581:
610:
620:. Here three identical alkyl groups attached to carbon atoms 2, 3, and 3. The numbers are included in the name to avoid ambiguity about the position of the groups, and "tri" indicates that there are three identical methyl groups. If one of the methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom were instead an ethyl group, then the name would be 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane. When there are different alkyl groups, they are listed in alphabetical order.
1017:
972:
926:
883:
31:
1738:"Alkyl" was coined without fanfare by Johannes Wislicenus, professor at Würzburg; an early use (perhaps not the first) is in his 1882 article . The word was derived from the first three letters of "Alkoholradicale" combined with the suffix -yl; it was (and is) a generic term for any of those radicals who bear the "first names" methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, etc.
39:
603:. This name is, however, ambiguous, as the methyl branch could be on various carbon atoms. Thus, the name is 3-methylpentane to avoid ambiguity: The 3- is because the methyl is attached to the third of the five carbon atoms.
599:(highlighted blue). The methyl "substituent" or "group" is highlighted red. According to the usual rules of nomenclature, alkyl groups are included in the name of the molecule before the root, as in
1507:
Mallavadhani UV, Sahoo L, Kumar KP, Murty US (2013). "Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some novel chalcones and flavanones substituted with higher alkyl chains".
1461:
1432:
606:
If there is more than one of the same alkyl group attached to a chain, then the prefixes are used on the alkyl groups to indicate multiples (i.e., di, tri, tetra, etc.)
218:
Usually, alkyl groups are attached to other atoms or groups of atoms. Free alkyls occur as neutral radicals, as anions, or as cations. The cations are called
1795:
2714:
2719:
1413:
407:
1710:
Amyl radicals ("amilène" was coined by
Auguste Cahours in 1840, to designate a substance from potato starch after fermentation and distillation
1731:
1703:
1675:
1647:
623:
In addition, each position on an alkyl chain can be described according to how many other carbon atoms are attached to it. The terms
230:
have no special name. Such species are usually encountered only as transient intermediates. However, persistent alkyl radicals with
1494:
1788:
1372:
145:
1750:
Wisclicenus, Johannes (1882). "Ueber die Schätzung von
Haftenenergien der Halogene und des Natriums an organischen Resten".
2618:
1368:
389:, e.g. cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl. The formula of alkyl radicals are the same as alkyl groups, except the free valence "
1682:
The methyl radical ... named from Greek roots, by Dumas and
Peligot in 1834: methyl = methy + hyle ("spirit" + "wood")
2191:
1781:
1352:
148:
are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example,
66:
is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of
2228:
2701:
155:
In chemistry, alkyl is a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fragments. For example,
2601:
617:
239:
2747:
2742:
2708:
2596:
156:
2677:
2122:
116:, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is
238:
and alkyl anions are observed in the presence of strong bases. Alkyl radicals can be generated by a
1983:
1376:
1364:
191:
1654:
Ethyl radicals (named by Liebig in 1833 from the Greek and German word "aether" plus Greek "hyle"
1524:
663:
569:
The prefixes taken from IUPAC nomenclature are used to name branched chained structures by their
259:
243:
195:
113:
591:
is viewed as consisting of two parts. First, five atoms comprise the longest straight chain of
2667:
2637:
2395:
2017:
1727:
1699:
1671:
1643:
1620:
1602:
1563:
636:
271:
247:
47:
2372:
1866:
1804:
1759:
1610:
1594:
1555:
1516:
1475:
1446:
674:
628:
580:
251:
149:
92:
2591:
2350:
2345:
2328:
2311:
2112:
1861:
1379:
in or before 1882, based on the German word "Alkoholradikale" and then-common suffix -yl.
1351:
in 1833 from the German word "Äther" (which in turn had been derived from the Greek word "
632:
588:
574:
1491:
1016:
234:"from seconds to years" have been prepared. Typically alkyl cations are generated using
2662:
2657:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2316:
2283:
2067:
2049:
2039:
1615:
1582:
971:
624:
394:
393:" is replaced by the dot "•" and adding "radical" to the name of the alkyl group (e.g.
925:
609:
2736:
2682:
2630:
2561:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2417:
2367:
2362:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2117:
2072:
2034:
2022:
1993:
1871:
1356:
600:
199:
1471:
1442:
882:
2613:
2500:
2495:
2472:
2223:
2062:
1988:
1925:
1920:
1898:
1854:
1839:
1829:
1543:
1528:
689:
655:
639:
refer to a carbon attached to one, two, three, or four other carbons respectively.
533:
523:
513:
227:
138:
is the addition of alkyl groups to molecules, often by alkylating agents such as
2672:
2625:
2586:
2467:
2355:
2340:
2335:
2323:
1888:
1883:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1812:
1598:
1466:
1437:
1408:
722:
570:
528:
518:
306:
219:
88:
1583:"Generation of Alkyl Radicals: From the Tyranny of Tin to the Photon Democracy"
2581:
2572:
2452:
2407:
2303:
2268:
2258:
2198:
2134:
2057:
2005:
1520:
139:
135:
30:
1763:
1606:
1567:
1470:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1441:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
2548:
2462:
2427:
2412:
2400:
2243:
2218:
2027:
1479:
1450:
235:
231:
223:
203:
1624:
159:
have the empirical formula Li(alkyl), where alkyl = methyl, ethyl, etc. A
2556:
2510:
2477:
2173:
2079:
1953:
1908:
1893:
207:
59:
1559:
202:. This strategy has been used to increase the antimicrobial activity of
152:
are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons.
2518:
2442:
2293:
2288:
2253:
2238:
2233:
2203:
2186:
2010:
1937:
1903:
596:
17:
2606:
2538:
2382:
2091:
2084:
1978:
1959:
1948:
1932:
1878:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1348:
759:
592:
357:
323:
293:
255:
117:
55:
1773:
38:
2487:
2457:
2390:
2248:
2213:
2208:
2181:
2129:
2096:
2000:
1824:
372:), and so on. Alkyl groups that contain one ring have the formula
340:
164:
1915:
1403:
1360:
1777:
1724:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1696:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1668:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1640:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
608:
579:
27:
Chemical group derived from alkanes (one hydrogen removed)
112:. Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In
1347:
The first named alkyl radical was ethyl, named so by
2650:
2570:
2547:
2509:
2486:
2381:
2302:
2172:
2149:
2105:
2048:
1971:
1946:
1811:
1363:), meaning "matter". This was followed by methyl (
595:centers. The parent five-carbon compound is named
1581:Crespi, Stefano; Fagnoni, Maurizio (2020-09-09).
1355:" meaning "air", for the substance now known as
1542:Griller, David; Ingold, Keith U. (1976-01-01).
274:. The simplest series have the general formula
194:, the incorporation of alkyl chains into some
1789:
1371:in 1834, meaning "spirit of wood") and amyl (
1300:3-methylbutan-2-yl (or (1,2-Dimethylpropyl))
8:
1262:pentan-3-yl (also known as (1-Ethylpropyl))
1121:2-methylbutan-2-yl (aka 1,1-dimethylpropyl)
1375:in 1840). The word alkyl was introduced by
167:with two alkyl groups, e.g., diethyl ether
2169:
1968:
1796:
1782:
1774:
1614:
1497:2016-05-21 at the Portuguese Web Archive
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1026:
1001:
997:
959:
955:
951:
913:
909:
905:
870:
866:
862:
858:
837:
820:
816:
786:
782:
778:
753:
736:
732:
716:
699:
683:
647:
641:
412:
399:
381:
375:
368:
364:
351:
347:
334:
330:
317:
313:
300:
283:
277:
178:
174:
170:
123:
104:
98:
75:
69:
37:
29:
1425:
1414:IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
1490:Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry
1544:"Persistent carbon-centered radicals"
91:by removal of a hydrogen atom from a
7:
406:The naming convention is taken from
214:Alkyl cations, anions, and radicals
1467:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1438:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
246:. Alkyls are commonly observed in
25:
1232:pentan-2-yl(or (1-Methylbutyl))
1015:
970:
924:
881:
146:Alkylating antineoplastic agents
1:
1548:Accounts of Chemical Research
1509:Medicinal Chemistry Research
254:. Simple alkyls (especially
95:and has the general formula
1599:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278
2764:
1359:) and the Greek word ύλη (
616:This compound is known as
2691:
1521:10.1007/s00044-013-0876-x
1023:
834:
750:
1764:10.1002/jlac.18822120107
1726:. Springer. p. 62.
1698:. Springer. p. 62.
1670:. Springer. p. 62.
1642:. Springer. p. 62.
1492:Naming Organic Compounds
222:. The anions are called
2702:chemical classification
1480:10.1351/goldbook.C01498
1451:10.1351/goldbook.A00228
416:Number of carbon atoms
1184:No longer recommended
1149:No longer recommended
1118:No longer recommended
618:2,3,3-trimethylpentane
613:
584:
258:) are observed in the
240:photochemical reaction
186:In medicinal chemistry
157:alkyl lithium reagents
43:
35:
2709:chemical nomenclature
671:Preferred IUPAC name
612:
583:
41:
33:
1722:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1694:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1666:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1638:Rocke, Alan (2012).
573:groups, for example
226:. The neutral alkyl
2165:not C, H or O)
1560:10.1021/ar50097a003
1377:Johannes Wislicenus
1159:isopentyl, isoamyl
1152:2,2-dimethylpropyl
192:medicinal chemistry
120:, with the formula
114:structural formulae
2607:Hypervalent iodine
614:
585:
408:IUPAC nomenclature
270:Alkyl groups form
260:interstellar space
244:homolytic cleavage
196:chemical compounds
87:is derived from a
44:
36:
2730:
2729:
2668:Sulfenyl chloride
2646:
2645:
2145:
2144:
1964:(only C, H and O)
1805:Functional groups
1733:978-3-642-27415-2
1705:978-3-642-27415-2
1677:978-3-642-27415-2
1649:978-3-642-27415-2
1593:(17): 9790–9833.
1472:cycloalkyl groups
1340:
1339:
1276:-isoamyl, siamyl
664:Condensed formula
587:The structure of
566:
565:
291:. Alkyls include
272:homologous series
252:organic compounds
248:mass spectrometry
150:nitrogen mustards
48:organic chemistry
16:(Redirected from
2755:
2697:
2602:Trifluoromethoxy
2170:
2166:
1969:
1965:
1818:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1587:Chemical Reviews
1578:
1572:
1571:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1515:(6): 2900–2908.
1504:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1459:
1453:
1430:
1329:
1295:
1257:
1227:
1181:
1146:
1115:
1070:
1029:
1019:
1004:
974:
962:
928:
916:
885:
873:
840:
823:
789:
756:
739:
719:
702:
686:
675:Skeletal formula
652:
642:
413:
402:
392:
388:
371:
354:
337:
320:
303:
290:
198:increases their
181:
131:Related concepts
126:
111:
85:cycloalkyl group
82:
21:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2695:
2687:
2642:
2597:Trichloromethyl
2592:Trifluoromethyl
2566:
2543:
2505:
2482:
2377:
2346:Phosphine oxide
2298:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2141:
2101:
2044:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1772:
1771:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1460:
1456:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1385:
1373:Auguste Cahours
1345:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1028:
1024:
1003:
999:
995:
961:
957:
953:
949:
921:2-methylpropyl
915:
911:
907:
903:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
839:
835:
822:
818:
814:
788:
784:
780:
776:
755:
751:
738:
734:
730:
718:
714:
701:
697:
685:
681:
651:
645:
589:3-methylpentane
575:3-methylpentane
568:
401:
397:
390:
387:
379:
373:
370:
366:
362:
353:
349:
345:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
311:
302:
298:
289:
281:
275:
268:
216:
188:
180:
176:
172:
168:
133:
125:
121:
110:
102:
96:
81:
73:
67:
34:Isopropyl group
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2683:Sulfinylamines
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Phosphoramides
2660:
2658:Isothiocyanate
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2534:Selenenic acid
2531:
2529:Seleninic acid
2526:
2524:Selenonic acid
2521:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:Phosphodiester
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2163:(one element,
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2040:Methylenedioxy
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1821:
1819:
1817:(only C and H)
1809:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1742:
1732:
1714:
1704:
1686:
1676:
1658:
1648:
1630:
1573:
1534:
1499:
1483:
1454:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:2-methylbutyl
1332:
1330:
1310:
1308:
1307:active pentyl
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1208:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:3-methylbutyl
1185:
1182:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1096:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1047:
1036:
1035:-pentyl, amyl
1030:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1005:
993:
983:
976:
975:
968:
965:
963:
947:
937:
930:
929:
922:
919:
917:
901:
891:
887:
886:
879:
876:
874:
854:
847:
841:
832:
831:
829:
826:
824:
812:
802:
798:
797:
795:
792:
790:
774:
767:
757:
748:
747:
745:
742:
740:
728:
725:
720:
711:
710:
708:
705:
703:
695:
692:
687:
678:
677:
672:
669:
666:
661:
658:
653:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
507:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
395:methyl radical
267:
264:
215:
212:
187:
184:
132:
129:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2760:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2562:Telluroketone
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Sulfonic acid
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Sulfinic acid
2436:
2434:
2433:Thiosulfonate
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Thiosulfinate
2421:
2419:
2418:Sulfenic acid
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2373:Phosphaallene
2371:
2369:
2368:Phosphaalkyne
2366:
2364:
2363:Phosphaalkene
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2148:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Ethylenedioxy
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:diethyl ether
1354:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
994:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:
973:
969:
966:
964:
948:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
927:
923:
920:
918:
902:
899:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
880:
877:
875:
855:
852:
848:
845:
842:
833:
830:
827:
825:
813:
810:
806:
803:
800:
799:
796:
793:
791:
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
749:
746:
743:
741:
729:
726:
724:
721:
713:
712:
709:
706:
704:
696:
693:
691:
688:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
668:IUPAC status
667:
665:
662:
659:
657:
654:
650:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
611:
607:
604:
602:
601:methylpentane
598:
594:
590:
582:
578:
576:
572:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
411:
409:
404:
396:
385:
378:
360:
359:
343:
342:
326:
325:
309:
308:
296:
295:
287:
280:
273:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:free radicals
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:lipophilicity
197:
193:
185:
183:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
141:
140:alkyl halides
137:
130:
128:
119:
115:
108:
101:
94:
90:
86:
79:
72:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
32:
19:
2748:Substituents
2743:Alkyl groups
2707:
2700:
2614:Vinyl halide
2571:
2501:Borinic acid
2496:Boronic acid
2473:Thioxanthate
1813:Hydrocarbons
1755:
1751:
1745:
1737:
1723:
1717:
1709:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1639:
1633:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1554:(1): 13–19.
1551:
1547:
1537:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1486:
1465:
1457:
1443:alkyl groups
1436:
1428:
1346:
1273:
1272:-isopentyl,
1269:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1046:-Pe, Pe, Am
1043:
1039:
1032:
1009:
989:
985:
979:
943:
939:
933:
897:
893:
850:
843:
808:
804:
770:
763:
656:Trivial name
648:
622:
615:
605:
586:
567:
405:
383:
376:
356:
339:
322:
305:
292:
285:
278:
269:
266:Nomenclature
220:carbocations
217:
189:
163:ether is an
160:
154:
144:
134:
106:
99:
84:
77:
70:
63:
58:missing one
51:
45:
42:Methyl group
2678:Thiocyanate
2673:Sulfonamide
2638:Perchlorate
2626:Acyl halide
2587:Fluoroethyl
2468:Thionoester
2356:Phosphonium
2341:Phosphinate
2336:Phosphonous
2324:Phosphonate
2023:Hydroperoxy
1845:Cyclopropyl
1758:: 239–250.
1409:Hydrocarbon
571:substituent
562:Tetradecyl
510:Group name
89:cycloalkane
62:. The term
52:alkyl group
2737:Categories
2582:Haloalkane
2453:Thioketone
2408:Persulfide
2304:Phosphorus
2269:Isocyanate
2259:Isonitrile
2160:or oxygen
2158:hydrogen,
2154:not being
2135:Orthoester
2028:Dioxiranes
2006:Enol ether
1894:1-Propenyl
1420:References
1128:neopentyl
801:isopropyl
637:quaternary
505:tetradec-
236:superacids
232:half-lives
224:carbanions
204:flavanones
136:Alkylation
2715:inorganic
2549:Tellurium
2463:Thioester
2428:Sulfoxide
2413:Disulfide
2401:Sulfonium
2351:Phosphine
2329:Phosphite
2312:Phosphate
2244:Carbamate
2219:Hydrazone
2152:element,
2150:Only one
2123:Anhydride
1862:Methylene
1752:Ann. Chem
1607:0009-2665
1568:0001-4842
1343:Etymology
1239:3-pentyl
890:isobutyl
828:2-propyl
629:secondary
559:Tridecyl
262:as well.
208:chalcones
2696:See also
2631:Chloride
2557:Tellurol
2511:Selenium
2478:Xanthate
2192:Ammonium
2174:Nitrogen
2156:carbon,
2113:Carboxyl
2080:Aldehyde
2068:Acryloyl
2050:carbonyl
1954:hydrogen
1909:Cumulene
1625:32786419
1495:Archived
1383:See also
1287:)−CH(−CH
1207:-Pe, Pe
1197:-pentyl
1095:-Pe, Pe
1085:-pentyl
1038:Pe, Am,
992:-Bu, Bu
967:2-butyl
946:-Bu, Bu
900:-Bu, Bu
853:-Bu, Bu
769:Pr, Pr,
766:-propyl
633:tertiary
556:Dodecyl
553:Undecyl
502:tridec-
60:hydrogen
2720:organic
2519:Selenol
2443:Sulfone
2396:Sulfide
2294:NONOate
2289:Nitroso
2279:Nitrite
2274:Nitrate
2264:Cyanate
2254:Nitrile
2239:Amidine
2234:Imidate
2204:Nitrene
2199:Hydrazo
2187:Enamine
2118:Acetoxy
2106:carboxy
2073:Benzoyl
2011:Epoxide
1994:Methoxy
1984:Alcohol
1938:Carbene
1872:Methine
1616:8009483
1529:5159000
1369:Peligot
1317:−CH(−CH
1283:−CH(−CH
1245:−CH(−CH
1211:−CH(−CH
1173:−CH(−CH
1075:pentyl
1012:-butyl
982:-butyl
950:−CH(−CH
936:-butyl
908:−CH(−CH
846:-butyl
815:−CH(−CH
811:-Pr,Pr
794:propyl
707:methyl
660:Symbol
625:primary
597:pentane
541:Heptyl
499:dodec-
496:undec-
463:Prefix
161:dialkyl
18:Dodecyl
2619:Iodide
2539:Selone
2383:Sulfur
2092:Ketone
2085:Ketene
2063:Acetyl
2018:Peroxy
1989:Alkoxy
1979:Acetal
1960:oxygen
1949:carbon
1933:Alkyne
1926:Benzyl
1921:Phenyl
1904:Allene
1899:Crotyl
1879:Alkene
1867:Bridge
1855:Pentyl
1840:Propyl
1830:Methyl
1730:
1702:
1674:
1646:
1623:
1613:
1605:
1566:
1527:
1399:Alkyne
1394:Alkene
1389:Alkane
1353:aither
1349:Liebig
1138:−C(−CH
1099:−C(−CH
996:−C(−CH
878:butyl
760:propyl
744:ethyl
690:methyl
635:, and
593:carbon
550:Decyl
547:Nonyl
544:Octyl
538:Hexyl
534:Pentyl
524:Propyl
514:Methyl
484:hept-
478:pent-
472:prop-
466:meth-
358:pentyl
324:propyl
294:methyl
256:methyl
242:or by
118:methyl
56:alkane
54:is an
2651:Other
2488:Boron
2458:Thial
2391:Thiol
2284:Nitro
2249:Imide
2229:Amide
2214:Oxime
2209:Imine
2182:Amine
2130:Ester
2097:Ynone
2001:Ether
1972:R-O-R
1947:Only
1889:Allyl
1884:Vinyl
1850:Butyl
1835:Ethyl
1825:Alkyl
1525:S2CID
1462:IUPAC
1433:IUPAC
1365:Dumas
723:ethyl
529:Butyl
519:Ethyl
493:dec-
490:non-
487:oct-
481:hex-
475:but-
469:eth-
341:butyl
307:ethyl
165:ether
64:alkyl
50:, an
2573:Halo
2058:Acyl
1958:and
1916:Aryl
1728:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1621:PMID
1603:ISSN
1564:ISSN
1404:Aryl
1367:and
1361:hyle
1321:)−CH
1279:Sia
1215:)−CH
1203:Pe,
1091:Pe,
1083:tert
1042:Pe,
1010:tert
988:Bu,
980:tert
954:)−CH
942:Bu,
896:Bu,
849:Bu,
807:Pr,
773:-Pr
206:and
169:O(CH
93:ring
83:. A
2224:Azo
1760:doi
1756:212
1611:PMC
1595:doi
1591:120
1556:doi
1517:doi
1476:doi
1474:".
1447:doi
1445:".
1325:−CH
1313:−CH
1274:sec
1270:sec
1249:−CH
1223:−CH
1219:−CH
1195:sec
1169:−CH
1165:−CH
1134:−CH
1111:−CH
1107:−CH
1066:−CH
1062:−CH
1058:−CH
1054:−CH
1050:−CH
958:−CH
934:sec
904:−CH
869:−CH
865:−CH
861:−CH
857:−CH
785:−CH
781:−CH
777:−CH
735:−CH
731:−CH
727:Et
698:−CH
694:Ме
458:14
455:13
452:12
449:11
446:10
403:).
398:•CH
355:),
338:),
321:),
304:),
299:−CH
297:, (
250:of
190:In
142:.
122:−CH
46:In
2739::
1956:,
1951:,
1754:.
1736:.
1708:.
1680:.
1652:.
1619:.
1609:.
1601:.
1589:.
1585:.
1562:.
1550:.
1546:.
1523:.
1513:23
1511:.
1464:,
1435:,
762:,
631:,
627:,
577::
443:9
440:8
437:7
434:6
431:5
428:4
425:3
422:2
419:1
410::
386:−1
374:−C
369:11
363:−C
346:−C
329:−C
312:−C
288:+1
276:−C
210:.
182:.
173:CH
127:.
109:−1
97:−C
80:+1
68:−C
1797:e
1790:t
1783:v
1766:.
1762::
1627:.
1597::
1570:.
1558::
1552:9
1531:.
1519::
1478::
1449::
1327:3
1323:2
1319:3
1315:2
1293:2
1291:)
1289:3
1285:3
1255:2
1253:)
1251:3
1247:2
1225:3
1221:2
1217:2
1213:3
1205:s
1201:s
1179:2
1177:)
1175:3
1171:2
1167:2
1144:3
1142:)
1140:3
1136:2
1113:3
1109:2
1105:2
1103:)
1101:3
1093:t
1089:t
1068:3
1064:2
1060:2
1056:2
1052:2
1044:n
1040:n
1033:n
1027:5
1025:С
1002:3
1000:)
998:3
990:t
986:t
960:3
956:2
952:3
944:s
940:s
914:2
912:)
910:3
906:2
898:i
894:i
871:3
867:2
863:2
859:2
851:n
844:n
838:4
836:С
821:2
819:)
817:3
809:i
805:i
787:3
783:2
779:2
771:n
764:n
754:3
752:С
737:3
733:2
717:2
715:С
700:3
684:1
682:С
649:n
646:C
400:3
391:−
384:n
382:2
380:H
377:n
367:H
365:5
361:(
352:9
350:H
348:4
344:(
335:7
333:H
331:3
327:(
318:5
316:H
314:2
310:(
301:3
286:n
284:2
282:H
279:n
179:2
177:)
175:3
171:2
124:3
107:n
105:2
103:H
100:n
78:n
76:2
74:H
71:n
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
