiba was a chief, the king's lieutenant that used to govern a province or more provinces. He had soldiers. The kantiba had the task to administrate the given areas. In certain cases the title of kantiba could have passed down from father to son, and in some others the title was given to elected individuals for a few years, where at the end of the mandate another person was elected.
60:
311:
2681:
34:
1858:, "keeper of time") - High official, often a clergyman, who was responsible for keeping the Emperor's schedule and had authority over the clergy assigned to the Imperial Court. The position was one of immense power in medieval times, but became largely titular under the Gondarine Emperors and eventually went out of existence.
1844:) - The impersonator or double of the Emperor, who accompanied him in battle. Two trusted and highly favored officials were given this title. They always walked or rode on either side of the monarch in battle, or in public processions, dressing as magnificently, or more magnificently then he, in order to distract assassins.
1793:") - The most powerful post at the Imperial court. According to John Spencer, he was "the one who traditionally walked two steps behind the Emperor to listen to and write down all orders that the latter gave out in the course of an audience or an inspection tour." Spencer adds that under Haile Selassie the
1797:
safeguarded the Great Seal, kept the records of all important appointments, and was responsible for publishing all laws and treaties; "his signature, rather than that of the
Emperor, appeared on those publications although the heading in each case referred to His Imperial Majesty." The office was
1286:, Dame) – Originally high noble title that over time came to be the general accepted form of address for married women in general (Mrs.). It was still awarded by the Emperor on rare occasions in the 20th century to non-royal women, and sometimes with the higher grade of
1149:, short for Dejenazmach, Commander of the field) – a military title meaning commander of the central body of a traditional Ethiopian army formation composed of a forward or vanguard, the main central body, left and right flanks and a rearguard. Marcus equates this to a
1487:(the right to wear a coronet), it was higher than even the title of Ras. Although a civil title granted by the Emperor, it was usually bestowed on a clergyman due to Axum's status as the holiest site of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church within the country. The title of
280:
There were also parallel rules of precedence, primarily seniority based on age, on offices held, and on when they each obtained their titles, which made the rules for precedence rather complex. Combined with the ambiguous position of titled heirs of members of the
2281:
Taken from the 1998 book, Ethiopia
Reaches Her Hand Unto God: Imperial Ethiopia’s Unique Symbols, Structures, and Role in the Modern World, by Gregory R. Copley, International Strategic Studies Association, published here online by The Crown Council of Ethiopia]
885:. Lij Tedla Melaku, an influential Ethiopian philosopher, monarchist, and a member of the Gondar-Lasta branch of the Solomonic-Zagwe Imperial House and the Shewan nobility was also invested with the title of Abeto by the Crown Council of Ethiopia in 2019.
289:, replaced the traditional system of precedence with a simplified, Western-inspired system that gave precedence by rank, and then by seniority based when the title had been assumed – irrespective of how the title was acquired.
2313:
1925:, "head of the merchants") - The appointed leader of a larger town's merchants, who supervised the operations of the markets, the administration of customs, and the collection of taxes. By the end of the 19th century a
1312:, Lady) – Originally high ranking noble title for unmarried women, now the general accepted form of address for unmarried women in general (Miss). It was sometimes awarded with the added distinction of
1245:, Commander of the Rearguard) – a military title meaning commander of the rearguard of a traditional Ethiopian armed force. This was usually a trustworthy counselor and the leader's chief minister.
1263:, Commander of an Amba or fortress) – these could also be commanders of the guards, artillery or cavalry of a traditional Ethiopian armed force, basically a man entrusted with important commands.
1945:, who by 1906 supervised foreign businesses and diplomatic missions in the capital, the organisation of hand was responsible for granting concessions and contracts to foreign enterprises, making the post the
2351:
581:, consort of Menelik II, became the first Itege to be crowned by the Emperor at church rather than at the Palace. Her coronation took place on the second day of the emperor's coronation holiday.
2306:
204:, "officer") were the appointed nobles, often of humble birth, who formed the bulk of the aristocracy. Until the 20th century, the most powerful people at court were generally members of the
1727:
which was restored to
Ethiopia in 1952. The title was still used after the dissolution of the federal arrangement, and was uniformly adopted by the rulers of the other provinces as well.
2262:. Edited by Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1993. Online at
1964:. These functions were separated by the formation of the first cabinet in 1907, with Haile Giyorgis appointed to those posts. With Haile Giyorgis' removal from office by then-Regent
2299:
2471:
2506:
2501:
3375:
2368:
2363:
1187:, Commander of the Vanguard) – a military title meaning commander of the vanguard of a traditional Ethiopian armed force. Marcus equates this to a
2584:
2424:
811:, Emperor Haile Selassie's niece by his elder brother, who received the title with the dignity of "Highness" from Zewditu upon the princess' marriage to
2466:
2419:
2344:
697:, whose family had resented being denied the title by Menelik), who were now technically made subordinate to him, instead elected to use the title of
365:("Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah") always preceded the titles of the Emperor. It was not a personal title but rather referred to the title of
2544:
2494:
1011:, "Royal Lady") was a title reserved for the unmarried granddaughters of the monarch in the female line (they were generally granted the title of
640:
was awarded at the discretion of the
Emperor to those who ruled important provinces, although it was often used hereditarily during and after the
2624:
2459:
2439:
1961:
1209:, Commander of the Right flank) – a military title meaning commander of the right flank of a traditional Ethiopian armed force.
2454:
2406:
2396:
1749:, who during that period held most of the (considerably diminished) imperial power. It was last granted to Yohannes IV by his brother-in-law
1069:
who appointed two of these, one of the Left and one of the Right. These were later merged into one office, which became the supreme grade of
1886:, "page") - The rank of high court officials in charge of maintaining palace protocol and meeting the personal needs of the Imperial family.
1227:, Commander of the Left flank) – a military title meaning commander of the left flank of a traditional Ethiopian armed force.
2659:
2536:
2511:
1385:, this office lost much of its power. Although men are mentioned as holding this office into the 19th century, they held minimal influence.
47:
285:, Emperor Haile Selassie, as part of his programme of modernising reforms, and in line with his aims of centralising power away from the
3009:
764:; it was first applied to Dejazmatch Tafari and his wife Princess Menen, who were respectively designated Leul-Ras and Le'elt Woizero.
760:
and was formerly only used as a form of address. The term was introduced as an official title in 1916 by the former foreign minister
73:
1872:, "lord of the pages") - High court official that served as administrator of the Palaces. The title was later used as an honorific.
865:, "Prince") – Title reserved for males of imperial ancestry. The title fell into disuse by the late 19th century.
504:(reigned 1917–1930) was the only woman to be crowned in Ethiopia in her own right since ancient times. Rather than take the title
3198:
2577:
2356:
2434:
2322:
2012:
464:, for instance, referred to himself in the first-person plural at all times, even in casual conversation and when speaking in
3380:
3336:
2339:
2286:
2215:
2190:
1123:'child') – Title issued at birth to sons of members of the Mesafint, the hereditary royal nobility.
675:
virtually all of the titles either lapsed into the
Imperial crown or were dissolved. In 1914, after having been appointed "
231:
were officials who had been granted specific offices in the
Abyssinian government or court. Higher ranks from the title of
3360:
3254:
3221:
3173:
3068:
2529:
1457:
and would currently be second in line in the line of succession if
Ethiopia were still a monarchy after Prince Zera Yacob.
541:
1479:. Because of the historical and symbolic importance of this city, the rules of precedence promulgated in 1689 ranked the
804:, as well as the monarch's granddaughters in the female line upon their marriages. The notable exception to the rule was
2631:
690:, in consideration of the hostile feelings this provoked among much of the nobility in northern Ethiopia (particularly
3350:
2702:
2647:
2570:
2373:
2073:
818:
in 1918, and then again from her uncle upon his coronation in 1930 with the enhanced dignity of "Imperial
Highness".
1723:). In the 20th century, the title was used by some provincial governors, chiefly that of the autonomous province of
3051:
1942:
2160:
1957:
2857:
2771:
2551:
2017:
1132:
369:
and placed the office of Christ ahead of the
Emperor's name in an act of Imperial submission. Until the reign of
1547:. The Wagshum was a hereditary title, and these rulers traced their ancestry back to the imperial family of the
3136:
3043:
962:: ልዑል ራስ) was given to the heads of the cadet branches of the imperial dynasty, such as the Princes of Gojjam,
51:
1983:, the head of the municipal government, which had been created in 1910, with other towns later following suit.
1929:
was often the single most important official in a town, essentially acting as its mayor. By 1900 the various
2906:
2900:
2893:
2391:
1904:, but considered a lower rank in Ethiopia, whereas Pasha was a high rank at the Turkish and Egyptian courts.
1818:
1441:) – Duke of Harar. Hereditary title created in 1930 for Emperor Haile Selassie's second son,
1100:
1042:
914:
3150:
3370:
3365:
3355:
2972:
2275:
633:
255:
80:
2142:
1650:
1629:) – Title reserved for the males of the family who ruled over the mountain fortress of
947:
3188:
2642:
2524:
2401:
1949:
882:
815:
761:
498:
in her own right, literally "Queen of Kings", or "Queen of Queens", or "female ruler of an empire."
3156:
3102:
3038:
2967:
2929:
2145:
1784:
1691:
1118:
1060:
932:
305:
3216:
3183:
3061:
3056:
3033:
2878:
2792:
2739:
2383:
808:
2619:
2291:
1719:
in 1930. The title used by the monarch's representatives to fiefs and vassals (in this sense, a
3163:
3141:
3131:
3126:
3097:
3092:
2766:
2664:
2211:
2186:
2164:
2156:
1799:
1760:
1750:
1667:
1382:
778:
738:
701:
of Wollo. Tafari
Makonnen, who later became Emperor Haile Selassie, was bestowed the title of
618:
425:
405:
378:
354:
327:
319:
151:
146:, "prince"), the hereditary royal nobility, formed the upper echelon of the ruling class. The
108:
2107:
Vadala, Alexander Atillio (2011). "Elite Distinction and Regime Change: The Ethiopian Case".
1700:
of the Empire in times of the Emperor's youth, infirmity, or other limited capacity. Empress
967:
756:
style used by sons and grandson of Ethiopia's dynastic monarchs. It is equivalent to that of
636:, over whom collectively the monarch ruled, thus justifying his imperial title. The title of
577:
Empresses were generally crowned as consorts by the emperor at the Imperial Palace. However,
3208:
3203:
3107:
3027:
2995:
2978:
2962:
2787:
2716:
2489:
2414:
2116:
2045:
1809:
1638:
1091:
1033:
905:
874:
851:
832:
717:
713:
468:(however this was not the case when he spoke in English, in which he was not fully fluent).
190:
88:
3178:
3004:
2956:
2824:
1968:
1953:
1742:
1712:
1587:, a longtime rival of the family of Emperor Yohannes IV was one of the more famous of the
1577:
1570:
1522:
1491:
was also granted to the administrator of the Church of St. Mary at Addis Alem, founded by
1442:
1424:
1408:
1352:
963:
938:
694:
687:
641:
544:
excluded women from the succession to the throne so this title was effectively abolished.
465:
59:
41:
1399:, "Fearsome Commander" or "supreme general") – This title is related to "
3168:
3086:
3022:
3016:
2918:
2912:
2852:
2723:
2516:
2479:
1753:(Wagshum Gobeze) before the former deposed the later and seized the throne for himself.
1716:
1646:
1584:
1544:
1412:
992:, "Great Royal Lady") was a title reserved for the wives of those bearing the title of
797:
590:
461:
315:
213:
66:
3344:
3314:
2923:
1548:
1471:, one put in office through the laying of hands") – civil governor of
571:
509:
495:
339:
310:
1378:
460:
All formal speech concerning the Emperor was in the plural, as was his own speech;
331:
3309:
1525:
during the Middle Ages. Other districts included Akele Guzay (now part of Eritrea)
1483:
ahead of all of the provincial governors. Indeed, when the title was granted with
2263:
3291:
3246:
2883:
1976:
1938:
1642:
1610:
1374:
1338:
896:
881:, "Great Prince"), and this form is still used by the current Iyasuist claimant
582:
578:
370:
259:
1381:), a powerful official in medieval Ethiopia. As a result of the revolts of the
516:
to indicate that she reigned in her own right. She was accorded the dignity of
3283:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2022:
1745:, which raised its holder over all appointed nobles. It was bestowed upon the
1492:
1066:
1065:'beloved') – An office thought to have been created by
672:
586:
326:
Although several kings of Aksum used this style, until the restoration of the
2120:
1453:). Upon the death of the Prince, his son Prince Wossen Seged was elevated as
525:
483:
3265:
2669:
1373:, "King of the sea") – Ruler of the territories north of the
270:
2808:
1900:) - A rank originally derived from the Turkish (Ottoman)/Egyptian title of
1715:, who was also her designated heir, and thus assumed the throne as Emperor
2680:
2085:
1355:. Senior military title abolished somewhere during the Era of the Princes.
224:, who by then were essentially coterminous with the Ethiopian government.
3320:
3193:
2711:
2654:
2604:
2593:
2331:
1630:
1617:
792:, "Princess"). This title came into use in 1916 upon the enthronement of
721:
645:
444:
96:
92:
17:
708:
Despite this, European sources referred to the Ethiopian monarch as the
247:, however, would traditionally be given precedence over a member of the
3237:
2888:
2830:
2007:
1724:
1720:
1701:
1606:
959:
793:
683:
559:
501:
447:), and when referred to by name in the third person with the suffix of
439:, "Your Majesty", or lit. "sire"), in his own household and family as
100:
1641:). The title of Jantirar is among the oldest in the Ethiopian Empire.
946:) – One of the powerful non-imperial titles; historian
2814:
2562:
1697:
1580:, a major figure of the Zemene Mesafint (Era of the Princes) period.
1351:
referred to as "The Lord of Lords" junior only to the Tsahife Lam of
1348:
753:
653:
397:, and which conferred hegemony over much of the north of the Empire.
1704:, who reigned from 1917 to 1930, was obliged to share power with an
3301:
1901:
1741:, "head of the nobles") – Title granted during the
1634:
1566:
1420:
1341:
province and the most senior military officer next to the Emperor.
1188:
1150:
657:
649:
608:
366:
309:
72:
58:
3273:
2801:
2159:
notes that the title of "Nebura ed" is also used by the head of
1472:
1407:" above. Beginning in the 18th century, this came to denote the
1074:
951:
942:
712:
well into the 20th century, switching to Emperor only after the
449:
394:
2566:
2295:
2208:
Ethiopia at Bay: A personal account of the Haile Selassie years
2074:"Intrigue and Power: Hayle Giyorgis, Addis Ababa's First Mayor"
632:, "king") was a hereditary ruler of one of Ethiopia's larger
589:
on the same day and during the same ceremony as her husband,
1499:
of Addis Alem was much further down the hierarchy than the
1169:) to elevate them above the non-imperial blood Dejazmaches.
400:
The Emperor was referred to by the dignities of the formal
2210:. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications. p. 118.
1798:
combined with that of Prime Minister during the tenure of
2234:, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), p. 154
705:
in 1928; he would be the last person to bear the title.
273:, who was of humble birth and therefore a member of the
1771:
1678:
745:
625:
432:
413:
131:
115:
1990:
1918:
1893:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1837:
1773:
1734:
1680:
1622:
1598:
1558:
1532:
1514:
1464:
1434:
1392:
1362:
1317:
1305:
1291:
1279:
1256:
1238:
1220:
1202:
1180:
1162:
1142:
1107:
1049:
1004:
985:
921:
858:
839:
785:
563:
529:
487:
386:
197:
182:
174:
166:
158:
27:
List of royal and noble titles in the Ethiopian Empire
1823:
1105:
1047:
919:
796:. Reserved at birth for daughters of the monarch and
660:, all held the title of Negus at some point, as the "
139:
123:
3300:
3282:
3264:
3245:
3236:
3117:
3079:
2988:
2949:
2942:
2868:
2842:
2780:
2759:
2752:
2732:
2695:
2688:
2612:
2382:
2330:
536:, "Elect of God"). She was commonly referred to as
338:, although "King of Kings" was used as far back as
1073:, "Ras Betwadad". Marcus equates the style to an
800:granddaughters. Usually bestowed on the wives of
574:. This refers to the wives of reigning emperors.
334:, rulers of Ethiopia generally used the style of
2185:. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute. p. 10.
208:appointed by the monarch, while regionally, the
2183:Ethiopia: The Challenge of Democracy from Below
1521:) – Governor of the province of
970:sub-branch of the last reigning Shewan Branch.
420:, "His Imperial Majesty"), in common speech as
2264:http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html#et0163
2052:, lit. "great" but also translated as "royal")
1445:. (The wife of the Mesfin was properly titled
345:The full title of the Emperor of Ethiopia was
2578:
2307:
2167:, "built by Menelik as the southern Aksum". (
996:and other high ranking women of royal blood.
212:enjoyed greater influence and power. Emperor
8:
2143:Ethiopia Military Tradition in National Life
1789:'scribe by command', translated as "
1015:upon marriage), and to the daughters of the
585:became the first Itege to be crowned by the
512:, Zewditu was given the feminine version of
2181:Zewde, Bahru; Pausewang, Siegfried (2002).
1449:, but was more commonly referred to as the
593:. The Itege was entitled to the dignity of
3242:
2946:
2756:
2692:
2585:
2571:
2563:
2314:
2300:
2292:
69:with other Ethiopian nobles and retainers.
2276:Imperial and Traditional Ranks and Titles
1979:lost most of its powers to the office of
1909:Important offices of the civil government
2067:
2065:
2063:
3376:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
3337:Ethiopian Aristocratic And Court Titles
2059:
2034:
1658:Important offices of the Imperial Court
869:Iyasu attempted to revive the title as
520:(" Imperial Majesty") and the title of
239:were also bestowed upon members of the
52:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1613:was the son of Shum Mercha of Tembien.
716:– around the same time the name
277:, even though their ranks were equal.
91:in 1974, there were two categories of
1475:reserved for the clergy. Also called
393:, "King of Zion"), whose seat was at
7:
1415:dropped it in favor of the title of
54: instead of Ethiopic characters.
216:greatly curtailed the power of the
2323:Royal and noble titles and honours
2072:Garretson, Peter (November 2000).
1573:, and hereditary in the family of
1503:of Axum, and was not accorded the
1495:west of Addis Ababa. However the
1324:, Great Lady), but only to widows.
25:
762:Blatten Geta Heruy Wolde-Selassie
2679:
1605:) – Governor of
1539:) – governor (or
32:
2013:Ethiopian ecclesiastical titles
1649:, was the daughter of Jantirar
1126:
597:("Her/Your Imperial Majesty").
251:of the same rank. For example,
1404:
1400:
671:During and after the reign of
363:Moa Anbessa Ze Imnegede Yehuda
1:
1933:had been subordinated to the
1609:district of Tigray. Emperor
937:'head', compare with
720:fell out of use in favour of
542:1955 Constitution of Ethiopia
540:, translated as "Queen". The
453:(effectively "Emperor", i.e.
361:; "Elect of God"). The title
2161:Basilica Church of St Maryam
1991:
1919:
1894:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1838:
1774:
1772:
1735:
1681:
1679:
1623:
1599:
1559:
1533:
1515:
1465:
1435:
1393:
1363:
1318:
1306:
1292:
1280:
1257:
1239:
1221:
1203:
1181:
1163:
1143:
1108:
1050:
1005:
986:
922:
859:
840:
786:
746:
626:
564:
530:
488:
433:
414:
387:
198:
183:
175:
167:
159:
132:
116:
1962:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1824:
1419:. Later revived in 1930 in
1337:(ጻሕፈ ላም) - governor of the
1106:
1048:
920:
140:
124:
3397:
2245:The Government of Ethiopia
2232:The Government of Ethiopia
1943:Haile Giyorgis Woldemikael
1764:
1671:
1329:Important regional offices
1267:
1130:
894:
782:
742:
668:of Gojjam", and so forth.
622:
606:
429:
409:
382:
358:
303:
155:
112:
2677:
2601:
2260:Ethiopia: a country study
2049:
2018:Ethiopian military titles
1813:
1425:Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen
1133:Ethiopian military titles
1095:
1037:
954:. The combined title of
909:
878:
855:
836:
508:, which was reserved for
293:Imperial and royal titles
262:and thus a member of the
194:
2121:10.1163/156913311X590664
1154:
1070:
680:
83:surrounded by retainers.
2603:(*) : state where
1696:'as myself') -
373:, the Emperor was also
266:, would have outranked
2287:Ethiopia's Aristocracy
2206:Spencer, John (1984).
323:
235:descending through to
220:to the benefit of the
84:
70:
40:This article contains
3381:Ethiopian given names
2109:Comparative Sociology
1971:in 1917, the post of
1645:, consort of Emperor
1543:) of the province of
1347:(ጎጃም ነጋሽ) - Ruler of
1335:Tsahife Lam of Amhara
1131:Further information:
1127:Men's military titles
313:
87:Until the end of the
81:Makonnen Wolde Mikael
76:
62:
3361:Gubernatorial titles
2502:Poland and Lithuania
1958:Minister of Commerce
1950:Mayor of Addis Ababa
1153:. The heirs of the "
883:Girma Yohannes Iyasu
816:Gugsa Araya Selassie
679:of Zion" by his son
2665:South Africa (Zulu)
2340:Commonwealth realms
2171:, 2nd ed. , p. 109)
2146:Library of Congress
2084:(V). Archived from
1791:Minister of the Pen
443:(our Master in the
342:(320's–360 CE/AD).
306:Emperor of Ethiopia
3351:Ethiopian nobility
1268:Women's honorifics
999:Alternatively, an
950:equates this to a
809:Yeshashework Yilma
752:, "Prince") was a
532:səyəmtä ’əgziabhēr
522:Siyimta Igzi'abher
351:Seyoume Igziabeher
324:
243:. A member of the
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256:Mengesha Yohannes
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16:(Redirected from
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1776:ts'äḥafe tə’əzaz
1769:romanized:
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1737:rə‘əsä mäkʷanənt
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644:. The rulers of
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1954:Chief of police
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1743:Zemene Mesafint
1731:Reise Mekwanint
1713:Tafari Makonnen
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1647:Haile Selassie
1614:
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1585:Sebhat Aregawi
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1517:təgray mäkōnən
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1413:Sahle Selassie
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1159:Leul Dejazmach
1157:" were titled
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67:Haile Selassie
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533:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:nigusa nigist
511:
507:
503:
499:
497:
492:
491:
486:: ንግሥተ ነገሥታት
485:
481:
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463:
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398:
396:
391:
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389:nəgusä tsiyon
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
356:
352:
348:
347:Negusa Nagast
343:
341:
340:Ezana of Axum
337:
333:
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317:
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299:Negusa Nagast
297:
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64:Negusa Nagast
61:
53:
49:
45:
43:
42:Ethiopic text
19:
3371:Royal titles
3366:Noble titles
3356:Court titles
3335:
3151:Ritterschaft
3149:
3120:and Caucasus
2829:
2807:
2800:
2637:
2607:still exists
2446:
2280:
2259:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2226:
2207:
2201:
2182:
2176:
2168:
2152:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:the original
2081:
2077:
2041:
2037:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1965:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1854:’aqabē sä‘at
1853:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1825:
1805:
1802:(1961–1974).
1794:
1790:
1775:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1730:
1709:
1705:
1682:
1663:
1624:
1616:
1600:
1595:Shum Tembien
1594:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1569:province of
1560:
1554:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1460:
1455:Mesfin Harar
1454:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1416:
1395:märəd ’azmač
1394:
1389:Merid Azmach
1388:
1379:Mereb Melash
1370:
1364:
1358:
1344:
1334:
1320:wäyzärit hoy
1319:
1314:Woizerit Hoy
1313:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1248:
1240:
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1222:
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981:
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828:
827:
822:
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805:
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787:
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757:
747:
734:
733:
728:
709:
707:
702:
698:
691:
676:
670:
665:
664:of Shewa", "
661:
637:
627:
614:
612:
601:
594:
576:
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555:
553:
548:
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531:
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489:
479:
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459:
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421:
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401:
399:
388:
375:Neguse Tsion
374:
362:
350:
346:
344:
335:
332:Yekuno Amlak
325:
298:
286:
282:
279:
274:
271:Alula Engida
267:
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236:
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217:
209:
205:
199:
184:
176:
168:
160:
147:
141:
133:
125:
117:
104:
86:
77:
63:
39:
3247:Australasia
3023:Switzerland
2919:Philippines
2875:Indonesia*
1977:Addis Ababa
1939:Addis Ababa
1931:negadrasoch
1868:blatēn gēta
1862:Blattengeta
1848:Aqabe Se'at
1840:liqä mäkʷas
1834:Liqe Mekwas
1733:(ርእሰ መኳንንት
1611:Yohannes IV
1601:šum tembien
1513:(ትግራይ መኮንን
1477:Liqat Aksum
1391:(መርዕድ አዝማች
1375:Mareb River
1371:Bahr Negash
1365:bahər nəgus
1339:Bete Amhara
1294:wäyzärō hoy
1288:Woizero Hoy
1161:(ልዑል ደጃዝማች
988:’əmäbēt hōy
897:Ras (title)
798:patrilineal
583:Menen Asfaw
579:Taytu Betul
371:Yohannes IV
359:ሥዩመ እግዚአብሔር
260:Yohannes IV
3345:Categories
3284:Micronesia
3189:Montenegro
3137:Azerbaijan
2655:Madagascar
2332:Monarchies
2325:by country
2217:0917256255
2192:9171065016
2165:Addis Alem
2115:(4): 641.
2029:References
2023:Horse name
1826:’afä nəgus
1589:Shum Agame
1561:Shum Agame
1555:Shum Agame
1493:Menelik II
1467:nəburä ’əd
1433:(መስፍነ ሐረር
1359:Bahr Negus
1316:(ወይዘሪት ሆይ
1259:balambaras
1251:Balambaras
1155:Leul Rases
1067:Zara Yaqob
982:Emebet Hoy
673:Menelik II
587:archbishop
457:Menelik).
237:Balambaras
3302:Polynesia
3266:Melanesia
3255:Australia
3217:Ruthenian
3157:Lithuania
2869:Southeast
2596:by nation
2407:Byzantium
2092:7 October
1864:(ብላቴን ጌታ
1850:(ዐቃቤ ሰዓት
1819:romanized
1806:Afe Negus
1683:’əndärasē
1597:(ሹም ተምቤን
1575:Dejazmach
1501:Nebura ed
1497:Nebura ed
1489:Nebure ed
1481:Nebura ed
1461:Nebura ed
1405:Qeñazmach
1401:Dejazmach
1361:(ባሕር ንጉሥ
1290:(ወይዘሮ ሆይ
1197:Qeñazmach
1183:fitawrari
1175:Fitawrari
1139:Dejazmach
1101:romanized
1043:romanized
984:(እመቤት ሆይ
915:romanized
871:Abeto-hoy
718:Abyssinia
692:Le'ul Ras
634:provinces
570:) was an
283:Mekwanint
275:Mekwanint
249:Mekwanint
241:Mekwanint
229:Mekwanint
222:Mekwanint
206:Mekwanint
181:, modern
169:mekʷanint
165:, modern
161:makʷanint
148:Mekwanint
138:, modern
122:, modern
18:Dejazmach
3213:Ukraine
3103:Portugal
3087:Holy See
3048:Ireland
3039:Scotland
2924:Thailand
2913:Cambodia
2901:Malaysia
2889:Javanese
2879:Balinese
2825:Nobility
2793:Mongolia
2689:Americas
2638:Ethiopia
2632:Eswatini
2605:monarchy
2594:Nobility
2507:Portugal
2447:Ethiopia
2374:Thailand
2243:Perham,
2002:See also
1973:negadras
1947:de facto
1935:negadras
1927:negadras
1921:nägadras
1915:Negadras
1836:(ሊቀ መኳስ
1765:ጸሓፌ ትእዛዝ
1747:Enderase
1706:Enderase
1664:Enderase
1631:Ambassel
1625:Jant’rar
1618:Jantirar
1557:(ሹም ዓጋመ
1505:Ras Warq
1485:Ras Warq
1463:(ንቡረ እድ
1451:Mesfinit
1308:wäyzärit
1302:Woyzerit
1255:(ባላምባራስ
1215:Grazmach
1205:qäñazmač
1145:däjazmač
1052:bitwädäd
1030:Bitwoded
1024:Bitwoded
1017:Leul Ras
966:and the
956:Leul Ras
842:abētōhun
829:Abetohun
813:Leul Ras
802:Leul Ras
754:princely
722:Ethiopia
646:Begemder
595:Girmawit
518:Girmawit
416:gərəmawi
314:Emperor
287:Mesafint
264:Mesafint
245:Mesafint
218:Mesafint
210:Mesafint
200:mekonnen
185:mekʷanin
177:makʷanin
126:mesāfint
118:masāfint
105:Mesafint
97:Ethiopia
93:nobility
3321:Hawai‘i
3238:Oceania
3222:Galicia
3199:Romania
3184:Hungary
3179:Germany
3174:Georgia
3169:Bohemia
3164:Croatia
3142:Austria
3132:Armenia
3127:Albania
3057:Ireland
3034:England
3005:Kingdom
3001:France
2996:Belgium
2968:Iceland
2963:Finland
2957:Denmark
2930:Vietnam
2884:Chinese
2853:Princes
2831:Yangban
2797:Japan*
2767:Lebanon
2708:Mexico
2670:Morocco
2660:Somalia
2643:Nigeria
2625:Mamluks
2545:Ottoman
2541:Turkey
2537:Somalia
2521:Serbia
2512:Romania
2480:Maratha
2472:Germany
2467:Georgia
2455:Kingdom
2451:France
2435:Ancient
2425:Taiping
2357:Ancient
2254:Sources
2247:, p. 86
2046:Amharic
2008:Balabat
1993:käntiba
1987:Kantiba
1981:Kantiba
1917:(ነጋድራስ
1821::
1810:Amharic
1787:
1725:Eritrea
1721:Viceroy
1702:Zewditu
1694:
1621:(ጃንጥራር
1607:Tembien
1529:Wagshum
1447:Sefanit
1304:(ወይዘሪት
1282:wäyzärō
1276:Woyzero
1223:grazmač
1219:(ግራዝማች
1201:(ቀኛዝማች
1179:(ፊታውራሪ
1141:(ደጃዝማች
1121:
1103::
1092:Amharic
1063:
1045::
1034:Amharic
1007:’əmäbēt
968:Selalle
960:Amharic
935:
917::
906:Amharic
875:Amharic
852:Amharic
833:Amharic
794:Zewditu
560:Amharic
502:Zewditu
441:Getochu
435:janihoy
402:Girmawi
383:ንጉሠ ጽዮን
318:of the
191:Amharic
101:Eritrea
3209:Serbia
3204:Russia
3194:Poland
3062:Norman
3052:Gaelic
3010:Empire
2979:Sweden
2973:Norway
2943:Europe
2907:Brunei
2849:India
2821:Korea
2809:Daimyō
2772:Turkey
2740:Brazil
2703:Canada
2648:Rulers
2613:Africa
2517:Russia
2495:Joseon
2486:Korea
2476:India
2460:Empire
2440:Mamluk
2431:Egypt
2411:China
2369:Sweden
2214:
2189:
2078:Seleda
1989:(ከንቲባ
1876:Blatta
1814:አፈ ንጉሥ
1698:Regent
1571:Tigray
1535:wagšum
1531:(ዋግሹም
1523:Tigray
1411:until
1403:" or "
1353:Amhara
1349:Gojjam
1278:(ወይዘሮ
1237:(አዝማች
1233:Azmach
1003:(እመቤት
1001:Emebet
975:Emebet
964:Tigray
939:Arabic
879:አቤቶ ሆይ
788:lə‘əlt
775:Le'elt
769:Le'elt
654:Gojjam
566:’ətēgē
562:: እቴጌ
538:nigist
494:) was
466:French
445:plural
422:Janhoy
330:under
142:mesfin
134:masfin
103:. The
3315:Tonga
3108:Spain
3098:Malta
3093:Italy
3080:South
2950:North
2894:Malay
2843:South
2815:Meiji
2788:China
2733:South
2696:North
2620:Egypt
2552:Wales
2530:noble
2525:royal
2490:Silla
2402:Burma
2392:Akkad
2364:Spain
2352:Japan
1902:Pasha
1890:Basha
1882:blata
1878:(ብላታ
1761:Ge'ez
1672:እንደራሴ
1668:Ge'ez
1651:Asfaw
1637:(now
1635:Wollo
1567:Agame
1421:Wollo
1417:Negus
1369:, or
1241:azmač
1189:baron
1151:count
1038:ቢትወደድ
1013:leult
861:abētō
848:Abeto
846:) or
837:አቤቶኹን
823:Abeto
806:Leult
779:Ge'ez
748:lə‘ul
739:Ge'ez
710:Negus
703:Negus
699:Negus
684:Iyasu
677:Negus
666:Negus
662:Negus
658:Wollo
650:Shewa
638:Negus
628:nəgus
619:Ge'ez
615:Negus
609:Negus
602:Negus
556:Itege
549:Itege
526:Ge’ez
506:itege
484:Ge’ez
426:Ge'ez
406:Ge'ez
379:Ge'ez
367:Jesus
355:Ge'ez
336:Negus
156:መኳንንት
152:Ge'ez
113:መሳፍንት
109:Ge'ez
3274:Fiji
2989:West
2802:Kuge
2781:East
2760:West
2753:Asia
2724:Cuba
2420:Qing
2212:ISBN
2187:ISBN
2094:2014
1960:and
1896:baša
1892:(ባሻ
1785:lit.
1692:lit.
1541:shum
1473:Axum
1423:for
1119:lit.
1075:earl
1061:lit.
952:duke
943:Rais
933:lit.
783:ልዕልት
478:The
455:Atse
450:Atse
430:ጃንሆይ
410:ግርማዊ
395:Axum
349:and
227:The
195:መኮንን
99:and
2415:Jin
2345:Man
2163:at
2117:doi
2042:Jan
1975:of
1966:Ras
1937:of
1710:Ras
1633:in
1582:Ras
1545:Wag
1110:ləj
1088:Lij
1082:Lij
1071:Ras
980:An
924:ras
902:Ras
890:Ras
867:Lij
856:አቤቶ
743:ልዑል
681:Lij
623:ንጉሥ
613:A
554:An
268:Ras
253:Ras
233:Ras
189:or
95:in
78:Ras
3347::
3030:*
2129:^
2113:10
2111:.
2082:II
2080:.
2076:.
2062:^
2050:ጃን
2048::
1956:,
1952:,
1941:,
1816:,
1812::
1782:,
1767:,
1763::
1708:,
1689:,
1674:,
1670::
1116:,
1098:,
1096:ልጅ
1094::
1077:.
1058:,
1040:,
1036::
1019:.
930:,
912:,
910:ራስ
908::
877::
854::
835::
781::
741::
686:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
621::
428::
412:,
408::
385:,
381::
357::
193::
154::
111::
3317:*
3257:*
3110:*
3089:*
3019:*
2998:*
2981:*
2975:*
2959:*
2926:*
2915:*
2909:*
2903:*
2705:*
2672:*
2634:*
2586:e
2579:t
2572:v
2315:e
2308:t
2301:v
2220:.
2195:.
2123:.
2119::
2096:.
2044:(
1808:(
1759:(
1666:(
1653:.
1591:.
1551:.
1507:.
1427:.
1377:(
1191:.
1090:(
1032:(
958:(
904:(
873:(
850:(
831:(
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737:(
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558:(
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482:(
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150:(
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20:)
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