95:
From a secular viewpoint, demonization can be used to denigrate an opposed individual or group, making adherents to one's own religion or viewpoint less inclined to do business with them (and possibly convert) and more inclined to fight against them. If foreigners are evil and corrupted by demonic
321:
The reverse is found in
Buddhist texts which similarly caricature Hindu sacred figures. According to Alf Hiltebeitel and other scholars, some of the stories in Buddha-related Jataka tales found in Pali texts seem slanderous distortions of Hindu legends, but these may reflect the ancient local
104:
is an example of this. If pagans are corrupted by the demon "god" Baal, then clearly they must be fought or at least oppressed. Especially in the earlier books of the Hebrew Bible, foreign deities are portrayed as existing and corrupting entities rather than being mere powerless
160:
The view of early
Judaism treating foreign deities as devils and later Judaism treating them as nonexistent is not universal. Psalms 96:5, for example, is alternately translated as, "For all the Gods of the gentiles are nothing," "For all the Gods of the gentiles are devils"
191:
easily accepts foreign gods in general, and in times of conflict, a foreign nation's gods would sometimes be portrayed as evil. Less commonly, it would be applied to other religions as well. For example, Buddha's portrayal in
Hinduism varies: Some strains of
184:
edition of the Bible. The "devils" epithet would still appear in Bibles up until the end of the 20th century when the consensus reverted to the original Hebrew text for modern translations.
92:, and other religions have similar histories. Demonization is not limited to focusing on other religions but can also be directed inward to condemn various schools of thought or movements.
69:
Religions, even those that are radically monotheistic, do not necessarily deny the existence of other gods or spiritual beings. On the contrary, they claim some of the other
114:
564:
526:
499:
472:
96:
influence, then any means of self-defense is easily portrayed as legitimate. The portrayal of almost all pagans in the Middle East as
590:
61:
ones. The term has since been expanded to refer to any characterization of individuals, groups, or political bodies as evil.
445:
297:
150:
201:
358:"And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and
216:
Demonization is sometimes used against what are arguably political opponents rather than religious ones. The
261:
73:
are not worthy of worship and in actuality are demons who mislead followers from proper belief or practice.
146:
292:
585:
225:
142:
522:
495:
468:
489:
462:
287:
277:
173:
translation of that passage, used by the early
Christian Church, used the "devils" version.
408:
translated into
English", Psalm 95:5, translated by Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, 1851.
449:
217:
558:
346:
282:
265:
233:
197:
322:
traditions and the complexities of early interaction between the two Indian religions.
579:
553:
110:
302:
208:, he is portrayed as an avatar born to mislead those who deny the Vedic knowledge.
101:
77:
74:
58:
541:
516:
341:, and break in pieces their pillars, and ye shall cut down their groves, and the
253:
248:
In colloquial usage, the term "demonization" is used metaphorically to refer to
442:
418:
405:
257:
249:
188:
170:
54:
38:
229:
122:
17:
177:
would follow the Greek text rather than the Hebrew when he translated the
342:
221:
193:
126:
106:
50:
377:
145:. Later, the language of demonization would be invoked with the rise in
568:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 363.
205:
187:
Analogs to demonization exist outside monotheistic religions, as well.
181:
162:
154:
130:
118:
85:
542:" Pentacles and Pentagrams", Religious Tolerance, Retrieved 6 May 2007
363:
359:
174:
27:
Characterization of individuals, groups, or political bodies as evil
464:
The
Buddhist Viṣṇu: Religious Transformation, Politics, and Culture
338:
237:
178:
138:
134:
89:
81:
70:
46:
166:
109:. Some would argue this later transferred to Christianity after
97:
42:
557:
256:
directed against any individual or group, for the purpose of
521:. State University of New York Press. pp. 64–68.
232:, may have been used because of the likeness of this
165:), and "For all the gods of the peoples are idols."(
117:. Some of the most known of these demonizations are
80:
often employed demonization tactics when converting
220:were destroyed by accusations that they worshipped
419:"The Edict of Expulsion of the Jews - 1492 Spain"
518:The Ritual of Battle: Krishna in the Mahabharata
8:
443:Cambridge University Hindu Cultural Society
400:
398:
345:of their gods ye shall burn with fire."
488:Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006).
467:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 18–21.
330:
314:
7:
236:deity with the Christian images of
129:up to the extent that they became
25:
228:. Baphomet, often thought to be
204:while in some texts such as the
362:, with the edge of the sword."
1:
378:"Demons in the Old Testament"
115:suppression of Roman paganism
298:Idealization and devaluation
151:Expulsion of Jews from Spain
461:John Clifford Holt (2008).
37:is the reinterpretation of
607:
376:Bratcher, Dennis (2006).
515:Alf Hiltebeitel (1990).
494:. Infobase. p. 96.
491:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
423:www.sephardicstudies.org
337:"Ye shall destroy their
565:Encyclopædia Britannica
448:3 February 2008 at the
262:character assassination
147:Antisemitism in Iberia
591:Sociology of religion
202:incarnation of Vishnu
309:Notes and references
293:Demonizing the enemy
113:'s ascension in its
212:Political conflicts
143:Abrahamic religions
100:worshippers in the
53:, generally by the
528:978-0-7914-0250-4
501:978-0-8160-7564-5
474:978-81-208-3269-5
149:, leading to the
16:(Redirected from
598:
570:
569:
561:
559:"Baphomet"
550:
544:
539:
533:
532:
512:
506:
505:
485:
479:
478:
458:
452:
440:
434:
433:
431:
429:
415:
409:
402:
393:
392:
390:
388:
382:www.crivoice.org
373:
367:
356:
350:
335:
323:
319:
288:Delegitimization
278:Black propaganda
21:
606:
605:
601:
600:
599:
597:
596:
595:
576:
575:
574:
573:
552:
551:
547:
540:
536:
529:
514:
513:
509:
502:
487:
486:
482:
475:
460:
459:
455:
450:Wayback Machine
441:
437:
427:
425:
417:
416:
412:
403:
396:
386:
384:
375:
374:
370:
357:
353:
336:
332:
327:
326:
320:
316:
311:
274:
246:
226:Philip the Fair
218:Knights Templar
214:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
604:
602:
594:
593:
588:
578:
577:
572:
571:
556:, ed. (1911).
554:Chisholm, Hugh
545:
534:
527:
507:
500:
480:
473:
453:
435:
410:
394:
368:
351:
329:
328:
325:
324:
313:
312:
310:
307:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
283:Dehumanization
280:
273:
270:
266:dehumanization
245:
242:
213:
210:
153:including the
66:
63:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
603:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
581:
567:
566:
560:
555:
549:
546:
543:
538:
535:
530:
524:
520:
519:
511:
508:
503:
497:
493:
492:
484:
481:
476:
470:
466:
465:
457:
454:
451:
447:
444:
439:
436:
424:
420:
414:
411:
407:
401:
399:
395:
383:
379:
372:
369:
365:
361:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:graven images
340:
334:
331:
318:
315:
308:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
196:consider the
195:
190:
185:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Constantine I
108:
103:
99:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
64:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
563:
548:
537:
517:
510:
490:
483:
463:
456:
438:
426:. Retrieved
422:
413:
385:. Retrieved
381:
371:
354:
333:
317:
303:Scapegoating
247:
244:Modern usage
215:
186:
169:) The Greek
159:
102:Hebrew Bible
94:
78:missionaries
68:
59:henotheistic
55:monotheistic
39:polytheistic
35:demonisation
34:
31:Demonization
30:
29:
18:Demonisation
404:"The Greek
254:moral panic
84:, although
41:deities as
586:Demonology
580:Categories
406:Septuagint
258:defamation
250:propaganda
224:from King
189:Polytheism
171:Septuagint
131:synonymous
428:2 January
387:2 January
230:Beelzebub
133:with the
123:Beelzebub
75:Christian
51:religions
49:by other
446:Archived
272:See also
222:Baphomet
194:Hinduism
155:Moriscos
127:Baphomet
65:Religion
45:, lying
264:and/or
206:Puranas
182:Vulgate
163:Vulgate
119:Lucifer
86:Judaism
525:
498:
471:
364:Joshua
347:Exodus
339:altars
234:horned
198:Buddha
175:Jerome
82:pagans
47:demons
349:34:13
238:Satan
179:Latin
139:satan
135:devil
107:idols
90:Islam
523:ISBN
496:ISBN
469:ISBN
430:2023
389:2023
366:6:21
167:NRSV
125:and
98:Baal
71:gods
57:and
43:evil
360:ass
252:or
200:an
141:of
33:or
582::
562:.
421:.
397:^
380:.
268:.
260:,
240:.
157:.
121:,
88:,
531:.
504:.
477:.
432:.
391:.
161:(
137:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.