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three selectors: Dolce, Principale and Ottava. There are two inferior octaves on the left-hand side of the lower keyboard; one octave is switch-controllable for choice of a bass or acute sound. The instrument has four vibrato and three reverb settings. Later models also incorporate tremolo, percussion and repeat functions for both the upper and lower treble manuals independently. Unlike other
Compact series organs, the Compact Duo models require a separate power supply/solid-state preamp/real spring reverb unit (called the Farfisa F/AR), to which the organ connects via a multi-lead cable. Alternatively, it can be powered by a separate Farfisa TR/60 amplifier.
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octave. Some of these extended bass models have only three voices (sounds), while the later models had six voices. Early compact models including the Mini
Compact and Mini Deluxe Compact have three tone switches – dolce, principale and strings, in 16', 8' and 4' footages. Later models include 16' bass, 8' flute, oboe, strings and 4' flute and strings. The first models have removable legs which could be stored inside the bottom cover, as opposed to later models that have folding or pivoting non-removable ones.
555:
220:
328:. The relatively cheap labour in Italy, compared to the UK and US meant that Farfisa were able to produce a greater quantity of combo organs at a cheaper cost, and consequently, they were picked up by many amateur and semi-professional groups. For example, the list price of a Farfisa Mini Compact in 1966 was $ 495, compared to $ 995 of the Vox Continental a year before. Distribution in the U.S. was handled by the
509:
octaves is switch-controllable for choice of a bass or acute sound with bass note sustain and controllable bass percussion. The volume balance between bass and treble is adjustable. The
Compact Deluxe features similar controls to the Compact I, with additional voices such as the 2-2/3' footage with an independent "brilliant" tab. Later models, such as the Combo Deluxe Compact I, also include a rhythm section (
602:
534:
196:. The relatively inexpensive Italian labour allowed Farfisa to sell their products cheaper than the competition, which led to their commercial success. Popular models included the Compact series introduced in 1964, the Professional in 1967, the FAST in 1968 and the VIP in 1970. The success of Farfisa organs declined with the increased popularity of the
632:
modifiable monophonic synthesiser sounds. It was mainly sold in continental Europe. This was followed by the
Polychrome, built at the end of the 1970s. It was Farfisa's largest and most feature-rich non-organ instrument, as an analog synthesizer featuring vocal, brass, string, and percussion sections, including a built in chorus, phase, modulation and
616:, and is essentially the circuitry for a Compact-series organ in an accordion-shaped box. There are no reeds; the instrument is purely electronic. It was designed to be used in conjunction with Farfisa's amplifiers, and has a multi-pin cable that connects the controls of the accordion with the controls of the amplifier, or the F/AR
508:
Farfisa updated the
Compact range through the 1960s, adding new features, but without changing the general model name. Later Compact models, such as the Combo Compact I introduced in 1968, include two inferior octaves (one black/white, one grey/white) on the left hand side of the keyboard. One set of
504:
The
Compact Duo was introduced in 1966. It weighs 90 pounds (41 kg) and supports 49-key manuals. It features a four-octave upper keyboard with 9 selectors: 16' Bass, Strings; 8' Flute, Oboe, Trumpet, Strings; 4' Flute, Strings; 2-2/3' (Flute) and Brilliance, and a four-octave lower keyboard with
545:
The Fast 2 has a four-octave keyboard (C to C) with a one-octave manual bass on the left. There are four voice stops (flute, clarinet, reed and strings), all at 8', a two-speed vibrato and an optional swell pedal. The Fast 3 features more sounds, including 16' bass and clarinet, 8' oboe and trumpet,
541:
The FAST (Farfisa All
Silicon Transistor) Series models were first introduced in 1967, to complement the existing Combo series. As the name implies, these use silicon transistors that produced more stable tones than the germanium ones used in the Compact series. The organs are contained in a metal
403:
had become more commonplace, with the last unit being produced in 1982. The company faced increased competition from
Japanese companies and struggled to handle the departure of the Scandalli family from the company. However, Farfisa has survived into the 21st century, and the brand mainly produces
492:
The Mini
Compact is the smallest of the Compact Series, and was introduced in 1966. It has only four octaves, with no bass on the early models. The later version has a selector switch to choose bass or high sound in the lowest octave; these models have grey naturals with white sharps in the bass
631:
with a monophonic analogue synth. It features a three-octave keyboard, and separate outputs for the monophonic and polyphonic sections. The
Soundmaker was Farfisa's next non-organ instrument, with a further development of the synthesizer approach, incorporating an improved string sound and more
289:
daily. He was hoping to work for Paolo Soprani, who established the country's first accordion factory. He founded the Scandalli Brothers, who grew to employ from 400–700 people in their accordion factories. Farfisa was established in 1946, following the mergers of Settimo Soprani, Scandalli and
445:
circuitry for the reverb unit. On most single-manual models the tone controls and a bass section volume are located on an indented panel on the rear of the instrument. Underneath the keyboards, there is a knee-high lever that can be actuated for tone boost, turned on by rocker levers on the
302:(United Italian Accordion Factories), and production continued in Castelfidardo. It quickly became the world's largest supplier of accordions, making up to 180 instruments a day with over 1,600 employees. The International Accordion Museum now occupies the site of the original factory.
639:
Among the last combo organs made by Farfisa were the Bravo and Commander, released in 1980. The Commander reprised part of the design of the VIP 205 in updated form, while the lightweight and simple Bravo's sound was a move to compete with emerging portable keyboards and synthesisers.
473:
The Combo Compact has a five-octave keyboard, one of which of bass with inverse key colors, 16' bass and strings, 8' flute, oboe, trumpet and strings, 4' flute, piccolo and strings, four vibrato settings, three choices of reverb and three bass volume switches. It has a built-in
562:
The Professional series were the most sophisticated models made by Farfisa, first announced in August 1968 and designed to compete with the Hammond. Contemporary advertising emphasised that these series of instruments did not sound like other combo organs and could be used for
481:
29:
355:
transistors and were styled like the Vox Continental, including chrome stands. The Professional series appeared around the same time and included more features than earlier models. The VIP models were introduced in 1970 and included a foot-operated
623:
The Farfisa Matador was introduced in 1972. Unlike earlier instruments, it uses drawbars to select a variable amount of sound, like a Hammond. The lowest 17 keys cover the manual bass section. The Matador-M was compact version that used tabs.
323:
in 1962, Farfisa decided to quickly build a competing instrument using the technical expertise they had gained from working with Lowrey. The first model, the Combo Compact, was introduced in 1964. Production was moved to a factory in
757:". Wright started with a Combo Compact, before progressing to a Compact Duo. By 1970, he had started to use a Hammond onstage and alternated between that and the Farfisa, depending on the song. The Farfisa was last used on
546:
and with 8' and 4' flute. The Fast 4 has a larger five-octave keyboard, with an additional light / heavy vibrato option, two mixture stops and five percussion controls. The Fast 5 adds three sustain stops.
520:
transistors which tend to drift in value, and the plastic keys have tended to degrade over time, leaving cracks. Other problems include corroded contacts, leading to non-working switchings, and failing
470:
can be added to all models except the Mini-Compact. Unlike other combo organs like the Vox Continental, Farfisa Compact organs have integrated legs, which can be folded up and stored inside its base.
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After the introduction of synthesizers, Farfisa combo organs became less popular, but were revived in the late 1970s by several punk rock and new wave bands (especially those influenced by 1960s
305:
During the 1950s, after sales of accordions began to decline, Farfisa began to diversify its range of instruments including radios, televisions and musical instruments. The Microrgan, a portable
192:
manufacturers combined to form a single company. They began to produce electronic instruments in the late 1950s, and combo organs were introduced in response to similar instruments such as the
161:
in the 1960s and 1970s, including the Compact, FAST, Professional and VIP ranges, and later, a series of other keyboard instruments. They were used by a number of popular musicians, including
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and a slalom pedal. There is an optional amplifier and speaker unit, the PAS 55, that can be placed between the organ and pedals, to resemble a spinet organ. The Professional Piano was an
578:
that is placed after the main oscillators, as this was the only way to make individual controls for each voice work. The Professional Duo is a double-manual version with bass pedals, a
437:
The Compact series contains four models – Combo Compact, Mini Compact, Compact Deluxe and Compact Duo. They have 12 tone generator boards; one for each note of the scale, and use a
779:
originally used the Farfisa Compact Duo, before switching to a Professional after the band's gear was stolen. He applied his knowledge of electronics and contacts as a former
2437:
2422:
2442:
496:
2232:
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used the Farfisa as his main instrument, and included stage tricks such as playing it with a hammer. Other groups from this period using Farfisas included
395:. In response, Farfisa advertised that its latest organs at that point could emulate a Hammond and had a full set of drawbars. The American conglomerate
2432:
309:, was released in 1958; it used an electric fan to blow air across the reeds. Two years later, the company developed the Cordovox accordion with
1006:
keyboard or controller. It emulates the Combo Compact and the Compact Duo, along with a number of effects boxes and amplifier simulations. The
458:. There are two jack outputs, the second of which is optional and can be used to send the bass through a different amplifier. There is also a
2177:
2158:
2139:
1808:
1730:
1002:
The sound of a Farfisa has been hard to accurately synthesise. In 2016, Arturia released a Farfisa V audio plugin that can be played using a
336:, and the instruments were originally known as CMI organs when introduced there. This design was copied for later combo organs such as the
208:, and the final models were produced in the early 1980s. The company has survived, and Farfisa is now a consumer electronics manufacturer.
1959:
978:
used various Farfisa organs extensively throughout their career, beginning with a Bravo model they found cheaply in a second-hand store.
238:
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1755:
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cabinet covered with a skin plate and plastic edges, chrome folding legs, retractable carrying handles, and a removable music rack.
237:
466:-impedance headphones. Though advertised as a "transistorised" model, the spring reverb tank is valve-driven. An optional 13-note
429:
795:. He later started using a Hammond organ as an additional instrument. The Professional was retired after the group's 1972 split.
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to generate the remaining notes. Unlike later organs, the Compact series is not fully transistorised, and includes high-voltage
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2003:
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in rock groups during the 1970s, and in response the company produced models that could emulate a Hammond, and introduced
412:, which makes and distributes systems for video intercoms, access control, video surveillance, and home automation. The
399:
became a major controlling interest in 1968. Production of combo organs began to be phased out in the late 1970s, after
803:
586:. There were two different models, whose main difference was the location of the split point between bass and treble.
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effectively. The instruments included sustain, eight different footages, a variety of percussion and vibrato options.
329:
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333:
2151:
Analog Synthesizers : Understanding, Performing, Buying--From the Legacy of Moog to Software Synthesis
2336:
684:
522:
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The Professional (Model PP/222 and PP/221) contains a single keyboard with grey keys. The vibrato uses a
2299:
828:
554:
265:
806:'s first keyboard with the group was a Farfisa Compact, before switching to a Vox and then a Hammond.
1863:
919:
822:
began using Farfisa organs with his ensemble in the late 1960s. A Mini-Compact was played by him and
281:
in early 20th-century Italy. Silvio Scandalli started making these instruments by hand, commuting to
229:
371:
By the late 1960s, major groups had moved on from combo organs and started to prefer the sound of a
1433:
723:, can be heard playing the Farfisa on numerous southern soul recordings from the 1960s, including "
589:
The VIP-series organs were announced in 1970, which included a "Synthe-Slalom" foot pedal used for
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1804:
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392:
360:. At the height of its production, Farfisa operated three factories to produce instruments in
204:
and synthesisers. The Farfisa brand name saw a brief revival in the late 1970s as part of the
2029:
1909:
1801:
Van der Graaf Generator, The Book: A History of the Band Van der Graaf Generator 1967 to 1978
866:". He called the Farfisa "the worst organ sound possible" and used it in order to sound like
627:
In 1975, Farfisa introduced the Stereo Syntorchestra synthesiser, that combined a polyphonic
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2241:
1985:
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583:
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201:
158:
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525:. The design of the instrument makes it difficult to access components and service them.
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1373:
1024:
936:
863:
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376:
205:
178:
112:
108:
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regularly used the Professional and Professional Piano. The Syntorchestra was used by
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The line of FAST (Farfisa All-Silicon Transistorized) organs was launched at the 1968
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1777:
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The Compact series has caused reliability problems for later collectors. It features
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28:
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513:) of brush cymbal and drum. The final Compact models were manufactured in 1969.
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126:
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39:
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763:(1973), but Wright reintroduced it to his keyboard setup on David Gilmour's
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313:, which combined accordion reeds with electronically generated sounds.
157:, Italy, founded in 1946. The company manufactured a series of compact
1520:
862:
used the Farfisa on several early recordings, including the 1972 hit "
667:
One of the first rock organists to play and spotlight the Farfisa was
2195:
The Farfisa Professional Site, 1968-1976 products,bands,videos,photos
2194:
1570:
852:
711:
upgraded from a Vox Continental to a Farfisa, but he actually used a
617:
365:
270:
2210:
832:; Glass is still in possession of his original Farfisa as of 2018.
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1413:
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1300:"FARFISA: videocitofonia, telefonia, controllo accessi, sicurezza"
1220:
1218:
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2214:
1864:"Philip Glass on Twitter: "Original 50 year old Farfisa organ""
741:'s early sound, and was his main instrument on the albums from
780:
463:
1723:
Pink Floyd and Philosophy – Careful with that Axiom, Eugene!
1261:
1259:
218:
1910:"How Elton John conjured up his past with "Crocodile Rock""
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900:(1973) features a Farfisa organ as one of the instruments.
1434:"Combo Organ Heaven : Farfisa Compact – Mini Compact"
454:-driven swell pedal, instead of the later and more common
1648:
1646:
984:
used a Farfisa organ on the song "Misery" from the album
691:". Other groups using Farfisas around this time included
351:. These superseded the earlier Compact models based on
2128:
Classic Keys: Keyboard Sounds That Launched Rock Music
2030:"Laetitia Sadier & Tim Gane: Stereolab and Beyond"
783:
engineer to customise it with a variety of additional
683:" in 1965. In 1967, it was the main instrument in the
814:
played a Farfisa Professional, as seen at their 1969
64:
Merged from Settimo Soprani, Scandalli and Frontalini
277:
The background to Farfisa was the popularity of the
2418:
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Italy
462:output jack, but it designed for now-obsolete 2000
90:
79:
68:
60:
45:
35:
1062:The Institute for Education in International Media
970:'s main instrument was a Farfisa Compact Duo. The
753:(1969), as well as live performances, such as on "
719:, the house organist of Alabama recording studio
379:, which were used by contemporary groups such as
290:Frontalini, whose businesses had suffered during
1803:. Phil and Jim Publishers. pp. 27, 36, 81.
1708:
1507:
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1357:
1340:
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1097:
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537:Farfisa Fast 2 plugged to an Vox AC-10 Tube amp
2058:(Media notes). Adeline Records. 2014. 1-47613.
1831:(Media notes). Virgin. 2000. 7243-8-49900-2-2.
826:on some of Glass' early recordings, including
2226:
1986:"Cabaret Voltaire – Biography – Amoeba Music"
1748:Inside Out – A Personal History of Pink Floyd
675:", who played a Combo Compact with his group
416:group owns the rights for Farfisa keyboards.
298:Fabbriche Riunite Fisarmoniche Italiane S.p.A
295:
8:
153:) is a manufacturer of electronics based in
21:
188:The company was formed after three Italian
2233:
2219:
2211:
2096:"Nord Keyboards Vox & Farfisa Library"
1750:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 130.
1625:"Farfisa Syntorchestra String Synthesizer"
1428:
1426:
1328:
1316:
1265:
1189:
1164:
836:featured four Farfisa organs in his piece
27:
20:
2438:Electronics companies established in 1946
951:. Numerous songs by the Industrial group
2423:Electronic organ manufacturing companies
2126:Lenhoff, Alan; Robertson, David (2019).
1582:
1580:
1946:
1934:
1799:Christopulos, Jim; Smart, Phil (2005).
1780:. 22 March 2019. Event occurs at 12:40
1652:
1611:
1042:
1368:
1366:
955:use Farfisa drum machines and organs.
737:'s use of the Farfisa was integral to
255:
2443:Italian companies established in 1946
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
244:A Farfisa Compact (here sampled on a
7:
2004:"Red Carpets treatment for musician"
767:, featured on the Pink Floyd song "
294:. The company was officially named
2168:Vail, Mark; Carson, Barry (2000).
1960:"Blondie is a stylish 40-year-old"
660:'s Farfisa Compact Duo, used with
340:. The organs also had a flip-down
316:Following the introduction of the
14:
1829:Van Der Graaf Generator - The Box
150:Fabbriche Riunite di Fisarmoniche
1843:"Interview with Michael Riesman"
256:Problems playing this file? See
234:
16:Italian electronics manufacturer
2132:University of North Texas Press
550:Professional Series (1968–1975)
488:'s Farfisa Combo Compact Deluxe
2433:Electronics companies of Italy
1885:"Four Organs / Phase Patterns"
1010:includes a Farfisa emulation.
855:playing a Farfisa Professional
744:The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
1:
1058:"The industrious Fisarmonica"
912:on several albums, including
755:Careful with That Axe, Eugene
1773:Echoes (Remember That Night)
1709:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1508:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1418:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1399:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1387:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1358:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1341:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1225:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1140:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1125:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1113:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1098:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1083:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
72:Music division purchased by
1725:. Open Court. p. 109.
679:, who had their first hit "
344:displaying the brand name.
330:Chicago Musical Instruments
2464:
990:, played by their bassist
721:Muscle Shoals Sound Studio
620:preamp power supply unit.
558:Farfisa Professional Piano
500:Tabs for the Combo Compact
425:Compact Series (1964–1968)
385:Emerson, Lake & Palmer
332:Company, which also owned
2428:Companies based in Marche
2387:
2248:
2205:History of Farfisa Organs
1825:The Organs of Hugh Banton
922:played the instrument on
868:Johnny and the Hurricanes
760:The Dark Side of the Moon
408:systems with the company
26:
2153:. Taylor & Francis.
812:Sly and the Family Stone
725:When a Man Loves a Woman
701:Country Joe and the Fish
450:. The series features a
167:Country Joe and the Fish
2349:Kienle Resonator System
1721:Reisch, George (2011).
777:Van der Graaf Generator
703:. Some sources suggest
689:Incense and Peppermints
529:FAST Series (1968–1971)
523:electrolytic capacitors
2200:The Farfisa Organ Page
2149:Jenkins, Mark (2009).
1670:Vintage Synth Explorer
1571:"Farfisa Professional"
1546:"Farfisa Professional"
1329:Vail & Carson 2000
1317:Vail & Carson 2000
1266:Vail & Carson 2000
1190:Vail & Carson 2000
1165:Vail & Carson 2000
856:
818:performance. Composer
685:Strawberry Alarm Clock
664:
606:
559:
538:
501:
489:
434:
296:
274:
223:
148:
2300:Fender Contempo Organ
1914:Ultimate Classic Rock
1459:"Farfisa Compact Duo"
1376:. Combo Organ Heaven.
1279:"ACI FARFISA website"
851:
829:Einstein on the Beach
804:Ron "Pigpen" McKernan
656:
609:The Transicord was a
604:
576:phase shifter circuit
557:
536:
499:
484:
433:Farfisa Combo Compact
432:
268:
230:Farfisa Compact Organ
222:
117:Musical instruments:
103:Historical products:
22:ACI Farfisa keyboards
2170:Vintage Synthesizers
1746:Mason, Nick (2004).
1666:"Farfisa Polychrome"
2070:"Arturia Farfisa V"
2056:Green Day – Warning
1401:, pp. 182–183.
1331:, pp. 254–255.
1085:, pp. 178–179.
878:used a Farfisa on "
375:with an overdriven
23:
2392:Keyboard amplifier
2322:Eminent 310 Unique
2172:. Backbeat Books.
1614:, pp. 99–100.
1592:Combo Organ Heaven
1588:"Farfisa – Others"
1550:Combo Organ Heaven
1525:Combo Organ Heaven
1488:Combo Organ Heaven
1463:Combo Organ Heaven
1438:Combo Organ Heaven
1389:, p. 181,184.
1374:"Farfisa: Spinets"
935:and psychedelia).
885:Houses of the Holy
857:
816:Woodstock Festival
665:
614:electric accordion
607:
605:Farfisa Transicord
560:
539:
502:
490:
435:
275:
224:
2405:
2404:
2242:Electronic organs
2179:978-0-879-30603-8
2160:978-1-136-12278-1
2141:978-1-57441-776-0
2008:Evening Chronicle
1810:978-0-9551337-0-1
1732:978-0-812-69745-2
1484:"Farfisa Compact"
1244:on 21 August 2012
1027:released in 1980.
920:Manuel Göttsching
697:The Blues Project
439:frequency divider
368:region of Italy.
292:World War II
239:
206:new wave movement
202:electronic pianos
159:electronic organs
138:
137:
119:electronic organs
2455:
2258:Clonewheel organ
2235:
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1854:
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1396:
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1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1240:. Archived from
1238:"Entry: Farfisa"
1234:
1228:
1222:
1193:
1187:
1168:
1162:
1143:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
964:Inspiral Carpets
959:Later recordings
953:Cabaret Voltaire
925:New Age of Earth
693:The Blues Magoos
584:electronic piano
569:rhythm and blues
301:
269:Farfisa made in
241:
240:
221:
56:
54:
31:
24:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2383:
2310:Vox Continental
2244:
2239:
2207:(archived 2010)
2191:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2161:
2148:
2142:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1964:Chicago Tribune
1958:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1889:Jazz Messengers
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1521:"Farfisa: FAST"
1519:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1304:www.farfisa.com
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1196:
1188:
1171:
1163:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1034:
1016:
1000:
961:
872:John Paul Jones
846:
824:Michael Riesman
669:Domingo Samudio
651:
646:
629:string ensemble
599:
552:
531:
468:bass pedalboard
427:
422:
349:NAMM Convention
318:Vox Continental
263:
262:
254:
252:
251:
250:
249:
242:
235:
232:
225:
219:
214:
194:Vox Continental
113:television sets
109:radio receivers
52:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2448:Italian brands
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2397:Leslie speaker
2394:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2189:External links
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2165:
2159:
2146:
2140:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2087:
2076:. October 2016
2074:Sound on Sound
2061:
2047:
2021:
1995:
1990:www.amoeba.com
1977:
1966:. 25 June 2015
1951:
1939:
1937:, p. 245.
1927:
1901:
1876:
1855:
1834:
1816:
1809:
1791:
1763:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1713:
1711:, p. 178.
1682:
1657:
1655:, p. 100.
1642:
1631:. 6 March 2018
1616:
1604:
1576:
1562:
1537:
1512:
1510:, p. 186.
1500:
1475:
1450:
1422:
1420:, p. 188.
1403:
1391:
1379:
1362:
1360:, p. 181.
1345:
1343:, p. 184.
1333:
1321:
1319:, p. 256.
1309:
1291:
1270:
1268:, p. 251.
1255:
1229:
1227:, p. 192.
1194:
1192:, p. 255.
1169:
1167:, p. 254.
1144:
1142:, p. 189.
1129:
1127:, p. 177.
1117:
1115:, p. 180.
1102:
1100:, p. 179.
1087:
1075:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1015:
1012:
999:
996:
960:
957:
864:Crocodile Rock
845:
842:
785:effects pedals
735:Richard Wright
717:Spooner Oldham
658:Richard Wright
650:
647:
645:
642:
598:
595:
551:
548:
530:
527:
426:
423:
421:
418:
377:Leslie speaker
253:
243:
233:
228:
227:
226:
217:
216:
215:
213:
210:
136:
135:
134:
133:
115:
101:
100:
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2460:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:Hammond organ
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Nord C Series
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2102:. 29 May 2011
2101:
2100:Audio Fanzine
2097:
2091:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1949:, p. 99.
1948:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1916:. 19 May 2019
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1778:David Gilmour
1775:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1757:0-297-84387-7
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:(in Italian).
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1023:", a song by
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
956:
954:
950:
949:Talking Heads
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
926:
921:
917:
916:
911:
910:Klaus Schulze
907:
906:Irmin Schmidt
903:
899:
898:
897:Tubular Bells
893:
892:Mike Oldfield
889:
887:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
850:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Grateful Dead
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
663:
659:
655:
648:
644:Notable users
643:
641:
637:
635:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
612:
603:
596:
594:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
556:
549:
547:
543:
535:
528:
526:
524:
519:
514:
512:
506:
498:
494:
487:
483:
479:
477:
476:spring reverb
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:potentiometer
453:
452:photoresistor
449:
444:
440:
431:
424:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Hammond organ
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
343:
342:modesty panel
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
319:
314:
312:
308:
303:
300:
299:
293:
288:
284:
283:Castelfidardo
280:
272:
267:
261:
259:
247:
231:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:Hammond organ
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
107:Electronics:
106:
105:
104:
98:
95:
94:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
48:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
2374:Telharmonium
2359:Organ makers
2354:Lowrey organ
2305:Gibson G-101
2294:
2169:
2150:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2104:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2055:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2010:. 3 May 2003
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1954:
1947:Jenkins 2009
1942:
1935:Jenkins 2009
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1913:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1837:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1800:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1772:
1766:
1747:
1741:
1722:
1716:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1653:Jenkins 2009
1633:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
1612:Jenkins 2009
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1394:
1382:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1273:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1232:
1120:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1061:
1036:
1035:
1021:Farfisa Beat
1001:
985:
980:
962:
941:Jimmy Destri
930:
923:
913:
895:
890:
883:
880:Dancing Days
876:Led Zeppelin
858:
827:
820:Philip Glass
797:
787:, including
758:
748:
742:
733:
729:Percy Sledge
713:Gibson G-101
709:Ray Manzarek
677:The Pharaohs
673:Sam the Sham
671:, known as "
666:
638:
626:
622:
608:
597:Later models
588:
573:
561:
544:
540:
515:
511:drum machine
507:
503:
491:
486:Kate Pierson
472:
436:
409:
401:synthesizers
397:Lear Siegler
370:
346:
338:Gibson G-101
315:
304:
297:
276:
187:
163:Sam the Sham
149:
140:
139:
127:synthesizers
123:combo organs
102:
80:Headquarters
18:
2369:Riha Adagio
2290:Doric Organ
2285:Combo organ
2278:Roland VK-8
2273:Roland VK-7
2253:Chord organ
1970:27 February
1920:27 February
1629:MatrixSynth
933:garage rock
838:Four Organs
834:Steve Reich
773:Hugh Banton
681:Wooly Bully
580:swell pedal
410:ACI Farfisa
389:Deep Purple
326:Aspio Terme
321:combo organ
40:Electronics
2412:Categories
2364:Philicorda
2342:Organ trio
1032:References
1008:Nord Stage
998:Emulations
992:Mike Dirnt
968:Clint Boon
945:The B-52's
860:Elton John
789:distortion
747:(1967) to
739:Pink Floyd
662:Pink Floyd
634:aftertouch
611:transistor
591:pitch bend
393:Uriah Heep
358:pitch bend
307:reed organ
258:media help
246:Nord Stage
171:Pink Floyd
131:accordions
2379:Tonewheel
2327:Guitorgan
2263:Korg CX-3
1869:11 August
1848:11 August
1443:28 August
1284:29 August
1248:29 August
1037:Citations
982:Green Day
976:Stereolab
972:Post-rock
894:'s album
808:Sly Stone
765:2006 tour
750:Ummagumma
705:The Doors
518:germanium
460:headphone
353:germanium
279:accordion
190:accordion
183:the B-52s
175:Sly Stone
2317:Electone
2106:25 March
2080:25 March
2040:30 March
2014:23 March
1894:16 March
1784:23 March
1675:27 March
1635:30 March
1597:16 March
1555:24 March
1530:16 March
1014:See also
915:Moondawn
687:'s hit "
478:system.
414:Bontempi
406:intercom
362:Camerano
97:Intercom
91:Products
74:Bontempi
36:Industry
2295:Farfisa
2119:Sources
2034:Tape Op
1493:6 April
1468:6 April
1068:3 April
1025:Squeeze
987:Warning
937:Blondie
882:" from
793:phasing
448:console
364:in the
273:, Italy
212:History
179:Blondie
145:Italian
141:Farfisa
86:, Italy
61:Founder
51: (
46:Founded
2176:
2157:
2138:
2036:. 2013
1807:
1754:
1729:
1064:. 2006
974:group
853:Sun Ra
769:Echoes
618:Reverb
420:Models
366:Marche
334:Gibson
311:Lowrey
287:Ancona
271:Ancona
181:, and
99:system
844:1970s
810:from
775:from
727:" by
649:1960s
155:Osimo
84:Osimo
2337:List
2174:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2108:2022
2082:2022
2042:2022
2016:2022
1972:2021
1922:2021
1896:2022
1871:2020
1850:2020
1805:ISBN
1786:2022
1752:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1677:2022
1637:2022
1599:2022
1557:2022
1532:2022
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