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930:. The treaty offered the rebels a full amnesty, full incorporation into the imperial army and the choice of the next provincial president. All the debts of the Riograndense Republic were paid off by the Empire and a tariff of 25% was introduced on imported charque. The Riograndense and Juliana Republics remained in the
1015:
In the years before the
Ragamuffin War, the indigenous people were seen as a subdivision of the free population and performed the same jobs white and free men performed as livestock and war activities. The most famous village is called São Nicolau and is located in Rio Pardo, consisting of indigenous
993:
Southern
Freemasonry, tending to republican ideals, had an essential role in the directions taken, and many of the Ragamuffin leaders were its adherents, among them, Bento Gonçalves da Silva, with the codename Sucre. Bento organized other Masonic lodges in the territory of Rio Grande do Sul, which he
851:
or
Piratini Republic on 11 September 1836, with Bento Gonçalves as president nominee. However, Gonçalves was arrested and jailed by imperial forces until he escaped in 1837, returning to the province and bringing the revolution to a head. Nonetheless, Porto Alegre was recaptured by the empire and the
1150:
Afro-Brazilian people during the
Ragamuffin War were fundamental and had an active participation throughout the entire conflict. It is estimated that, in all, they would represent approximately one-third to one-half of the republican army and later, they were integrated into the ragtag groups in the
1043:
Indigenous participation in the
Ragamuffin troops was heterogeneous. As mentioned before, some indigenous individuals were arrested due to disobedience to the orders of their superiors, which indicates that they probably did not occupy a prestigious space within the military hierarchy. However, some
1096:
by
Augusto Tasso Fragoso) comment on the indigenous presence in the troops of General Bento Manoel Ribeiro. Among these books, the one that has a more comprehensive commentary is Fragoso's, where, in his description of the victory of Bento Manoel's loyalist troops in the combat of Passo do Rosário,
1109:
It is possible that, even in such early years of XIX century, the indigenous population was almost nonexistent in the region, as a result of ethnic cleansing taken into effect against
Charruas, Guenoas and Minuanos by orders of Montevideo and the earlier spanish rule on previous decades. Guaranies
1039:
Both in the campaign and the areas under the administration of the
Ragamuffin rebels, there was difficulty in recruiting people to fight in the war, and one solution to increase the military contingent was to resort to the voluntary engagement of indigenous people. They performed different tasks,
1056:
A research done at the UFRGS Central
Library collection found only eight books that mentioned the indigenous presence in the Ragamuffin War among more than 50 works. Among the eight works, four talked about the murder of the Ragamuffin leader João Manoel de Lima e Silva by the indigenous captain
1019:
Like the blacks, the indigenous people actively participated in the
Ragamuffin War from the first to the last day. Although the indigenous presence in the conflict is scarce in the historiography of the Ragamuffin War, through the analysis of letters exchanged between the military, the strategic
1027:
However, the fact that the indigenous people participated in the war does not mean that they supported the cause, whether Ragamuffin or imperial, in its entirety. Several indigenous people were arrested after deserting their posts in the army or arguing with the leaders of the troops. Among the
1052:
Despite the immense amount of bibliography on the Ragamuffin War, there is still a lack of works that report the presence of indigenous people in the conflict. These remain obscured to this day in the historiographical production of the Ragamuffin War, even though, in official documents, their
1023:
Another historical evidence that indirectly points to the presence of Indians in the war is the population change in indigenous villages during the war period. In the village of Capela de Santa Maria, there was a sharp demographic drop during the war. The same happened with the village of São
747:
The uprising is believed to have begun due to the difference between the economy of Rio Grande do Sul and the rest of the country. Unlike the other provinces, the economy of Rio Grande do Sul focused on the internal market rather than exporting commodities. The province's main product,
1024:
Nicolau, which also witnessed a demographic change with the predominance of older people and children in the village as men in adulthood went to war. The villages of São Vicente and Santa Isabel lasted less than three years due to the effects of the war.
1189:. In addition to being soldiers and great defenders of the rags, the Afro-Brazilians also worked as drovers, messengers, campeiros and helped in the manufacture of gunpowder and in the cultivation of tobacco and yerba mate, appreciated by the group.
1201:
reorganized itself to be a proper fighting force during the Ragamuffin War. The military would be able to defeat insurgencies that rose up during the Imperial Era of Brazil. However, this reformed military would prove disastrous against the
875:, which was taken by the rebels but fell back into imperial hands after four months. It was in this struggle that Garibaldi gained his first military experience and got on the road leading to his becoming the famed military leader of the
816:
The Brazilian Army had a number of problems at the time and was not able to handle the secessionist threat. Through military reforms, the mass recruitment of civilians was made possible and they were able to quell the rebels in 1845.
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2295:
1101:
and, lists in a footnote, that in Bento Manoel's forces during the Fanfa battle, an infantry unit, and a lancer unit was coming from the missions and, therefore, presenting a high probability of being composed of
700:, maintaining connections with both Uruguayan leaders as well as independent Argentine provinces such as Corrientes and Santa Fe. It even expanded to the Brazilian coast, in Laguna, with the proclamation of the
781:
was nominated president of Rio Grande do Sul and at first, his appointment pleased the liberal farmers, but that soon changed. On his first day in the office, he accused many farmers of being separatists.
1028:
motivations for enlistment, the possibility of obtaining uniforms and weapons stands out; since, in cases of desertion, the indigenous people took the clothes and weapons they had received with them.
1174:, with the promise of liberation after the victory of the Ragamuffins. At first, they were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Joaquim Pedro Soares, later they were led by Major Joaquim Teixeira Nunes.
618:
66:
512:
1840:
1002:
Their imperial troops were called, by the ragamuffins, caramurus or camels, a jocular term generally applied to members of the Restoration Party in the Imperial Parliament.
871:, which adjoined Rio Grande do Sul. Without an appropriate port for their newborn republican navy, the revolutionaires aimed for one of the main cities of Santa Catarina,
1785:
Carvalho, Ana Paula Comin de (2005). "O memorial dos lanceiros negros: disputas simbólicas, configurações de identidades e relações interétnicas no Sul do Brasil".
2325:
1151:
cavalry or infantry. The first was created on 12 September 1836 and the second on 31 August 1838 respectively. On 31 August 1838, 426 combatants joined the army.
445:
1081:, by Artur Ferreira Filho (1958)). while the authors remember Lima e Silva as "noble" and "brave", Roque Faustino is characterized as "immoral" and "dishonest".
1044:
indigenous people held high positions and even leadership positions, such as Roque Faustino, a captain in the Ragamuffin army and executed as a prisoner of war.
670:
908:
831:
433:
1494:
1876:
1609:
2093:
505:
83:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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in April 1836. The groups were composed of Afro-Brazilians and freed slaves, indigenous, mestizos and escaped slaves from other countries, mainly
91:
793:, beginning an uprising against the perceived unfair trade reinforced by the provincial government. The provincial president fled to the city of
2117:
1110:
were almost extinct after the taking of Misiones Orientales by the portuguese in 1801, which many who fled to the other band of Uruguay River.
1479:
1036:
Although the indigenous people fought on both sides, their presence in the Ragamuffin troops is more documented than in the imperial forces.
1040:
among which we can highlight the training of horses and fighting on the battlefield, and many did them without receiving any remuneration.
2320:
2070:
1584:
778:
1849:
1154:
They were recruited from among peasant slaves and tamers from Serra dos Tapes and Serra do Herval, located between the municipalities of
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was one of the demands of the Farrapos movement. Many slaves organized troops during the Ragamuffin War, the most famous of which is the
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2110:
2083:
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Over time, the revolution acquired a separatist character and influenced separatist movements throughout the entire country such as the
498:
1263:, a series of novels written by Érico Verissimo, which became the drama, as well as the soap opera and the miniseries of the same name.
1631:
1418:
1397:
1373:
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1911:
1837:
1758:"Nossos heróis não morreram": um estudo antropológico sobre formas de "ser negro" e de "ser gaúcho" no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
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2003:
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1915:
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Dorneles, Laura de Leão. "Risorgimento e Revolução: Luigi Rossetti e os ideais de Giuseppe Mazzini no movimento farroupilha".
104:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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981:'s house. Lima e Silva's home also worked as the headquarters of Sociedade Continentino, the editor of the newspaper called
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On 24 October 1833, the Ragamuffins promoted an uprising against the installation of the Military Society in Porto Alegre.
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concluded with the signing of the Green Poncho Treaty (Portuguese: Tratado de Poncho Verde) between the two sides, in
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A Epopéia Farroupilha: pequena história da Grande Revolução, acompanhada de farta documentação da época: 1835–1845
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In 1832 the Ragamuffin Party was founded by Lieutenant Luís José dos Reis Alpoim, deported from Rio de Janeiro to
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1993:
1983:
1978:
1862:
1225:, written in the state constitution, also known as "Gaúcho Day", one of the most important holidays of the state.
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battle plans, and reports, it is possible to verify that the presence of this group was fundamental for the war.
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770:. The people that benefited from these markets were called "Gaúchos", nomadic cowhands and farmers who lived in
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their new president. Responding to the situation and further upsetting the rebels, the Brazilian regent,
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2088:
1514:"O fortalecimento do Estado Imperial através do recrutamento militar no contexto da Guerra dos Farrapos"
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666:. The war ended with an agreement between the two sides known as the Treaty of Poncho Verde in 1845.
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457:
1946:
797:, 334 km (208 mi) to the south. In Porto Alegre, the rebels, also known as "ragamuffins" (
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1696:'Um só não escapa de pegar em armas': as populações indígenas na Guerra dos Farrapos (1835–1845)".
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and his education in the art of guerilla warfare with Luigi Rossetti during the Ragamuffin War.
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813:, appointed a new provincial president, who was forced to take office in exile in Rio Grande.
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1732:"A imagem do índio na historiografia tradicional sobre a Revolução Farroupilha (1835–1845)"
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Afro-Brazilians played a prominent role in national confrontations, such as the capture of
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As a goodwill gesture, the rebels chose Lima e Silva as the next provincial president.
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1378:. ("Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-state").
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1138:"), a formation of former and freed slaves which served the Riograndense Republic as
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879:. The rebel forces were also aided financially and indirect military support by the
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All of those who revolted against the imperial government were called Ragamuffins (
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The rebels refused an offer of amnesty in 1840. In 1842, they issued a Republican
1776:. Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul. Gabinete do Deputado Raul Carrion.
1745:"Fontes de pesquisa e participação indígena na Revolução Farroupilha (1835/1845)"
1363:
1093:
A Revolução Farroupilha (1835–1845) – Narrativa Sintética das Operações Militares
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presence, both on the imperial side and the farrago side has never been hidden.
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911:
take command of Imperial forces in the area, and try to negotiate a settlement.
918:
Declaration of the Brazilian Government announcing the end of the war, in 1845.
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1155:
1734:. In: XXII Salão de Iniciação Científica da UFRGS. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, p. 1.
2159:
767:
1806:
1434:
145:
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1497:, Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute Magazine, Volume 23, 1860.
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Portuguese: Guerra dos Farrapos, Revolução Farroupilha, Decênio Heroico.
17:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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On 1 March 1845, the peace negotiations led by Lima e Silva and
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Sant'ana, Elma, "Bento e Garibaldi na Revolução Farroupilha",
1474:(illustrated ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 43.
756:(dried and salted beef), suffered badly from competition from
29:
1471:
For La Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America
2296:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of South America
178:(9 years, 5 months, 1 week and 2 days)
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had the intention of creating a political union with the
805:) after the fringed leather worn by the gaúchos, elected
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he emphasizes the existence of infantry composed of 80
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as a last attempt to maintain power. The same year saw
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a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
1824:
A revolução farroupilha in: Enciclopédia Rio-grandense
730:, annihilated in a surprise attack in 1844 known as
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2011:
2002:
1954:
1892:
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18, Memorial do Rio Grande do Sul (electronic ed.).
774:. The Gaúchos also lived in Argentina and Uruguay.
638:, was a Republican uprising that began in southern
1567:Encyclopedia of Latin American Studies and Culture
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1355:
1353:
1551:. London, New York etc.: Longmans, Green and Co.
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1247:
1235:, a 2013 Brazilian film, follows the arrival of
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1838:A review of Farroupilha Week in modern RS state
1647:(electronic ed.). Memorial do Rio Grande do Sul
1066:O Sentido e o Espírito da Revolução Farroupilha
215:are dissolved and reintegrated into the Empire.
138:
1078:História Geral do Rio Grande do Sul: 1503–1957
1060:História da República Rio-Grandense: 1834–1845
785:On 20 September 1835, general Bento Gonçalves
98:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
27:1835–45 Republican uprising in southern Brazil
1870:
506:
8:
1774:Os Lanceiros Negros na Revolução Farroupilha
1747:. In: Salão UFRGS. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, p.1.
1692:Neumann, Eduardo Santos (18 December 2014).
1495:Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute
2197:
2066:
2008:
1877:
1863:
1855:
1826:(in Portuguese). Canoas: Editora Regional.
513:
499:
491:
135:
1548:Garibaldi's defence of the Roman Republic
1529:
987:, which strongly criticized the Empire.
654:in 1835. The rebels were led by generals
1411:Dicionário da escravidão negra no Brasil
662:with the support of the Italian fighter
617:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1349:
1329:
1608:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1601:
1560:
1558:
1429:
1427:
867:, the revolution spread north through
696:It was inspired by the recently ended
2326:Separatist rebellion-based civil wars
1768:
1766:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1714:10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2014.89008
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1655:
1653:
863:, who joined the rebels in 1836, and
176:20 September 1835 – 1 March 1845
110:{{Translated|pt|Guerra dos Farrapos}}
7:
1512:Ribeiro, José Iran (December 2011).
1016:people from the eastern reductions.
843:Pushing to consolidate their power,
2210:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
1545:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1907).
1069:, by J. P. Coelho de Souza (1945);
994:had been allowed to do since 1833.
852:rebels never managed to regain it.
1390:Dicionário escolar afro-brasileiro
1271:, Brazilian film by Anselmo Duarte
977:. The group used to meet at Major
25:
1435:"gaucho (South American history)"
1279:, Brazilian film of Durval Garcia
847:declared the independence of the
779:Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga
1945:
1645:Garibaldi e as Repúblicas do Sul
1624:Dicionário de história do Brasil
1290:
1075:, by Francisco de Sá Brito; and
895:to create a new stronger state.
451:
439:
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415:
403:
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373:
361:
349:
331:
319:
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164:depicting the Riograndense army.
144:
34:
1531:10.1590/S0102-01882011000200014
1206:when they rebelled to create a
2301:Civil wars of the 19th century
1518:Revista Brasileira de História
1413:. Editora EdUSP, 2004, 434 p.
1368:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1072:Memória da Guerra dos Farrapos
1063:, by Dante de Laytano (1936);
934:and are now two states of the
108:You may also add the template
1:
1663:, Porto Alegre, January 2010.
1313:List of wars involving Brazil
936:Federative Republic of Brazil
807:Marciano José Pereira Ribeiro
2235:Francisco José do Nascimento
2142:Confederation of the Equator
1756:Salaini, Cristian J (2006).
1306:History of Rio Grande do Sul
1239:in Brazil, his meeting with
2321:Rebellions in South America
1626:(2nd ed.), EDIPUCRS, 2001,
979:João Manuel de Lima e Silva
924:Antônio Vicente da Fontoura
821:Declaration of independence
121:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2367:
1392:. Publ. Selo Negro, 2006,
824:
622:Theater of war map in 1839
72:Machine translation, like
1984:Prince Imperial of Brazil
1979:Brazilian imperial family
1943:
1822:Spalding, Walter (1956).
1119:
530:
484:
479:
466:
309:
225:
168:
143:
49:the corresponding article
1760:(Master's thesis). UFRGS
1730:Erpen Zardo, M. (2010).
1268:Um Certo Capitão Rodrigo
1250:A Casa Das Sete Mulheres
1057:Roque Faustino in 1837 (
656:Bento Gonçalves da Silva
2311:19th-century rebellions
2101:Imperial Brazilian Navy
2079:Imperial Brazilian Army
2050:Reverse parliamentarism
1571:Charles Scribner's Sons
1468:Loveman, Brian (1999).
1439:Encyclopedia Britannica
119:For more guidance, see
2261:Eusébio de Queirós Law
2251:Abolitionism in Brazil
1904:Independence of Brazil
1365:Exiles, Allies, Rebels
1275:
1267:
1257:
1248:
1246:Brazilian mini series
1229:
1221:
1142:
1092:
1090:, by Spalding (1963);
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1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
983:
967:
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840:
802:
758:
750:
623:
310:Commanders and leaders
2316:Wars involving Brazil
2089:Fatherland Volunteers
1807:10.5216/sec.v8i2.1018
1362:Treece, Dave (2000).
1318:Revolutions of Brazil
1116:
1006:Minorities in the war
917:
893:Riograndense Republic
885:José Fructuoso Rivera
845:Antônio de Souza Neto
834:
827:Riograndense Republic
660:Antônio de Sousa Neto
632:Ragamuffin Revolution
621:
480:Casualties and losses
213:Riograndense Republic
151:Charge of the Cavalry
92:copyright attribution
2331:Separatism in Brazil
2306:Rebellions in Brazil
2045:Constitution of 1824
1937:Units of measurement
1032:In Ragamuffin troops
909:General Lima e Silva
877:Unification of Italy
787:captured the capital
743:Beginning of the war
717:abolition of slavery
630:, also known as the
458:John Pascoe Grenfell
2012:Political instances
1989:Prince of Grão-Pará
1850:The Farroupilha War
1787:Sociedade e Cultura
1743:Vecili, F. (2013).
1698:Revista de História
1674:Caderno de História
1084:Three other works (
835:Declaration of the
811:Diogo Antônio Feijó
721:Black Lancers Troop
380:Vicente da Fontoura
2225:José do Patrocínio
1843:2008-06-26 at the
1565:Bak, Joan (2008).
1237:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1214:In popular culture
1143:
1117:A painting of the
920:
883:government led by
861:Giuseppe Garibaldi
841:
671:Liberal Rebellions
664:Giuseppe Garibaldi
624:
446:Manuel M. de Sousa
368:Giuseppe Garibaldi
100:interlanguage link
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2187:
2186:
2058:
2057:
1962:Emperor of Brazil
1520:(in Portuguese).
1481:978-0-8420-2773-1
1259:O Tempo e o Vento
1231:Anita e Garibaldi
1048:In historiography
940:Rio Grande do Sul
837:Piratini Republic
772:Rio Grande do Sul
732:Porongos Massacre
685:in 1842, and the
652:Rio Grande do Sul
613:
612:
595:Porongos Massacre
489:
488:
243:Piratini Republic
221:
220:
203:Imperial victory
188:Rio Grande do Sul
132:
131:
61:
57:
16:(Redirected from
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2198:
2136:Independence War
2094:List of generals
2084:Military Academy
2067:
2029:Moderating Power
2024:General Assembly
2009:
1994:Prince of Brazil
1949:
1886:Empire of Brazil
1879:
1872:
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1643:Sant'ana, Elma,
1641:
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1622:Flores, Moacyr,
1620:
1614:
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1607:
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1587:. Archived from
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51:in Portuguese
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
2153:
2106:Naval School
2071:Armed Forces
1916:Second Reign
1823:
1816:Bibliography
1790:
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1752:
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1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1579:
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1470:
1463:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:
1410:
1405:
1389:
1388:Lopes, Nei.
1384:
1364:
1332:
1222:"data magna"
1196:
1179:Porto Alegre
1176:
1168:Encruzilhada
1153:
1149:
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1083:
1055:
1051:
1042:
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1018:
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989:
975:Porto Alegre
972:
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953:Participants
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921:
905:constitution
902:
854:
849:Riograndense
842:
815:
791:Porto Alegre
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714:
695:
683:Minas Gerais
668:
635:
631:
627:
625:
590:Ponche Verde
555:São Leopoldo
550:Arroio Telho
540:Porto Alegre
522:
485:3,000 killed
342:
338:Lima e Silva
263:
262:
226:Belligerents
202:
150:
96:edit summary
87:
54:
46:
2180:(1864–1870)
2174:(1864–1865)
2168:(1851–1852)
2166:Platine War
2162:(1835–1840)
2156:(1835–1845)
2150:(1825–1828)
2138:(1822–1824)
1908:First Reign
1125: [
958:Ragamuffins
928:Dom Pedrito
855:Led by the
724: [
708:plateau of
704:and to the
158: [
2290:Categories
1595:2016-08-06
1344:References
1011:Indigenous
964:Portuguese
889:Uruguayans
825:See also:
799:Portuguese
795:Rio Grande
693:in 1837.
356:Sousa Neto
288:Unitarians
56:(May 2020)
2271:Lei Áurea
2230:Luís Gama
2160:Cabanagem
1932:Provinces
1799:1415-8566
1706:2316-9141
1400:, 174 pp.
1276:Ana Terra
881:Uruguayan
777:In 1835,
768:Argentina
675:São Paulo
646:(current
642:, in the
276:Colorados
114:talk page
2063:Military
2004:Politics
1972:Pedro II
1955:Monarchy
1927:Nobility
1841:Archived
1604:cite web
1284:See also
1208:Republic
1164:Caçapava
1160:Piratini
1134:("Black
1104:Guaranís
968:Farrapos
803:farrapos
687:Sabinada
644:province
467:Strength
410:Pedro II
211:and the
183:Location
90:provide
18:Farrapos
2193:Slavery
1967:Pedro I
1922:Economy
1912:Regency
1900:History
1204:Emperor
1187:Uruguay
1183:Pelotas
1156:Canguçu
1140:lancers
1136:Lancers
1099:Guaraní
857:Italian
764:Uruguay
759:charque
752:charque
738:History
585:Taquari
112:to the
94:in the
53:.
2244:Others
2144:(1824)
2038:Others
1797:
1704:
1630:
1478:
1444:9 June
1417:
1396:
1372:
1193:Legacy
998:Empire
887:. The
873:Laguna
681:, and
640:Brazil
580:Laguna
575:Laguna
560:Seival
340:
301:
253:
240:
199:Result
1793:(2).
1661:PUCRS
1324:Notes
1129:]
728:]
710:Lages
691:Bahia
650:) of
648:state
605:Cuaró
565:Fanfa
162:]
74:DeepL
2128:Wars
1795:ISSN
1702:ISSN
1628:ISBN
1610:link
1476:ISBN
1446:2022
1415:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1197:The
1170:and
942:and
766:and
715:The
658:and
626:The
207:The
190:and
173:Date
88:must
86:You
67:View
1803:doi
1710:doi
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689:in
673:in
634:or
153:by
76:or
2292::
1914:,
1910:,
1906:,
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1765:^
1721:^
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1652:^
1606:}}
1602:{{
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1557:^
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1166:,
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1127:pt
1106:.
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726:pt
712:.
677:,
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1716:.
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1448:.
1421:.
1131:"
1120:"
839:.
514:e
507:t
500:v
343:X
123:.
116:.
20:)
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