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species the eggs overwinter and the caterpillars hatch in March or April. In a few species the caterpillars hatch when the winter rains begin in southern
California or when the summer rains begin in southeastern Arizona . In most species the moths eclose a few months after pupation, but some of the animals can overwinter as pupae. In desert species in particular, it has been documented that in captive-reared animals the pupae can survive for two to four years before the butterflies hatch. The species of the
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live. Most of these moths fly in summer and autumn. The eggs are laid in ring-shaped clusters on stems or branches of the caterpillar's host plants and overwinter. The caterpillars develop to pupation before the hot summer of the following year; most pupate in summer, so that the moths emerge in the cooler late summer and autumn. The stinging hairs of the caterpillars cause a rash when touched. The rash can last from an hour to more than a week. In favorable years, the caterpillars can appear in masses.
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populations of those species that inhabit the wide and open habitats of the Great Basin and the deserts of the southwestern United States are widely dispersed but have limited areas of high density. Some desert species are seldom found near human habitation and, being economically unimportant, are scarcely documented.
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If these animals are disturbed, they curl up and drop to the ground. This behavior protects the caterpillar from larger predators, but, when repeated by the adult, only increases the moth's vulnerability to birds or rodents. The caterpillars are prey for parasitoid flies and small wasps. Sometimes up
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The development cycle in which the eggs overwinter is probably an adaptation to the short vegetation period in the populated dry habitats. The caterpillars hatch in spring and can immediately find food of ideal quality. They complete their development before the hot and dry summer and spend it in the
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Females of all species lay their eggs in ring-shaped clusters around a branch or flower stalk of the food plant. In desert-dwelling species whose food plants are small, a clutch may contain fewer than 24 eggs, while in species that feed on shrubs, trees and herbaceous plants, the clutches contain 50
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Authoritative lists give different numbers of species, with disagreement about which variations should be counted as species, subspecies, or individual differences. Over 70 species have been named. While each proposed species name refers to a distinct type of moth, some differences are produced by
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The moths of most species are diurnal, and fly quickly in an unpredictable. uneven flight. If the animals are disturbed while sitting in their resting position, they raise their wings over their backs and bend their abdomen downwards. Species with yellow and black ringed abdomens also pulsate this
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group have a two-year life cycle in the high mountain habitats they inhabit with only a short growing season. The eggs overwinter in the first year, the pupae in the second. However, the same species develop much faster when reared under more favorable conditions. Their diapause is induced by the
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The moths can be softly or brightly colored, in shades of gray, brown, white, black, yellow and red, and are very variable in appearance even within a species. In many species, the abdomen is colored red, which may serve to warn predators. In other species, it is ringed with yellow and black. The
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in 1855. The
Finnish University and Research Network currently lists 32 species of the genus. These moths are popular with butterfly collectors because of their variable coloration and wing patterns and their unusual lifestyle, which is an adaptation to the hot and dry habitats where most species
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Initially, the caterpillars feed in groups, staying close together. Dark coloring allows them to absorb solar radiation efficiently, and the resulting increase in body temperature accelerates physiological development, particularly at higher altitudes. The caterpillars molt through at least five
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The caterpillars are black, dark red or dark brown, when they hatch. They develop species-specific color patterns as they mature. All species have stinging spines. The projections (scoli) on the back of the abdomen may consist of short tufts or groups of spines that do not have a central shaft.
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The adults of most species fly in late summer or autumn. At higher altitudes they fly earlier in the year. Most species are active during the day. The few nocturnal species are found mainly in desert areas, where they fly in early autumn when evening temperatures are still high enough. In most
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The moths are found from southern Canada, across the western and southwestern United States, including the Great Basin, to Mexico . The core of the distribution there is in the desert, chaparral and mountain areas. Although some species are rare, most may be locally common. In general, the
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environmental factors, primarily diet, rather than genetic differences. The previous (German) version of this article cited the Global
Lepidoptera Names Index, which listed 27 species, and which is no longer published online. Many US documents were based on Poole and Gentill's
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pupal stage, emerging in autumn or late summer when temperatures are milder again. Daytime activity also allows the moths to rest during the cold night, while lower temperatures are necessary to interrupt the development of the eggs.
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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group, led to the description of many species and subspecies. DNA studies suggest that most of these differences are produced by environmental factors, although the differences may be enough to inhibit crossbreeding.
442:) families, Each type of caterpillar eats a different plant. The caterpillar's diet may determine the way it looks as an adult moth. Species that inhabit dry habitats develop on the shrubby plants that dominate there.
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Scoli on the thoracic and posterior segments, on the sides, and on the back of the abdominal segments of some types, have a central shaft. This distinguishes them from the caterpillars of the closely related genus
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362:.The scoli are hollow tubes with sharp, brittle tips, each located above a venom gland comparable to a bee sting. If the tips break off and lodge in the skin, irritation may persist for a week or more.
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which listed 23 species. The
Finnish University and Research Network, whose index page traces some of these differences in taxonomic classification, currently lists 32 species.
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All species pupate among plant litter on the ground or in tufts of grass. If the caterpillars find loose soil, most of them bury themselves to a depth of 10 to 20 centimeters.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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instars, but depending on the species and the food plant, there may be six or seven. By the fourth stage, they live independently.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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https://ftp.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/bombycoidea/saturniidae/hemileucinae/hemileuca/
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predicted that only a few of the species then being named would prove to be what
Holland considered "true species."
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The wild silk moths of North
America: a natural history of the Saturniidae of the United States and Canada
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antennae of the males are bipectinate. The genitalia look similar to those of the genus
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part of their body, creating a resemblance to defensive wasps ( Müllerian mimicry ).
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940:. The Cornell series in arthropod biology. Ithaca, N.Y: Comstock Pub. Associates.
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987:"The moth book; a popular guide to a knowledge of the moths of North America,"
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Rougerie, R. & Collective of iBOL Saturniidae expert taxonomists (2009).
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The most important food plants of the caterpillars are members of the rose (
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873:"Online list of valid and available names of the Saturniidae of the World"
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Based on DNA studies, Tuskes and
Collins defined the species groups
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Tuskes, Paul M.; Tuttle, James P.; Collins, Michael M. (1996).
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duration of daylight and the corresponding hormone levels .
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The great variability of the moths, especially within the
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to 90% of the caterpillar population is parasitized.
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
991:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
98:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
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1357:Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
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919:Finnish University and Research Network.
877:Lepidoptera Barcode of Life: Saturniidae
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900:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
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812:R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
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108:You may also add the template
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324:is a genus of North American
384:Flight and caterpillar times
121:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
110:{{Translated|de|Hemileuca}}
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622:Grote & Robinson, 1868
286:Grote & Robinson, 1866
72:Machine translation, like
822:Peigler & Stone, 1989
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163:Scientific classification
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49:the corresponding article
963:Nomine Insecta Nearctica
481:Nomina Insecta Nearctica
466:Taxonomy and systematics
402:Food of the caterpillars
119:For more guidance, see
798:Hemileuca peninsularis
558:Hemileuca chinatiensis
588:Hemileuca eglanterina
156:Hemileuca eglanterina
92:copyright attribution
961:Poole, R.W. (1996).
808:Hemileuca rubridorsa
748:Hemileuca nevadensis
738:Hemileuca neumoegeni
923:. Accessed 8.30.24.
688:Hemileuca magnifica
332:first described by
1352:Bombycoidea genera
1285:This article on a
848:Hemileuca tricolor
832:(H. Edwards, 1881)
818:Hemileuca slosseri
788:Hemileuca peigleri
768:Hemileuca nuttalli
742:(H. Edwards, 1881)
728:Hemileuca mexicana
718:Hemileuca marillia
638:Hemileuca hualapai
608:Hemileuca griffini
568:Hemileuca conwayae
528:Hemileuca annulata
100:interlanguage link
1362:Saturniidae stubs
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1226:Open Tree of Life
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1045:Wikispecies
905:November 9,
511:eglanterina
472:eglanterina
446:Development
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330:Saturniidae
310:Grote, 1882
283:Pseudohazis
236:Subfamily:
230:Saturniidae
220:Lepidoptera
1341:Categories
996:2024-08-30
858:References
722:Dyar, 1911
434:), grass (
426:), sumac (
420:Asteraceae
418:), daisy (
416:Salicaceae
412:Rhamnaceae
307:Agryrauges
200:Arthropoda
1098:ButMoth:
1065:Hemileuca
1051:Hemileuca
1021:Hemileuca
894:Hemileuca
515:Moth Book
359:Automeris
349:Coloradia
321:Hemileuca
275:Euchronia
251:Hemileuca
186:Kingdom:
180:Eukaryota
140:Hemileuca
114:talk page
51:in German
18:Euchronia
1200:LepIndex
1086:BugGuide
1030:Wikidata
491:tricolor
432:Fabaceae
408:Rosaceae
375:Behavior
341:Features
266:Synonyms
226:Family:
196:Phylum:
190:Animalia
176:Domain:
90:provide
1289:of the
1252:ZooBank
1231:1067192
1179:1025544
1153:1865294
1101:13204.0
1036:Q290858
521:Species
499:electra
436:Poaceae
246:Genus:
216:Order:
210:Insecta
206:Class:
112:to the
94:in the
53:.
1291:family
1192:936004
1140:1HMLCG
969:
944:
503:burnsi
259:, 1855
257:Walker
1296:is a
1239:Plazi
1218:40089
1205:65605
1174:IRMNG
1166:82145
1127:48709
1114:92BC3
326:moths
74:DeepL
1298:stub
1287:moth
1213:NCBI
1187:ITIS
1148:GBIF
1135:EPPO
1078:7992
1073:BOLD
967:ISBN
942:ISBN
907:2018
509:and
495:maia
291:Hera
88:must
86:You
67:View
1122:EoL
1109:CoL
1091:276
1060:ADW
76:or
1343::
1254::
1241::
1228::
1215::
1202::
1189::
1176::
1163::
1150::
1137::
1124::
1111::
1088::
1075::
1062::
1047::
1032::
989:.
928:^
898:.
875:.
505:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
352:.
1329:e
1322:t
1315:v
1304:.
999:.
975:.
950:.
909:.
892:"
879:.
484:,
123:.
116:.
20:)
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