310:
1366:
753:
46:
2895:
1207:
2902:
912:
1428:
1855:
1355:
1912:
as they mature, to the extent that different growth stages were described as separate species, due in part to the presence or absence of spines. The purpose of the spines was puzzling, since in most island situations there is a tendency for plants to lose defenses - Hawaiʻi is noted for its
1972:
are often the first plants to disappear, even when the forest as a whole appears relatively healthy. Extinct species tended to have longer, more highly specialized flowers and to have narrower elevational and geographic ranges than the species that survived (Givnish et al. 1995).
1866:
1896:
are able to grow tall stalks is that they tend to grow in deep forest, often in narrow gulches on the older islands, where there is little wind. This characteristic of growing under dense cover also makes them more sensitive to disturbance of the forest.
1387:
are frequently found in more open areas and edges, and therefore persist better when forests become fragmented. Nevertheless, there are still many endangered species. The flowers are often large and spectacular; in section
774:. It was long thought to have been the result of a separate introduction, and its unique combination of characters made it difficult to place. These characters are the result of adaptation to growing on cliffs and
2935:) is extinct in the wild. Several species are known only from type specimens collected in the late 1800s. Several species are very poorly known, and their status as species is questionable. For example,
3133:
Givnish, T. J.; E. Knox; T. B. Patterson; J. R. Hapeman; J. D. Palmer; K. J. Sytsma (1996). "The
Hawaiian lobelioids are monophyletic and underwent a rapid initial radiation roughly 15 million years ago".
1941:
that formerly inhabited the islands (Givnish et al. 1995). These birds were apparently driven extinct by the
Hawaiians before Europeans reached the islands, but their evolutionary effects live on.
306:
have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. The relationships among the genera and sections remains unsettled as of April 2022.
2931:
fruit are orange, though some are also purple or blue). It is notable in part because it has suffered so much: only three of the nine species known to science are still extant, and one of these (
1881:
is the largest and most morphologically diverse group of
Hawaiian lobelioids, with more than 70 species. Most grow as a single stem or as a cluster branching near the ground, but a few, such as
1980:
on each major island tend to differ in flower tube length and mean elevation, apparently reflecting a partitioning of ecological and reproductive resources. The total number of species of
1236:
seeds to escape. They can be quite spectacular when in flower, with multiple flower branches and hundreds of flowers. Individual plants live for 5–10 years before flowering and dying.
1232:
by its unique dispersal method. Rather than drying and splitting apart, the outer (green) wall of the fruit disintegrates, revealing a perforated hard "frame" that allows the tiny
455:
that includes genera and sections from Hawaii is shown below, with added shading to show those treated as
Hawaiian lobelioids, which do not form a single clade in this study.
1992:
communities requires more than 0.6 million years (the age of Hawaii) and less than 1.5 million years (the age of Maui) to run to ecological saturation (Givnish et al. 2008).
274:
in the
Hawaiian Islands, and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera involved can be broadly separated based on growth habit:
351:
and pigs. Seedlings are also vulnerable to disturbance by pig digging, and in areas with high densities of pigs it is not uncommon to find the only lobelioids being
1889:
of Kauaʻi, can grow to over 9 metres (30 ft) tall - something that is especially notable given the relative thinness of the stem and soft wood.
3267:
3163:
Givnish, T. J.; K. C. Millam; A. R. Mast; T. B. Patterson; T. J. Theim; A. L. Hipp; J. M. Henss; J. F. Smith; K. R. Wood; K. J. Sytsma (2008).
2943:
are both from Hawaiʻi and their flowers are identical; it is possible that they represent different growth forms of the same species (both
2240:
1780:
3400:
3169:
363:
The group contains morphologically divergent species, and was long thought to have derived from at least three introductions: one for
3355:
Givnish, T. J.; K. J. Sytsma; J. F. Smith; W. S. Hahn (1995). "Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation, and geographic speciation in
3390:
3338:
2963:. All three of these are believed to be extinct, and unless new specimens turn up there is no way to resolve questions about them.
3395:
294:
are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits;
45:
1416:. The larvae of Drosophilidae flies breed in the rotting bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit of all lobelioids, but primarily
3280:
3053:
2031:
1506:
946:
3287:
1558:
989:
788:. This moth is now itself listed as endangered, surviving mainly on the southern slopes of Maui, well away from where
1299:
2927:
in many ways, differing primarily in the flower (with a small knob on the dorsal side) and fruit (dark purple; most
302:
have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar
3330:
3136:
2485:
953:, the smaller lobelias of rocky crests and interior rock walls), based on flower color and other characters. Like
1328:
1289:
1420:
since it is largest and most common. Several species of these native plants, especially on the Big Island, are
1251:
3405:
1757:
1482:
1268:
817:
816:
enjoys some small scale popularity as a house plant. The genus is named in honour of the first director of the
215:
202:
1964:
East Maui where almost no native habitat remains. Because they are particularly sensitive to disturbance by
1700:
391:
sequence evidence, it was later suggested that all are derived from a single introduction. This was likely a
3368:
2656:
1909:
1816:
1742:
1654:
1541:
1500:
794:
404:
3100:
1685:
1639:
1458:
1001:
965:
is a dry capsule. These species are probably the closest in appearance to the original
Hawaiian colonist.
3035:
2981:
2007:
1605:
1518:
1407:
1295:
1090:
792:
live. Some pollination may be done by closely related alien hawkmoths such as the five-spotted hawkmoth (
3024:
2445:
3385:
3295:
3066:
3013:
2870:
2831:
2751:
2548:
2529:
2512:
2493:
2430:
2370:
2179:
2051:
1828:
1775:
1768:
1670:
1620:
1589:
1570:
1553:
1412:
821:
400:
3047:
2820:
2766:
2667:
2570:
2468:
2419:
1365:
1177:
1022:
3077:
2908:
of Kauaʻi. Note the small knob about 1/3 of the way down the flower, one of the characters separating
2736:
2408:
2259:
2224:
1068:
3165:"Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)"
2991:
2575:
2381:
2328:
2294:
2152:
1961:
1926:
1804:
1079:
1048:
983:
2645:
2339:
2235:
2072:
309:
3088:
3002:
2792:
2713:
2622:
2583:
2559:
2358:
2125:
2101:
2044:
1715:
1166:
1138:
1126:
923:
2248:
3145:
2772:
2678:
2606:
2594:
2536:
2392:
2305:
2213:
2190:
1792:
1763:
1106:
1032:
837:
784:
271:
40:
2901:
1984:
can be predicted rather precisely from the height and area of each of the major islands except
752:
3364:
3334:
3250:
3223:"Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses"
3200:
2894:
2780:
2479:
2282:
2136:
2083:
1206:
1154:
1101:
396:
3240:
3230:
3190:
3182:
2724:
2701:
2201:
2024:
1929:
animals were known. However, it is now believed that the spines were a defense against the
1922:
1397:
934:
863:
809:
800:
267:
1354:
3308:
2951:
are known to undergo changes in vegetative morphology during the lifetime of the plant).
2858:
2846:
2145:
2113:
2089:
1985:
1475:
1334:
1261:
1119:
1054:
869:
247:
83:
3245:
3222:
3195:
3164:
2808:
2633:
2521:
1877:
1471:
1233:
812:
by botanists to ensure seed set. Both species are now extremely rare in the wild, but
229:
185:
70:
3221:
Kagame, Samuel Paul; Gichira, Andrew W.; Chen, Ling-Yun & Wang, Qing-Feng (2021).
911:
3379:
3178:
2977:
section
Delissea: nearly straight flowers 14–26 millimetres (0.55–1.02 in) long
2505:
2456:
2317:
2270:
2167:
1957:
1214:
255:
129:
1904:
is their tendency to grow spines or thorns on the stem and leaves (see the photo of
2960:
2689:
2345:
1918:
1632:
1530:
1427:
259:
139:
1908:). This is most pronounced in younger plants, and some species undergo a kind of
1865:
1854:
738:
The authors of the 2021 study described the taxonomy of several genera, including
3235:
2801:
2012:
1534:
1488:
1273:
1256:
1006:
775:
647:
1944:
Many species are now extinct or have not been seen in decades. These include
1914:
1721:
779:
176:
3062:
section
Macranthae: curved flowers 37–60 millimetres (1.5–2.4 in) long
1400:, giving the appearance of a flower with twice the normal number of petals.
938:
919:
767:
452:
448:
340:
251:
167:
119:
3254:
3204:
3186:
3326:
3144:(6 Supplement). Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America: 159.
2158:
1930:
1421:
1028:
843:
653:
439:
that was closely related to giant
African and South American lobelioids.
352:
332:
320:
Many species have beautiful and spectacular flowers, especially those in
263:
194:
109:
96:
17:
3149:
2057:
1582:
1379:, with 22 species, are the most common of Hawaiian lobelioids. Unlike
1372:, showing the tiny calyx lobes of section Clermontioideae (dark green).
1313:
1015:
937:. However, many lobelioid genera are derived from it and it is highly
906:
878:
481:
403:
were high islands and long before the current main islands existed. A
2956:
1147:
856:
771:
339:; the stems are only partly woody, and contain few defenses against
3359:(Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae)". In W. L. Wagner and V. Funk (ed.).
2094:
2061:
1934:
1426:
1393:
1317:
1282:
1115:
1041:
882:
852:
751:
436:
344:
329:
308:
279:
57:
742:, as "particularly frustrating" and called for further research.
2065:
2037:
2017:
1938:
1321:
1309:
1218:
1011:
994:
886:
283:
1965:
933:
is a cosmopolitan genus of over 350 species, including common
388:
348:
336:
759:, dense cluster of broad leaves with elongate white flowers.
395:-like species that arrived about 13 million years ago, when
343:. The bark contains a milky (but apparently non-poisonous)
3361:
1956:, a cluster of species that formerly inhabited the drier,
286:, up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall, with fleshy fruits;
941:. The Hawaiian species are divided into two sections (
2955:
was known only from the type, which was destroyed in
3216:
3214:
1361:, showing the "double flower" of section Clermontia.
3349:
The standard reference for Hawaiian plant taxonomy.
1406:is a very important host plant for many species of
979:section Galeatella: flowers red or yellow to white
3321:Wagner, W. L.; D. R. Herbst; S. H. Sohmer (1990).
1988:(the Big Island), suggesting that the assembly of
804:). Despite their inaccessible habitat on cliffs,
316:, long terminal inflorescences of magenta flowers.
328:. They are also highly vulnerable to feeding by
3279:Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989).
1885:, grow as multi-branched shrubs. Some, such as
1383:, which are typically found in dense forest,
1064:section Revolutella: flowers blue or magenta
443:formed a separate clade with some species of
8:
1396:lobes are similar in color and size to the
1861:, one of the species with abundant spines.
31:
3244:
3234:
3194:
2290:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, Hawaiʻi†)
766:is quite unlike the other genera, with a
3323:Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
2900:
2893:
1864:
1853:
1364:
1353:
1205:
910:
3125:
3304:
3293:
164:
7:
3057:(Niʻihau†, Kauaʻi†, Maui†, Hawaiʻi)
670:
639:
558:
530:
502:
472:
465:
458:
407:study published in 2021 found that
355:on larger trees or on fallen logs.
3268:National Tropical Botanical Garden
3170:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
895:* species is listed as endangered
25:
1900:An interesting character of many
3281:"ʻOhawai, haha, tree clermontia"
3114:† species believed to be extinct
2882:† species believed to be extinct
1842:† species believed to be extinct
1454:: calyx lobes similar to petals
1342:† species believed to be extinct
1194:† species believed to be extinct
945:, the giant lobelias of montane
893:† species believed to be extinct
489:(from Africa and South America)
44:
3116:* species is listed Endangered
2884:* species is listed Endangered
1844:* species is listed Endangered
1666:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1344:* species is listed Endangered
1196:* species is listed Endangered
1:
1872:, one of the largest species.
798:) and pink-spotted hawkmoth (
770:stem and long, thin, tubular
657:(from other Pacific islands)
3288:United States Forest Service
2398:Lammers Givnish & Sytsma
1635:, Puna, and Kaʻū on Hawaiʻi)
270:. This is the largest plant
3236:10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555
1738:: calyx lobes short, green
1290:Trematolobelia macrostachys
1211:Trematolobelia macrostachys
3422:
3331:University of Hawaii Press
3137:American Journal of Botany
1252:Trematolobelia grandifolia
1114:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi,
904:
3401:Natural history of Hawaii
1758:Clermontia clermontioides
1370:Clermontia clermontioides
1329:Trematolobelia singularis
1269:Trematolobelia kauaiensis
693:
675:
668:
644:
637:
584:
563:
556:
535:
528:
507:
500:
477:
470:
463:
347:, and is often chewed by
163:
158:
41:Scientific classification
39:
34:
27:Group of flowering plants
3391:Lists of flora of Hawaii
1753:(Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1514:(Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1483:Clermontia drepanomorpha
818:Bernice P. Bishop Museum
778:by the endemic Hawaiian
3396:Endemic flora of Hawaii
3369:Smithsonian Institution
1701:Clermontia persicifolia
1655:Clermontia oblongifolia
1566:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui)
1542:Clermontia hanaulaensis
278:are typically branched
3303:Cite journal requires
3187:10.1098/rspb.2008.1204
3036:Delissea rhytidosperma
2982:Delissea argutidentata
2917:
2906:Delissea rhytidosperma
2898:
2657:Cyanea purpurellifolia
2402:Rollandia angustifolia
1873:
1862:
1817:Clermontia tuberculata
1743:Clermontia arborescens
1519:Clermontia hawaiiensis
1501:Clermontia grandiflora
1436:
1408:Hawaiian Drosophilidae
1373:
1362:
1228:is distinguished from
1222:
927:
760:
405:molecular phylogenetic
317:
3101:Delissea waianaeensis
2904:
2897:
2195:Lammers & Lorence
1923:thornless raspberries
1868:
1857:
1686:Clermontia parviflora
1640:Clermontia multiflora
1621:Clermontia montis-loa
1590:Clermontia lindseyana
1459:Clermontia calophylla
1430:
1413:Drosophila silvestris
1368:
1357:
1209:
1002:Lobelia gloria-montis
916:Lobelia gloria-montis
914:
822:William Tufts Brigham
755:
401:French Frigate Shoals
312:
2382:Cyanea kolekoleensis
2313:(east Maui, Hawaiʻi)
2276:(F.Wimmer) H.St.John
2008:Cyanea aculeatiflora
1805:Clermontia pyrularia
1650:(Oʻahu†, west Maui†)
1606:Clermontia micrantha
1601:(Hawaiʻi, east Maui)
1091:Lobelia hillebrandii
984:Lobelia gaudichaudii
451:. The part of their
159:Genera and sections
35:Hawaiian lobelioids
3371:. pp. 288–337.
3089:Delissea subcordata
3025:Delissea parviflora
3003:Delissea kauaiensis
2986:(E.Wimm.) H.St.John
2878:- hanaʻlau (Kauaʻi)
2793:Cyanea stictophylla
2683:(Hillebr.) F.Wimmer
2672:(Hillebr.) F.Wimmer
2464:(Lānaʻi, west Maui)
2446:Cyanea linearifolia
2386:(H.St.John) Lammers
2375:(H.St.John) Lammers
2359:Cyanea humboldtiana
2299:(H.St.John) Lammers
2218:(H.St.John) Lammers
2102:Cyanea asplenifolia
2045:Cyanea angustifolia
1892:Part of the reason
1716:Clermontia samuelii
1616:(Lānaʻi, west Maui)
1139:Lobelia niihauensis
1127:Lobelia monostachya
314:Lobelia niihauensis
262:, all of which are
244:Hawaiian lobelioids
153:Hawaiian lobelioids
3067:Delissea laciniata
3014:Delissea lauliiana
2953:Delissea lauliiana
2918:
2899:
2871:Cyanea leptostegia
2832:Cyanea tritomantha
2752:Cyanea solenocalyx
2679:Cyanea quercifolia
2607:Cyanea platyphylla
2595:Cyanea pinnatifida
2549:Cyanea membranacea
2537:Cyanea mceldowneyi
2494:Cyanea macrostegia
2431:Cyanea leptostegia
2393:Cyanea koolauensis
2371:Cyanea kahiliensis
2306:Cyanea hamatiflora
2214:Cyanea eleeleensis
2191:Cyanea dolichopoda
2180:Cyanea degeneriana
1921:, and (not quite)
1906:Cyanea platyphylla
1874:
1870:Cyanea leptostegia
1863:
1859:Cyanea platyphylla
1829:Clermontia waimeae
1793:Clermontia peleana
1776:Clermontia fauriei
1696:(windward Hawaiʻi)
1690:Gaudich. ex A.Gray
1671:Clermontia pallida
1571:Clermontia kohalae
1554:Clermontia kakeana
1437:
1374:
1363:
1359:Clermontia pallida
1223:
1112:Kuhiʻaikamoʻowahie
928:
838:Brighamia insignis
795:M. quinquemaculata
785:Manduca blackburni
761:
757:Brighamia insignis
318:
3365:Washington, D. C.
3107:
3095:
3084:(Oʻahu†, Lānaʻi†)
3083:
3072:
3056:
3048:Delissea undulata
3042:
3030:
3019:
3008:
3007:(Lammers) Lammers
2997:
2987:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2837:
2826:
2821:Cyanea sylvestris
2815:
2799:
2787:
2781:Cyanea st.-johnii
2775:
2767:Cyanea spathulata
2757:
2742:
2731:
2719:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2673:
2668:Cyanea pycnocarpa
2662:
2651:
2640:
2628:
2613:
2612:(A.Gray) Hillebr.
2601:
2589:
2578:
2571:Cyanea parvifolia
2565:
2564:(A.Gray) Hillebr.
2554:
2543:
2527:
2516:
2500:
2488:
2480:Cyanea longiflora
2474:
2469:Cyanea longissima
2463:
2451:
2436:
2425:
2420:Cyanea lanceolata
2414:
2399:
2387:
2376:
2365:
2349:
2334:
2333:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2323:
2312:
2300:
2289:
2283:Cyanea grimesiana
2277:
2265:
2254:
2253:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2243:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2196:
2185:
2174:
2162:
2143:
2137:Cyanea copelandii
2131:
2120:
2108:
2107:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2092:
2084:Cyanea asarifolia
2078:
2055:
2035:
2015:
1933:, giant browsing
1799:
1783:
1766:
1748:
1747:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
1724:
1706:
1691:
1676:
1661:
1645:
1626:
1611:
1596:
1576:
1561:
1524:
1509:
1496:(Kohala, Hawaiʻi)
1491:
1465:
1337:
1303:
1276:
1259:
1183:
1178:Lobelia yuccoides
1172:
1161:
1155:Lobelia oahuensis
1150:†, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1145:
1133:
1109:
1102:Lobelia hypoleuca
1096:
1085:
1074:
1058:
1035:
1023:Lobelia kauaensis
1009:
992:
872:
846:
735:
734:
726:
725:
717:
716:
708:
707:
626:
625:
617:
616:
608:
607:
599:
598:
397:Gardner Pinnacles
240:
239:
234:
225:
212:
199:
190:
181:
172:
16:(Redirected from
3413:
3372:
3344:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3291:
3285:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3130:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3078:Delissea sinuata
3070:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3017:
3006:
2995:
2985:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2835:
2824:
2813:
2797:
2785:
2770:
2755:
2740:
2737:Cyanea solenacea
2729:
2725:Cyanea shipmanii
2717:
2706:
2702:Cyanea rivularis
2695:(Wawra) Hillebr.
2694:
2682:
2671:
2660:
2649:
2638:
2626:
2611:
2600:(Cham.) F.Wimmer
2599:
2587:
2574:
2563:
2552:
2541:
2525:
2510:
2498:
2484:
2473:(Rock) H.St.John
2472:
2461:
2449:
2434:
2423:
2412:
2409:Cyanea kunthiana
2397:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2343:
2332:
2321:
2310:
2298:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2260:Cyanea giffardii
2252:
2239:
2228:
2225:Cyanea elliptica
2217:
2206:
2202:Cyanea dunbariae
2194:
2183:
2172:
2156:
2141:
2129:
2118:
2106:
2088:
2076:
2049:
2029:
2025:Cyanea acuminata
2011:
1925:- and no native
1800:(Hawaiʻi, Maui?)
1797:
1779:
1761:
1746:
1720:
1704:
1689:
1674:
1659:
1643:
1624:
1609:
1594:
1574:
1557:
1522:
1505:
1487:
1463:
1333:
1293:
1272:
1255:
1181:
1170:
1159:
1143:
1131:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1072:
1069:Lobelia dunbarii
1052:
1026:
1005:
988:
868:
864:Brighamia rockii
842:
801:Agrius cingulata
699:
682:
678:Some species of
671:
640:
590:
573:
559:
545:
531:
517:
503:
479:Some species of
473:
466:
459:
447:, which was not
268:Hawaiian Islands
248:flowering plants
233:
224:
220:
211:
207:
198:
189:
180:
171:
49:
48:
32:
21:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3406:Trees of Hawaii
3376:
3375:
3354:
3341:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3302:
3292:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3262:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3115:
2992:Delissea fallax
2892:
2883:
2859:Cyanea undulata
2847:Cyanea truncata
2329:Cyanea hirtella
2295:Cyanea habenata
2153:Cyanea coriacea
2114:Cyanea calycina
1937:and goose-like
1883:C. stictophylla
1852:
1843:
1788:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1736:Clermontioideae
1610:(Hillebr.) Rock
1523:(Hillebr.) Rock
1352:
1343:
1204:
1195:
1188:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1080:Lobelia grayana
1049:Lobelia villosa
961:, the fruit of
909:
903:
894:
810:hand-pollinated
750:
736:
727:
718:
709:
695:
677:
627:
618:
609:
600:
586:
565:
537:
509:
361:
246:are a group of
218:
205:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3315:
3314:
3305:|journal=
3271:
3260:
3229:(174): 13–45.
3210:
3155:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3074:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3044:
3032:
3021:
3010:
2999:
2988:
2923:is similar to
2891:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2828:
2817:
2814:(Cham.) A.Gray
2809:Cyanea superba
2805:
2789:
2777:
2763:
2748:
2733:
2721:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2675:
2664:
2653:
2646:Cyanea profuga
2642:
2634:Cyanea procera
2630:
2619:
2603:
2591:
2580:
2567:
2556:
2545:
2533:
2522:Cyanea marksii
2518:
2502:
2501:(Lānaʻi, Maui)
2490:
2476:
2465:
2453:
2442:
2427:
2416:
2405:
2400:(new name for
2389:
2378:
2367:
2355:
2340:Cyanea horrida
2336:
2325:
2314:
2302:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2256:
2245:
2236:Cyanea fauriei
2232:
2231:(Lānaʻi, Maui)
2229:(Rock) Lammers
2221:
2210:
2198:
2187:
2176:
2164:
2149:
2133:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2080:
2073:Cyanea arborea
2069:
2041:
2021:
1919:mintless mints
1887:C. leptostegia
1851:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1786:Hāhāʻaiakamanu
1772:
1769:Kona Districts
1754:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1651:
1636:
1617:
1602:
1586:
1567:
1550:
1538:
1515:
1497:
1479:
1431:Rat damage on
1351:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1325:
1286:
1265:
1234:wind-dispersed
1226:Trematolobelia
1203:
1201:Trematolobelia
1198:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1174:
1163:
1151:
1135:
1132:(Rock) Lammers
1123:
1098:
1087:
1076:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1019:
998:
959:Trematolobelia
905:Main article:
902:
897:
891:
890:
860:
808:are sometimes
749:
744:
733:
732:
729:
728:
724:
723:
720:
719:
715:
714:
711:
710:
706:
705:
702:
701:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
674:
669:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
643:
638:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
619:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
593:
592:
588:Trematolobelia
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
562:
557:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
534:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
506:
501:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
487:Rhynchopetalum
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
457:
417:Trematolobelia
375:, and one for
369:Trematolobelia
360:
357:
326:Trematolobelia
300:Trematolobelia
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:Trematolobelia
226:
213:
200:
191:
182:
173:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
147:Informal group
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3418:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3340:0-8248-1152-6
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3297:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:Royal Society
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:D. parviflora
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2714:Cyanea scabra
2711:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2623:Cyanea pohaku
2620:
2617:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2584:Cyanea pilosa
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2560:Cyanea obtusa
2557:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2506:Cyanea mannii
2503:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2458:
2457:Cyanea lobata
2454:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2318:Cyanea hardyi
2315:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2271:Cyanea glabra
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2168:Cyanea crispa
2165:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2126:Cyanea comata
2123:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1910:metamorphosis
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1167:Lobelia remyi
1164:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
991:
986:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
901:
898:
896:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
866:
865:
861:
858:
854:
850:
845:
840:
839:
835:
834:
833:
832:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
754:
748:
745:
743:
741:
731:
730:
722:
721:
713:
712:
704:
703:
700:
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
681:
673:
672:
666:
665:
662:
661:
658:
656:
655:
650:
649:
642:
641:
635:
634:
631:
630:
622:
621:
613:
612:
604:
603:
595:
594:
591:
589:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
572:
568:
561:
560:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
544:
540:
533:
532:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
516:
512:
505:
504:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
488:
484:
483:
475:
474:
468:
467:
461:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Campanulaceae
253:
249:
245:
232:
231:
227:
223:
222:
214:
210:
209:
201:
197:
196:
192:
188:
187:
183:
179:
178:
174:
170:
169:
165:
162:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:Campanulaceae
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3386:Lobelioideae
3360:
3356:
3322:
3296:cite journal
3274:
3263:
3226:
3174:
3168:
3158:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3113:
3099:
3087:
3076:
3065:
3046:
3034:
3023:
3012:
3001:
2990:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2961:World War II
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2888:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2819:
2807:
2791:
2779:
2765:
2759:
2750:
2744:
2735:
2723:
2712:
2700:
2690:Cyanea recta
2688:
2685:(east Maui†)
2677:
2666:
2655:
2644:
2632:
2629:(east Maui†)
2621:
2615:
2605:
2593:
2582:
2569:
2558:
2547:
2535:
2520:
2504:
2492:
2478:
2475:(east Maui†)
2467:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2429:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2380:
2369:
2357:
2351:
2348:& Hosaka
2338:
2327:
2316:
2304:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2258:
2249:Cyanea fissa
2247:
2234:
2223:
2212:
2209:- Molokaʻi†)
2200:
2189:
2178:
2166:
2151:
2144:(east Maui,
2135:
2132:(east Maui†)
2124:
2112:
2100:
2082:
2079:(east Maui†)
2071:
2043:
2023:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1913:nettle-less
1905:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1858:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1791:
1785:
1774:
1756:
1751:ʻŌhā wai nui
1750:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1653:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1588:
1581:(Kohala and
1578:
1569:
1563:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1499:
1493:
1481:
1468:ʻŌhā wai nui
1467:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1348:
1341:
1327:
1305:
1302:) A. Zahlbr.
1288:
1278:
1267:
1250:
1244:
1241:Trematobelia
1240:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1215:Mount Kaʻala
1210:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1176:
1165:
1153:
1137:
1125:
1111:
1100:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1057:& Hosaka
1047:
1037:
1021:
1000:
982:
973:
969:
968:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
939:paraphyletic
930:
929:
915:
899:
892:
874:
862:
848:
836:
828:
827:
826:
813:
805:
799:
793:
789:
783:
763:
762:
756:
746:
739:
737:
696:
694:
679:
676:
652:
646:
645:
587:
585:
570:
566:
564:
542:
538:
536:
514:
510:
508:
486:
480:
478:
449:monophyletic
444:
440:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
392:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
362:
325:
321:
319:
313:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
275:
260:Lobelioideae
258:, subfamily
243:
241:
228:
216:
203:
193:
184:
175:
166:
152:
146:
140:Lobelioideae
103:
90:
77:
64:
29:
2933:D. undulata
2852:(Rock) Rock
2804:on Hawaiʻi)
2771:(Hillebr.)
2720:(west Maui)
2652:(Molokaʻi†)
2641:(Molokaʻi†)
2544:(east Maui)
2354:(east Maui)
1976:Species of
1771:on Hawaiʻi)
1762:(Gaudich.)
1729:(east Maui)
1585:on Hawaiʻi)
1549:(west Maui)
1537:on Hawaiʻi)
1324:, Hawaiʻi†)
951:Revolutella
935:ornamentals
814:B. insignis
776:pollination
648:Sclerotheca
543:Revolutella
433:Revolutella
387:. Based on
221:Revolutella
136:Subfamily:
84:Angiosperms
3380:Categories
3181:: 407–16.
3120:References
3031:(Hawaiʻi†)
2998:(Hawaiʻi†)
2864:C.N.Forbes
2800:(Kona and
2762:(Molokaʻi)
2747:(Molokaʻi)
2674:(Hawaiʻi†)
2650:C.N.Forbes
2576:C.N.Forbes
2532:, Hawaiʻi)
2517:(Molokaʻi)
2515:) Hillebr.
2266:(Hawaiʻi†)
2161:) Hillebr.
2054:) Hillebr.
2034:) Hillebr.
1946:C. arborea
1767:(Kaʻū and
1722:F.B.Forbes
1681:(Molokaʻi)
1527:ʻŌhā kēpau
1452:Clermontia
1441:Clermontia
1433:Clermontia
1418:Clermontia
1410:, such as
1404:Clermontia
1390:Clermontia
1385:Clermontia
1377:Clermontia
1349:Clermontia
1075:(Molokaʻi)
943:Galeatella
920:Puʻu Kukui
697:Clermontia
571:Galeatella
441:Clermontia
425:Galeatella
377:Clermontia
371:, one for
337:feral pigs
276:Clermontia
252:bellflower
208:Galeatella
177:Clermontia
3227:PhytoKeys
2937:D. fallax
2866:(Kauaʻi†)
2842:(Hawaiʻi)
2732:(Hawaiʻi)
2709:(Kauaʻi†)
2697:(Kauaʻi†)
2618:(Hawaiʻi)
2590:(Hawaiʻi)
2579:(Kauaʻi†)
2452:(Kauaʻi†)
2404:) (Oʻahu)
2220:(Kauaʻi†)
2197:(Kauaʻi†)
2186:(Hawaiʻi)
2184:F. Wimmer
2090:H.St.John
1960:areas of
1954:C. pohaku
1950:C. comata
1836:(Hawaiʻi)
1812:(Hawaiʻi)
1422:epiphytic
1335:H.St.John
1144:H.St.John
1055:H.St.John
1033:A. Heller
955:Brighamia
924:West Maui
870:H.St.John
829:Brighamia
806:Brighamia
790:Brighamia
768:succulent
764:Brighamia
747:Brighamia
515:Brighamia
453:cladogram
435:formed a
413:Brighamia
373:Brighamia
353:epiphytic
341:herbivory
333:ungulates
304:Brighamia
282:or small
272:radiation
168:Brighamia
120:Asterales
54:Kingdom:
3327:Honolulu
3255:33746531
3205:18854299
3177:(1656).
3094:Gaudich.
3082:Hillebr.
3073:(Oʻahu†)
3054:Gaudich.
3043:(Kauaʻi)
3029:Hillebr.
3020:(Oʻahu†)
3009:(Kauaʻi)
2996:Hillebr.
2968:Delissea
2945:Delissea
2921:Delissea
2910:Delissea
2889:Delissea
2840:ʻAkūʻakū
2827:(Kauaʻi)
2825:A.Heller
2776:(Kauaʻi)
2773:A.Heller
2760:Pua kala
2756:Hillebr.
2741:Hillebr.
2718:Hillebr.
2639:Hillebr.
2616:ʻAkūʻakū
2499:Hillebr.
2441:(Kauaʻi)
2439:Hāhā lua
2424:Gaudich.
2413:Hillebr.
2388:(Kauaʻi)
2377:(Kauaʻi)
2364:Gaudich.
2352:Hāhā nui
2335:(Kauaʻi)
2324:(Kauaʻi)
2301:(Kauaʻi)
2288:Gaudich.
2255:(Kauaʻi)
2244:(Kauaʻi)
2173:Gaudich.
2163:(Kauaʻi)
2130:Hillebr.
2077:Hillebr.
2058:Molokaʻi
2056:(Oʻahu,
2032:Gaudich.
1931:moa-nalo
1927:browsing
1834:ʻŌhā wai
1822:ʻŌhā wai
1810:ʻŌhā wai
1764:A.Heller
1734:section
1727:ʻŌhā wai
1709:ʻŌhā wai
1705:Gaudich.
1694:ʻŌhā wai
1679:ʻŌhā wai
1675:Hillebr.
1664:ʻŌhā wai
1660:Gaudich.
1648:ʻŌhā wai
1644:Hillebr.
1629:ʻŌhā wai
1614:ʻŌhā wai
1599:ʻŌhā wai
1579:ʻŌhā wai
1564:ʻŌhā wai
1547:ʻŌhā wai
1512:ʻŌhā wai
1507:Gaudich.
1494:ʻŌhā wai
1464:F.Wimmer
1450:section
1314:Molokaʻi
1186:Pānaunau
1182:Hillebr.
1173:(Oʻahu†)
1118:, Maui,
1107:Hillebr.
1084:F.Wimmer
1059:(Kauaʻi)
1016:Molokaʻi
879:Molokaʻi
875:Pua ʻAla
780:hawkmoth
654:Apetahia
511:Delissea
409:Delissea
385:Delissea
359:Taxonomy
335:such as
292:Delissea
254:family,
217:Lobelia
204:Lobelia
195:Delissea
126:Family:
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
18:Delissea
3246:7954781
3196:2664350
3150:2445804
3108:(Oʻahu)
3106:Lammers
3096:(Oʻahu)
3071:Hillebr
3018:Lammers
2972:species
2959:during
2854:(Oʻahu)
2816:(Oʻahu)
2788:(Oʻahu)
2663:(Oʻahu)
2627:Lammers
2602:(Oʻahu)
2566:(Maui†)
2555:(Oʻahu)
2513:Brigham
2489:(Oʻahu)
2426:(Oʻahu)
2366:(Oʻahu)
2344:(Rock)
2278:(Maui†)
2175:(Oʻahu)
2146:Hawaiʻi
2121:(Oʻahu)
2119:Lammers
2001:species
1986:Hawaiʻi
1962:leeward
1915:nettles
1711:(Oʻahu)
1583:Hāmākua
1476:Hawaiʻi
1445:species
1398:corolla
1338:(Oʻahu)
1262:Hawaiʻi
1245:species
1230:Lobelia
1162:(Oʻahu)
1148:Niʻihau
1134:(Oʻahu)
1120:Hawaiʻi
1053:(Rock)
974:species
970:Lobelia
963:Lobelia
931:Lobelia
907:Lobelia
900:Lobelia
857:Niʻihau
831:species
772:flowers
740:Lobelia
567:Lobelia
539:Lobelia
482:Lobelia
429:Lobelia
421:Lobelia
393:Lobelia
365:Lobelia
322:Lobelia
296:Lobelia
266:to the
264:endemic
250:in the
116:Order:
58:Plantae
3357:Cyanea
3337:
3253:
3243:
3203:
3193:
3148:
3041:H.Mann
2957:Berlin
2949:Cyanea
2929:Cyanea
2925:Cyanea
2914:Cyanea
2876:A.Gray
2836:A.Gray
2786:Hosaka
2745:Pōpolo
2707:(Rock)
2588:A.Gray
2462:H.Mann
2435:A.Gray
2415:(Maui)
2346:O.Deg.
2159:A.Gray
2109:(Maui)
2095:Kauaʻi
2062:Lānaʻi
2016:(east
1997:Cyanea
1990:Cyanea
1982:Cyanea
1978:Cyanea
1970:Cyanea
1952:, and
1902:Cyanea
1894:Cyanea
1878:Cyanea
1849:Cyanea
1824:(Maui)
1472:Kohala
1392:, the
1381:Cyanea
1318:Lānaʻi
1306:Koliʻi
1298:&
1283:Kauaʻi
1279:Koliʻi
1116:Lānaʻi
1097:(Maui)
1086:(Maui)
1042:Kauaʻi
1029:A.Gray
949:, and
883:Lānaʻi
853:Kauaʻi
849:ʻŌlulu
844:A.Gray
680:Cyanea
569:sect.
541:sect.
485:sect.
445:Cyanea
431:sect.
427:, and
423:sect.
383:, and
381:Cyanea
288:Cyanea
280:shrubs
186:Cyanea
3284:(PDF)
3146:JSTOR
2912:from
2486:Wawra
2241:H.Lév
2052:Cham.
2038:Oʻahu
1958:mesic
1939:ducks
1935:geese
1781:H.Lév
1559:Meyen
1394:calyx
1310:Oʻahu
1296:Hook.
1219:Oʻahu
995:Oʻahu
922:bog,
918:from
437:clade
411:plus
345:latex
330:feral
284:trees
219:sect.
206:sect.
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
3335:ISBN
3309:help
3251:PMID
3201:PMID
2947:and
2939:and
2802:Kaʻū
2798:Rock
2730:Rock
2661:Rock
2553:Rock
2542:Rock
2530:Kona
2526:Rock
2450:Rock
2322:Rock
2311:Rock
2264:Rock
2207:Rock
2142:Rock
2066:Maui
2018:Maui
2013:Rock
1966:pigs
1832:* -
1820:* -
1808:* -
1798:Rock
1633:Hilo
1625:Rock
1595:Rock
1575:Rock
1545:* -
1535:Kaʻū
1533:and
1531:Puna
1489:Rock
1322:Maui
1300:Arn.
1274:Rock
1257:Rock
1171:Rock
1160:Rock
1095:Rock
1073:Rock
1038:Puʻe
1012:Maui
1007:Rock
990:A.DC
957:and
947:bogs
887:Maui
399:and
367:and
349:rats
324:and
298:and
290:and
242:The
3241:PMC
3231:doi
3191:PMC
3183:doi
3175:276
1320:†,
1316:†,
1213:on
885:†,
389:DNA
3382::
3367::
3363:.
3333:.
3329::
3325:.
3300::
3298:}}
3294:{{
3286:.
3249:.
3239:.
3225:.
3213:^
3199:.
3189:.
3173:.
3167:.
3142:83
3140:.
3104:*
3092:†
3051:*
3039:*
2874:*
2862:*
2850:*
2838:-
2812:*
2796:*
2784:*
2758:-
2743:-
2728:*
2705:*
2693:*
2637:*
2614:-
2610:*
2598:*
2540:*
2509:*
2497:*
2483:*
2460:*
2437:-
2396:*
2362:*
2350:-
2309:*
2286:*
2274:*
2205:*
2171:*
2140:*
2117:*
2105:*
2087:*
2064:,
2060:,
2048:*
2028:*
1968:,
1948:,
1917:,
1796:*
1784:-
1749:-
1725:-
1719:*
1707:-
1692:-
1677:-
1662:-
1658:*
1646:-
1627:-
1612:-
1597:-
1593:*
1577:-
1562:-
1525:-
1510:-
1504:†
1492:-
1486:*
1474:,
1466:-
1462:*
1424:.
1332:*
1312:,
1304:–
1277:–
1217:,
1184:-
1158:*
1142:*
1130:*
1110:–
1036:-
1031:)
1018:?)
1014:,
987:*
889:†)
881:,
873:–
867:*
859:†)
855:,
847:–
841:*
824:.
820:,
782:,
651:+
513:+
419:,
415:,
379:,
149::
106::
93::
80::
67::
3343:.
3311:)
3307:(
3290:.
3257:.
3233::
3207:.
3185::
3152:.
2916:.
2528:(
2511:(
2157:(
2148:)
2097:)
2093:(
2068:)
2050:(
2040:)
2036:(
2030:(
2020:)
1631:(
1529:(
1478:)
1470:(
1435:.
1308:(
1294:(
1285:)
1281:(
1264:)
1260:(
1221:.
1146:(
1122:)
1044:)
1040:(
1027:(
1010:(
997:)
993:(
926:.
877:(
851:(
20:)
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