726:(PEBC) (Quebec being the exception), practical experience through an apprenticeship/internship program, and fluency in French or English. International pharmacy graduates can begin their journey of becoming licensed to practice in Canada by enrolling with the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) Pharmacists' Gateway Canada. The vast majority (~70%) of Canada's licensed pharmacists work in community pharmacies, another 15% work in hospital, and the remainder work in other settings such as industry, government, or universities. Pharmacists' scope of practice varies widely among the 13 provinces and territories and continues to evolve with time. As a result of pharmacists' expanding scope and knowledge application, there has been a purposeful effort to transition the professional programs in Canadian pharmacy schools to offer doctors of pharmacy over baccalaureate curriculums to ensure graduates have the most up to date level of training to match the increasing practice requirements.
1053:, pharmacy practice is regulated by the national Pharmacy Board, which is also responsible for registration of pharmacists in the country. By international standards, the density of pharmacists is very low, with a mean of 0.18 per 10,000 population. The majority of pharmacists are found in urban areas, with some underserved regions having only 2 pharmacists per region. According to 2007–2009 data, the largest group of pharmacists was employed in the public sector (44%). Those working in private retail pharmacies were 23%, and the rest were mostly working for private wholesalers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, in academia/teaching, or with faith-based or non-governmental facilities. The salaries of pharmacists varied significantly depending on the place of work. Those who worked in the academia were the highest paid followed by those who worked in the multilateral non-governmental organizations. The public sector including public retail pharmacies and faith based organizations paid much less. The
875:(mgr farm). Not only pharmacists, but also pharmaceutical technicians are allowed to dispense prescription medicines, except for narcotics, psychotropics and very potent medicines. Pharmacists approve prescriptions fulfilled by pharmaceutical technicians subsequently. Pharmaceutical technicians have to complete 2 years of post-secondary occupational school and 2 years of pharmacy training afterwards. Pharmacists are eligible to prescribe medicines in exceptional circumstances. All Polish pharmacies are obliged to produce compound medicines. Most pharmacists in Poland are pharmacy managers and are responsible for pharmacy marketing in addition to traditional activities. To become a pharmacy manager in Poland, a pharmacist is expected to have at least 5 years of professional experience. All pharmacists in Poland have to maintain an adequate knowledge level by participating in various university- and industry-based courses and arrangements or by undergoing postgraduate specialization.
1545:
1779:
university for 5 years, successful students receive a bachelor's degree in pharmacy. Or they are university pharmacists (university pharmacist to discriminate between college pharmacist or vocational pharmacist in some countries of the world these trainee pharmacists are called pharmacist assistants). An alternative method of obtaining a bachelor's degree is as follows. School pupils study at a college of pharmacy or a vocational school of pharmacy. After attending the school or college they go to work in a pharmacy, and with two years of practice they could take an exam to enter university of pharmacy or the pharmacy department of a university of medicine and pharmacy. This exam is easier than the national one. Passing the exam they continue studying to gain 3-year bachelor's degrees or 4-year bachelor's degrees. This degree is considered equivalent to a 5-year bachelor's degree.
690:
examination on behalf of the
Pharmacy Board of Australia towards eligibility for registration. The Pharmacy Board of Australia conducts an oral examination at the end of the intern year as the last hurdle prior to registration. The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia provides continuing education programs for pharmacists. The number of full-time equivalent pharmacists working in Australia over the past decade has remained stable. Pharmacy practice is described by the practice standards and guidelines including those from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
1033:. To major in pharmaceutical studies takes at least five years. Students spend their last year as interns in a pharmacy combined with courses at the university, with focus on the validation of prescriptions and the manufacturing of pharmaceutical formulations. Since all public health professions are regulated by the government it is also necessary to acquire a federal diploma in order to work in a pharmacy. It is not unusual for pharmaceutical studies majors to work in other fields such as the pharmaceutical industry or in hospitals. Pharmacists work alongside
332:, aging but more knowledgeable and demanding populations, and deficiencies in other areas of the health care system seem to be driving increased demand for the clinical counseling skills of the pharmacist. One of the most important roles that pharmacists are currently taking on is one of pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care involves taking direct responsibility for patients and their disease states, medications, and management of each to improve outcomes. Pharmaceutical care has many benefits that may include but are not limited to: decreased
62:
472:
891:, and states that minimum educational requirements are five years of university studies in a pharmacy program, of which six months must be a pharmacy internship. To be admitted to pharmacy studies, students must complete a minimum of three years of gymnasium, similar to high school (school for about 15–20-year-old students) program in natural science after elementary school (6–16-year-olds). Only three universities in the whole of Sweden offer a pharmacy education,
1308:
guidelines. Once a school has enrolled students, but has not yet had a graduating class, they may be granted
Candidate status. The expectations of a Candidate program are that they continue to mature in accordance with stated plans. The graduates of a Candidate program are the same as those of fully accredited programs. Full accreditation is granted to a program once they have demonstrated they comply with the standards set forth by ACPE.
984:. The West African Post Graduate College of Pharmacy runs post-registration courses on advanced-level practice in various fields of pharmacy. It is a college jointly funded by a number of Countries in the West Africa sub-region. There are thousands of Nigerian-trained pharmacists registered and practicing in countries such as the US, the UK, Canada etc., due to the relatively poor public sector salaries in Nigeria.
4500:
1326:
1074:
After completion of the required pre-registration period, the graduate can then apply to the
Pharmacy Board to become a registered pharmacist. After working 1 calendar year as a registered pharmacist, the individual can become a registered, responsible pharmacist. Being a registered, responsible pharmacist allows the individual to license a pharmacy and be a pharmacist-in-charge.
460:
4145:
1499:). Previously the United States had a 5-year bachelor's degree in pharmacy. For BS Pharmacy graduates currently licensed in US, there are 10 Universities offering non-traditional doctorate degree programs via part-time, weekend or on-line programs. These are programs fully accredited by Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (
980:
Pharmacology, medicinal chemistry etc. Pharmacy
Graduates are required to undergo 1 year of Tutelage under the supervision of an already Registered Pharmacist(a preceptor) in a recognized and designated Institution before they can become Registered Pharmacists. The Profession is Regulated by a Government Statutory body called the
1719:
To qualify for an advanced practice pharmacist license in
California, the applicant must be in good standing with the State Board of pharmacy, have an active pharmacist license, and fulfill two of three requirements, including certification in their area clinical practice. The license must be renewed
1701:
California pharmacists can apply for
Advanced Practice Pharmacist (APh) licenses from the California State Board of Pharmacy. Senate Bill 493, written by Senator Ed Hernandez, established a section on the Advanced Practice Pharmacist and outlines the definition, scope of practice, qualifications, and
961:
As of 1997, 46 universities of pharmacy in Japan graduated about 8000 students annually. Contemporary practice of clinical pharmacists in Japan (as evaluated in
September 2000) focuses on dispensing of drugs, consultation with patients, supplying drug information, advising on prescription changes and
689:
The
Australian Pharmacy Council is the independent accreditation agency for Australian pharmacists. The accreditation standards for Australian pharmacy degrees include compulsory clinical placements. with an emphasis on encouraging rural experiences to develop a rural workforce. It conducts a written
1778:
School students must take a national exam to enter a university of pharmacy or the pharmacy department of a university of medicine and pharmacy. About 5–7% of students can pass the exam. There are 3 aspects to the exam. These are on math, chemistry, and physics or biology. After being trained at the
1231:
and the GPhC's "Standards of
Conduct, Ethics and Performance" document as reference sources). The student must achieve an overall mark of 70%, which must include at least 70% in the calculations section of the open-book paper. From June 2016, the assessment will involve two papers, as before but the
1004:
of
Pakistan and the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan revised the syllabus and changed the 4-year B.Pharmacy (Bachelor of Pharmacy) Program to a 5-year Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy) program. All 21 universities have started the 5-year Pharm.D Program. In 2011 the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan approved the
1526:
Residency is an option for post-graduates that is typically 1–2 years in length. A residency gives licensed pharmacists decades of clinical experience in an extremely condensed timeframe of only a few short years. In order for new graduates to remain competitive, employers generally favor residency
1223:
Completion of a 52-week preregistration training period. This is a period of paid or unpaid employment, in an approved hospital or community pharmacy under the supervision of a pharmacist tutor. During this time the student must collect evidence of having met certain competency standards set by the
974:
Training to become a registered pharmacist in Nigeria involves a five-year course after six years of secondary/high school or four years after eight years of secondary/high school (i.e. after 2 years of Advanced-level studies in accredited Universities). The degree awarded by most pharmacy schools
1510:
The current Pharm.D. degree curriculum is considerably different from that of the prior BS in pharmacy. It now includes extensive didactic clinical preparation, a full year of hands-on practice experience in a wider array of healthcare settings, and a greater emphasis on clinical pharmacy practice
1307:
pursuing accreditation must first apply and be granted Pre-candidate status. These schools have met all the requirements for accreditation, but have not yet enrolled any students. This status indicates that the school of pharmacy has developed its program in accordance with the ACPE standards and
1248:
In 2014 the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed that there were 297,100 American pharmacist jobs. By 2024 that number is projected to grow by 3%. The majority (65%) of those pharmacists work in retail settings, mostly as salaried employees but some as self-employed owners. About 22%
1073:
in St. Augustine offers a 4-year Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy as the sole practicing degree of pharmacy. Graduates undertake a 6-month internship, known as pre-registration, under the supervision of a registered pharmacist, at a pharmacy of their choosing, whether community or institutional.
697:
There is a shortage of pharmacists at present leaving many jobs unfilled. Despite many pharmacists leaving the profession, pharmacists remain optimistic about their profession. Contract and casual work is becoming more common. A contract pharmacist is self-employed and often called a locum; these
304:
Historically, the fundamental role of pharmacists as a healthcare practitioner was to check and distribute drugs to doctors for medication that had been prescribed to patients. In more modern times, pharmacists advise patients and health care providers on the selection, dosages, interactions, and
693:
The Australian Pharmacy Council is developing accreditation standards for pharmacists to prescribe and for pharmacists to work in aged care. The aged care accreditation standards are being developed in preparation for pharmacists working in residential aged care settings to ensure that they are
1311:
The customary review cycle for established accredited programs is six years, whereas for programs achieving their initial accreditation this cycle is two years. These are comprehensive on-site evaluations of the programs. Additional evaluations may be conducted at the discretion of ACPE in the
979:
has started the Pharm.D programme with other pharmacy schools planning to start soon. The Pharmacy Degree in Nigeria is unclassified i.e. awarded without first class, second class upper, etc., however graduates could be awarded Pass with Distinctions in specific fields such as Pharmaceutics,
1300:(one appointment). To obtain licensure in the United States, applicants for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) must graduate from an ACPE accredited school of pharmacy. ACPE publishes standards that schools of pharmacy must comply with to gain accreditation.
1276:(ACPE) has operated since 1932 as the accrediting body for schools of pharmacy in the United States. The mission of ACPE is "To assure and advance excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy". ACPE is recognized for the accreditation of professional degree programs by the
506:
or related institution, and/or satisfy other national/local credentialing requirements. In many contexts, students must first complete pre-professional (undergraduate) coursework, followed by about four years of professional academic studies to obtain a degree in pharmacy (such as
871:-year Master of Pharmacy Programme at medical university and obtain the right to practice as a pharmacist in Poland from District Pharmaceutical Council. The Programme includes 6 months of pharmacy training. The Polish name for the Master of Pharmacy Degree (M.Pharm.) is
511:). In the European Union, pharmacists are required to hold a Masters of Pharmacy, which allows them to practice in any other E.U. country, pending professional examinations and language tests in the country in which they want to practice. Pharmacists are educated in
671:(EML), the use of Standard Treatment Guidelines, drug information, clinical pharmacy, and medicine supply management. There are currently no laws requiring pharmacists to be registered, but all pharmacies must have a license to conduct business. According to a
844:
After the third state examination a person must become licensed as an RPh ("registered pharmacist") for a licence to practice pharmacy. Today, many pharmacists work as employees in public pharmacies. They will be paid according to the labour agreement of
1144:". Once qualified, a pharmacist independent prescriber can prescribe any licensed medicine for any medical condition within their competence. This includes controlled drugs except schedule 1 and prescribing certain drugs for the treatment of addiction (
1136:
in 1979 reported that there were nearly 3,000 pharmacists employed in the hospital and community health service in the UK at that time. They were enthusiastic about the idea that pharmacists might develop their role of giving advice to the public.
887:, the national board of health and welfare regulates the practice of all legislated health care professionals, and is also responsible for registration of pharmacists in the country. The education to become a licensed pharmacist is regulated by the
290:") and administering certain medications (e.g., immunizations) in some jurisdictions. Pharmacists may also practice in a variety of other settings, including industry, wholesaling, research, academia, formulary management, military, and government.
3378:
915:, who have completed studies equal to a Bachelor of Science in pharmacy, i.e., three years of university. Prescriptionists also have dispensing rights in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. The majority of the staff in a pharmacy are
567:, and compounding of medications. Additional curriculum may cover diagnosis with emphasis on laboratory tests, disease state management, therapeutics and prescribing (selecting the most appropriate medication for a given patient).
2063:
Skrabal, MZ; Kahaleh, AA; Nemire, RE; Boxer, H; Broshes, Z; Harris, M; Cardello, E (September–October 2006). "Preceptors' perspectives on benefits of precepting student pharmacists to students, preceptors, and the profession".
1215:
degree at a GPhC accredited university. Pharmacists holding degrees in pharmacy from overseas institutions are able to fulfill this stage by undertaking the Overseas Pharmacist Assessment Programme (OSPAP), which is a one-year
2534:
Jackson, John K; Liang, Jenifer; Page, Amy T (17 March 2021). "Analysis of the demographics and characteristics of the Australian pharmacist workforce 2013–2018: decreasing supply points to the need for a workforce strategy".
4149:
1523:. Arkansas, California, and Virginia have their own exams instead of the MPJE; in those states, pharmacists must pass the Arkansas Jurisprudence Exam, the California Jurisprudence Exam, or the Virginia Pharmacy Law Exam.
1527:
trained applicants for clinical positions. The profession is moving toward resident-trained pharmacists who wish to provide direct patient care clinical services. In 1990, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (
1232:
use of a calculator will now be allowed. However, reference sources will no longer be allowed in the assessment. Instead, relevant extracts of the British National Formulary will be provided within the assessment paper.
953:— were assigned status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.
3241:
The Role of the Pharmacist in the Health-Care System – Preparing the Future Pharmacist: Curricular Development, Report of a Third WHO Consultative Group on the Role of the Pharmacist, Vancouver, Canada, 27–29 August
282:, where they instruct and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of medically prescribed drugs and medicines. In most countries, the profession is subject to professional regulation. Depending on the legal
2680:
Mill, Deanna; Seubert, Liza; Lee, Kenneth; Page, Amy; Johnson, Jacinta; Salter, Sandra; Clifford, Rhonda; Murace, Emma; Fullerton, Fraser; Halliday, Matthew D.; Res, Altinka; D'Lima, Danielle (1 February 2023).
2482:
919:
or "pharmacy technicians" with a three -semester education at a vocational college. Pharmacy technicians do not have dispensing rights in Sweden but are allowed to advise on and sell over-the-counter medicines.
1382:
is four years of graduate school (accelerated Pharmacy Schools go January to January and are only 3 years), which include at least one year of practical experience. Graduates receive a Doctorate of Pharmacy
1535:
program may also elect to do a fellowship that is geared toward research. Fellowships can varying in length but last 1–3 years depending on the program and usually require 1 year of residency at minimum.
675:(WHO) report from 2010, there are 0.53 licensed pharmacists and 7.82 licensed pharmacies per 10,000 people in Armenia. Pharmacists are able to substitute for generic equivalents at point of dispensing.
1207:
The following criteria must be met for qualification as a pharmacist in the United Kingdom (the Northern Irish body and the GPhC operate separately but have broadly similar registration requirements):
2245:
Weant, Kyle A.; Armitstead, John A.; Ladha, Alim M.; Sasaki-Adams, Deanna; Hadar, Eldad J.; Ewend, Matthew G. (November 2009). "Cost effectiveness of a clinical pharmacist on a neurosurgical team".
1698:(PEP) to patients without a physician's prescription. In order to be eligible to dispense, a pharmacists must first "complete a training program approved by the" California State Board of Pharmacy.
746:
in a pharmacy which is open to the public or in a hospital, under the supervision of that hospital's pharmaceutical department". The training of pharmacist must include at least: "Plant and animal
2893:"Who would be a pharmacist? A national representative cross-sectional survey of pharmacists and students to explore personality traits and associations with job satisfaction and career outlook"
975:
is a Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree (B.Pharm.) However, in the near future, all schools will offer a 6-year first Degree course leading to the award of a Pharm.D (Doctor of Pharmacy Degree). The
3386:
3168:
Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications, Official Journal of the European Union, 30.9.2005
1544:
3343:
347:
Pharmacists are often the first point-of-contact for patients with health inquiries. Thus pharmacists have a significant role in assessing medication management in patients, and in
3884:"Business and Professions Code - BPC: DIVISION 2. HEALING ARTS [500 - 4999.129] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 399.), CHAPTER 9. Pharmacy [4000 - 4427.8]"
3835:
1395:
program. Due to the large admittance requirements and highly competitive nature of the field, most pharmacy students complete a bachelor's degree before entry to pharmacy school.
3721:
1485:
Besides taking classes, additional requirements before graduating may include a certain number of hours for community service, e.g., working in hospitals, clinics, and retail.
220:
Pharmacists undergo university or graduate-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential
1491:
A doctorate of pharmacy (except non-traditional, i.e. transferring a license from another country) is the only degree accepted by the National Associate of Boards of Pharmacy
344:
state management, including hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors; strong pharmacist–patient relationship; and decreased long-term costs of medical care.
309:
between a prescriber and a patient. Pharmacists monitor the health and progress of patients to ensure the safe and effective use of medication. Pharmacists may practice
2728:
Mill, Deanna; Page, Amy Theresa; Johnson, Jacinta; Lloyd, Renae; Salter, Sandra; Lee, Kenneth; Seubert, Liza; Clifford, Rhonda Marise; D'Lima, Danielle (26 June 2023).
2157:
1959:
1054:
2787:
Mill, Deanna; Johnson, Jacinta L; Corre, Lauren; Lee, Kenneth; D’Lima, Danielle; Clifford, Rhonda; Seubert, Liza; Salter, Sandra M; Page, Amy Theresa (15 July 2023).
1770:
noted that the median pharmacist salary was $ 128,710. The top 25 percent of pharmacist earners made $ 147,690 that year, while the lowest 25 percent made $ 112,690.
2838:"Factors influencing pharmacist interest and preparedness to work as on-site aged care pharmacists: insights from qualitative analysis of free-text survey responses"
2454:
Kirschbaum, Mark; Khalil, Hanan; Talyor, Selina; Page, Amy T. (2016). "Pharmacy students' rural career intentions: Perspectives on rural background and placements".
1133:
1069:, pharmacy practice is regulated by the Pharmacy Board of Trinidad and Tobago, which is responsible for the registration of pharmacists in the twin islands. The
4022:
1552:
American pharmacists can become certified in recognized specialty practice areas by passing an examination administered by one of several credentialing boards.
1201:
2337:
Snoswell, Centaine L.; Hollingworth, Samantha A. (27 July 2016). "Knowledge and attitudes of final year pharmacy students toward opioid substitution therapy".
742:, where Section 7 Article 44(2) mandates at least five years of training including "four years of full-time theoretical and practical training" and "six-month
1528:
1500:
1285:
1273:
2623:"Use of professional practice guidance resources in pharmacy: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of pharmacists, intern pharmacists, and pharmacy students"
1227:
A pass mark in the GPhC registration assessment (formally an exam). This includes a closed-book paper and an open-book/mental calculations paper (using the
313:; however, many medicines are now produced by pharmaceutical companies in a standard dosage and drug delivery form. In some jurisdictions, pharmacists have
1720:
every 2 years, and the APh applying for renewal must complete 10 hours of continuing education in at least one area relevant to their clinical practice.
1293:
1281:
1189:
684:
570:
Upon graduation, pharmacists are licensed, either nationally or regionally, to dispense medication of various types in the areas they have trained for.
1659:
As of 2016, all 50 states and the District of Columbia permit pharmacists to provide vaccination services, but specific protocols vary between states.
1017:
In Switzerland, the federal office of public health regulates pharmacy practice. Four Swiss universities offer a major in pharmaceutical studies, the
1264:) to enter into pharmacy practice. In addition, pharmacists are subject to state-level jurisprudence exams in order to practice from state to state.
4483:
4240:
3060:
2683:"Understanding influences on the use of professional practice guidelines by pharmacists: A qualitative application of the COM-B model of behaviour"
962:
amending prescriptions. These practices have been linked to decreases in the average number of drugs in prescriptions, drug costs and incidence of
442:
symptom assessment leading to medication provision and lifestyle advice for community-based health concerns (e.g. head colds, or smoking cessation)
502:
vary from country to country and between regions/localities within countries. In most countries, pharmacists must obtain a university degree at a
3085:
2206:"Impact of pharmacist care in the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials"
1284:(CHEA). Since 1975, ACPE has also been the accrediting body for continuing pharmacy education. The ACPE board of directors are appointed by the
1220:. On completion of the OSPAP, the candidate would proceed with the other stages of the registration process in the same manner as a UK student.
1001:
202:
1378:
Acceptance into a doctorate of pharmacy program depends upon completing specific prerequisites or obtaining a transferable bachelor's degree.
996:, the Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy) degree is a graduate-level professional doctorate degree. Twenty-one universities are registered with the
3593:
Accreditation standards and key elements for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree ("Standards 2016")
1277:
668:
2621:
Mill, Deanna; Johnson, Jacinta L.; Lee, Kenneth; Salter, Sandra M.; d'Lima, Danielle; Seubert, Liza; Clifford, Rhonda; Page, Amy T. (2021).
1503:) but only available to current BS Pharmacy graduates with a license to practice pharmacy. Some institutions still offer 6 year accelerated
1112:
and other health-related goods. Pharmacists can undertake additional training to allow them to prescribe medicines for specific conditions.
1057:
salary scale for medical doctors was considerably higher than that of pharmacists despite having a difference of only one year of training.
933:
In ancient Japan, the men who fulfilled roles similar to pharmacists were respected. The place of pharmacists in society was settled in the
1638:
698:
pharmacists may be hired for one shift or for a longer period of time. The number of pharmacists has stayed stable over a number of years.
1511:
pertaining to pharmacotherapy optimization. Legal requirements in the US to becoming a pharmacist include: graduating from an accredited
3491:
Accreditation Standards and Guidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree, GUIDELINES 2.0
3883:
2572:"Do pharmacy practice standards effectively describe behaviour? Reviewing practice standards using a behavioural specificity framework"
4180:
3729:
3355:
2570:
Mill, Deanna; Page, Amy; Johnson, Jacinta; Lee, Kenneth; Salter, Sandra M.; Seubert, Liza; Clifford, Rhonda; d'Lima, Danielle (2022).
1687:
The passage of Assembly Bill 1535 (2014) authorizes pharmacists in California to furnish naloxone without a physician's prescription.
1391:
and complete 90 credit hours of university coursework in the sciences, mathematics, composition, and humanities before entry into the
723:
1515:
program, conducting a specified number of internship hours under a licensed pharmacist (i.e. 1800 hours in some states), passing the
4104:
2188:
1954:
1365:
1141:
4044:
2380:
1037:, an apprenticeship that takes three years to complete. Pharmacists can further specialize in various fields; this is organized by
404:
education and counseling for patients and other health care providers on optimal use of medicines (e.g., proper use, avoidance of
4529:
4458:
2481:
Page, Amy T.; Hamilton, Sandy J.; Hall, Maeva; Fitzgerald, Kathryn; Warner, Wayne; Nattabi, Barbara; Thompson, Sandra C. (2016).
1289:
707:
322:
3467:
1712:
Participate in the evaluation and management of diseases and health conditions in collaboration with other health care providers
4478:
3111:
2427:
Kirschbaum, Mark; Khalil, Hanan; Page, Amy Theresa (2016). "Clinical placements by Australian university schools of pharmacy".
1548:
Clinical pharmacists go on rounds with doctors in order to provide direct patient care and comprehensive medication management.
1347:
1173:
981:
2161:
2405:
3036:
2039:
1974:
1557:
1297:
1070:
976:
381:
providing patients with health monitoring and advice, including advice and treatment of common ailments and disease states
3179:
573:
Some may undergo further specialized training, such as in cardiology or oncology or long-term care. Specialties include:
1488:
Estimated timeline: 4 years undergraduate + 4 years doctorate + 1–2 years residency + 1–3 years fellowship = 8–13 years
997:
213:
in order to dispense them safely to the public and to provide consultancy services. A pharmacist also often serves as a
3968:
3938:
3909:
907:. At pharmacies in Sweden, pharmacists work together with another class of legislated health care professionals called
4453:
4030:
2483:"Gaining a 'proper sense' of what happens out there: An 'Academic Bush Camp' to promote rural placements for students"
1856:
1343:
395:
358:
assessment of patients with undiagnosed or diagnosed conditions, and ascertaining clinical medication management needs
2789:"Use of a reference text by pharmacists, intern pharmacists and pharmacy students: a national cross-sectional survey"
3317:
840:
Community Pharmacy / Hospital Pharmacy / Industry: Practical training (12 months; 6 months in a Community Pharmacy).
3463:
1228:
3489:
2935:
1695:
1140:
The new professional role for pharmacist as prescriber has been recognized in the UK since May 2006, called the "
799:
672:
2128:
4448:
4289:
4153:
2836:
Cross, Amanda J; Hawthorne, Deborah; Lee, Kenneth; O'Donnell, Lisa Kouladjian; Page, Amy T (23 February 2023).
1979:
1691:
896:
767:
719:
532:
1879:
714:. Specific requirements for practice vary across provinces, but generally include a bachelor's (BSc Pharm) or
3086:"Updated Scope of Practice Charts for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians in Canadian Jurisdictions | NAPRA"
830:
In Germany, the education and training is divided into three sections, each ending with a state examination:
4539:
4430:
3209:
1931:
1336:
1121:
206:
3861:
1260:(Pharm.D.) degree before they are eligible to sit for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (
4173:
3751:
1914:
1578:
1026:
1006:
318:
4405:
4390:
1984:
1830:
1629:
1109:
1083:
636:
594:
508:
399:
287:
3010:
2099:
2837:
2682:
4524:
4473:
4410:
4304:
4213:
1624:
1428:
1217:
1105:
1022:
945:
Imperial court were established; and this organizational structure remained largely intact until the
763:
739:
616:
499:
485:
314:
306:
244:
143:
3434:
1204:, which remained as a professional body after handing over the regulatory role to the GPhC in 2010.
1104:. A dispensing chemist usually operates from a pharmacy or chemist's shop, and is allowed to fulfil
61:
4420:
4352:
4335:
4314:
4235:
4208:
2004:
1999:
1969:
1964:
1870:
1788:
1732:
survey, pharmacists were paid the following average annual salaries, depending on their positions:
1236:
1165:
1066:
1018:
963:
950:
815:
783:
755:
385:
348:
173:
1038:
4415:
4378:
4347:
3565:
2873:
2710:
2662:
2513:
2362:
2270:
2009:
1892:
1690:
With the passage of Senate Bill 159 in 2019, pharmacists in California are authorized to furnish
1590:
1468:
1257:
1212:
1129:
1093:
892:
715:
641:
493:
489:
337:
252:
248:
185:
139:
135:
900:
4070:
722:
offering a pharmacy program, successful completion of a national board examination through the
471:
209:
who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of
4534:
4503:
4468:
4395:
4373:
4309:
4225:
4166:
4100:
3643:
3351:
3285:
2914:
2865:
2857:
2818:
2810:
2769:
2751:
2702:
2654:
2603:
2552:
2505:
2354:
2319:
2311:
2262:
2227:
2184:
2081:
1816:
1463:
1458:
1125:
1005:
awarding of a Doctor of Pharmacy degree, a five-year programme at the Department of Pharmacy,
946:
759:
608:
581:
540:
524:
283:
110:
39:
243:
Among other licensing requirements, different countries require pharmacists to hold either a
4463:
4438:
4400:
4277:
4265:
4261:
3669:
3617:
3275:
3262:
Yuki, Ito; Tetsuo, Ando; Toshiharu, Arakawa; Toshitaka, Nabeshima; Takaharu, Itatsu (2005).
3218:
2904:
2849:
2800:
2759:
2741:
2694:
2644:
2634:
2593:
2583:
2544:
2497:
2463:
2436:
2346:
2301:
2254:
2217:
2101:
Classifying health workers: Mapping occupations to the international standard classification
2073:
1896:
1887:
1794:
1596:
1387:) upon graduation. Most schools require students to take a Pharmacy College Admissions Test
1193:
544:
333:
221:
217:
provider in the community and offers services, such as health screenings and immunizations.
3591:
4383:
4357:
4270:
3408:
1850:
1619:
1563:
1438:
1379:
1304:
1250:
1089:
795:
663:
The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health oversee pharmacy school accreditation in
503:
434:
341:
329:
233:
106:
3236:
2891:
Kamath, Srinivas; Soo, Bianca; Mill, Deanna; Johnson, Jacinta; Page, Amy Theresa (2023).
1866:
1715:
Initiate, adjust, or discontinue therapy pursuant to the regulations outlined in the bill
938:
355:
clinical medication management, including reviewing and monitoring of medication regimens
2764:
2729:
4443:
4342:
3214:
2649:
2622:
2598:
2571:
2258:
2177:
2077:
1989:
1905:
1826:
1169:
888:
735:
430:
working with federal, state, or local regulatory agencies to develop safe drug policies
405:
317:
to either independently prescribe under their own authority or in collaboration with a
3782:
3037:"A Situational Analysis of Human Resource Issues in the Pharmacy Profession in Canada"
2040:"A Situational Analysis of Human Resource Issues in the Pharmacy Profession in Canada"
4518:
4299:
4294:
2877:
2714:
2666:
2517:
2274:
1807:
1798:
1197:
934:
807:
548:
516:
418:
370:
366:
3997:
3459:
3304:
Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Human Resources in Tanzania and Strategic Framework
2366:
2204:
Santschi, V; Chiolero, A; Burnand, B; Colosimo, AL; Paradis, G (12 September 2011).
4256:
2222:
2205:
1900:
1834:
1453:
1413:
1253:, pharmaceutical wholesalers, practices of physicians, and the Federal Government.
942:
791:
787:
771:
536:
528:
512:
214:
177:
90:
3842:. June 2017 Immunization Supplement. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications, LLC
3497:, Chicago, Illinois: Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, 23 January 2011
3202:
3112:"CPhA Position Statement: Doctor of Pharmacy Degree as an Entry-Level to Practice"
2853:
2698:
1763:, Median annual wages of wage and salary pharmacists in May 2015 were $ 121,500.
1495:
to be eligible to "sit" for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (
4203:
2746:
2401:
1927:
1844:
1840:
1325:
811:
589:
310:
236:. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients,
102:
46:
3043:
2639:
2588:
2467:
2440:
2046:
1683:
Administer vaccinations pursuant to the latest CDC standards for anyone ages 3+
4282:
4220:
3567:
Policies and Procedures for ACPE Accreditation of Professional Degree Programs
3187:
1944:
1874:
1642:
1584:
1569:
1473:
1448:
1423:
1408:
1153:
1030:
803:
779:
743:
646:
564:
560:
552:
229:
210:
31:
3289:
2861:
2814:
2755:
2706:
2358:
2315:
2730:"Behaviours that contribute to pharmacist professionalism: a scoping review"
2306:
2289:
2014:
1909:
1802:
1613:
1601:
1433:
520:
237:
169:
3167:
2985:
2918:
2909:
2892:
2869:
2822:
2805:
2788:
2773:
2658:
2607:
2556:
2548:
2509:
2323:
2266:
2231:
2085:
3280:
3263:
4230:
4189:
3939:"Bill Information - SB-159 HIV: preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis"
3695:
1994:
1922:
1607:
1478:
1181:
1050:
993:
819:
351:
patients to physicians. These roles may include, but are not limited to:
299:
277:
259:
157:
17:
3808:
3540:
3515:
1949:
1918:
1883:
1820:
1443:
1418:
1403:
1350: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1177:
1145:
775:
751:
747:
664:
556:
459:
362:
225:
181:
35:
4123:
4023:"2010 Pharmacy Compensation Survey - Spring Edition, National Results"
2960:
2501:
2350:
4127:
3809:"Pharmacists and Immunization: Vaccination Resources for Pharmacists"
3385:. Department of Health and Social Care. 22 March 2010. Archived from
3306:, Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 2010
2160:. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 2006. Archived from
2136:
1860:
1674:
Furnish smoking cessation aids (such as nicotine replacement therapy)
1532:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1392:
1384:
1261:
1149:
884:
711:
949:(1868). In this highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists — and even
710:(CPhA) is the national professional organization for pharmacists in
3890:. California State Legislature, State of California. 1 January 2014
3237:"Theme 1. The Ideal Profile of the Pharmacist: Reaction from Japan"
3722:"Solid Organ Transplantation Pharmacy Recognized as New Specialty"
1811:
1677:
Furnish oral self-administered contraception (birth control pills)
1185:
846:
286:, pharmacists may contribute to prescribing (also referred to as "
3998:"Advanced Practice Pharmacist Application Instructions (17M-100)"
1641:
certifies pharmacists and other medical professionals in applied
1096:), the professional title known as "pharmacist" is also known as
439:
member of inter-professional care team for critical care patients
2290:"Inpatient smoking cessation – turn to your clinical pharmacist"
1520:
1492:
1388:
770:, including analysis of medicinal products, General and applied
4162:
3759:
3140:
2175:
Cipolle, Robert J.; Strand, Linda M.; Morley, Peter C. (2004).
1667:
All licensed California pharmacists can perform the following:
4051:. Pharmacy & Healthcare Communications, LLC. 13 April 2015
3344:"Chapter 8: Pharmaceutical, Ophthalmic and Chiropody Services"
1319:
3599:, Chicago: Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, 2015
3573:, Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, January 2020
4158:
3268:
Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences
498:
The role of pharmacy education, pharmacist licensing, and
3910:"Bill Text - AB-1535 Pharmacists: naloxone hydrochloride"
3758:. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology. Archived from
2288:
Snoswell, Centaine; Barras, Michael (13 September 2016).
1531:) required the new professional degree. Graduates from a
34:. For a scientist trained in the study of chemistry, see
3264:"Role of the Clinical Pharmacist in Pharmaceutical Care"
1519:, and passing a Multi-state Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam
1249:
work in hospitals, and the rest mainly in mail-order or
433:
ensuring correctness of all medication labels including
4138:
International Pharmaceutical Students Federation (IPSF)
3836:"Authority and Scope of Vaccination: How States Differ"
3204:
Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou Annales des empereurs du Japon
3163:
3161:
1702:
regulations of those holding this license. An APh can:
1120:
In the United Kingdom, most pharmacists working in the
445:
staged dosing supply (e.g. opioid substitution therapy)
4137:
3813:
www.immunize.org: Website for Healthcare Professionals
1756:
in 2014 reported the average salary around $ 112,160.
1196:. The role of regulatory and professional body on the
4132:
1859:(1924–2011), leader of research that developed major
818:", which can be adapted to "scientific and technical
667:. Pharmacists are expected to have competency in the
3042:. Human Resources Development Canada. Archived from
2045:. Human Resources Development Canada. Archived from
411:
referrals to other health professionals if necessary
4429:
4366:
4323:
4249:
4196:
4099:. The University of Birmingham Press. p. 189.
3975:. California State Legislature, State of California
3945:. California State Legislature, State of California
3916:. California State Legislature, State of California
3787:
The Policy Surveillance Program: A LawAtlas Project
2294:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
2179:
Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinician's Guide
834:
University: Basic studies (at least four semesters)
258:The most common pharmacist positions are that of a
163:
149:
129:
121:
116:
96:
84:
80:
Pharmacist, Chemist, Doctor of Pharmacy, Apothecary
76:
71:
45:"Druggist" redirects here. Not to be confused with
3781:Schmit, Cason; Reddick, Allison (1 January 2016).
2176:
837:University: Main studies (at least four semesters)
822:" according to procedure in Directive 2005/36/EC.
1908:(1831-1888), American inventor of the soft drink
1810:(1867-1934), American inventor of the soft drink
1680:Furnish travel medications recommended by the CDC
391:oversight of dispensing medicines on prescription
4003:. California State Board of Pharmacy. April 2019
3066:. Canadian Pharmacists Association. January 2020
2936:"How to become a pharmacist in Canada - English"
1960:Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals
1759:According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics'
895:, where the Faculty of Pharmacy is located, the
3560:
3558:
3415:. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
2135:, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, archived from
2066:Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
1560:certifies pharmacists in thirteen specialties:
1256:All graduating pharmacists must now obtain the
1134:Royal Commission on the National Health Service
1041:, the pharmacists' association of Switzerland.
547:, medicine monitoring, medication management),
3543:. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
3141:"Pharm D Position Statement Resolution | afpc"
2687:Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
2133:Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition
1761:Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016–17 Edition
1671:Order and interpret drug therapy related tests
427:designing clinical trials for drug development
224:, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to
4174:
4133:International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
3933:
3931:
3752:"American Board of Applied Toxicology (ABAT)"
2627:Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
1202:Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
8:
3834:Xavioer, Sharon; Goad, Jeff (22 June 2017).
3535:
3533:
3518:. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
3460:"Pharmacists: Occupational Outlook Handbook"
1709:Refer patients to other healthcare providers
1286:American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
1274:Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
1000:for imparting Pharmacy courses. In 2004 the
54:
3186:. Naczelna Izba Aptekarska . Archived from
1312:interim between comprehensive evaluations.
4181:
4167:
4159:
3674:Be a Pharmacist: Degree, License, and More
3648:Be a Pharmacist: Degree, License, and More
3622:Be a Pharmacist: Degree, License, and More
3454:
3452:
3061:"Pharmacists' Scope of Practice in Canada"
2897:International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
2793:International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
2537:International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
2456:Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning
2429:Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning
1296:(NABP) (three appointments each), and the
1294:National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1282:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
1190:Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland
685:Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council
305:side effects of medications, and act as a
3789:. Temple University Beasley School of Law
3279:
3217:. London: Parbury, Allen and Co. p.
2908:
2804:
2763:
2745:
2648:
2638:
2597:
2587:
2381:"Armenia: Pharmaceutical Country Profile"
2339:Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
2305:
2221:
2183:(Second ed.). Toronto: McGraw-Hill.
2123:
2121:
2107:, Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010
1366:Learn how and when to remove this message
321:through an agreed upon protocol called a
4241:Separation of prescribing and dispensing
3700:BPS: Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties
3379:"Pharmacist independent prescribing FAQ"
3324:. National Health Service. 26 March 2015
1853:(1911-1978), U.S. Vice President 1965–69
1575:Compounded sterile preparations pharmacy
1543:
4071:"Pharmacist salary | US news best jobs"
2529:
2527:
2027:
2930:
2928:
2842:Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
2033:
2031:
1895:(1908-1993), Polish pharmacist in the
1754:American Pharmacy Journal of Education
1745:Mail Order Staff Pharmacists $ 109,300
857:Polish pharmacists have to complete a
559:, drug delivery, pharmaceutical care,
53:
3992:
3990:
3962:
3960:
3470:from the original on 15 December 2016
3035:Peartree Solutions Inc. (July 2001).
2038:Peartree Solutions Inc. (July 2001).
1278:United States Department of Education
1174:General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC)
669:WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
7:
3864:. California Pharmacists Association
1742:Hospital Staff Pharmacists $ 111,700
1639:American Board of Applied Toxicology
1348:adding citations to reliable sources
903:. In Sweden, pharmacists are called
734:The pharmacist qualification in the
378:providing pharmaceutical information
941:(718). Ranked positions in the pre-
240:, and other health care providers.
4152:from websites or documents of the
3973:California Legislative Information
3943:California Legislative Information
3914:California Legislative Information
3888:California Legislative Information
3702:. American Pharmacists Association
3201:von Klaproth, Julius, ed. (1834).
2490:Australian Journal of Rural Health
2408:from the original on 13 March 2018
2259:10.1227/01.NEU.0000347090.22818.35
2078:10.1331/1544-3191.46.5.605.skrabal
1739:Retail Staff Pharmacists $ 113,600
1235:Satisfactorily meeting the GPhC's
1211:Successful completion of a 4-year
1200:was previously carried out by the
724:Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada
30:For the precursor profession, see
25:
3213:] (in French). Translated by
3011:"Pharmacists in Canada - English"
1955:Clinical pharmaceutical scientist
1142:Pharmacist Independent Prescriber
551:, pharmacy law, pathophysiology,
66:A patient consulting a pharmacist
4499:
4498:
4459:List of pharmaceutical companies
4148: This article incorporates
4143:
3967:Hernandez, Ed (3 October 2013).
3728:. 22 August 2018. Archived from
3437:. General Pharmaceutical Council
3119:Canadian Pharmacists Association
1540:Specialization and credentialing
1324:
1290:American Pharmacists Association
708:Canadian Pharmacists Association
654:Training and practice by country
647:Pharmacist clinical toxicologist
470:
458:
365:states, such as dosing drugs in
323:collaborative practice agreement
60:
4479:Pharmacies in the United States
3862:"Expanding Pharmacist Services"
3815:. Immunization Action Coalition
3644:"California Pharmacist License"
3210:Annals of the Emperors of Japan
2404:. Australian Pharmacy Council.
2253:(5): 946–50, discussion 950–1.
1736:Directors of Pharmacy $ 125,200
1335:needs additional citations for
642:Pharmacist clinical pathologist
4045:"2015 Pharmacist Salary Guide"
2223:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.399
1748:Clinical Pharmacists $ 113,400
982:Pharmacists Council of Nigeria
421:by administering immunizations
340:in medication regimen; better
1:
3783:"Pharmacist Vaccination Laws"
3726:Board of Pharmacy Specialties
3670:"Virginia Pharmacist License"
3618:"Arkansas Pharmacist License"
3435:"Registering as a Pharmacist"
3184:Polish Pharmaceutical Chamber
2986:"National Statistics | NAPRA"
2854:10.1016/j.archger.2023.104971
2699:10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.006
2210:Archives of Internal Medicine
1975:List of pharmacy associations
1930:(1828–1914), inventor of the
1558:Board of Pharmacy Specialties
1298:American Council on Education
1268:Pharmacy School Accreditation
1237:Fitness to Practice Standards
1168:and pharmacy premises in the
1071:University of the West Indies
633:Regulatory-affairs pharmacist
424:constructing drug formularies
3413:Royal Pharmaceutical Society
2576:BMC Health Services Research
1843:(1772–1864), "the father of
998:Pharmacy Council of Pakistan
582:Clinical pharmacy specialist
38:. For the Alvvays song, see
4454:Pharmacy benefit management
3348:Royal Commission on the NHS
3244:, World Health Organization
2747:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070265
1801:inventor of the soft drink
1706:Perform patient assessments
1650:Expanding Scope of Practice
1002:Higher Education Commission
937:(701) and re-stated in the
849:and employer associations.
716:Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
602:Drug information pharmacist
450:Education and credentialing
4556:
4095:Thornes, John. E. (1999).
3969:"SB-493 Pharmacy Practice"
3464:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2640:10.1186/s40545-021-00395-8
2589:10.1186/s12913-021-07358-4
2468:10.1016/j.cptl.2016.06.002
2441:10.1016/j.cptl.2015.09.003
1786:
1229:British National Formulary
1160:Education and registration
1081:
682:
483:
414:pharmacokinetic evaluation
398:about non-prescription or
361:specialized monitoring of
297:
44:
29:
4494:
2388:World Health Organization
1886:physicist who discovered
1696:post-exposure prophylaxis
800:Pharmaceutical technology
673:World Health Organization
599:Long-term care pharmacist
59:
4449:Investigational New Drug
4290:Pharmaceutical chemistry
4236:Pharmacological activity
4154:United States Government
4075:US News and World Report
3409:"History of the Society"
2961:"Annual Reports | NAPRA"
2158:"Pharmacist prescribing"
1980:List of pharmacy schools
1768:US News and World Report
1692:pre-exposure prophylaxis
1398:Possible prerequisites:
897:University of Gothenburg
814:and, where appropriate,
768:Pharmaceutical chemistry
720:10 Canadian universities
533:pharmaceutical chemistry
4530:Health care occupations
4431:Pharmaceutical industry
4250:Pharmaceutical sciences
2307:10.1111/1753-6405.12567
1932:incandescent light bulb
1921:chemist who discovered
1122:National Health Service
911:, in English so-called
621:Managed care pharmacist
264:(also referred to as a
207:healthcare professional
27:Healthcare professional
4150:public domain material
4097:John Constable's Skies
4029:. 2010. Archived from
1630:Solid organ transplant
1549:
1110:over-the-counter drugs
1027:University of Lausanne
1007:University of Peshawar
617:Informatics pharmacist
605:Home health pharmacist
590:Compounding pharmacist
400:over-the-counter drugs
319:primary care physician
315:prescriptive authority
288:pharmacist prescribers
4406:Pharmacist prescriber
4391:Consultant pharmacist
3281:10.5649/jjphcs.31.113
3235:Kawahara, A. (1997),
3223:nipon o dai itsi ran.
1985:Pharmacist prescriber
1880:Hans Christian Ørsted
1547:
1172:are regulated by the
1106:medical prescriptions
1084:Consultant pharmacist
951:pharmacist assistants
694:adequately prepared.
637:Veterinary pharmacist
613:Industrial pharmacist
595:Consultant pharmacist
509:Doctorate of Pharmacy
477:Industrial Pharmacist
375:compounding medicines
328:Increased numbers of
270:first-line pharmacist
4474:Pharmacies of Norway
4411:Pharmacy informatics
4305:Pharmacoepidemiology
4214:Prehistoric medicine
3762:on 28 September 2007
3466:. 17 December 2015.
3383:Department of Health
2910:10.1093/ijpp/riad012
2806:10.1093/ijpp/riad047
2549:10.1093/ijpp/riaa022
1899:and activist during
1728:According to a 2010
1625:Psychiatric pharmacy
1429:Chemical engineering
1344:improve this article
1218:postgraduate diploma
1166:pharmacy technicians
1098:"dispensing chemist"
1092:(and to some extent
1023:University of Geneva
764:Analytical chemistry
740:Directive 2005/36/EC
738:is regulated by the
586:Community pharmacist
500:continuing education
486:Bachelor of Pharmacy
386:pharmacy technicians
307:learned intermediary
261:community pharmacist
245:Bachelor of Pharmacy
203:Commonwealth English
144:Bachelor of Pharmacy
4421:Veterinary pharmacy
4353:Pharmacy technician
4315:Pharmacocybernetics
4209:History of pharmacy
3350:. HMSO. July 1979.
3190:on 8 December 2015.
3049:on 3 December 2008.
2052:on 3 December 2008.
2005:Pharmacy technician
2000:Pharmacy automation
1970:List of pharmacists
1965:History of pharmacy
1915:Friedrich Sertürner
1789:List of pharmacists
1783:Notable pharmacists
1591:Infectious diseases
1251:Internet pharmacies
1100:or, more commonly,
1067:Trinidad and Tobago
1061:Trinidad and Tobago
1019:University of Basel
977:University of Benin
964:adverse drug events
816:professional ethics
784:medical terminology
756:inorganic chemistry
718:degree from one of
630:Oncology pharmacist
624:Military pharmacist
609:Hospital pharmacist
578:Academic pharmacist
465:Hospital Pharmacist
279:hospital pharmacist
186:medical specialists
174:pharmacy technician
56:
4416:Specialty pharmacy
4379:Community pharmacy
4348:Pharmacy residency
3015:www.pharmacists.ca
2940:www.pharmacists.ca
2164:on 6 October 2006.
2010:Pharmacy residency
1893:Tadeusz Pankiewicz
1724:Earnings and wages
1550:
1469:Physical chemistry
1258:Doctor of Pharmacy
1213:Master of Pharmacy
1130:community pharmacy
1094:Australian English
1055:Ministry of Health
893:Uppsala University
627:Nuclear pharmacist
494:Doctor of Pharmacy
490:Master of Pharmacy
338:patient compliance
274:dispensing chemist
253:Doctor of Pharmacy
249:Master of Pharmacy
197:, also known as a
140:Master of Pharmacy
136:Doctor of Pharmacy
131:Education required
4512:
4511:
4469:Pharmacy in China
4396:Hospital pharmacy
4374:Clinical pharmacy
4310:Pharmacovigilance
4226:Prescription drug
4033:on 1 August 2010.
3732:on 3 January 2019
3696:"BPS Specialties"
3676:. Be a Pharmacist
3650:. Be a Pharmacist
3624:. Be a Pharmacist
3389:on 7 January 2013
2502:10.1111/ajr.12199
2390:. 13 August 2010.
2351:10.1002/jppr.1202
1817:Ikililou Dhoinine
1464:Organic chemistry
1459:Molecular biology
1376:
1375:
1368:
1126:hospital pharmacy
1035:pharma assistants
947:Meiji Restoration
873:magister farmacji
760:Organic chemistry
545:drug interactions
541:pharmacy practice
525:organic chemistry
394:provision of and
334:medication errors
284:scope of practice
266:retail pharmacist
222:drug interactions
191:
190:
111:chemical sciences
40:Pharmacist (song)
16:(Redirected from
4547:
4502:
4501:
4464:Medication costs
4439:Drug development
4401:Nuclear pharmacy
4278:Pharmacogenomics
4266:Pharmacodynamics
4262:Pharmacokinetics
4183:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4111:
4110:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2808:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2749:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2652:
2642:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2044:
2035:
1888:electromagnetism
1795:Charles Alderton
1604:support pharmacy
1597:Nuclear pharmacy
1371:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1328:
1320:
1194:Northern Ireland
913:prescriptionists
870:
869:
865:
862:
474:
462:
435:auxiliary labels
98:Activity sectors
64:
57:
21:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4490:
4425:
4362:
4358:Pharmacy school
4319:
4271:Pharmacometrics
4245:
4192:
4187:
4144:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3215:Titsingh, Isaac
3200:
3199:
3195:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3092:. 22 March 2022
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2216:(16): 1441–53.
2203:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2019:
1940:
1851:Hubert Humphrey
1791:
1785:
1776:
1726:
1665:
1657:
1652:
1620:Pharmacotherapy
1564:Ambulatory care
1542:
1483:
1439:Pathophysiology
1380:Pharmacy school
1372:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1341:
1329:
1318:
1305:Pharmacy school
1280:(USDE) and the
1270:
1246:
1162:
1118:
1090:British English
1086:
1080:
1063:
1047:
1015:
990:
972:
959:
931:
926:
917:Apotekstekniker
901:Umeå University
881:
867:
863:
860:
858:
855:
828:
796:pharmacotherapy
732:
704:
687:
681:
661:
656:
651:
504:pharmacy school
496:
482:
481:
480:
479:
478:
475:
467:
466:
463:
452:
388:and other staff
342:chronic disease
302:
296:
234:pathophysiology
166:
154:
152:
132:
107:health sciences
99:
87:
86:Occupation type
67:
50:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4542:
4540:Hospital staff
4537:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4444:Drug discovery
4441:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4367:Practice areas
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Pharmaconomist
4340:
4339:
4338:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4119:
4118:External links
4116:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4087:
4062:
4049:Pharmacy Times
4036:
4014:
3986:
3956:
3927:
3901:
3875:
3853:
3840:Pharmacy Times
3826:
3800:
3773:
3743:
3713:
3687:
3661:
3635:
3609:
3583:
3554:
3529:
3507:
3481:
3448:
3426:
3400:
3370:
3357:978-0101761505
3356:
3335:
3322:Health Careers
3309:
3295:
3274:(2): 113–120.
3254:
3227:
3193:
3171:
3157:
3132:
3103:
3077:
3052:
3027:
3002:
2977:
2952:
2924:
2903:(3): 328–336.
2883:
2828:
2799:(5): 548–557.
2779:
2740:(6): e070265.
2720:
2693:(2): 272–285.
2672:
2613:
2562:
2543:(2): 178–185.
2523:
2473:
2462:(5): 615–621.
2446:
2419:
2393:
2372:
2345:(3): 216–221.
2329:
2280:
2237:
2196:
2189:
2167:
2149:
2139:on 11 May 2011
2117:
2091:
2072:(5): 605–612.
2055:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Pharmaconomist
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1912:
1906:John Pemberton
1903:
1890:
1877:
1864:
1854:
1848:
1838:
1827:Pravin Gordhan
1824:
1814:
1805:
1787:Main article:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1541:
1538:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1374:
1373:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1269:
1266:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1170:United Kingdom
1161:
1158:
1117:
1114:
1079:
1078:United Kingdom
1076:
1062:
1059:
1046:
1043:
1014:
1011:
989:
986:
971:
968:
958:
955:
930:
927:
925:
922:
889:European Union
880:
877:
854:
851:
842:
841:
838:
835:
827:
824:
754:, General and
736:European Union
731:
730:European Union
728:
703:
700:
680:
677:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
614:
611:
606:
603:
600:
597:
592:
587:
584:
579:
575:
476:
469:
468:
464:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
451:
448:
447:
446:
443:
440:
437:
431:
428:
425:
422:
415:
412:
409:
406:overmedication
402:
392:
389:
382:
379:
376:
373:
359:
356:
330:drug therapies
295:
294:Nature of work
292:
189:
188:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
147:
146:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4552:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4505:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Pharmacognosy
4298:
4296:
4295:Pharmaceutics
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4108:
4106:1-902459-02-4
4102:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3827:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3482:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3146:
3145:www.afpc.info
3142:
3136:
3133:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
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2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2879:
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2867:
2863:
2859:
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2839:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2676:
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2668:
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2641:
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2609:
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2484:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
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2256:
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2207:
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2192:
2190:9780071362597
2186:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:"Pharmacists"
2124:
2122:
2118:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
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1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1917:(1783-1841),
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:Kraków Ghetto
1894:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:(1777–1851),
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:(born 1930),
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:South African
1832:
1829:(born 1949),
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:(born 1962),
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:Caleb Bradham
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:(1857-1941),
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1747:
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1579:Critical care
1577:
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1386:
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1370:
1367:
1359:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1333:This section
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
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1252:
1244:United States
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1209:
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1205:
1203:
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1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:Pharmacists,
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
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836:
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817:
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809:
808:Pharmacognosy
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
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753:
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568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:pharmaceutics
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:pharmacognosy
514:
510:
505:
501:
495:
491:
487:
473:
461:
449:
444:
441:
438:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:public health
416:
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410:
407:
403:
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393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
377:
374:
372:
371:liver failure
368:
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4257:Pharmacology
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4096:
4090:
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4074:
4065:
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4048:
4039:
4031:the original
4027:PharmacyWeek
4026:
4017:
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3977:. Retrieved
3972:
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3942:
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3321:
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3312:
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3144:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3121:. March 2009
3118:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3090:www.napra.ca
3089:
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3055:
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3030:
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2989:
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2965:www.napra.ca
2964:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2939:
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2496:(1): 41–47.
2493:
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2449:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2375:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2250:
2247:Neurosurgery
2246:
2240:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2178:
2170:
2162:the original
2152:
2141:, retrieved
2137:the original
2132:
2109:, retrieved
2100:
2094:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2047:the original
1901:World War II
1867:Edna O'Brien
1777:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1730:PharmacyWeek
1729:
1727:
1718:
1700:
1689:
1686:
1666:
1658:
1655:Vaccinations
1551:
1525:
1509:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1454:Microbiology
1414:Biochemistry
1397:
1377:
1362:
1356:January 2020
1353:
1342:Please help
1337:verification
1334:
1310:
1302:
1292:(APhA), the
1288:(AACP), the
1271:
1255:
1247:
1206:
1163:
1139:
1124:practice in
1119:
1101:
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788:Microbiology
772:biochemistry
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537:microbiology
529:biochemistry
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336:; increased
327:
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273:
269:
265:
260:
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242:
219:
215:primary care
198:
194:
192:
178:toxicologist
165:Related jobs
122:Competencies
91:Professional
51:
4525:Pharmacists
4324:Professions
4204:Compounding
4055:10 February
4007:10 February
3920:14 November
3868:21 November
3846:20 November
3793:21 November
3766:10 February
3706:10 February
3680:10 February
3654:10 February
3628:10 February
3603:10 February
3577:10 February
3547:10 February
3522:20 November
3501:15 February
3419:10 February
2402:"About APC"
2111:10 February
1928:Joseph Swan
1873:author and
1845:meteorology
1841:Luke Howard
1694:(PrEP) and
1188:and by the
1150:diamorphine
1013:Switzerland
909:Receptarier
812:Legislation
774:(medical),
744:traineeship
543:(including
311:compounding
211:medications
117:Description
103:Health care
47:Drug dealer
4519:Categories
4331:Pharmacist
4283:Toxicology
4221:Medication
4080:10 October
3979:2 November
3949:24 October
3894:23 October
3819:1 November
3441:18 January
3328:28 January
3180:"About Us"
3070:27 January
2848:: 104971.
2633:(1): 114.
2412:24 January
2300:(5): 498.
2022:References
1945:Apothecary
1875:playwright
1857:David Jack
1837:government
1823:politician
1663:California
1643:toxicology
1570:Cardiology
1507:programs.
1474:Statistics
1449:Humanities
1424:Immunology
1409:Physiology
1154:dipipanone
1082:See also:
1031:ETH Zurich
935:Taihō Code
804:Toxicology
780:physiology
683:See also:
565:hepatology
561:nephrology
553:physiology
484:See also:
417:promoting
396:counseling
298:See also:
238:physicians
230:physiology
195:pharmacist
153:employment
125:Medication
72:Occupation
55:Pharmacist
32:Apothecary
3736:3 January
3290:1346-342X
2878:257173383
2862:0167-4943
2815:0961-7671
2756:2044-6055
2715:253085504
2707:1551-7411
2667:245542949
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2518:206991129
2435:: 47–51.
2359:1445-937X
2316:1326-0200
2275:207142177
2015:Soda jerk
1910:Coca-Cola
1803:Dr Pepper
1614:Pediatric
1602:Nutrition
1585:Geriatric
1434:Economics
1316:Education
1116:Practices
1108:and sell
1102:"chemist"
939:Yōrō Code
905:Apotekare
679:Australia
521:chemistry
349:referring
170:Physician
151:Fields of
18:Druggists
4535:Pharmacy
4504:Category
4231:Pharmacy
4190:Pharmacy
4124:Pharmacy
3468:Archived
3150:26 April
3125:25 April
3096:26 April
3020:17 April
2995:17 April
2970:17 April
2945:17 April
2919:36933196
2870:36842404
2823:37454279
2774:37369416
2765:10410845
2734:BMJ Open
2659:34965894
2608:35031027
2557:33729531
2510:26119965
2406:Archived
2367:79128020
2324:27624184
2267:19834408
2232:21911628
2086:17036647
1995:Pharmacy
1938:See also
1923:morphine
1831:minister
1821:Comorian
1799:American
1766:In 2020
1632:pharmacy
1616:pharmacy
1610:pharmacy
1608:Oncology
1593:pharmacy
1587:pharmacy
1581:pharmacy
1572:pharmacy
1566:pharmacy
1479:Calculus
1198:mainland
1182:Scotland
1051:Tanzania
1045:Tanzania
1029:and the
994:Pakistan
988:Pakistan
820:progress
300:Pharmacy
276:), or a
255:degree.
184:, other
158:Pharmacy
4484:History
4197:General
3541:"About"
3474:28 July
3393:14 July
3248:18 July
2650:8715411
2599:8760715
2143:14 July
1950:Chemist
1774:Vietnam
1444:Physics
1419:Biology
1404:Anatomy
1178:England
1146:cocaine
970:Nigeria
929:History
866:⁄
826:Germany
776:Anatomy
752:Physics
748:biology
665:Armenia
659:Armenia
557:anatomy
363:disease
251:, or a
226:anatomy
205:, is a
199:chemist
182:chemist
36:Chemist
4264:&
4128:Curlie
4103:
3516:"MPJE"
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1861:asthma
1533:PharmD
1517:NAPLEX
1513:PharmD
1505:PharmD
1497:NAPLEX
1393:PharmD
1385:PharmD
1262:NAPLEX
1132:. The
1025:, the
1021:, the
899:, and
885:Sweden
879:Sweden
853:Poland
712:Canada
702:Canada
492:, and
367:kidney
232:, and
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3597:(PDF)
3571:(PDF)
3495:(PDF)
3207:[
3115:(PDF)
3064:(PDF)
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3040:(PDF)
2874:S2CID
2711:S2CID
2663:S2CID
2514:S2CID
2486:(PDF)
2384:(PDF)
2363:S2CID
2271:S2CID
2105:(PDF)
2050:(PDF)
2043:(PDF)
1871:Irish
1863:drugs
1812:Pepsi
1224:GPhC.
1186:Wales
943:Heian
924:Japan
847:Adexa
77:Names
4384:shop
4336:List
4101:ISBN
4082:2022
4057:2020
4009:2020
3981:2018
3951:2019
3922:2019
3896:2019
3870:2019
3848:2019
3821:2019
3795:2019
3768:2020
3756:AACT
3738:2019
3708:2020
3682:2020
3656:2020
3630:2020
3605:2020
3579:2020
3549:2020
3524:2019
3503:2011
3476:2016
3443:2012
3421:2020
3395:2011
3365:2015
3352:ISBN
3330:2019
3286:ISSN
3250:2011
3242:1997
3152:2022
3127:2022
3098:2022
3072:2020
3022:2022
2997:2022
2972:2022
2947:2022
2915:PMID
2866:PMID
2858:ISSN
2819:PMID
2811:ISSN
2770:PMID
2752:ISSN
2703:ISSN
2655:PMID
2604:PMID
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2185:ISBN
2145:2011
2113:2020
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