971:
47:
402:
31:
990:
617:
2432:
410:
514:
This theory states that when the game spread to Jewish communities unfamiliar with
Yiddish, the denotations of the Hebrew letters were not understood. As a result, there arose Jewish traditions to explain their assumed meaning. However, in Judaism there are often multiple explanations developed for
943:
Dreidel is now a spoof competitive sport in North
America. Major League Dreidel (MLD), founded in New York City in 2007, hosts dreidel tournaments during the holiday of Hanukkah. In MLD tournaments the player with the longest time of spin (TOS) is the winner. MLD is played on a Spinagogue, the
997:
Antique dreidels are of increasing value and interest: different styles of dreidels are to be found across the world. Exemplars include dreidels fashioned in wood, silver, brass and lead. One particularly rare dreidel is cast from an ivory original by
412:
413:
845:) is facing up, the player adds one of their game pieces to the pot (sometimes accompanied by the chant "shin, shin, put one in"). In some game versions, the player adds three game pieces to the pot, one for each stem of the letter
902:(all). Similarly, the Hebrew letters on a dreidel may be taken as a mnemonic for the game rules in Yiddish. Occasionally, in the United States, the Hebrew letters on the dreidel form an English-language mnemonic about the rules:
953:
published a story on
Dreidel Renaissance reporting on the rising popularity of the dreidel. Dreidel games that have come out on the market since 2007 include No Limit Texas Dreidel, a cross between traditional dreidel and
414:
752:
Some rabbis ascribe symbolic significance to the markings on the dreidel. One commentary, for example, connects the four letters with the four nations to which the House of Judah was historically subject—
1025:
The
Guinness World Record for Most Valuable Dreidel was achieved by Estate Diamond Jewelry in November 2019 and was valued at $ 70,000. The design of Estate Diamond Jewelry's dreidel was inspired by the
944:
official spinning stadium of Major League
Dreidel. Pamskee was the 2007 MLD Champion. Virtual Dreidel was the 2008 MLD Champion. In 2009, Major League Dreidel launched a game version of the Spinagogue.
935:
Robert
Feinerman has shown that the game of dreidel is unfair, in that the first player to spin has a better expected outcome than the second player, and the second better than the third, and so on.
1877:
794:
To start the game, every participant puts one game piece into the center "pot". Every player also puts one piece into the pot when the pot is empty or there is only one game piece in the pot.
2275:
830:) is facing up, the player gets half of the pieces in the pot. If there are an odd number of pieces in the pot, the player takes half the pot rounded up to the nearest whole number. If
797:
Each player spins the dreidel once during their turn. Depending on which side is facing up when it stops spinning, the player whose turn it is gives or takes game pieces from the pot:
1616:
979:
1772:
1474:
411:
363:, "a great miracle happened here and there" or "a great miracle happened everywhere"). Twenty-sided dreidels are unique as they are not spinning tops but twenty-sided
1185:
970:
2045:
1987:
1147:
435:
The teetotum was inscribed with letters denoting the Latin words for "nothing", "everything", "half", and "put in". In German this came to be called a
1873:
1247:
1331:
46:
1305:
1225:
2013:
1742:
1721:
1375:
443:, with German letters for the same concepts. Adapted to the Hebrew alphabet when Jews adopted the game, these letters were replaced by
2347:
2100:
1608:
1592:
1129:
983:
95:
2058:
1768:
525:, "a great miracle happened there"), an idea that became attached to dreidels when the game entered into Hanukkah festivities.
978:
Childhood enjoyment of dreidels has led to a growing interest in collecting them in adulthood. Jewish institutions such as the
1470:
2566:
1182:
986:
in New York, house dreidel collections, as do museums such as the
Spinning Top and Yo-Yo Museum in Burlington, Wisconsin.
1546:
1500:
2626:
2581:
2126:
1969:
932:, where n is the number of game pieces each player begins with. The implied constant depends on the number of players.
2499:
305:
2561:
2376:
1905:
1582:
1269:
2040:
786:
Each player begins with an equal number of game pieces (usually 10–15). The game pieces can be any object, such as
2646:
1447:
42:, with Israel specific lettering on blue dreidels (נ ג ה פ) and diaspora lettering on orange dreidels (נ ג ה ש)
2586:
2327:
1030:
in New York. Previous holders of the title were Chabad of South Palm Beach with a dreidel valued at $ 14,000.
2240:
1202:
2621:
2254:
1040:
528:
According to a tradition first documented in 1890, the game was developed by Jews who illegally studied the
113:
2641:
2631:
2545:
2338:
2093:
137:
2636:
2294:
1852:
1323:
1056:
584:; from the Semetic root s-b-b, meaning 'to rotate') in modern Israel and the letters were altered, with
353:
and not in Israel. As a result, five-sided dreidels were invented in 2022 to represent the Hebrew phase
1826:
1797:
1351:
1221:
926:
Thomas
Robinson and Sujith Vijay have shown that the expected number of spins in a game of dreidel is
2651:
2412:
2247:
2233:
1412:
1297:
949:
684:
35:
1746:
772:
reading yields the number 358, identical to the value of the four letters used to spell "Moshiach" (
2494:
2462:
590:
350:
320:
2576:
2488:
2354:
2320:
2313:
2288:
1713:
1695:
1660:
774:
680:
390:
670:
401:
2472:
2268:
2086:
1588:
1243:
1027:
955:
712:
the local historian A. V. Altyntsev utilised several other appellations of a dreidel, such as
39:
1386:
858:
If the player is out of pieces, they are either "out" or may ask another player for a "loan".
2571:
2440:
2281:
2141:
2072:
1687:
1650:
104:
69:
1165:
834:
is facing up and only one piece is in the pot, the player can either take the piece or not.
432:, which was popular around Christmas time and dates back to ancient Greek and Roman times.
2596:
2591:
2540:
2530:
2457:
2182:
2062:
1189:
1003:
761:
577:
533:
128:
1133:
2055:
1525:
1203:"Practicing Judaism in space - Jewish astronauts reflect upon their time in outer space"
2535:
2407:
2392:
2217:
2156:
1046:
928:
787:
701:
676:
346:
291:
152:
962:
company called ModernTribe. Other new dreidel games include
Staccabees and Maccabees.
422:
The dreidel developed from an Irish or
English top introduced into Germany known as a
2615:
2431:
2402:
2304:
2226:
2192:
2151:
1664:
1105:
1051:
565:
497:
222:
168:
2525:
1691:
989:
765:
665:
537:
445:
183:
148:
1148:"Treasure Trove: David Matlow explains the significance of a rare 5-sided dreidel"
393:
spun a dreidel made by Israeli silversmith Gideon Hay for an hour in outer space.
30:
1951:
2417:
2261:
1520:
Altyntsev A. V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan",
1018:; they are black in colour decorated with silver markings, made by an intricate
999:
541:
481:
209:
511:, "put in"). The letters served as a means to recalling the rules of the game.
2520:
2515:
2207:
2202:
1655:
1638:
1542:
1496:
1902:"Oh Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel: A favorite holiday pastime takes center table"
697: – "to spin"), in his poems, but it was not adopted into spoken Hebrew.
2467:
2172:
1076:
1019:
1007:
753:
709:
24:
1901:
1874:"Battle of the Bees: Two games put a new spin on traditional dreidel game"
1265:
515:
words. A popular conjecture had it that the letters abbreviated the words
2371:
2109:
2051:
Computer program that plays the dreidel game (with full Java source code)
1352:"Our Favorite Hanukkah Toy Was Actually a Non-Jewish Irish Gambling Game"
1222:"Our Favorite Hanukkah Toy Was Actually a Non-Jewish Irish Gambling Game"
867:
863:
769:
705:
426:
386:), spinning the dreidel is a traditional game played during the holiday.
231:
160:
156:
616:
2177:
1699:
1567:
1081:
959:
625:
561:
450:
371:
227:
20:
2397:
2050:
1443:
1011:
757:
653:
383:
338:
164:
2078:
2197:
2187:
1526:"Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана".
988:
969:
615:
544:
would be concealed and be replaced by dreidels. The variant names
529:
465:
408:
400:
196:
45:
29:
1988:"New York City jewelers create the world's most valuable dreidel"
862:
These rules are comparable to the rules for a classic four-sided
1015:
364:
174:
Each side of the dreidel bears a letter of the Hebrew alphabet:
2082:
1926:
1793:
308:. For this reason, most dreidels in Israel replace the letter
87:
1848:
1818:
974:
The world's most valuable dreidel, valued at $ 70,000 in 2019
230:
as a mnemonic for the rules of a gambling game derived from
81:
2067:
2014:"Chabad Lubavitch Brooklyn New York NY World Headquarters"
2276:
Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah
532:
in seclusion as they hid, sometimes in caves, from the
349:
as well, because the reference to "there" means in the
819:) is facing up, the player gets everything in the pot.
304:, "a great miracle happened there"), referring to the
1819:"Judaica & Jewish Gifts for Modern Jewish Living"
118:
96:
1678:
Feinerman, Robert (1976). "An ancient unfair game".
980:
Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership
540:. At the first sign of Seleucids approaching, their
142:
84:
78:
75:
2554:
2508:
2481:
2450:
2439:
2385:
2364:
2337:
2303:
2216:
2165:
2134:
2125:
72:
1714:"No Gelt, No Glory: A Dreidel Champion Is Crowned"
568:. In the wake of Zionism, the dreidel was renamed
1528:Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 130: Комментарии.)
405:Ancient Middle Eastern top resembling a dreidel
1350:Common, Adiel lo/Wikimedia (9 December 2015).
2094:
638:
630:
554:
546:
502:
486:
470:
454:
281:
267:
253:
239:
8:
2075:(part of world's largest collection of dice)
1584:The complete idiot's guide to holiday crafts
658:
646:
595:
570:
516:
437:
376:
354:
324:
295:
1896:
1894:
896:
888:
880:
872:
424:
2447:
2131:
2101:
2087:
2079:
1524:. 2013. № 4 (66), p. 130. (Алтынцев А.В.,
1266:"The Weird Ancient History of the Dreidel"
1183:Brooklyn Man Wins Dreidel Spinning Contest
1654:
1345:
1343:
1341:
866:, where the letters A, D, N and T form a
382:are lighting candles and saying the full
159:. The dreidel is a Jewish variant on the
1637:Robinson, Thomas; Vijay, Sujith (2006).
1411:הירשוביץ, אברהם אליעזר בן איזיק (1918).
1317:
1315:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1259:
1257:
1010:in 1929. Rare collectible dreidels from
808:) is facing up, the player does nothing.
16:Four-sided spinning top used on Hanukkah
1324:"The Chanukah Dreidel and its Halachos"
1097:
1068:
2012:Lubavitch, Chabad (18 November 2015).
1322:Pfeffer, Rabbi Yehoshua (2015-12-07).
1298:"The Surprising Origin of the Dreidel"
1237:
1235:
560:(a little throw) were also current in
1477:from the original on 27 November 2015
1272:from the original on 19 December 2017
374:) for Hanukkah (the only traditional
7:
1385:. Yeshiva University. Archived from
1130:"The Dreidel: More Than Just a Game"
1043:" (A song sung when playing dreidel)
226:). These letters are represented in
1450:from the original on 7 January 2016
652:, meaning the same in German). The
596:
581:
517:
503:
487:
471:
455:
355:
325:
296:
294:, they represent the Hebrew phrase
290:, "put in"). However, according to
282:
268:
254:
240:
132:
108:
2348:The One with the Holiday Armadillo
14:
1904:. Forward.com. 17 November 2010.
1829:from the original on 7 April 2018
1767:Milberger, Michael (2009-12-12).
1745:. Moderntribe.com. Archived from
1680:The American Mathematical Monthly
1497:"Ben Yehuda organization: Bialik"
2430:
1334:from the original on 2017-12-22.
1308:from the original on 2017-12-13.
1250:from the original on 2017-12-22.
1228:from the original on 2017-12-15.
982:, Yeshiva University Museum and
744:, "entertaining piece", "toy").
675:("to turn") and was invented by
68:
1908:from the original on 2011-06-06
1880:from the original on 2012-09-27
1855:from the original on 2011-12-19
1800:from the original on 2011-12-08
1775:from the original on 2012-01-25
1724:from the original on 2012-01-06
1643:Advances in Applied Mathematics
1619:from the original on 2011-12-09
1549:from the original on 2008-05-16
1503:from the original on 2011-07-20
1692:10.1080/00029890.1976.11994192
1244:"Chanukah Customs and sources"
683:) when he was five years old.
1:
463:, "not", meaning "nothing"),
248:, "not", meaning "nothing"),
604:, "a great miracle happened
333:, "a great miracle happened
2500:Miracle of the cruse of oil
1876:. Jweekly.com. 2009-12-03.
870:for the rules of the game,
659:
639:
631:
571:
555:
547:
377:
356:נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה שָׁם פֹּה
323:), to represent the phrase
306:miracle of the cruse of oil
143:
119:
2668:
1769:"Dreidel Games Generation"
1639:"Dreidel Lasts O(n) spins"
914:or "N" for "nothing"; and
594:. This yields the reading
163:, a gambling toy found in
18:
2428:
2046:The Origin of the Dreidel
1656:10.1016/j.aam.2005.05.004
1430:הלכות חנוכה - נטעי גבריאל
850:
838:
823:
812:
801:
790:, pennies, raisins, etc.
314:
215:
202:
189:
176:
1794:"No Limit Texas Dreidel"
1152:The Canadian Jewish News
361:nes gadól hayáh sham poh
341:communities insist that
2255:I Have a Little Dreidel
2250:(Eat Fattened Animals)"
2241:Odecha Ki Tovot Gamalta
1581:LeBon, Marilee (2001).
1543:"Secret of the Dreidel"
1110:www.merriam-webster.com
1106:"Definition of DREIDEL"
1041:I Have a Little Dreidel
687:used a different word,
644:("to turn", compare to
234:played with a dreidel:
2546:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
2377:Latke–Hamantash Debate
1992:Guinness World Records
994:
993:Antique enamel dreidel
975:
910:or "G" for "get all";
897:
889:
881:
873:
647:
621:
597:נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה פֹּה
588:generally replaced by
518:נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה שָׁם
438:
425:
419:
406:
370:While not mandated (a
326:נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה פֹּה
297:נֵס גָּדוֹל הָיָה שָׁם
51:
43:
2295:The Hanukkah Sessions
1587:. Alpha. p. 73.
1568:"How to Play Dreidel"
1188:May 23, 2013, at the
1057:Jewish ceremonial art
992:
973:
619:
449:which stands for the
417:
404:
50:A variety of dreidels
49:
34:Dreidels for sale at
33:
2073:A Dreidel collection
1927:"The Dreidel Museum"
1796:. Texasdreidel.com.
1471:"What is a Dreidel?"
1469:Benjaminson, Chani.
1392:on December 20, 2017
950:Good Morning America
922:Analysis of the game
918:or "S" for "share".
685:Hayyim Nahman Bialik
636:comes from the word
479:, "entire, whole"),
302:nes gadól hayáh sham
262:, "entire, whole"),
238:stands for the word
151:, played during the
36:Mahane Yehuda Market
2627:Hanukkah traditions
2582:Campaigns of 163 BC
2495:The War of the Jews
2482:Historical accounts
2463:Temple in Jerusalem
2243:(I will Thank You)"
1956:adelaidejmuseum.org
1952:"Adelaide Dreidels"
1414:אוצר כל מנהגי ישרון
956:Texas Hold'em poker
906:or "H" for "half";
523:nes gadól hayá sham
351:Temple in Jerusalem
331:nes gadól hayáh poh
2489:Books of Maccabees
2355:A Rugrats Chanukah
2321:Full-Court Miracle
2314:Eight Crazy Nights
2289:Puppy for Hanukkah
2068:Types of Dreidels
2061:2016-03-04 at the
1771:. Abcnews.go.com.
1613:my Jewish Learning
1302:my Jewish Learning
1080:is also a term in
995:
976:
700:In the lexicon of
681:Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
622:
420:
407:
391:Jeffrey A. Hoffman
337:"); however, many
147:) is a four-sided
52:
44:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2473:Hasmonean Kingdom
2426:
2425:
2413:Mensch on a Bench
2328:The Hebrew Hammer
2269:The Chanukah Song
2147:Dreidel (Sevivon)
1931:dreidelmuseum.com
1499:. Benyehuda.org.
1296:Golinkin, David.
1264:Rosenberg, Anat.
1242:Rabinowitz, Dan.
1028:Chrysler Building
782:Rules of the game
602:nes gadól hayá po
415:
312:with the letter
141:
117:
40:Jerusalem, Israel
2659:
2647:Traditional toys
2448:
2434:
2282:Light One Candle
2142:Hanukkah menorah
2132:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1870:
1864:
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1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1815:
1809:
1808:
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1790:
1784:
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1780:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1739:
1733:
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1730:
1729:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1675:
1669:
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1658:
1634:
1628:
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1605:
1599:
1598:
1578:
1572:
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1564:
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1555:
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1538:
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1531:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1493:
1487:
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1466:
1460:
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1457:
1455:
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1434:
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1425:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
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1391:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1220:Kutzik, Jordan.
1217:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1192:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1166:"Diced dreidels"
1162:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1132:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1102:
1085:
1073:
958:, invented by a
900:
892:
884:
876:
852:
840:
825:
814:
803:
696:
695:
674:
673:
662:
650:
642:
634:
599:
598:
583:
574:
558:
550:
520:
519:
506:
505:
490:
489:
474:
473:
458:
457:
441:
430:
418:Dreidel in space
416:
380:
358:
357:
328:
327:
318:
316:
299:
298:
285:
284:
271:
270:
257:
256:
243:
242:
219:
217:
206:
204:
193:
191:
180:
178:
146:
136:
134:
122:
112:
110:
99:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
19:For elements of
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2550:
2504:
2477:
2458:Seleucid Empire
2442:
2435:
2422:
2381:
2360:
2333:
2299:
2248:Ichlu Mashmanim
2236:(These lights)"
2234:Haneirot Halalu
2229:(Rock of Ages)"
2212:
2183:Fritas de prasa
2161:
2121:
2119:
2107:
2063:Wayback Machine
2056:Dreidel Design
2037:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1970:"Murro Dreidel"
1968:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1541:Yaakov, Rabbi.
1540:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1378:
1376:"Dreidel Drama"
1374:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1339:
1321:
1320:
1313:
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1262:
1255:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1190:Wayback Machine
1181:
1177:
1170:Jewish Standard
1164:
1163:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1036:
1022:style process.
1004:Bezalel Academy
984:Temple Emanu-El
968:
941:
924:
894:(nothing), and
784:
762:Seleucid Empire
750:
722:khanuke-volchok
693:
692:
691:(from the root
669:
668:
664:comes from the
614:
495:, "half"), and
409:
399:
345:be used in the
313:
276:, "half"), and
214:
201:
188:
175:
97:
71:
67:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Gambling games
2614:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Beth Zechariah
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:Ma'aleh Levona
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
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2437:
2436:
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2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Hanukkah Harry
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Thanksgivukkah
2389:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
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2159:
2157:Public menorah
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
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2129:
2123:
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2118:
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2110:
2108:
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2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2041:Dreidel Wizard
2036:
2035:External links
2033:
2030:
2029:
2004:
1979:
1961:
1943:
1918:
1890:
1865:
1851:. Staccabees.
1840:
1810:
1785:
1759:
1734:
1705:
1686:(8): 623–625.
1670:
1629:
1600:
1593:
1573:
1559:
1545:. Ohr.org.il.
1533:
1522:Nauka Udmurtii
1513:
1488:
1461:
1435:
1432:. p. 306.
1428:צינר, גבריאל.
1420:
1403:
1367:
1337:
1311:
1283:
1253:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1175:
1157:
1139:
1136:on 2021-01-24.
1121:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1047:Hanukkah music
1044:
1035:
1032:
1014:are made from
967:
964:
940:
937:
923:
920:
860:
859:
856:
855:
854:
835:
820:
809:
795:
788:chocolate gelt
783:
780:
749:
746:
702:Ashkenazi Jews
677:Itamar Ben-Avi
620:Wooden dreidel
613:
610:
552:(destiny) and
398:
395:
347:Land of Israel
292:folk etymology
153:Jewish holiday
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2664:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Spinning tops
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Israeli games
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2598:
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2590:
2588:
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2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Hanukkah bush
2401:
2399:
2396:
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2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
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2363:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2339:In television
2336:
2330:
2329:
2325:
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2193:Noodle latkes
2191:
2189:
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2171:
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2039:
2038:
2034:
2019:
2018:lubavitch.com
2015:
2008:
2005:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
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1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1749:on 2010-03-01
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
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1662:
1657:
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1640:
1633:
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1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:"How to Play"
1604:
1601:
1596:
1594:9780028642000
1590:
1586:
1585:
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1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1417:. p. 57.
1416:
1415:
1407:
1404:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1344:
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1338:
1333:
1329:
1328:dinonline.org
1325:
1318:
1316:
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1303:
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1238:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1201:Dave Gordon.
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:. 2019-12-12.
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:. 2023-12-10.
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1135:
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1125:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Hanukkah gelt
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1033:
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1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
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723:
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635:
633:
627:
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611:
609:
607:
603:
593:
592:
587:
579:
575:
573:
567:
566:the Holocaust
563:
559:
557:
551:
549:
543:
542:Torah scrolls
539:
535:
531:
526:
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512:
510:
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172:
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169:Latin America
166:
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139:
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126:
121:
115:
106:
102:
101:
92:
65:
61:
57:
48:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2637:Jewish games
2326:
2319:
2312:
2146:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
2007:
1996:. Retrieved
1994:. 2019-12-19
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1882:. Retrieved
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1849:"Staccabees"
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1762:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1743:"Spinagogue"
1737:
1726:. Retrieved
1717:
1708:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1621:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1583:
1576:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1536:
1530:(in Russian)
1521:
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1438:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1406:
1396:December 19,
1394:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1382:
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1327:
1301:
1274:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1196:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1134:the original
1124:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1075:
1071:
1024:
996:
977:
948:
946:
942:
934:
927:
925:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
887:
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871:
861:
846:
842:
831:
827:
816:
805:
785:
773:
751:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
699:
688:
679:(the son of
666:Semitic root
657:
645:
637:
629:
623:
605:
601:
589:
585:
569:
553:
545:
538:Antiochus IV
527:
522:
513:
508:
504:שטעלן אַרײַן
496:
492:
480:
476:
464:
460:
444:
436:
434:
423:
421:
388:
375:
369:
360:
342:
334:
330:
309:
301:
287:
277:
273:
263:
259:
249:
245:
235:
221:
208:
195:
182:
173:
149:spinning top
124:
63:
59:
55:
53:
2652:Wooden toys
2418:Chrismukkah
2262:Oh Chanukah
1823:ModernTribe
1481:27 November
1454:27 November
1444:"Chanukkah"
1383:yutorah.org
1356:The Forward
1276:19 December
1000:Moshe Murro
966:Collections
939:Tournaments
509:shtel arayn
288:shtel arayn
283:שטעל אַרַײן
23:music, see
2616:Categories
2567:Beth Horon
2516:Mattathias
2441:Maccabean
2365:Activities
2227:Ma'oz Tzur
2203:Sufganiyah
2127:Traditions
2023:2020-01-20
1998:2020-01-20
1974:Worthpoint
1936:2 November
1912:2011-12-23
1884:2011-12-23
1859:2011-12-23
1804:2011-12-23
1779:2011-12-23
1753:2011-12-23
1728:2011-12-23
1623:2011-12-23
1553:2011-12-23
1507:2011-12-23
1361:2021-11-27
1115:2021-11-27
1092:References
740:(Russian:
720:, "top"),
716:(Russian:
389:Astronaut
123:, plural:
2491:(1 and 2)
2468:Maccabees
2173:Biscochos
1665:119157765
1649:: 85–94.
1207:Community
1077:Dreydlekh
1020:Bidriware
1008:Jerusalem
1002:from the
947:In 2009,
853:).
841: (
826: (
815: (
804: (
754:Babylonia
748:Symbolism
710:Tatarstan
612:Etymology
534:Seleucids
367:instead.
138:romanized
125:dreydlech
114:romanized
25:Dreydlekh
2577:Beth Zur
2541:Jonathan
2372:Festigal
2208:Buñuelos
2116:חֲנֻכָּה
2113:Hanukkah
2059:Archived
1906:Archived
1878:Archived
1853:Archived
1833:27 April
1827:Archived
1798:Archived
1773:Archived
1722:Archived
1617:Archived
1547:Archived
1501:Archived
1475:Archived
1448:Archived
1332:Archived
1306:Archived
1270:Archived
1248:Archived
1226:Archived
1186:Archived
1034:See also
878:(take),
868:mnemonic
864:teetotum
770:gematria
706:Udmurtia
564:, until
427:teetotum
232:teetotum
161:teetotum
157:Hanukkah
2555:Battles
2536:Eleazar
2178:Syrniki
2135:Symbols
1718:NPR.org
1700:2319887
1082:klezmer
960:Judaica
886:(put),
775:Messiah
742:забавка
738:zabavke
714:volchok
660:sevivon
626:Yiddish
572:sevivon
562:Yiddish
451:Yiddish
439:trendel
397:Origins
378:mitzvot
372:mitzvah
317:
228:Yiddish
218:
205:
192:
179:
144:sevivon
140::
116::
105:Yiddish
60:dreidle
58:, also
56:dreidel
21:Klezmer
2572:Emmaus
2509:People
2451:Events
2443:Revolt
2398:Hallel
1698:
1663:
1591:
1084:music.
1012:Cochin
882:depone
760:, the
758:Persia
718:волчок
689:kirkar
654:Hebrew
648:drehen
640:dreyen
632:dreydl
582:סביבון
578:Hebrew
536:under
384:hallel
339:Haredi
165:Europe
133:סביבון
129:Hebrew
120:dreydl
64:dreidl
2597:Elasa
2592:Adasa
2531:Judas
2526:Simon
2386:Other
2305:Films
2218:Music
2198:Sfenj
2188:Latke
2166:Foods
1696:JSTOR
1661:S2CID
1390:(PDF)
1379:(PDF)
1063:Notes
908:gimel
898:totum
890:nihil
874:aufer
817:gimel
734:dzihe
730:varfl
726:fargl
704:from
656:word
628:word
556:varfl
548:goyrl
530:Torah
488:האַלב
477:gants
472:גאַנץ
466:gimel
461:nisht
453:word
269:האַלב
260:gantz
255:גאַנץ
250:gimel
246:nisht
197:gimel
109:דרײדל
2521:John
2152:Gelt
1938:2020
1835:2018
1589:ISBN
1483:2015
1456:2015
1398:2017
1278:2017
1016:iron
929:O(n)
916:shin
847:shin
843:shin
768:. A
766:Rome
764:and
736:and
708:and
694:KRKR
624:The
608:").
606:here
586:shin
501:for
498:shin
493:halb
485:for
469:for
456:נישט
365:dice
343:shin
335:here
310:shin
280:for
278:shin
274:halb
266:for
252:for
241:נישט
223:shin
167:and
100:-dəl
98:DRAY
1688:doi
1651:doi
1006:in
912:nun
904:hei
837:If
832:hei
828:hei
822:If
811:If
806:nun
800:If
778:).
671:SBB
482:hei
446:nun
264:hei
236:nun
213:),
210:hei
200:),
187:),
184:nun
155:of
66:, (
62:or
38:in
2618::
2016:.
1990:.
1972:.
1954:.
1929:.
1893:^
1825:.
1821:.
1720:.
1716:.
1694:.
1684:83
1682:.
1659:.
1647:36
1645:.
1641:.
1615:.
1611:.
1473:.
1446:.
1381:.
1354:.
1340:^
1330:.
1326:.
1314:^
1304:.
1300:.
1286:^
1268:.
1256:^
1246:.
1234:^
1224:.
1205:.
1168:.
1150:.
1108:.
756:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
591:pe
580::
321:pe
171:.
135:,
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