135:
25:
990:
968:
447:, was able to timidly reinitiate academic life at the beginning of the 1950s. The articles of association were reformed in 1954, new full members were elected and from 1956 on the academy started to enjoy a more settled existence both in its internal affairs and in its public conferences and open meetings (first postwar congress:
376:. The heads of the Research and Watchdog Sections are also members. Plenary sessions must be held at least once a month. Under current rules the academy has 24 full members and an unlimited number of associate members. The academy is present throughout the area where Basque is used, with a head office in
318:, 1880 and Artiñano, 1886), and it was during the first two decades of the 20th century when various entities – some scientific and others more popular ones – also emphasized the need for its immediate creation. The scientific contributions of major foreign figures (
531:
The debate arising from this new set of standard language rules (1968–1976) did not prevent it from becoming increasingly accepted in teaching, the media, and administration (1976–1983), within the context of burgeoning regional government (Statute of
Autonomy in
500:. However, many people have seen this as a weakness in the language's fight for survival in a world in which minority languages spoken in states are wiped out by the states' official language. Having been for centuries pressured on both sides by
527:
laid down the basic guidelines for achieving that objective in a systematic way (lexicon, morphology, declension and spelling). A further step was taken in 1973 with a proposal to establish a standard conjugation.
309:
in 1918, at a time when the Basque language was being proclaimed as a central cultural value to be protected and promoted. Important figures from the 19th century had already demanded the setting-up of an
512:
coming close to extinction, the academy felt the need to create a unified dialect of Basque, so as to give the language a greater chance of survival. Unified Basque was heavily based on the
496:", or Unified Basque. Basque has been usually divided into 8 different dialects, varying in their level of mutual intelligibility. The first detailed dialectical analysis was by
950:
878:
864:
815:
357:
subsequently joined (1918), with articles of association being approved and
Euskaltzaindia being legally constituted in October 1919. One year later its journal
1035:
454:
The following decade (1956–1968) coincided with a new generation of collaborators, the increasing introduction of Basque in bilingual non-state schools (
1040:
649:
416:
formulation for that aim. On the other hand, its work in that period contributed decisively to a better understanding of the language through
1030:
944:
938:
840:
533:
467:
354:
436:
408:(1919–1936), the academy managed to consolidate itself as an institution and set about its project of promoting the birth of a standard
364:
The current internal structure and organisation can be summarised as follows: the academy is governed by a ruling body composed of the
903:
791:
108:
440:
417:
331:
178:
42:
89:
46:
361:
was launched, the official organ for the publication of its rules and research work, which has survived to the present day.
61:
1015:
68:
334:, Urquijo, etc.), as well as the express demand on the part of Basque language loyalist organisations (for example,
1020:
980:
958:
784:
Das zweigeteilte
Baskenland : sprachkontakt, sprachvariation und regionale identität in Frankreich und Spanien
893:
1025:
278:
216:
75:
1010:
589:
35:
57:
599:
497:
319:
338:) created a favourable climate for the public authorities to take on the task of setting up the academy.
736:
679:
540:, 1982). Many people, however, continue to oppose the imposition of a single created dialect of Basque.
524:
298:
265:. It conducts research, seeks to protect the language, and establishes standards of use. It is known in
432:, from 1922 onwards). The journal "Euskera" is a faithful witness to the work carried out at the time.
659:
327:
212:
202:
731:
726:
701:
546:
counsels the Basque administrations wishing to officialize Basque place names. It is funded by the
154:
858:
809:
899:
846:
836:
797:
787:
634:
604:
567:
489:
409:
405:
350:
258:
716:
669:
644:
629:
624:
614:
563:
509:
501:
444:
274:
266:
82:
706:
654:
639:
505:
483:
393:
323:
314:
in defence of the language (Ulibarri, 1832; Aizkibel, 1856; d'Abbadie and
Duvoisin, 1862;
282:
262:
190:
488:
The
Euskaltzaindia has been a vocal and active advocate of the introduction of a unified
711:
696:
619:
609:
594:
579:
315:
134:
1004:
994:
741:
721:
674:
664:
584:
458:), the revival of the Basque language press and the first attempts at teaching basic
972:
761:
684:
931:
305:, 1876–1936) in the framework provided by the Congress of Basque Studies held in
24:
850:
342:
801:
513:
448:
373:
369:
830:
551:
517:
471:, the first comprehensive historical and etymological Basque dictionary.
459:
455:
425:
413:
389:
385:
365:
306:
16:
Official academic language regulatory institution for the Basque language
559:
537:
381:
311:
547:
377:
346:
162:
158:
835:. Julen Manterola, Iñaki Segurola, Gabriel Fraile, Koro Segurola. .
555:
493:
166:
226:
439:
the academy's previous activities were reduced to silence until
341:
The first initiative in this direction came from the provincial
879:"Euskal Hiztegi Historiko-Etimologikoa. Aurkezpen jardunaldia"
18:
297:
424:, 1923–1934) and far reaching surveys among speakers of the
349:, which the other three provincial governments in the
978:
956:
412:, although it was unable to provide a precise, solid
326:, Dodgson, Gavel, etc.) and from within the country (
222:
208:
196:
184:
172:
149:
141:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
832:Euskal hiztegi historiko-etimologikoa (EHHE-200)
435:In 1936 and the years which followed, under the
8:
121:
238:
863:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
814:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
133:
120:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
273:(being under the royal patronage of the
985:
963:
753:
248:group of keepers of the Basque language
895:Standard Basque. A Progressive Grammar
856:
807:
536:, 1979; Improvement of the Charter of
404:In the decade and a half prior to the
468:Euskal Hiztegi Historiko-Etimologikoa
7:
462:in Basque, among other initiatives.
437:language politics of Francoist Spain
255:Royal Academy of the Basque Language
124:Royal Academy of the Basque Language
47:adding citations to reliable sources
465:In 2019, the academy published the
271:La Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca
492:of the Basque language, known as "
14:
1036:Organizations established in 1919
829:Lakarra Andrinua, Joseba (2019).
988:
966:
126:Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca
23:
516:dialect, which had the richest
259:language regulatory institution
34:needs additional citations for
953:(Dictionary of Literary Terms)
1:
1041:Organisations based in Bilbao
951:Literatura Terminoen Hiztegia
1031:1919 establishments in Spain
945:Euskara Batuaren Eskuliburua
443:, with the collaboration of
287:Académie de la Langue Basque
128:Académie de la Langue Basque
947:(Manual of Standard Basque)
941:(General Basque Dictionary)
892:Rijk, Rudolf P. G. (2007).
418:Resurrección María de Azkue
257:) is the official academic
1057:
650:José María Sánchez Carrión
481:
939:Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia
782:Claudia, Schlaak (2014).
574:Notable past academicians
570:authorities for culture.
132:
590:Resurreccion Maria Azkue
508:, and under the rule of
380:and regional offices in
261:which watches over the
786:. Berlin. p. 51.
600:Jose Migel Barandiaran
498:Louis Lucien Bonaparte
386:Donostia-San Sebastián
320:Louis Lucien Bonaparte
279:Real Academia Española
227:Euskaltzaindia website
737:Miren Azkarate Villar
680:Jose Gontzalo Zulaika
430:Erizkizundi Irukoitza
217:Royal Spanish Academy
691:Present academicians
660:Joan Mari Torrealdai
43:improve this article
1016:Language regulators
732:Joseba Sarrionandia
702:Joxe Austin Arrieta
368:, deputy chairman,
253:; often translated
129:
525:Arantzazu Congress
299:Basque Renaissance
186:Official language
1021:Culture of France
898:. The MIT Press.
842:978-84-949787-7-7
635:Juan Mari Lekuona
605:Julio Caro Baroja
410:literary language
406:Spanish Civil War
232:
231:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1048:
1026:Basque companies
993:
992:
991:
984:
971:
970:
969:
962:
935:
934:
932:Official website
917:
916:
914:
912:
889:
883:
882:
875:
869:
868:
862:
854:
826:
820:
819:
813:
805:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
762:"Euskaltzaindia"
758:
727:Lourdes Oñederra
717:Miren Agur Meabe
670:Julio de Urquijo
645:Raimundo Olabide
630:Federiko Krutwig
625:Manex Goihenetxe
615:Balendin Enbeita
478:, unified Basque
445:Federico Krutwig
422:Morfología Vasca
275:Spanish monarchy
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
137:
130:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Euskaltzaindia"
51:
27:
19:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1011:Basque language
1001:
1000:
999:
989:
987:
979:
977:
967:
965:
957:
930:
929:
926:
921:
920:
910:
908:
906:
891:
890:
886:
877:
876:
872:
855:
843:
828:
827:
823:
806:
794:
781:
780:
776:
766:
764:
760:
759:
755:
750:
707:Bernardo Atxaga
693:
655:Hugo Schuchardt
640:Koldo Mitxelena
576:
486:
484:Standard Basque
480:
402:
394:Vitoria-Gasteiz
390:Iruñea-Pamplona
324:Hugo Schuchardt
303:Eusko Pizkundea
295:
263:Basque language
250:
247:
244:
241:
199:
187:
175:
127:
125:
123:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
976:
975:
955:
954:
948:
942:
936:
925:
924:External links
922:
919:
918:
904:
884:
870:
841:
821:
792:
774:
752:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
712:Joxe Azurmendi
709:
704:
699:
697:Luis Aranberri
692:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
620:Joshua Fishman
617:
612:
610:Joan Coromines
607:
602:
597:
595:Gorka Aulestia
592:
587:
582:
580:Gabriel Aresti
575:
572:
544:Euskaltzaindia
482:Main article:
479:
473:
401:
398:
355:Basque Country
328:Arturo Campión
316:Jose Manterola
294:
291:
235:Euskaltzaindia
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
213:Euskerazaintza
210:
206:
205:
203:Andres Urrutia
200:
197:
194:
193:
188:
185:
182:
181:
179:Basque Country
176:
174:Region served
173:
170:
169:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
122:Euskaltzaindia
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
996:
986:
982:
974:
964:
960:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
928:
927:
923:
907:
905:9780262309134
901:
897:
896:
888:
885:
880:
874:
871:
866:
860:
852:
848:
844:
838:
834:
833:
825:
822:
817:
811:
803:
799:
795:
793:9783110372397
789:
785:
778:
775:
763:
757:
754:
747:
743:
742:Mikel Zalbide
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:Laura Mintegi
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Julien Vinson
673:
671:
668:
666:
665:Antonio Tovar
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
585:Antonio Arrue
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
539:
535:
529:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:Euskara Batua
491:
485:
477:
476:Euskara Batua
474:
472:
470:
469:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
336:Eusko Esnalea
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
236:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
201:
195:
192:
189:
183:
180:
177:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
909:. Retrieved
894:
887:
873:
831:
824:
783:
777:
765:. Retrieved
756:
685:Alan R. King
543:
542:
530:
522:
487:
475:
466:
464:
453:
434:
429:
421:
420:'s studies (
403:
363:
358:
353:part of the
340:
335:
302:
296:
286:
270:
254:
234:
233:
209:Affiliations
155:Plaza Berria
150:Headquarters
105:
99:January 2017
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
322:, Van Eys,
277:, like the
1005:Categories
851:1229150630
748:References
520:heritage.
384:(Baiona),
351:peninsular
343:government
69:newspapers
911:29 August
859:cite book
810:cite book
802:895115828
767:29 August
560:Navarrese
552:Gipuzkoan
523:The 1968
514:Gipuzkoan
456:ikastolak
451:, 1956).
449:Arantzazu
374:treasurer
370:secretary
281:) and in
142:Formation
548:Biscayne
518:literary
490:standard
460:literacy
426:language
414:academic
366:chairman
293:Creation
198:Chairman
564:Spanish
556:Alavese
538:Navarre
534:Euskadi
502:Spanish
400:History
382:Bayonne
359:Euskera
312:academy
267:Spanish
242:
223:Website
83:scholar
995:France
981:Portal
959:Portal
902:
849:
839:
800:
790:
568:French
566:, and
510:Franco
506:French
378:Bilbao
347:Biscay
283:French
191:Basque
163:Biscay
159:Bilbao
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
973:Spain
441:Azkue
332:Azkue
307:Oñati
167:Spain
90:JSTOR
76:books
913:2020
900:ISBN
865:link
847:OCLC
837:ISBN
816:link
798:OCLC
788:ISBN
769:2020
504:and
392:and
372:and
239:lit.
145:1919
62:news
345:of
285:as
269:as
153:15
45:by
1007::
861:}}
857:{{
845:.
812:}}
808:{{
796:.
562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
396:.
388:,
330:,
289:.
215:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
983::
961::
915:.
881:.
867:)
853:.
818:)
804:.
771:.
428:(
301:(
251:'
245:'
237:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
