Enclosure - Knowledge (XXG)

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and gentry, and even those holy men, the dobots! not contented with the old rents which their farms yielded, nor thinking it enough that they, living at their ease, do no good to the public, resolve to do it hurt instead of good. They stop the course of agriculture, destroying houses and towns, reserving only the churches, and enclose grounds that they may lodge their sheep in them. As if forests and parks had swallowed up too little of the land, those worthy countrymen turn the best inhabited places into solitudes; for when an insatiable wretch, who is a plague to his country, resolves to enclose many thousand acres of ground, the owners, as well as tenants, are turned out of their possessions by trick or by main force, or, being wearied out by ill usage, they are forced to sell them; by which means those miserable people, both men and women, married and unmarried, old and young, with their poor but numerous families...

1189:, no longer posed a significant challenge to enclosures) the Civil War paved the way for the eventual rise to power in the 18th century of what has been called a "committee of Landlords", a prelude to the UK's parliamentary system. After 1650 with the increase in corn prices and the drop in wool prices the focus shifted to implementation of new agricultural techniques, including fertilizer, new crops, and crop rotation, all of which greatly increased the profitability of large-scale farms. The enclosure movement probably peaked from 1760 to 1832; by the latter date it had essentially completed the destruction of the medieval peasant community. Surplus peasant labour moved into the towns to become industrial workers. The enclosure movement is considered by some scholars to be the beginnings of the 977:. The problem was that country lanes were worn out and this had been compounded by the movement of cattle. Thus the commissioners were given powers to build wide straight roads that would allow for the passage of cattle. The completed new roads would be subject to inspection by the local justices, to make sure they were of a suitable standard. In the late eighteenth century the width of the enclosure roads was at least 60 feet (18 m), but from the 1790s this was decreased to 40 feet (12 m), and later 30 feet as the normal maximum width. Straight roads of early origin, if not Roman were probably enclosure roads. They were established in the period between 1750 and 1850. The building of the new roads, especially when linked up with new roads in neighbouring parishs and ultimately the 828: 1709: 990: 236:", enclosing it, and by doing so depriving commoners of their rights of access and privilege. Agreements to enclose land could be either through a formal or informal process. The process could normally be accomplished in three ways. First there was the creation of "closes", taken out of larger common fields by their owners. Secondly, there was enclosure by proprietors, owners who acted together, usually small farmers or squires, leading to the enclosure of whole parishes. Finally there were 1026: 1006: 1717:

servants to suppress the rioters on 8 June 1607. The royal proclamation of King James was read twice. The rioters continued in their actions, although at the second reading some ran away. The gentry and their forces charged. A pitched battle ensued in which 40–50 people were killed; the ringleaders were hanged and quartered. A much-later memorial stone to those killed stands at the former church of St Faith,

576: 556: 540: 6876: 6015: 1119:"This poem is one of the pithiest condemnations of the English enclosure movement—the process of fencing off common land and turning it into private property. In a few lines, the poem manages to criticize double standards, expose the artificial and controversial nature of property rights, and take a slap at the legitimacy of state power. And it does it all with humor, without jargon, and in rhyming couplets." 56: 926:

the major part of the Commission ... and this without any fetter or check upon them beside their own honour confidence (and late indeed) awed by the solemnity of an oath. This is perhaps one of the greatest trusts ever reposed in one set of men; and merits all the return of caution attention and integrity which can result from an honest impartial and ingenuous mind.

1640:, Northamptonshire. He told the protesters he had authority from the King and the Lord of Heaven to destroy enclosures and promised to protect protesters by the contents of his pouch, carried by his side, which he said would keep them from all harm (after he was captured, his pouch was opened; all that was in it was a piece of 757:' access. Although there was usually compensation, it was often in the form of a smaller and poorer quality plot of land. Between 1604 and 1914 there were more than 5,200 inclosure bills which amounted to 6,800,000 acres (2,800,000 ha) of land that equated to approximately one fifth of the total area of England. 661:. Enclosure was quite often undertaken unilaterally by the landowner, sometimes illegally. The widespread eviction of people from their lands resulted in the collapse of the open field system in those areas. The deprivations of the displaced workers has been seen by historians as a cause of subsequent social unrest. 643:

Planting crops such as turnips and clover was not realistic under the open field system because the unrestricted access to the field meant that other villagers' livestock would graze on the turnips. Another important feature of the Norfolk system was that it used labour at times when demand was not at peak levels.

1204:, suggested that the Hammonds exaggerated the costs of change when in reality enclosure meant more food for the growing population, more land under cultivation and on balance, more employment in the countryside. The ability to enclose land and raise rents certainly made the enterprise more profitable. 286:

in the middle of the 14th century however, there was a major decline in population and crop yields. The decline in population left the surviving farm workers in great demand. Landowners faced the choice of raising wages to compete for workers or letting their lands go unused. Wages for labourers rose

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The primary reason for enclosure was to improve the efficiency of agriculture. However, there were other motives too, one example being that the value of the land enclosed would be substantially increased. There were social consequences to the policy, with many protests at the removal of rights from

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The protests against enclosure were not just confined to the countryside. Enclosure riots also occurred in towns and cities across England in the late 15th and early 16th century. The urban unrest was distributed across the whole of the country from York in the north, to Southampton in the south and

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A Commissioner is appointed by Act of Parliament for dividing and allotting common fields and is directed to do it according to the respective interests of proprietors ... without undue preference to any, but paying regard to situation, quality and convenience. The method of ascertainment is left to

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An Act to facilitate the Inclosure and Improvement of Commons and Lands held in common, the Exchange of Lands, and the Division of intermixed Lands; to provide Remedies for defective or incomplete Executions, and for the Non-execution of the Powers of general and local Inclosure Acts; and to provide

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Edward Montagu, one of the deputy lieutenants, had stood up against enclosure in Parliament some years earlier, but was now placed by the king in the position effectively of defending the Treshams. The local armed bands and militia refused the call-up, so the landowners were forced to use their own

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Since the late 20th century, those contentions have been challenged by a new class of historians. The Enclosure movement has been seen by some as causing the destruction of the traditional peasant way of life, however miserable. Landless peasants could no longer maintain an economic independence so

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Historically, the initiative to enclose land came either from a landowner hoping to maximise rental from their estate, or a tenant farmer wanting to improve their farm. Before the 17th century enclosures were generally by informal agreement. When they first introduced enclosure by act of Parliament

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in the second field in the autumn. There was no such thing as artificial fertilizer in mediaeval England, so the continual use of arable land for crops would exhaust the fertility of the soil. The open-field system solved that problem. It did this by allowing the third field, of the arable land, to

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The increase of pasture,' said I, 'by which your sheep, which are naturally mild, and easily kept in order, may be said now to devour men and unpeople, not only villages, but towns; for wherever it is found that the sheep of any soil yield a softer and richer wool than ordinary, there the nobility

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on sheep that was coupled with a levy on home produced cloth. The result made sheep farming less profitable. However, in the end it was market forces that were responsible for stopping the conversion of arable into pasture. An increase in corn prices during the second half of the 16th century made

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In Tudor England the ever increasing demand for wool had a dramatic effect on the landscape. The attraction of large profits to be made from wool encouraged manorial lords to enclose common land and convert it from arable to (mainly) sheep pasture. The consequent eviction of commoners or villagers

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Copyholders had a "customary tenancy" on their piece of land that was legally enforceable. The problem was that a "copyhold tenancy" was only valid for the holder's life. The heir would not have the right to inheritance although usually by custom, in exchange for a fee (known as a fine), the heir

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in the same area in sequential seasons helped to restore plant nutrients and reduce the build-up of pathogens and pests. The system also improves soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. For example, turnips can recover nutrients from deep under the soil.

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by all manorial tenants. "Waste" land was often very narrow areas, typically less than 1 yard (0.91 m) wide, in awkward locations (such as cliff edges, or inconveniently shaped manorial borders), but also could be bare rock, it was not officially used by anyone, and so was often "farmed" by

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The words "enclosure" and "inclosure" are used in this article. Although the two words are used interchangeably there is a fundamental difference between them. An enclosure is a physical boundary around a piece of land. Inclosure is a legal term that refers to the conversion of common land into

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were not technically commons, they were used as such from at least the 1500s onwards. By the 1600s, when Stuart kings examined their estates to find new revenues, it had become necessary to offer compensation to at least some of those using the lands as commons when the forests were divided and

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He writes: "The result was a great increase in agricultural produce. The landowners having separated their plots from those of their neighbours and having consolidated them could pursue any method of tillage they preferred. Alternate and convertible husbandry … came in. The manure of the cattle

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With informal agreements there was either minimal or no written record other than occasionally a map of the agreement. The most straightforward informal enclosure was through 'unity of possession'. Under this, if an individual managed to acquire all the disparate strips of land in an area and

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Following the introduction of the feudal system, there was an increase in the economic growth and urban expansion of the country. In the 13th century, successful Lords did very well financially, while the peasants faced with ever increasing costs did not, and their landholding dwindled. After

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Seeking better financial returns, landowners looked for more efficient farming techniques. They saw enclosure as a way to improve efficiency, however it was not simply the fencing of existing holdings; there was also a fundamental change in agricultural practice. One of the most important

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The very nature of the three field rotation system imposed a discipline on lord and tenants in their management of the arable land. Every one had the freedom to do what they liked with their own land but had to follow the rhythms of the rotation system. The land-holding tenants had

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owner who had the right to appoint one inclosure commissioner for their parish. Tithe-owners (usually the Anglican clergy) could voluntarily commutate tithe payments to a rental charge, this would have the effect of reducing their income, so many refused to allow it. However the

1796:. Most of the beneficiaries were royal courtiers, who paid large sums to enclose and sublet the forests. Those dispossessed of the commons, especially recent cottagers and those who were outside of tenanted lands belonging to manors, were granted little or no compensation, and 1613:

Gloucester in the west, to Colchester in the east. The urban rioters were not necessarily agricultural workers but consisted of artisanal workers such as butchers, shoemakers, plumbers, clothmakers, millers, weavers, glovers, shearmen, barbers, cappers, tanners and glaziers.

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across the economy. The ensuing difficulties in hiring labour has been seen as causing the abandonment of land and the demise of the feudal system, although some historians have suggested that the effects of the Black Death may have only sped up an already on-going process.

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periods. Wheat was grown in the first year, turnips in the second, followed by barley, with clover and ryegrass in the third. The clover and ryegrass were grazed or cut for feed in the fourth year. The turnips were used for feeding cattle and sheep in the winter. The

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from their homes and loss of their livelihoods became an important political issue for the Tudors. The resulting depopulation was financially disadvantageous to the Crown. The authorities were concerned that many of the people subsequently dispossessed would become

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be uncultivated each year and use that "fallow" field for grazing animals, on the stubble of the old crop. The manure the animals produced in the fallow field would help restore its fertility. The following year, the fields for planting and fallow would be rotated.

278:. Thus commoners were still able to exercise their ancient customary rights. The original contract bound the people who occupied the land to provide some form of service. This later evolved into a financial agreement that avoided or replaced the service. 654:

could have the copyhold transferred. To remove their customary rights, the landlords converted the copyhold into a leasehold tenancy. Leasehold removed the customary rights but the advantage to the tenant was that the land could be inherited.

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The people who were responsible for the enforcement of the acts were the same people who were actually opposed to them. Consequently, the acts were not strictly enforced. Ultimately with rising popular opposition to sheep farming, the

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to all the land of the estate. A "customary tenancy" is parcel of land , from the estate, held at the will of the lord according to the custom of the manor. A "copyhold tenancy" was a "customary tenancy" held by the copyholder. The

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farm. The land the lord held was for his benefit and was farmed by his own direct employees or by hired labour. The tenant farmers had to pay rent. This could either be cash, labour or produce. Tenants had certain rights such as

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and drew considerable popular support from the local people. It was led by John Reynolds, otherwise known as 'Captain Pouch' who was thought to be an itinerant pedlar or tinker, by trade, and said to have originated from

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One of the objectives of enclosure was to improve local roads. Commissioners were given authorisation to replace old roads and country lanes with new roads that were wider and straighter than those they replaced.

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writes that "many troubles arose over the loss of common rights" with resentment and hardship coming from various channels including the "loss of ancient rights in the woodlands to cut underwood, to run pigs".

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From the time of Henry VII, Parliament began passing acts either to stop enclosure, to limit its effects, or at least to fine those responsible. The so-called 'tillage acts', were passed between 1489 and 1597.

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The people involved in the protest were not just the dispossessed tenants of depopulated Midland villages but also included urban-dwellers struggling to make ends meet in the towns, especially Leicester and

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said that "enclosure was fatal to three classes: the small farmer, the cottager and the squatter." "Before enclosure the cottager was a labourer with land; after enclosure was a labourer without land."

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system of farming in small enclosed fields. Similarly in much of west and north-west England, fields were either never open, or were enclosed early. The primary area of field management, known as the "

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From as early as the 12th century agricultural land had been enclosed. However, the history of enclosure in England is different from region to region. Parts of south-east England (notably sections of

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M. E. Turner disagreed with this point of view. He posited that with a certain amount of organisation, turnips were grown in the open field system and were only grown marginally more under enclosure.

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issued a proclamation and ordered his deputy lieutenants in Northamptonshire to put down the riots. It is recorded that women and children were part of the protest. Over a thousand had gathered at

946: 6064: 6698: 2207: 6251: 5846: 6266: 616:, and after harvest, the fields became 'common' so they could graze animals on that land. There are still examples of villages that use the open-field system, one example being 510:, depending on the era) were allowed to live on the strips owned by the lord in return for cultivating his land. The open-field system was probably a development of the earlier 405:

There were essentially two broad categories of enclosure, these were 'formal' or 'informal' agreements. Formal enclosure was achieved either through act of Parliament, or, from

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considered that the main feature distinguishing English agriculture was the massive reduction in common land between the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 19th century.

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During the 19th and early 20th century historians generally had sympathy for the cottagers who rented their dwellings from the manorial lord and also the landless labourers.

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court, abolished in 1641, had provided the primary legal brake on the enclosure process. By dealing an ultimately crippling blow to the monarchy (which, even after the

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have examined the available contemporary data and concluded that the difference in efficiency between the open field system and enclosure is not so plain and obvious.

1019:, Wasdale, Cumbria. In the valley are older enclosures and higher up on the fell-side are the parliamentary enclosures following straight lines regardless of terrain. 6650: 6057: 4600: 6214: 1035:

in Cumbria. The roads were made as straight as possible, and the boundaries much wider than a cart width to reduce the ground damage of driving sheep and cattle.

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diagonally across England to the south, taking in parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, large areas of the Midlands, and most of south central England.

1193:; for many Marxists, the enclosures constituted "primitive accumulation," establishing the structural conditions necessary for a capitalist political economy. 5423: 6444: 6439: 6434: 5683: 4365:

McCloskey, D. (1972). "The Enclosure of Open Fields: Preface to a Study of Its Impact on the Efficiency of English Agriculture in the Eighteenth Century".

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The remaining land was organised into a large number of narrow strips, each tenant possessing several disparate strips throughout the manor, as would the

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was one of the last times that the non-mining commoners of England and the gentry were in open, armed conflict. Things had come to a head in early June.

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The road system of England had been problematic for some time. An 1852 government report described the condition of a road between Surrey and Sussex as

431:" land was under the control of the manorial lord. The usual manor consisted of two elements, the peasant tenantry and the lord's holding, known as the 5033: 1797: 1778: 4825:

Thompson, S. J. (2008). "Parliamentary Enclosure, Property, Population, and the Decline of Classical Republicanism in Eighteenth-Century Britain".

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mandated that a cottage had to be built with at least 4 acres (16,000 m) of land. Thus the cottager was someone who lived in a cottage with a

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c. 118). After the 1845 act permanent Inclosure Commissioners were appointed who could approve enclosures without having to submit to Parliament.

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consolidate them in one whole piece, for example a manor, then any communal rights would cease to exist, since there was no one to exercise them.

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The Treshams were unpopular for their voracious enclosing of land – the family at Newton and their better-known Roman Catholic cousins at nearby

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After the Black Death, during the 14th to 17th centuries, landowners started to convert arable land over to sheep, with legal support from the

851: 6688: 4815: 4716: 4676: 4468: 4135: 3483: 3464: 1399: 253: 1631:, Rushton and Pytchley (Northamptonshire) saw protests against enclosures and depopulation. The rioting that took place became known as the 5634: 4953: 4934: 4610: 4430: 4355: 4301: 4087: 3936: 3796: 3766: 3650: 3575: 1935:

Land of a poor quality that was only useful for grazing animals or collecting fuel. Holdings described "not in use" or "waste" paid no tax.

727: 4177:(1990). "Enclosures, Common Rights, and Women: The Proletarianization of Families in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries". 995:

Decaying hedges mark the lines of the straight field boundaries created by the 1768 act of Parliament for the enclosure of Boldron Moor,

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enriched the arable land and grass crops on the ploughed-up and manured land were much better than were those on the constant pasture."

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The commissioners of inclosure had absolute authority to enclose and redistribute common and open fields from around 1745 until the

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What might now be termed a single field would have been divided under this system among the lord and his tenants; poorer peasants (

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From as early as the 12th century, some open fields in Britain were being enclosed into individually owned fields. After the

6788: 6396: 6391: 6209: 6029: 5588: 5152: 1705:, about territory. Now Tresham of Newton was enclosing common land – The Brand Common – that had been part of Rockingham Forest. 832: 4784: 1701:. The old Roman Catholic gentry family of the Treshams had long argued with the emerging Puritan gentry family, the Montagus of 336:

It was the re-allocation of scattered strips of land into large new fields that were enclosed either by hedges, walls or fences.

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The legal definition of a cottage, in England, is a small house for habitation without land. During the reign of Elizabeth I a

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the common people. Enclosure riots are seen by historians as 'the pre-eminent form' of social protest from the 1530s to 1640s.

6140: 1644:). A curfew was imposed in the city of Leicester, as it was feared citizens would stream out of the city to join the riots. A 6805: 6723: 6231: 5578: 4989: 2000:

Common in gross refers to a legal right granted to a person for access to another’s land, for example to graze their animals.

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In May and June 1607 the villages of Cotesbach (Leicestershire); Ladbroke, Hillmorton and Chilvers Coton (Warwickshire); and

742:. This was followed by many more acts of Parliament and by the 1750s the parliamentary system became the more usual method. 707:

arable farming more attractive, so although enclosures continued the emphasis was more on efficient use of the arable land.

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in 1235 manorial lords were able to reorganize strips of land such that they were brought together in one contiguous block.

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Bauer, Alexander A.; Holtorf, Cornelius; Waterton, Emma; Garcia, Margarita Diaz-Andreu; Siberman, Neil Asher, eds. (1996).

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Although 'owned' by the manorial lord, commoners had legal rights over the land and the manorial lord could not enclose it.

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Hoyle, R. W. (1990). "Tenure and the Land Market in Early Modern England: Or a Late Contribution to the Brenner Debate".

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The statutory process included the appointment of commissioners. The process of enclosure was weighted in favour of the

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Kanzaka, Junichi (2002). "Villein Rents in Thirteenth-Century England: An Analysis of the Hundred Rolls of 1279-1280".

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provided the basis for a major acceleration of enclosures. The parliamentary leaders supported the rights of landlords

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onwards, by a written agreement signed by all parties involved. The written record would probably also include a map.

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Although one virgate is shown to be 30 acres, as it was not standardised one virgate could range from 15 to 40 acres.

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The social and economic consequences of enclosure has been much discussed by historians. In the Tudor period Sir

1708: 1678:, near Kettering, pulling down hedges and filling ditches, to protest against the enclosures of Thomas Tresham. 5294: 5019: 4423:

Feudalism to Capitalism: Peasant and Landlord in English Agrarian Development (Studies in Historical Sociology)

1718: 1675: 1081: 6660: 6562: 4549: 1583: 6905: 6683: 6518: 6510: 5500: 5467: 5247: 617: 6861: 6703: 6693: 6616: 6523: 6465: 6426: 6366: 6115: 5944: 5827: 5573: 5542: 5358: 5262: 5240: 1871: 198: 5821: 4406:. The openfields of England: rent, risk and the rate of interest, 1300-1815. Cambridge University Press. 4311:

Liddy, Christian D. (2015). "Urban Enclosure Riots: Risings of the Commons in English Towns, 1480–1525".

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Turner, Michael (1986). "English Open Fields and Enclosures: Retardation or Productivity Improvements".

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The Tresham family declined soon after 1607. The Montagu family went on through marriage to become the

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The newly created enclosed fields were reserved for the sole use of individual owners or their tenants.

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Parliamentary inclosure was also used for the division and privatisation of common "wastes" such as

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Memorial stone commemorating those killed in the Newton Rebellion at the former church of St Faith.

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is a measurement of volume = 8 imperial gallons (36 L; 9.6 US gal); 1 acre = 0.4 ha

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The Enclosure Maps of England and Wales 1595–1918 A Cartographic Analysis and Electronic Catalogue

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of 1235. Villages were depopulated. The peasantry responded with a series of revolts. In the 1381

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The ending of constant quarrels over boundaries and rights of pasture in the meadows and stubbles.

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Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World

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Boyle, James (2003). "The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain".

753:. c. 81) created a law that enabled "enclosure" of land, at the same time removing the right of 678:

of villages would produce a weakened workforce and enfeeble the military strength of the state.

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M.E.Turners paper "English Open Field and Enclosures:Retardation or Productivity Improvements".

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There was no standard size for a strip of land and most holdings had between forty and eighty.

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the informal method continued too. The first enclosure by act of Parliament was in 1604 (the

633:, which greatly increased crop and livestock yields by improving soil fertility and reducing 6743: 6590: 6542: 6493: 6241: 6186: 5920: 5912: 5840: 5537: 5477: 5230: 5116: 5106: 5091: 5061: 4946:

Riot, Rebellion and Popular Politics in Early Modern England (Social History in Perspective)

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Inclosure is the statutory and legal form of the word "enclosure". Enclosure is the process.

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By 1750 this had led to the loss of up to half the common fields of many English villages.

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Small fields or paddocks usually created by the partitioning of larger ancient open field.

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system, which it replaced. The open-field system used a three-field crop rotation system.

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is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "

181: 155: 74: 47: 3973: 2149: 1602:" appeared, referring to those who levelled the ditches and fences erected by enclosers. 1391:

D. McCloskey. "The openfields of England: rent, risk and the rate of interest, 1300-1815"

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Transforming Fell and Valley Landscape and Parliamentary Enclosure in North West England

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Agricultural Revolution in England: The transformation of the agrarian economy 1500–1850

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On Architectural Jurisprudence; in which the Constitutions, Canons, Laws and Customs etc

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enclosed. The majority of the disafforestation took place between 1629 and 1640, during

1025: 6848: 6406: 6219: 6150: 6120: 6105: 5868: 5639: 5622: 5559: 5515: 5204: 5137: 5101: 5081: 4174: 3776: 2092: 2087: 1702: 1690: 1667: 1661: 1632: 1622: 1591: 1430: 1324: 1197: 1166: 966: 915: 856: 794: 716: 406: 380: 364: 237: 63: 3824:

Clark, Gregory; Clark, Anthony (2001). "Common Rights to Land in England, 1475-1839".

1084:" has come to represent the opposition to the enclosure movement in the 18th century: 6894: 6855: 6585: 6181: 6110: 5958: 5925: 5723: 5703: 5654: 5331: 5311: 5252: 5169: 5066: 4900: 4854: 4505: 4394: 4200: 3853: 3633: 2223: 1989: 1793: 1784: 1641: 1605: 1232: 1206: 921:

The Rev. William Homer was a commissioner and he provided a job description in 1766:

639: 333:

Was the removal of common rights that people held over farm lands and parish commons.

271: 115: 6042: 4734:. Accounts and Papers: Turnpike Roads. Vol. XLIV. London: HM Stationery Office. 3927:

Grant, Annie (1992). "Animal Resources". In Astill, Grenville; Grant, Annie (eds.).

575: 539: 6800: 6326: 6246: 5930: 5906: 5873: 5854: 5835: 5790: 5763: 5756: 5738: 5676: 5452: 5406: 5401: 5304: 5289: 5132: 4660: 4591: 4512: 4484: 4012: 3780: 3424:

Amt, Emilie M. (1991). "The Meaning of Waste in the Early Pipe Rolls of Henry II".

2244: 1280: 1248: 1201: 1182: 1142:, in it condemns rural depopulation, the enclosure of common land, the creation of 996: 869: 675: 658: 511: 316: 304: 555: 4665: 3493:

Bell, Howard J. (1944). "The Deserted Village and Goldsmith's Social Doctrines".

2053:

Efficiency meant improvements in per unit acre yields and in total parish output.

6836: 6822: 6595: 6401: 6331: 6089: 5898: 5698: 5583: 5472: 5447: 5435: 5416: 5299: 5279: 5189: 5086: 4799: 3788: 2072: 1981: 1853: 1370: 1170: 1048: 754: 694:. c. 13) restricted the size of flocks of sheep to no more than 2,400. Then the 546: 467: 428: 283: 233: 148: 4999: 6346: 6145: 5991: 5878: 5495: 5076: 4995:

Enclosure as it affected an English Midlands village in the nineteenth century

4884: 4838: 4565: 4540: 4378: 4217: 4192: 3837: 3816: 2222:. The District was abolished and became, for administrative purposes, part of 2181: 2173: 1637: 1169:

that eventually eliminated the English peasantry and saw the emergence of the

141: 100: 81: 55: 3514: 896:

as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

6336: 6155: 6135: 5892: 5693: 5627: 5565: 5547: 5321: 5235: 4994: 4257: 3686: 2165: 2141: 2133: 1900: 1829: 1649: 1628: 1595: 1375: 1354: 1016: 769: 750: 691: 601: 391: 312: 288: 111: 96: 31: 4758: 4320: 3996: 3587:

Britain since the seventies : politics and society in the consumer age

262:

invaded and conquered England in 1066, he distributed its land amongst 180

4639:

Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700–1820

1424:

had to become labourers. Historians and economists such as M.E.Turner and

6793: 6530: 6125: 5780: 5713: 5649: 5532: 5462: 5440: 5336: 5284: 5042: 4097:

Hooke, Della (1988). "Early Forms of Open-Field Agriculture in England".

4055: 2125: 2117: 2109: 1697:. Sir Thomas Tresham of Rushton was vilified as 'the most odious man' in 777: 773: 735: 731: 703: 507: 447: 374: 162: 134: 92: 4846: 4583: 4548:

Motamed, Mesbah J.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Masters, William A. (2014).

4348:

European Peasants and their Markets: essays in Agrarian Economic History

4328: 4292:

Lefebvre, Georges (1984). "Some Observations". In Sweezy, Paul M (ed.).

4063: 4039: 3673: 1826: – English religious reformer, philosopher and activist (1609–1676) 274:. However he promised the English people that he would keep the laws of 17: 6386: 6341: 5733: 5527: 5520: 5385: 5181: 4892: 4386: 4265: 4166: 3979: 3845: 3625: 3551: 3447: 1820: – Group of Protestant agrarian socialists in 17th-century England 1817: 1599: 1264: 1032: 1012: 765: 613: 582: 566: 503: 443: 439: 433: 385: 173: 169: 130: 107: 4118: 4004: 3522: 1813: – Mid-17th to 19th century revolution centred around agriculture 5708: 5660: 5429: 4532: 3987:

Hatcher, John (1994). "England in the Aftermath of the Black Death".

1921:

private land. When land is inclosed the rights of the commoner cease.

1894: 1645: 1554: 1196:

In contrast to the Hammonds' 1911 analysis of the events, critically

739: 634: 605: 523: 515: 368: 177: 126: 4599:

Mulholland, Maureen (2015). Crowcroft, Robert; Cannon, John (eds.).

4158: 3543: 3439: 2961: 2959: 4110: 3617: 3506: 2323: 2321: 2319: 5797: 5393: 3880:

Fairlie, Simon (2009). "A Short History of Enclosure in Britain".

2631: 2629: 2456: 2454: 1707: 981:, was a permanent improvement to the road system of the country. 789: 296: 263: 2071:

Land owned by an individual, rather than in common, was known as

450:

that could be held by neighbouring properties, or (occasionally)

6842: 4539:. Translated by Gilbert Burnet. Cassell and Company – via 3092: 3090: 1985: 519: 488: 300: 6046: 5015: 3807: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2112:. c. 19); this was followed by four acts under Henry VIII, the 1988:

received by the tenant was a copy of the relevant entry in the

1984:. The mode of landholding took its name from the fact that the 1586:

of 1450 land rights were a prominent demand and by the time of

5770: 4210:

The development of transportation in modern England (Volume 1)

4128:

Regions, Institutions, and Agrarian Change in European History

2759: 2757: 1432:

Differences in crop yields open versus enclosed parishes 1801

761: 527: 4768:"Enclosure (Inclosure). Practical Law UK Glossary w-022-3305" 2365: 2363: 1874: – Self-interests causing depletion of a shared resource 945:

After 1899, the Board of Agriculture, which later became the

4864:

The Industrial Revolution: A Translation into Modern English

2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2509: 2507: 2505: 1903: – Conflict over control of range land used for grazing 969:

wrote to a friend complaining that if he desired good roads

311:", was in the lowland areas of England in a broad band from 5011: 4017:

The Divide: Global Inequality from Conquest to Free Markets

3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 1980:

Copyholders held their land according to the custom of the

1769:, enlarging the wealth of the senior branch substantially. 609: 3179: 3177: 3065: 3063: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2294: 2292: 1880: – model between surveillance and interactive economy 1412:

Saving of time in travelling between dispersed fields; and

6699:

Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences

4732:

Turnpike Trusts: County Reports of the Secretary of State

2394: 2392: 2390: 640:

practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops

470:, which exercised some collective control. The land in a 6252:

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs

5847:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

4605:. The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.). 3683:

Barbed Wire: Capitalism and the Enclosure of the Commons

3604:

Blum, Jerome (1981). "English Parliamentary Enclosure".

2592: 2590: 2588: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2350: 2348: 949:, inherited the powers of the Inclosure Commissioners. 2550: 2548: 2546: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 1856: – 1830 uprisings by English agricultural workers 2965: 1590:

of 1549 enclosure was a main issue, as it was in the

1546:

Based on figures extracted from Home Office returns.

1208:

Rises in rents immediately after enclosure 1765-1805

728:

Melcombe Regis and Radipole, Dorset (Church) Act 1603

657:

There was a significant rise in enclosure during the

4442:

Capital : a critique of political economy(1867)

3530:

Beresford, M. (1946). "Commissioners of Enclosure".

3457:

England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075–1225

2787: 1882:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

1844: – Displacement of farmers in Scottish Lowlands 1582:, enclosure was one of the side issues. However, in 6814: 6781: 6739:

Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland

6638: 6629: 6609: 6571: 6509: 6464: 6457: 6425: 6305: 6200: 6174: 6098: 5806: 5608: 5488: 5374: 5223: 5180: 5125: 5049: 2279: 2277: 1652:as a warning, and was pulled down by the citizens. 892: 885: 878: 868: 863: 850: 839: 813: 6257:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 4664: 4504: 3742:"J. L. Carr and St Faith's, Newton in the Willows" 2989: 2620: 2160:c. 2); and three under Elizabeth I, including the 1838: – Evictions in Scottish Highlands, 1750–1860 526:would be planted in one field in spring, wheat or 4531: 2327: 2095:was responsible for dealing with these tenancies. 1741:whilst protesting against the enclosure of common 1689:, who had been involved two years earlier in the 4404:Markets in History: Economic studies of the past 4350:. Princeton University Press. pp. 123–160. 2926: 846:for the Revival of such Powers in certain cases. 803:tithe payments to be commutated to a rent charge 4275:Rural Society and the Anglican Clergy 1815–1914 1868: – Policies to centralize wealth and power 1723: 1117: 1086: 1059: 923: 6215:Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 4225:Kain, J.P.; Chapman, John; Oliver, R. (2004). 3255: 3096: 2579: 2018:Large area of arable land divided into strips. 1850: – Appropriation as the origin of capital 396:Farm servants living in their employers' house 6058: 5027: 4402:McCloskey, D (1989). David W Galenson (ed.). 3455:Bartlett, Robert (2000). J.M. Roberts (ed.). 2513: 1976: 1974: 1897: – Terrain of mixed woodland and pasture 1751:Inscription on memorial stone at St Faiths'.) 1405:The major advantages of the enclosures were: 206: 8: 6651:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales 4743:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 3327: 2460: 46: 4575:1871.1/e88da506-8a2e-4d79-94a3-8436e35a3783 4341:"Economics of enclosure: a market analysis" 4294:The transition from Feudalism to Capitalism 4130:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 3168: 1773:Western Rising 1630–32 and forest enclosure 975:"Sussex road is an almost insuperable evil" 371:. Proprietors of large and small properties 6635: 6461: 6309: 6065: 6051: 6043: 5378: 5034: 5020: 5012: 4530:More, Thomas (1901). Morley, Henry (ed.). 2635: 2484: 2433: 810: 213: 199: 45: 6292:Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates 4573: 4229:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4212:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3315: 3279: 2938: 2893: 2472: 2369: 1779:Western Rising and disafforestation riots 1693:and had by announcement died in London's 1091:Who steals the goose from off the common, 937: 581:Division of farm land. 1 acre= 0.4 Ha. 1 4346:. In Parker, W. N.; Jones, E.L. (eds.). 3231: 3219: 2763: 2748: 2724: 2712: 2608: 2255: 2253: 2247:of land, the statute was later repealed. 1955: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1832: – 1640s English political movement 1442: 1439: 1165:, focused on enclosure as a part of the 702:. c. 23) was introduced that imposed a 27:In England, appropriation of common land 3865:. Oxford University Press. p. 40. 3351: 3339: 3291: 3207: 3001: 2881: 2857: 2845: 2736: 2496: 2421: 2273: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1913: 629:innovations was the development of the 545:Conjectural map of a mediaeval English 3706:"Practice guide 16: profits a prendre" 3643:Wool Trade in Tudor and Stuart England 3394: 3370: 3303: 3267: 3183: 3018: 2977: 2914: 2806: 2554: 2525: 2445: 2381: 2354: 2082: 2080: 1862: – Village that has been deserted 1758: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1095:Who steals the common from the goose." 6689:Country Land and Business Association 4078:Hobsbawm, Eric; Rudé, George (1973). 3910:The Sutton Companion to Local History 3785:The Agricultural Revolution 1750–1850 3406: 3156: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3054: 3042: 3030: 2869: 2833: 2775: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2647: 2596: 2537: 2398: 2339: 2298: 2283: 2206:Bowes (Yorkshire) Inclosure Act 1766 1594:revolts of 1604-1607 when the terms " 1146:and the pursuit of excessive wealth. 1124: 1107: 963:"very ruinous and almost impassable." 947:Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries 887:Text of statute as originally enacted 481:Several very large common hay meadows 478:Two or three very large common fields 254:Economy of England in the Middle Ages 7: 4948:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. 4478:Monbiot, George (22 February 1995). 4425:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. 3382: 3243: 3195: 3081: 3069: 2193:The government also appointed eight 1099:(Part of 18th century poem by Anon.) 1073: 1031:A parliamentary enclosure road near 474:under this system would consist of: 6729:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre 6656:National Farmers' Union of Scotland 5000:Newton Rebels 1607 re-enactors site 3929:The Countryside of Medieval England 3476:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 2950: 2310: 2144:. c. 22); one under Edward VI, the 427:Before the enclosures in England, " 4461:Parliamentary Enclosure in England 2788:Motamed, Florax & Masters 2014 1737:over 40 Northamptonshire villagers 1656:Newton Rebellion: 8 June 1607 1493:Mean produce per parish (bushels) 1089:"The law locks up the man or woman 25: 6074:Agriculture in the United Kingdom 3863:The Economy of England, 1450–1750 3757:Cartwright, Frederick F. (1994). 1848:Primitive accumulation of capital 1733:Newton Rebellion of 8th June 1607 973:and another writer said that the 6875: 6874: 6397:Scottish Agricultural Revolution 6392:Rural Reconstruction Association 6210:Agricultural Land Classification 6014: 6013: 4444:. Vol. 1. London: Penguin. 3761:. Dorset Press. pp. 32–46. 1093:But lets the greater felon loose 1066:(From Thomas Mores Utopia. 1518) 1024: 1004: 988: 833:Parliament of the United Kingdom 826: 801:. c. 71) made it compulsory for 624:The end of the open-field system 574: 554: 538: 238:enclosures by acts of Parliament 54: 6237:British Cattle Movement Service 4873:The Journal of Economic History 4770:. Thomson Reuters Practical Law 4367:The Journal of Economic History 4180:The Journal of Economic History 3826:The Journal of Economic History 2328:Kain, Chapman & Oliver 2004 1811:British Agricultural Revolution 1739:are recorded to have been slain 721:British Agricultural Revolution 6724:National Non-Food Crops Centre 6666:Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster 6232:Animal and Plant Health Agency 5579:Right of way (property access) 4783:The National Archives (2021). 4671:. Cambridge University Press. 4126:Hopcroft, Rosemary L. (1999). 3975:The Village Labourer 1760–1832 3950:. New York City: Autonomedia. 2086:The lord of the manor has the 1746:May their souls rest in peace. 1516:Mean yield per acre (bushels) 894:Text of the Inclosure Act 1845 1: 6762:Royal Agricultural University 6717:National Museum of Rural Life 6225:Meat and Livestock Commission 6141:Müller Milk & Ingredients 6085:Economy of the United Kingdom 4963:Wood, Ellen Meiksins (1999). 4709:Plantagenet England 1225-1360 4296:(4 ed.). London: Verso. 4101:. Series B. Human Geography. 3681:Brantlinger, Patrick (2018). 3662:Law and Contemporary Problems 3606:The Journal of Modern History 2152:. c. 5); one under Mary, the 2104:The first being in 1489, the 1866:Accumulation by dispossession 1080:An anonymous poem, known as " 6712:Museum of English Rural Life 6679:British Egg Industry Council 6536:Scottish Crofting Foundation 4741:In contempt of all authority 4624:. London: legislation.gov.uk 4208:Jackman, William T. (1916). 3564:The Lost Villages of England 1161:Marxist historians, such as 711:Parliamentary inclosure acts 6262:Institute for Animal Health 5885:Two Treatises of Government 4990:Laxton (open field village) 4929:. University of Lancaster. 4785:"Enclosure Awards and Maps" 4726:Secretary of State (1852). 4711:. Oxford University Press. 4707:Prestwich, Michael (2007). 4246:The Economic History Review 4147:The Economic History Review 3806:Chisolm, Hugh, ed. (1911). 3725:. London: Canongate Books. 3704:British Government (2019). 3532:The Economic History Review 3478:. Oxford University Press. 3427:The Economic History Review 1731:This stone commemorates the 1173:. From this viewpoint, the 1115:According to one academic: 1043:Social and economic factors 6932: 6753:Universities and colleges 6749:Tenant Farmers Association 6192:Rare Breeds Survival Trust 4808:The Historical Association 4643:Cambridge University Press 4554:Journal of Economic Growth 4082:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 4021:W. W. Norton & Company 3589:. London: Reaktion Books. 3256:Chambers & Mingay 1982 3097:Hammond & Hammond 1912 2966:The National Archives 2021 2580:Hammond & Hammond 1912 1776: 1659: 1620: 808:United Kingdom legislation 784:Commissioners of inclosure 714: 631:Norfolk four-course system 420: 251: 39:Enclosure (disambiguation) 36: 29: 6870: 6674: 6563:Scotland Food & Drink 6312: 6282:Rights of way in Scotland 6080: 6009: 5381: 4885:10.1017/S0022050700046829 4839:10.1017/S0018246X08006948 4620:National Archive (2021). 4566:10.1007/s10887-014-9104-x 4511:. Boston, Massachusetts: 4480:"A Land Reform Manifesto" 4379:10.1017/S0022050700075379 4193:10.1017/S0022050700035701 3946:Federici, Silvia (2004). 3838:10.1017/S0022050701042061 3740:Calder, Jonathan (2009). 3641:Bowden, Peter J. (2015). 2228:Local Government Act 1972 2220:Startforth Rural District 1538: 1436: 1385: 971:"never to go into Sussex" 825: 820: 604:, including sheep, pigs, 303:) retained the pre-Roman 6767:Scotland's Rural College 5937:The Great Transformation 5295:Labor theory of property 4967:. Monthly Review Press. 4965:The Origin of Capitalism 4862:Toynbee, Arnold (2020), 4739:Sharp, Buchanan (1980), 4692:. Boston: Beacon Press. 4689:The Great Transformation 4044:History Workshop Journal 3328:Hobsbawm & Rudé 1973 1743:land by local landowners 1719:Newton, Northamptonshire 1409:Effective crop rotation; 1082:The Goose and the Common 561:Three-field system with 48:Feudal titles and status 30:Not to be confused with 6684:British Poultry Council 6646:Farmers' Union of Wales 6474:Agriculture in Cheshire 6317:Agricultural Revolution 5506:Forest-dwelling (India) 5468:restraint on alienation 5248:Common good (economics) 5005:28 January 2023 at the 4912:. London: UK Parliament 4421:Martin, John E (1986). 4277:. Woodbridge: Boydell. 4258:10.1111/1468-0289.00233 3908:Friar, Stephen (2004). 2990:Secretary of State 1852 2860:, pp. 117 and 167. 2679:, pp. 120 and 272. 2621:British Government 2019 1191:emergence of capitalism 618:Laxton, Nottinghamshire 6916:History of agriculture 6704:James Hutton Institute 6694:Fresh Start Initiative 6367:Highland Potato Famine 5945:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 5719:Primitive accumulation 5574:Right of way (transit) 5359:Tragedy of the commons 5241:fictitious commodities 4908:UK Parliament (2021). 4827:The Historical Journal 4686:Polyani, Karl (2001). 4637:Neeson, J. M. (1993). 4038:Hindle, Steve (2008). 3861:Coleman, D.C. (1977). 3787:(Reprinted ed.). 3721:Cahill, Kevin (2002). 3585:Black, Jeremy (2004). 2636:Clark & Clark 2001 2197:between 1517 and 1636. 2158:2 & 3 Ph. & M. 1872:Tragedy of the commons 1763: 1713: 1470:Mean acres per parish 1130: 1113: 1078: 943: 734:. c. 30)) and was for 674:and thieves. Also the 6661:Ulster Farmers' Union 6479:Agriculture in London 6297:Single Payment Scheme 6287:Rural Payments Agency 6272:Quality Meat Scotland 5998:The Wealth of Nations 5978:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 5970:The Ethics of Liberty 4463:. London: Routledge. 4459:Mingay, G.E. (2014). 3948:Caliban and the Witch 3912:. Sutton Publishing. 3889:Elmes, James (1827). 3123:, pp. 17, 19–29. 2927:National Archive 2021 2638:, pp. 1009–1036. 1711: 1621:Further information: 1584:Jack Cade's rebellion 715:Further information: 592:The open-field system 266:, who held it as his 6911:English property law 6411:Women's Land Army - 6322:British timber trade 6131:Frontier Agriculture 5861:Progress and Poverty 5195:Common-pool resource 4910:"Enclosing the Land" 4622:"Inclosure Act 1773" 4321:10.1093/pastj/gtu038 4273:Lee, Robert (2006). 3997:10.1093/past/144.1.3 3884:(7 ed.): 16–31. 3566:(Revised ed.). 1790:Charles I of England 1735:During this uprising 1163:Barrington Moore Jr. 1139:The Deserted Village 466:was administered by 401:Methods of enclosure 287:and translated into 276:Edward the Confessor 37:For other uses, see 6734:Rothamsted Research 6558:Royal Highland Show 6458:Nations and regions 6362:Highland Clearances 6357:Haughley Experiment 5984:The Social Contract 5672:population transfer 5589:prior-appropriation 5268:homestead principle 4944:Wood, Andy (2001). 4925:Whyte, Ian (2003). 4602:law, development of 4440:Marx, Karl (1990). 4099:Geografiska Annaler 3931:. Wiley-Blackwell. 3895:. London: W.Benning 3759:Disease and History 3397:, pp. 166–167. 3385:, pp. 118–119. 3234:, pp. 122–127. 3111:, pp. 178–179. 3084:, pp. 747–772. 3072:, pp. 477–504. 2917:, pp. 110–111. 2836:, pp. 144–146. 2809:, pp. 669–692. 2790:, pp. 339–368. 2766:, pp. 621–642. 2739:, pp. 593–618. 2727:, pp. 308–309. 2611:, pp. 312–313. 2540:, pp. 121–131. 2475:, pp. 454–457. 2463:, pp. 106–107. 2313:, pp. 240–248. 2301:, pp. 144–145. 1990:manorial court roll 1836:Highland Clearances 1433: 1209: 455:landless peasants. 50: 6372:Lowland Clearances 5964:Murray N. Rothbard 5275:Free-rider problem 4313:Past & Present 4056:10.1093/hwj/dbn029 3989:Past & Present 3708:. HM Land Registry 3560:Beresford, Maurice 2703:, p. 299–300. 2514:UK Parliament 2021 1889:In other countries 1842:Lowland Clearances 1824:Gerrard Winstanley 1798:rioted in response 1767:Dukes of Buccleuch 1714: 1431: 1207: 940:, pp. 130–140 910:Inclosure Act 1845 898:legislation.gov.uk 815:Inclosure Act 1845 747:Inclosure Act 1773 6888: 6887: 6777: 6776: 6625: 6624: 6453: 6452: 6377:Napier Commission 6040: 6039: 5951:What Is Property? 5744:human trafficking 5729:Regulatory taking 5604: 5603: 5349:Right to property 4817:9-780-852-78154-8 4718:978-0-19-922687-0 4678:978-0-521-56859-3 4501:Moore, Barrington 4470:978-0-582-25725-2 4137:978-0-472-11023-0 3882:The Land Magazine 3744:. Liberal England 3485:978-0-19-507618-9 3466:978-0-19-925101-8 3373:, pp. 21–61. 3342:, pp. 16–31. 3294:, pp. 13–15. 3246:, pp. 83–84. 3222:, pp. 69–73. 3186:, pp. 76–82. 3171:, pp. ix–xi. 3159:, pp. 29–30. 3147:, pp. 25–29. 3021:, pp. 48–49. 2953:, pp. 75–78. 2715:, pp. 17–20. 2487:, pp. 32–46. 2461:Bauer et al. 1996 2401:, pp. 41–77. 2372:, pp. 15–35. 2208:(6 Geo. 3. c. 70) 2195:royal commissions 2176:. c. 13) and the 2136:. c. 13) and the 1878:Digital enclosure 1860:Abandoned village 1753: 1576:Statute of Merton 1562: 1561: 1397: 1396: 1175:English Civil War 1144:landscape gardens 1101: 1068: 932: 904: 903: 821:Act of Parliament 799:6 & 7 Will. 4 696:Taxation Act 1549 648:Statute of Merton 487:In some cases, a 464:open-field system 423:Open-field system 417:Open-field system 360:Lord of the manor 309:open field system 282:outbreaks of the 270:, establishing a 223: 222: 89:Lord of the manor 16:(Redirected from 6923: 6878: 6877: 6744:Soil Association 6636: 6630:Non-governmental 6610:Northern Ireland 6591:Royal Welsh Show 6462: 6310: 6242:The Country Code 6187:Hedgerow removal 6116:Bernard Matthews 6067: 6060: 6053: 6044: 6017: 6016: 5921:John Stuart Mill 5841:Friedrich Engels 5822:Frédéric Bastiat 5815: 5667:Forced migration 5635:Collectivization 5379: 5258:First possession 5231:Bundle of rights 5036: 5029: 5022: 5013: 4978: 4959: 4955:978-033-363762-3 4940: 4936:978-18622-0132-3 4921: 4919: 4917: 4904: 4867: 4866:, Kindle edition 4858: 4821: 4804:Tudor Enclosures 4795: 4793: 4791: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4762: 4735: 4722: 4703: 4682: 4670: 4656: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4616: 4612:978-01917-5715-0 4595: 4577: 4544: 4538: 4526: 4510: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4474: 4455: 4436: 4432:978-033-340476-8 4417: 4398: 4361: 4357:978-06916-1746-6 4345: 4332: 4307: 4303:978-08609-1701-4 4288: 4269: 4240: 4221: 4204: 4170: 4141: 4122: 4093: 4089:978-0140-60013-1 4074: 4072: 4070: 4034: 4008: 3983: 3970:Hammond, Barbara 3961: 3942: 3938:978-06311-8442-3 3923: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3885: 3876: 3857: 3832:(4): 1009–1036. 3820: 3814: 3802: 3798:978-07134-1358-8 3772: 3768:978-0880-29690-8 3753: 3751: 3749: 3736: 3723:Who Owns Britain 3717: 3715: 3713: 3700: 3677: 3656: 3652:978-0415-75927-4 3637: 3600: 3581: 3577:978-07509-1848-0 3555: 3526: 3489: 3470: 3451: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3172: 3169:Brantlinger 2018 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2810: 2804: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2599:, pp. 1–20. 2594: 2583: 2577: 2558: 2552: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2500: 2499:, pp. 3–35. 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2402: 2396: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2330:, pp. 9–10. 2325: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2261: 2257: 2248: 2237: 2231: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2191: 2185: 2178:Tillage Act 1597 2170:Tillage Act 1571 2162:Tillage Act 1562 2154:Tillage Act 1555 2150:5 & 6 Edw. 6 2146:Tillage Act 1551 2138:Tillage Act 1535 2130:Tillage Act 1533 2122:Tillage Act 1515 2114:Tillage Act 1514 2106:Tillage Act 1488 2102: 2096: 2084: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2036: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1978: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1948: 1945: 1936: 1933: 1922: 1918: 1883: 1761: 1748: 1725:NEWTON REBELLION 1699:Northamptonshire 1685:, the family of 1668:Newton Rebellion 1588:Kett's Rebellion 1580:Peasants' Revolt 1434: 1210: 1181:the King, whose 1134:Oliver Goldsmith 1128: 1127:, pp. 33–74 1111: 1110:, pp. 33–74 1097: 1076: 1064: 1028: 1008: 992: 941: 928: 912: 911: 830: 829: 816: 811: 700:3 & 4 Edw. 6 688:Tillage Act 1533 578: 563:ridge and furrow 558: 542: 268:tenants in chief 215: 208: 201: 156:Domestic servant 68:Territorial lord 58: 51: 21: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6866: 6830:Clarkson's Farm 6810: 6773: 6670: 6631: 6621: 6605: 6567: 6505: 6449: 6421: 6301: 6277:Natural England 6202: 6196: 6170: 6166:Vestey Holdings 6161:Saputo Dairy UK 6094: 6076: 6071: 6041: 6036: 6005: 5809: 5808: 5802: 5752:husband-selling 5689:Illegal logging 5684:Illegal fishing 5613: 5600: 5511:Freedom to roam 5484: 5397:(agrarian land) 5370: 5327:Property rights 5219: 5176: 5138:Estate (landed) 5121: 5045: 5040: 5007:Wayback Machine 4986: 4981: 4975: 4962: 4956: 4943: 4937: 4924: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4870: 4861: 4824: 4818: 4798: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4765: 4751: 4738: 4725: 4719: 4706: 4700: 4699:978-080705643-1 4685: 4679: 4659: 4653: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4598: 4547: 4529: 4523: 4499: 4490: 4488: 4477: 4471: 4458: 4452: 4451:978-014044568-8 4439: 4433: 4420: 4414: 4401: 4364: 4358: 4343: 4335: 4310: 4304: 4291: 4285: 4272: 4243: 4237: 4224: 4207: 4175:Humphries, Jane 4173: 4159:10.2307/2596510 4144: 4138: 4125: 4096: 4090: 4077: 4068: 4066: 4037: 4031: 4011: 3986: 3964: 3958: 3945: 3939: 3926: 3920: 3907: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3879: 3873: 3860: 3823: 3805: 3799: 3777:Chambers, J. D. 3775: 3769: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3680: 3659: 3653: 3640: 3603: 3597: 3584: 3578: 3558: 3544:10.2307/2590476 3529: 3492: 3486: 3473: 3467: 3459:. London: OUP. 3454: 3440:10.2307/2598295 3423: 3419: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2813: 2805: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2586: 2578: 2561: 2553: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2485:Cartwright 1994 2483: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2434:Mulholland 2015 2432: 2428: 2420: 2405: 2397: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2361: 2353: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2297: 2290: 2282: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2251: 2238: 2234: 2218:Boldron was in 2217: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2192: 2188: 2103: 2099: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1925: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1806: 1781: 1775: 1762: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1687:Francis Tresham 1664: 1658: 1648:was erected in 1625: 1619: 1572: 1570:Enclosure riots 1567: 1552: 1545: 1392: 1220: 1155:Barbara Hammond 1136:wrote the poem 1129: 1123: 1112: 1106: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1077: 1072: 1063: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1021: 1020: 1009: 1001: 1000: 993: 959: 957:Enclosure roads 942: 936: 927: 916:8 & 9 Vict. 909: 908: 881: 880:Status: Amended 857:8 & 9 Vict. 835: 827: 814: 809: 786: 723: 713: 667: 626: 597: 596: 595: 594: 588: 587: 586: 579: 571: 570: 559: 551: 550: 543: 468:manorial courts 425: 419: 403: 325: 256: 250: 219: 75:Tenant-in-chief 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6929: 6927: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6906:Public commons 6903: 6893: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6852: 6849:Farmers Weekly 6845: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6640: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6528: 6527: 6526: 6515: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6427:Foot-and-mouth 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6409: 6407:Victory garden 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6220:Potato Council 6212: 6206: 6204: 6203:and regulation 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6151:Norbrook Group 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6121:Faccenda Foods 6118: 6113: 6108: 6106:ADAS (company) 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6022: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5876: 5871: 5869:Garrett Hardin 5866: 5865: 5864: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5818: 5816: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5746: 5741: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5664: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5640:Eminent domain 5637: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5623:Bioprospecting 5619: 5617: 5615:redistribution 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5557: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5433: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5399: 5391: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5324: 5319: 5317:Natural rights 5314: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5162: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5016: 5010: 5009: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4984:External links 4982: 4980: 4979: 4973: 4960: 4954: 4941: 4935: 4922: 4905: 4879:(3): 669–692. 4868: 4859: 4833:(3): 621–642. 4822: 4816: 4796: 4780: 4766:Staff (2024). 4763: 4749: 4736: 4723: 4717: 4704: 4698: 4683: 4677: 4657: 4651: 4634: 4617: 4611: 4596: 4560:(3): 339–368. 4545: 4527: 4521: 4497: 4475: 4469: 4456: 4450: 4437: 4431: 4418: 4412: 4399: 4362: 4356: 4333: 4315:(226): 41–77. 4308: 4302: 4289: 4283: 4270: 4252:(4): 593–618. 4241: 4235: 4222: 4205: 4171: 4142: 4136: 4123: 4111:10.2307/490748 4105:(1): 121–131. 4094: 4088: 4075: 4035: 4030:978-0393651362 4029: 4009: 3984: 3966:Hammond, J. L. 3962: 3956: 3943: 3937: 3924: 3918: 3905: 3886: 3877: 3871: 3858: 3821: 3803: 3797: 3773: 3767: 3754: 3737: 3731: 3718: 3701: 3695: 3678: 3668:(1/2): 33–74. 3657: 3651: 3638: 3618:10.1086/242327 3612:(3): 477–504. 3601: 3595: 3582: 3576: 3556: 3538:(2): 130–140. 3527: 3507:10.2307/459383 3501:(3): 747–772. 3490: 3484: 3471: 3465: 3452: 3434:(2): 240–248. 3420: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3375: 3356: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3316:Humphries 1990 3308: 3306:, p. 223. 3296: 3284: 3280:McCloskey 1989 3272: 3260: 3258:, p. 104. 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3173: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3099:, p. 100. 3086: 3074: 3059: 3057:, p. 198. 3047: 3035: 3033:, p. 146. 3023: 3006: 3004:, p. 295. 2994: 2982: 2970: 2955: 2943: 2941:, p. 146. 2939:McCloskey 1975 2931: 2919: 2898: 2894:Beresford 1998 2886: 2874: 2872:, p. 390. 2862: 2850: 2838: 2811: 2792: 2780: 2768: 2753: 2751:, p. 310. 2741: 2729: 2717: 2705: 2693: 2691:, p. 145. 2681: 2669: 2667:, p. 300. 2652: 2650:, p. 430. 2640: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2584: 2559: 2542: 2530: 2518: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2473:Prestwich 2007 2465: 2450: 2448:, p. 397. 2438: 2426: 2403: 2386: 2374: 2370:McCloskey 1972 2359: 2344: 2332: 2315: 2303: 2288: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2249: 2232: 2211: 2199: 2186: 2097: 2093:manorial court 2076: 2064: 2055: 2046: 2037: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1970: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1923: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1777:Main article: 1774: 1771: 1755: 1691:Gunpowder Plot 1662:Midland Revolt 1657: 1654: 1633:Midland Revolt 1623:Midland Revolt 1618: 1617:Midland Revolt 1615: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1400:Arnold Toynbee 1395: 1394: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1325:Leicestershire 1322: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1217: 1214: 1198:J. D. Chambers 1167:class conflict 1121: 1104: 1087: 1070: 1044: 1041: 1030: 1023: 1022: 1010: 1003: 1002: 994: 987: 986: 985: 984: 983: 967:Horace Walpole 958: 955: 938:Beresford 1946 934: 902: 901: 890: 889: 883: 882: 879: 876: 875: 872: 866: 865: 861: 860: 854: 848: 847: 843: 837: 836: 831: 823: 822: 818: 817: 807: 795:Tithe Act 1836 785: 782: 717:Inclosure acts 712: 709: 666: 663: 625: 622: 590: 589: 580: 573: 572: 560: 553: 552: 544: 537: 536: 535: 534: 533: 500: 499: 492: 485: 482: 479: 421:Main article: 418: 415: 402: 399: 398: 397: 394: 389: 383: 381:Tenant farmers 378: 372: 362: 351: 350: 341: 340: 337: 334: 324: 321: 249: 246: 221: 220: 218: 217: 210: 203: 195: 192: 191: 185: 184: 166: 165: 159: 158: 152: 151: 145: 144: 138: 137: 119: 118: 104: 103: 85: 84: 78: 77: 71: 70: 64:Lord paramount 60: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6928: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6856:Farming Today 6853: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6632:organisations 6628: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6581:Animal breeds 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6519:Animal breeds 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6182:Grazing marsh 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6111:Arla Foods UK 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018:Categories: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5959:David Ricardo 5957: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5926:Elinor Ostrom 5924: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5724:Privatization 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5704:Legal plunder 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5656: 5655:Expropriation 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5389:(watercourse) 5388: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:primogeniture 5330: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Legal plunder 5310: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5263:appropriation 5261: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5253:Excludability 5251: 5249: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5025: 5023: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4974:1-58367-000-9 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4786: 4781: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4750:0-520-03681-6 4746: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4662: 4661:Overton, Mark 4658: 4654: 4652:0-521-56774-2 4648: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4528: 4524: 4522:9780807050750 4518: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4502: 4498: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4413:0-521-35200-2 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4338: 4337:McCloskey, D. 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4284:1-84383-202-X 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4236:0-521-82771-X 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4080:Captain Swing 4076: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4050:(66): 21–61. 4049: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013:Hickel, Jason 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3991:(144): 3–35. 3990: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3957:1-57027-059-7 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3919:0-7509-2723-2 3915: 3911: 3906: 3894: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3872:0-19-215355-2 3868: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3781:Mingay, G. E. 3778: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3732:1-84195-310-5 3728: 3724: 3719: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3696:9781138564398 3692: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645:. Routledge. 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3596:1-86189-201-2 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3409:, p. 57. 3408: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3354:, p. 40. 3353: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3330:, p. 16. 3329: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3282:, p. 17. 3281: 3276: 3273: 3270:, p. 87. 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3232:Lefebvre 1984 3228: 3225: 3221: 3220:Federici 2004 3216: 3213: 3210:, p. 35. 3209: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3135:, p. 23. 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3045:, p. 63. 3044: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2980:, p. 48. 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2896:, p. 28. 2895: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2764:Thompson 2008 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2749:Bartlett 2000 2745: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725:Bartlett 2000 2721: 2718: 2714: 2713:Hopcroft 1999 2709: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609:Bartlett 2000 2605: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2582:, p. 28. 2581: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2384:, p. 33. 2383: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2357:, p. 37. 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2342:, p. 90. 2341: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2224:County Durham 2221: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168:. c. 2), the 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128:. c. 1), the 2127: 2123: 2120:. c. 5), the 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1914: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1794:Personal Rule 1791: 1786: 1785:royal forests 1780: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1760: 1754: 1752: 1729:8th June 1607 1727: 1722: 1720: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642:mouldy cheese 1639: 1634: 1630: 1624: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1606:D. C. Coleman 1603: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592:Captain Pouch 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1565:Social unrest 1564: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1435: 1429: 1427: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321:Queensborough 1320: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1307:Milton Bryant 1306: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233:Staffordshire 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224:Rise in rent 1211: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1126: 1120: 1116: 1109: 1102: 1100: 1085: 1083: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1042: 1034: 1027: 1018: 1014: 1007: 998: 991: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 956: 954: 950: 948: 939: 933: 931: 922: 919: 917: 913: 899: 895: 891: 888: 884: 877: 874:8 August 1845 873: 871: 867: 862: 858: 855: 853: 849: 844: 842: 838: 834: 824: 819: 812: 806: 804: 800: 796: 791: 783: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 722: 718: 710: 708: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 683: 679: 677: 673: 664: 662: 660: 655: 651: 649: 644: 641: 636: 632: 623: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 593: 584: 577: 568: 564: 557: 548: 541: 532: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 497: 493: 490: 486: 483: 480: 477: 476: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:manorial lord 456: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 435: 430: 424: 416: 414: 410: 408: 400: 395: 393: 390: 387: 384: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 357: 356: 355: 348: 347: 346: 345: 338: 335: 332: 331: 330: 329: 322: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 293: 290: 285: 279: 277: 273: 272:feudal system 269: 265: 261: 255: 247: 245: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 216: 211: 209: 204: 202: 197: 196: 194: 193: 190: 187: 186: 183: 179: 175: 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 120: 117: 116:Landed gentry 113: 109: 106: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 86: 83: 80: 79: 76: 73: 72: 69: 65: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6854: 6847: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6801:Fell farming 6351: 6327:Celtic field 6247:Crown Estate 6175:Conservation 6025:Property law 5996: 5982: 5968: 5949: 5935: 5931:Karl Polanyi 5911: 5907:Marcel Mauss 5897: 5883: 5874:David Harvey 5859: 5855:Henry George 5845: 5836:Ronald Coase 5826: 5811: 5757:wife selling 5739:bride buying 5677:repatriation 5659: 5644: 5610:Disposession 5564: 5453:Property law 5428: 5424:Forest types 5394: 5386: 5375:Applications 5305:rent-seeking 5290:Gift economy 5148:Intellectual 4964: 4945: 4926: 4914:. Retrieved 4876: 4872: 4863: 4830: 4826: 4803: 4800:Thirsk, Joan 4788:. Retrieved 4772:. Retrieved 4761:, 0520036816 4740: 4731: 4708: 4687: 4666: 4638: 4626:. Retrieved 4601: 4557: 4553: 4533: 4513:Beacon Press 4506: 4489:. Retrieved 4485:The Guardian 4483: 4460: 4441: 4422: 4403: 4373:(1): 15–35. 4370: 4366: 4347: 4312: 4293: 4274: 4249: 4245: 4226: 4209: 4187:(1): 17–42. 4184: 4178: 4150: 4146: 4127: 4102: 4098: 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4047: 4043: 4016: 3988: 3974: 3947: 3928: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3891: 3881: 3862: 3829: 3825: 3815:– via 3809: 3784: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3722: 3710:. Retrieved 3682: 3665: 3661: 3642: 3609: 3605: 3586: 3563: 3535: 3531: 3498: 3494: 3475: 3456: 3431: 3425: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3352:Coleman 1977 3347: 3340:Fairlie 2009 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3292:Toynbee 2020 3287: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3208:Polyani 2001 3203: 3191: 3164: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3104: 3077: 3050: 3038: 3026: 3002:Jackman 1916 2997: 2992:, p. 4. 2985: 2973: 2946: 2934: 2922: 2889: 2882:Chisolm 1911 2877: 2865: 2858:Overton 1996 2853: 2848:, p. 1. 2846:Overton 1996 2841: 2783: 2778:, Chapter 8. 2771: 2744: 2737:Kanzaka 2002 2732: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2672: 2643: 2616: 2604: 2557:, p. 7. 2533: 2528:, p. 4. 2521: 2497:Hatcher 1994 2492: 2480: 2468: 2441: 2429: 2422:Monbiot 1995 2377: 2335: 2306: 2245:smallholding 2235: 2214: 2202: 2189: 2100: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1964: 1916: 1782: 1764: 1750: 1728: 1724: 1715: 1680: 1672:James I 1665: 1626: 1611: 1604: 1573: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1426:D. McCloskey 1422: 1418: 1404: 1398: 1390: 1386: 1340:Bedfordshire 1310:Bedfordshire 1296:Bedfordshire 1281:Lincolnshire 1261:Coney Weston 1249:Bedfordshire 1202:G. E. Mingay 1195: 1183:Star Chamber 1178: 1160: 1148: 1137: 1131: 1118: 1114: 1098: 1088: 1079: 1065: 1060: 1052: 1046: 1015:massif from 1011:View of the 999:, Yorkshire. 997:North Riding 974: 970: 962: 960: 951: 944: 929: 924: 920: 907: 905: 870:Royal assent 787: 759: 744: 724: 684: 680: 676:depopulation 668: 659:Tudor period 656: 652: 645: 627: 598: 591: 512:Celtic field 501: 495: 457: 451: 432: 426: 411: 404: 353: 352: 343: 342: 327: 326: 317:Lincolnshire 305:Celtic field 294: 280: 257: 242: 229: 225: 224: 43: 6837:Countryfile 6823:The Archers 6402:Swing Riots 6332:Common land 6267:Legislation 6090:Agriculture 5899:Das Kapital 5786:progressive 5776:inheritance 5699:Land reform 5473:real estate 5448:Land tenure 5436:Inheritance 5364:anticommons 5300:Law of rent 5280:Game theory 5210:Information 5190:Common land 5087:Cooperative 4153:(1): 1–20. 3899:19 February 3748:1 September 3395:Martin 1986 3371:Hindle 2008 3304:Neeson 1993 3268:Mingay 2014 3198:, Part III. 3184:Hickel 2018 3019:Mingay 2014 2978:Mingay 2014 2915:Bowden 2015 2807:Turner 1986 2555:Mingay 2014 2526:Thirsk 1958 2446:Cahill 2002 2382:Mingay 2014 2355:Cahill 2002 1854:Swing Riots 1759:Calder 2009 1440:Open Field 1371:Oxfordshire 1285:before 1799 1277:23 villages 1187:Restoration 1171:bourgeoisie 1049:Thomas More 665:Legislation 508:copyholders 375:Copyholders 365:Freeholders 323:Definitions 284:Black Death 234:common land 149:Free tenant 6901:Enclosures 6895:Categories 6789:Beekeeping 6347:Dutch barn 6201:Government 6146:NFU Mutual 6030:by country 5992:Adam Smith 5879:John Locke 5543:indigenous 5538:aboriginal 5458:alienation 5153:indigenous 5143:Intangible 5057:Collective 4806:. London: 4541:Wikisource 4218:1110784622 3978:. London: 3817:Wikisource 3417:References 3407:Sharp 1980 3157:Moore 1966 3145:Moore 1966 3133:Moore 1966 3121:Moore 1966 3109:Elmes 1827 3055:Black 2004 3043:Whyte 2003 3031:Friar 2004 2870:Friar 2004 2834:Friar 2004 2776:Grant 1992 2701:Friar 2004 2689:Friar 2004 2677:Friar 2004 2665:Friar 2004 2648:Friar 2004 2597:Hoyle 1990 2538:Hooke 1988 2399:Liddy 2015 2340:Friar 2004 2299:Friar 2004 2284:Staff 2024 2260:Kettering. 2226:after the 2182:39 Eliz. 1 2174:13 Eliz. 1 1986:title deed 1660:See also: 1638:Desborough 1381:140%-167% 1367:Wendelbury 1245:Lidlington 1240:"trebled" 1221:enclosure 1125:Boyle 2003 1108:Boyle 2003 841:Long title 608:, horses, 252:See also: 142:Husbandman 101:Liege lord 82:Mesne lord 6382:Rationing 6352:Enclosure 6337:Corn Laws 6156:Openfield 6099:Companies 5893:Karl Marx 5694:Land Back 5645:Enclosure 5628:biopiracy 5566:Bergregal 5548:squatting 5322:Ownership 5236:Commodity 5215:Knowledge 5126:By nature 5082:Customary 5072:Community 4901:153930819 4855:159999424 4395:155003917 4201:155042395 3854:154462400 3687:Routledge 3634:144167728 3515:0030-8129 3383:Wood 2001 3244:Wood 1999 3196:Marx 1990 3082:Bell 1944 3070:Blum 1981 2268:Citations 2166:5 Eliz. 1 2142:27 Hen. 8 2134:25 Hen. 8 2027:Known as 1901:Range war 1830:Levellers 1783:Although 1650:Leicester 1629:Haselbech 1443:Enclosed 1355:Middlesex 1332:92%-130% 1302:90%-157% 1179:vis-a-vis 1074:More 1901 1017:Yewbarrow 979:turnpikes 805:instead. 770:heathland 755:commoners 751:13 Geo. 3 692:25 Hen. 8 672:vagabonds 602:livestock 585:=30 acres 392:Squatters 386:Cottagers 354:Villagers 344:Inclosure 328:Enclosure 313:Yorkshire 289:inflation 260:William I 230:inclosure 226:Enclosure 112:Gentleman 32:Exclosure 6880:Category 6806:Forestry 6794:June Gap 6708:Museums 6596:Tŷ unnos 6531:Crofting 6524:Shetland 6511:Scotland 6489:Cornwall 6126:Farmcare 6020:Property 5913:The Gift 5812:key work 5807:Scholars 5791:property 5748:spousal 5714:Poaching 5650:Eviction 5594:riparian 5555:Littoral 5463:easement 5441:executor 5412:literary 5337:usufruct 5285:Georgism 5165:Tangible 5160:Personal 5067:Communal 5050:By owner 5043:Property 5003:Archived 4847:20175187 4802:(1958). 4774:20 March 4759:4742314M 4728:"Surrey" 4663:(1996). 4584:44113430 4503:(1966). 4339:(1975). 4329:24545185 4069:27 April 4064:25473007 4015:(2018). 3972:(1912). 3810:Copyhold 3789:Batsford 3783:(1982). 3674:20059171 3562:(1998). 2951:Lee 2006 2311:Amt 1991 2184:. c. 2). 2126:7 Hen. 8 2118:6 Hen. 8 2110:4 Hen. 7 2088:freehold 2073:Severals 1804:See also 1756:— 1703:Boughton 1596:leveller 1511:5,058.2 1272:Doubled 1213:Village 1132:In 1770 1122:— 1105:— 1071:— 965:In 1749 935:— 852:Citation 774:downland 736:Radipole 732:1 Jas. 1 704:poll tax 567:furlongs 565:fields ( 452:in gross 448:estovers 369:yeomanry 163:Vagabond 135:Vavasour 123:Franklin 93:Overlord 18:Enclosed 6862:Hurdles 6782:Sectors 6617:Cuisine 6601:Fishing 6586:Cuisine 6553:Fishing 6543:Cuisine 6501:Fishing 6484:Cuisine 6466:England 6387:Run rig 6342:Diggers 6306:History 5828:The Law 5734:Slavery 5560:Mineral 5528:Hunting 5521:pannage 5516:Grazing 5501:Fishing 5387:Acequia 5354:Rivalry 5342:women's 5200:Digital 5182:Commons 5117:Unowned 5092:Private 4893:2121479 4592:1143513 4491:4 March 4387:2117175 4266:3091958 4167:2596510 3980:Longman 3846:2697915 3626:1880278 3552:2590476 3448:2598295 2241:statute 2035:meadow. 1818:Diggers 1683:Rushton 1598:" and " 1508:5,032.2 1505:4,987.1 1502:6,033.1 1499:5,587.0 1496:5,711.5 1437: 1351:Enfield 1293:Riseley 1265:Suffolk 1219:Date of 1216:County 1051:in his 1033:Lazonby 1013:Scafell 766:marshes 614:poultry 583:virgate 524:legumes 494:Common 484:Closes. 444:pannage 440:pasture 434:demesne 388:/cottar 248:History 174:Villein 131:Retinue 108:Esquire 6639:Unions 6548:Factor 5709:Piracy 5661:Farhud 5489:Rights 5430:Huerta 5402:Estate 5224:Theory 5205:Global 5107:Social 5097:Public 5062:Common 4971: 4952: 4933: 4916:14 May 4899: 4891: 4853: 4845: 4814: 4790:14 May 4757: 4747: 4715: 4696: 4675: 4649: 4628:14 May 4609: 4590: 4582: 4536: 4534:Utopia 4519: 4467: 4448: 4429: 4410: 4393: 4385: 4354: 4327: 4300: 4281: 4264: 4233: 4216: 4199: 4165: 4134: 4119:490748 4117: 4086: 4062: 4027: 4005:651142 4003: 3954: 3935: 3916: 3869: 3852: 3844: 3812: 3795: 3765: 3729: 3712:13 May 3693: 3672: 3649: 3632: 3624: 3593: 3574: 3568:Sutton 3550: 3523:459383 3521: 3513: 3482: 3463: 3446: 1895:Bocage 1676:Newton 1646:gibbet 1600:digger 1555:bushel 1550:Notes: 1540:Source 1488:137.3 1462:Barley 1453:Barley 1387:Source 1337:Dunton 1229:Elford 1057:said: 1054:Utopia 859:c. 118 740:Dorset 635:fallow 612:, and 606:cattle 516:Barley 462:. 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