160:
1042:
796:
2189:
1597:
2524:
120:
256:
223:
109:
668:
129:
3159:
2321:
1742:
1685:
3133:
3055:
2171:
2121:
The average age of
Ferrara residents is 49, compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Ferrara grew by 2.28%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85%. The current birth rate of Ferrara is 7.02 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. Ferrara is known as the oldest Italian city with a population over 100,000, as well the city with lowest birth rate.
2735:
4967:
149:
1895:
3016:
194:
184:
140:
1620:
3094:
3185:
2401:
3343:
3068:
100:
3220:
3172:
3081:
3042:
2799:
3146:
3107:
3120:
3029:
3003:
3206:
3234:
987:
263:
230:
2750:
Festival is a non-competitive parade of street musicians from all over the world. At the 2017 edition, more than 1,000 artists from 35 different nations took part in the festival, including dancers, clowns, equilibrists, jugglers and other original performers. Additionally, the town hosts the yearly
2274:
In 1938, Mussolini's fascist government instituted racial laws reintroducing segregation of Jews which lasted until the end of the German occupation. During the Second World War, 96 of
Ferrara's 300 Jews were deported to German concentration and death camps; five survived. The Italian Jewish writer,
2270:
caught fire, the commandant was summoned again to surrender; there was some delay, but a flag of truce was sent at 21:00, and the capitulation was concluded at 01:00 the next day. Upon taking possession of the fortress, Klenau found 75 new artillery pieces, plus ammunition and six months worth
2120:
In 2007, there were 135,369 people residing in
Ferrara, of whom 46.8% were male and 53.2% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 12.28% of the population compared to pensioners who number 26.41%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners).
370:
Aguscello, Albarea, Baura, Boara, Borgo
Scoline, Bova, Casaglia, Cassana, Castel Trivellino, Chiesuol del Fosso, Cocomaro di Cona, Cocomaro di Focomorto, Codrea, Cona, Contrapò, Corlo, Correggio, Denore, Focomorto, Francolino, Gaibana, Gaibanella, Sant'Egidio, Malborghetto di Boara, Malborghetto di
2236:
approached the fortress with a modest mixed force of
Austrian cavalry, artillery and infantry augmented by Italian peasant rebels, commanded by Count Antonio Bardaniand and demanded its capitulation. The commander refused. Klenau blockaded the city, leaving a small group of artillery and troops to
2265:
to prevent the pillage of the city by Klenau's forces; this was used to pay the wages of
Gardani's troops. Although Klenau held the town, the French still possessed the town's fortress. After making the standard request for surrender at 08:00, which was refused, Klenau ordered a barrage from his
2249:
fortress. The besieged garrison made several sorties from the Saint Paul's Gate, which were repulsed by the insurgent peasants. The French attempted two rescues of the beleaguered fortress: the first, on 24 April, when a force of 400 Modenese was repulsed at
Mirandola and the second,
1122:, is overwhelmingly flat, situated on average just 9 metres (30 ft) above sea-level. The proximity to the largest Italian river has been a constant concern in the history of Ferrara, that has been affected by recurrent, disastrous floods, the latest occurring as recently as 1951. The
5901:
371:
Correggio, Marrara, Mezzavia, Monestirolo, Montalbano, Parasacco, Pescara, Pontegradella, Pontelagoscuro, Ponte
Travagli, Porotto, Porporana, Quartesana, Ravalle, Sabbioni, San Bartolomeo in Bosco, San Martino, Spinazzino, Torre della Fossa, Uccellino, Viconovo, Villanova
1665:. The upper part of the main façade, with arcades of pointed arches, dates from the 13th century. The recumbent marble lions guarding the portals are copies of the originals, now in the cathedral's museum. An elaborated 13th-century relief depicting the
2204:
The Jewish community of
Ferrara is the only one in Emilia Romagna with a continuous presence from the Middle Ages to the present day. It played an important role when Ferrara enjoyed its greatest splendor in the 15th and 16th century, with the duke
5896:
173:, Via Giuseppe Mazzini, Braghini-Rossetti Palace, San Giorgio di Ferrara Cathedral, aerial view of the city during its balloon festival, statue to Nicolò III d'Este in Palazzo Municipale, statue to Girolamo Savonarola in Piazza Savonarola.
1716:
is perhaps the best preserved
Medieval building in Ferrara. It was the private residence of merchant Giovanni Romei, related by marriage to the Este family, and likely the work of the court architect Pietrobono Brasavola. Thanks to the
4096:
Colonel Danilo Oreskovich and 1,300 Croatians of the 2nd Banat battalion, 4,000 Ferrarese auxiliary troops commanded by Count Antonio Gardani, and several hundred local peasants commanded by Major Angelo Pietro Poli. Acerbi.
2307:
period. This is the initial phase of a projectâknown as MEIS, after its initials in Italianâto be completed in 2021, with additional buildings that will create a major Jewish cultural hub and add exhibits focusing on the Jews in the
2923:
1512:), which, in towns having between 100,000 and 250,000 population, is composed by 32 councillors elected every five years with a proportional system, contextually to the mayoral elections. The executive body is the City Committee (
2209:. The situation of the Jews deteriorated in 1598, when the Este dynasty moved to Modena and the city came under papal control. The Jewish settlement, located in three streets forming a triangle near the cathedral, became a
5787:
3914:
1142:, a type of climate commonly referred to as "warm temperate" that features mild winters and hot summers, heavy rains in spring and autumn but there is also a lot of rain even in the driest month of January for Ferrara.
1725:
fireplace bearing the coat of arms of Giovanni Romei in the adjoining Saletta dei Profeti ("room of the prophets"), depicting allegories from the Bible, and in other rooms, some of which were commissioned by cardinal
1090:
in Italy. In recent decades, as part of a general trend in Italy and Europe, Ferrara has come to rely more on tertiary and tourism, while the heavy industry, still present in the town, has been largely phased out.
1069:
from the wetlands along the Po delta. Mass industrialisation came to Ferrara only at the end of the 1930s with the set-up of a chemical plant by the Fascist regime that should have supplied the regime with
588:
5470:
1721:
of the Corpus Domini order, much of the original decorations in the inner rooms have been saved. The house features fresco cycles in the "Sala delle Sibille" ("room of sibyls"), an original
5837:
5351:
1906:, mostly built between 1492 and 1520. Today the walls, after a careful restoration, make up a large urban park around the town and are a popular destination for joggers and cyclists.
1681:
was initiated in 1412 but is still incomplete, missing one projected additional storey and a dome, as it can be observed from numerous historical prints and paintings on the subject.
5573:
1616:
with the function to protect the town from external threats and to serve as a fortified residence for the Este family. It was extensively renovated in the 15th and 16th centuries.
998:
for almost 300 years, an era marked by a steady decline; in 1792 the population of the town was only 27,000, less than in the 17th century. In 1805â1814 it was briefly part of the
842:
in late 15th- and early 16th-century Italy. During this time, Ferrara grew into an international cultural centre, renowned for its architecture, music, literature and visual arts.
3918:
5703:
718:
settlements: a cluster of facilities around the Cathedral of St. George, on the right bank of the main branch of the Po, which then ran much closer to the city than today, and a
714:
refer to a "Forum Alieni"), for little is known of this period, but some archeologic evidence points to the hypothesis that Ferrara could have been originated from two small
4327:
6324:
1049:
During the last decades of the 1800s and the early 1900s, Ferrara remained a modest trade centre for its large rural hinterland that relied on commercial crops such as
2746:
of St. George is a medieval-themed horse race held every last Sunday of May. Established in 1279, it is probably the oldest such competition in the world. The Ferrara
2328:
During the Renaissance the Este family, well known for its patronage of the arts, welcomed a great number of artists, especially painters, that formed the so-called
3247:
1850:
houses the National Picture Gallery, with a large collection of the school of Ferrara, which first rose to prominence in the latter half of the 15th century, with
5188:
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5080:
699:
marshes in 1922 first officially revealed a necropolis with over 4,000 tombs, evidence of a population centre that in Antiquity must have played a major role.
1078:
Ferrara was repeatedly bombed by Allied warplanes that targeted and destroyed railway links and industrial facilities. After the war, the industrial area in
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2618:
music first published in 1635. It became the most famous of Frescobaldi's works and was studied centuries after his death by numerous composers, including
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During WWII, the Este Castle, adjacent to the Corso Roma, now known as the Corso Martiri della LibertĂ , was the site of an infamous massacre in 1943.
1041:
255:
2653:
2573:. The court became hostile to Protestant sympathizers after the marriage of RenĂŠe's daughter Anna d'Este to the fervently Catholic Duke of Guise.
2300:
4806:
4791:
966:, brought great prestige to the court of Ferrara. Under his reign, the Duchy remained an affluent country and a cultural powerhouse. However, an
770:
4987:
6334:
5433:
5337:
831:
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Klenau took possession of the town on 21 May, and garrisoned it with a light battalion. The Jewish residents of Ferrara paid 30,000
159:
6349:
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1883:
222:
3563:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, with the assistance of the Istituto di Studi Rinascimentali, Ferrara. p. 211.
955:
924:
672:
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Seafood is also an important part of the local tradition, that boast rich fisheries in the Po delta lagoons and Adriatic sea. Pasta with
5595:
2376:. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Ferrara again hosted and inspired numerous painters who grew fond of its eerie atmosphere. Among them
835:
795:
2714:
condemns Riario and accepts Lorenzo's invitation to a peace conference in Bagnolo. The attack by Riarioâs men on Ferrara was filmed at
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1536:(art. 114), the Municipal Statute and several laws, notably the Legislative Decree 267/2000 or Unified Text on Local Administration (
5181:
5026:
4977:
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4278:
4250:
3514:
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1650:
is a harmonious combination of the Romanesque central structure and portal, the Gothic upper part of the façade and the Renaissance
823:
5880:
679:
The first documented settlements in the area of the present-day Province of Ferrara date from the 6th century BC. The ruins of the
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1789:. The building also contains fine choir-books with miniatures and a collection of coins and Renaissance medals. The Renaissance
781:
in 1289. His rule marked the end of the communal period in Ferrara and the beginning of the Este rule, which lasted until 1598.
1095:
769:
threw their decisive weight behind the Salinguerra and eventually reaped the benefits of victory for themselves. Thus, in 1264
497:
5090:
5016:
4245:
Paul Badura-Skoda. "Interpreting Bach at the Keyboard", p. 259. Translated by Alfred Clayton. Oxford University Press, 1995.
3387:
2237:
continue the siege. For the next three days, Klenau patrolled the countryside, capturing the surrounding strategic points of
757:. During the 12th century the history of the town was marked by the wrestling for power between two preeminent families, the
291:
2285:, was published in Italian as Giardino dei Finzi-Contini, 1962, by Giulio Einaudi editore s.p.a. It was made into a film by
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5999:
4540:
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5174:
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1863:
479:
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opened on the site of a restored two-story brick prison built in 1912 that counted Jews among its detainees during the
2254:
tried to raise the city-blockade by advancing with a force of 4,000. Finally, at the end of the month, a column led by
1698:
family, featuring a grandiose marble flight of stairs and two ancient bronze statues of Niccolò III and Borso of Este.
1596:
5615:
3586:
The court cities of northern Italy : Milan, Parma, Piacenza, Mantua, Ferrara, Bologna, Urbino, Pesaro, and Rimini
4599:
4199:
2324:
Francesco del Cossa's "May" from the "Salone dei Mesi" ("Great hall of the months") in Palazzo Schifanoia, circa 1470
4027:
2523:
4490:
4464:
4312:
4152:; Klenau's force included a battalion of light infantry, a couple battalions of border infantry, a squadron of the
2554:. He vehemently preached against the moral corruption of much of the clergy at the time, and his main opponent was
1694:
Near the cathedral and the castle also lies the 15th-century city hall, that served as an earlier residence of the
873:
2626:(15??â16??) an Italian poet of the 16th century best known for madrigals is thought to have been born in Ferrara.
5739:
5610:
4716:(in Italian). Ferrara: Italo Bovolenta editore (originario nel 1981) 2G editrice (ristampa anastatica del 2012).
2752:
2694:
1495:
1135:
951:. These successes were based on Ferrara's artillery, produced in his own foundry which was the best of its time.
602:
5258:
5992:
5698:
5386:
2853:
1769:
1557:
948:
906:
28:
5002:
Giulia Aguzzoni e Angela Ghinato (2013). "prefazione di Anna Maria Quarzi, introduzione di Giuseppe Vancini".
4156:
Hussars (8th Hussars), and approximately 4,000 armed peasants. For details on Austrian force, see Smith,
3814:
Prediction and perception of natural hazards : proceedings symposium, 22â26 October 1990, Perugia, Italy
1098:
struck Ferrara in May 2012 causing only limited damage to the historic buildings of the town and no victims.
6015:
5821:
5811:
5746:
5543:
5534:
3538:
3059:
1643:
967:
849:, who was requested in 1484 by Ercole I to draft a masterplan for the expansion of the town. The resulting "
193:
119:
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5750:
5053:
3158:
2787:
2674:
2638:
1655:
667:
128:
108:
6344:
6188:
5866:
3506:
3225:
2619:
2570:
2353:
2345:
2255:
1678:
1543:
The current division of the seats in the city council, after the 2019 local election, is the following:
1505:
680:
458:
2528:
1779:
1701:
The southern district is the town's oldest, crossed by a myriad of narrow alleys that date back to the
5127:
4835:
AAVV (2008). Servizio protezione flora e fauna oasi e zone protette della Provincia di Ferrara (ed.).
4646:"The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalitionâs Left Wing April â June 1799"
1741:
1684:
183:
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5797:
5553:
5166:
4645:
4147:
4132:
4113:
4098:
3403:
2582:
2433:
2389:
2267:
1839:
1533:
971:
734:
632:, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the
468:
4149:
The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalitionâs Left Wing April â June 1799
4134:
The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalitionâs Left Wing April â June 1799
4115:
The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalitionâs Left Wing April â June 1799
4100:
The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalitionâs Left Wing April â June 1799
2710:'s men seize Ferrara, 100 miles from Florence and takes their salt. Based on the actions by Riario,
5916:
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5847:
5630:
5207:
5057:
4754:
4658:
2887:
2779:
2715:
2590:
2535:
2488:
2418:
2369:
2320:
2309:
2218:
1812:
1753:
1624:
1613:
1568:
1520:, that is nominated and presided over by a directly elected mayor. The current mayor of Ferrara is
1007:
882:
858:
839:
657:
645:
621:
350:
4948:
4389:
1660:
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2772:
2702:
2647:
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2503:
2438:
2385:
2229:
1859:
1794:
1749:
1011:
920:
778:
750:
696:
345:
5620:
5042:
Eurofrut '69: 21-28 settembre 1969: catalogo ufficiale/4. biennale ortofrutticola internazionale
4911:
Il fascismo ferrarese. Dodici articoli per raccontarlo. Con un saggio inedito su Edmondo Rossoni
3789:
Ferrara e il suo Petrolchimico il Lavoro e il Territorio Storia, Cultura e Proposta (in Italian)
2562:
2206:
1727:
1706:
963:
2238:
624:. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of
5715:
5416:
5407:
5313:
5263:
5086:
5065:
5022:
4973:
4938:
4914:
4879:
4778:
4740:
4717:
4695:
4673:
4648:. Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. March 2008. Accessed 30 October 2009.
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3614:
3589:
3564:
3510:
3467:
3439:
3411:
3383:
2865:
2813:
The culinary tradition of Ferrara features many typical dishes that can be traced back to the
2594:
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2337:
2233:
2225:
2177:
1875:
1828:
1702:
1635:
1628:
1576:
1123:
1031:
1015:
936:
850:
803:
5018:
Developing adaptation policy and practice in Europe: multi-level governance of climate change
3846:
6329:
6273:
5807:
5792:
5530:
5438:
5376:
4865:(in Italian). Milano e Ferrara: Banca Popolare di Milano â Arcidiocesi di FerraraComacchio.
3952:
3348:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3150:
2918:
2829:
2719:
2662:
2658:
2423:
2381:
2377:
2341:
2286:
1822:
The northern quarter, which was added by Ercole I in 1492â1505 thanks to the master plan of
1808:
1790:
1605:
1517:
1501:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1058:
790:
754:
746:
594:
581:
550:
333:
170:
63:
1784:
6248:
5782:
5764:
5492:
5446:
5368:
5288:
5131:
4383:
2874:
2849:
2783:
2707:
2539:
2492:
2452:
2428:
2333:
2304:
2276:
2195:
1855:
1823:
1799:
1731:
1054:
940:
928:
846:
819:
815:
722:, a fortified complex built on the left bank of the river to defend against the Lombards.
5665:
1757:
2734:
5660:
5442:
5303:
5197:
3561:
Herculean Ferrara : Ercole d'Este, 1471â1505, and the invention of a Ducal capital
3132:
2965:
2893:
2869:
2711:
2603:
2413:
2357:
2232:, which established a small garrison there. On 15 April, Lieutenant Field Marshal
2141:
2125:
1903:
1879:
1804:
1735:
1666:
1647:
1079:
1027:
944:
916:
854:
617:
613:
338:
2170:
1894:
6313:
6253:
6193:
5774:
5729:
5645:
5625:
5583:
5525:
5420:
5293:
3839:
3354:
3349:
3239:
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created by the river Po, is not ideal for wine; a notable exception is Bosco Eliceo (
2945:
2635:
2623:
2598:
2474:
2460:
2447:
2365:
1867:
1695:
1409:
766:
637:
3310:
1646:. The duomo has been renovated many times through the centuries, thus its resulting
1619:
1034:
garrison from 1832 until 1859. The fortress was completely dismantled following the
148:
5688:
5428:
5412:
5273:
4775:
Saper vedere la cittĂ . Ferrara di Biagio Rossetti, "la prima cittĂ moderna europea"
4328:"Medici 3: ten locations where the series about Lorenzo the Magnificent was filmed"
3211:
3020:
2807:
2723:
2684:
2666:
2547:
2508:
1019:
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995:
975:
970:
struck the town in 1570, causing the economy to collapse, and when Ercole II's son
932:
827:
703:
139:
2400:
773:
was proclaimed lifelong ruler of Ferrara, taking the additional titles of Lord of
5897:
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
3945:
A Renaissance Architecture of Power: Princely Palaces in the Italian Quattrocento
3530:
2771:, Italy's top-level football league, after a 49-year absence. Its home ground is
2661:, that tells the vicissitudes of a rich Jewish family during the dictatorship of
1086:
and other companies, that at its peak employed 7,000 workers and produced 20% of
5984:
5960:
5932:
5816:
5720:
5683:
5675:
5329:
5298:
4931:
Lo squadrismo: come lo raccontarono i fascisti, come lo vissero gli antifascisti
4732:
4714:
Nuova guida di Ferrara. Vita e spazio nell'architettura di una cittĂ emblematica
4709:
4687:
4665:
3661:
The Italian Wars, 1494-1559 : War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe
3189:
2992:
2950:
2814:
2670:
2566:
2551:
2361:
2251:
1902:
The town is still almost totally encircled by 9 kilometres (6 miles) of ancient
1871:
1851:
1612:
featuring four massive bastions and a moat, it was erected in 1385 by architect
1609:
1521:
1119:
1062:
1023:
633:
385:
3938:
3936:
99:
5973:
5802:
5754:
5693:
5521:
5482:
5402:
5308:
4969:
Ferrara cittĂ europea: storia politica e civile dalle origini ai giorni nostri
4770:
3201:
3085:
2817:, and that sometimes reveals the influence of its important Jewish community.
2798:
2615:
2242:
1816:
1639:
1050:
762:
730:
629:
510:
4211:
4127:
Accerbi reports that wages were the equivalent of a daily intake of 21 "
2891:, large meat filled ravioli served in chicken broth. It is often followed by
2442:) lived and worked at the court of Ferrara during the 15th and 16th century.
1711:
1030:, an old castle at the south-west angle of the town, this was occupied by an
306:
293:
5911:
5875:
5605:
5601:
5506:
5283:
5268:
5253:
5238:
4445:. "Ferrara Terra e Acqua", the official website for Ferrara and its province
3111:
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3015:
2954:
2935:
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2349:
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2145:
2137:
1674:
1651:
1549:
1527:
959:
715:
711:
449:
389:
3288:
2224:
In 1799, the Jewish community saved the city from sacking by troops of the
1608:, sited in the very centre of the town, is iconic of Ferrara. A very large
5142:
Ferrara Under the Stars â The most important Italian summer music festival
4876:
Il podestĂ ebreo. La storia di Renzo Ravenna tra fascismo e leggi razziali
4051:
3765:
The Economic History of Italy, 1860â1990: From the Periphery to the Centre
3266:
2388:. A large collection of paintings is displayed in the National Gallery of
994:
Ferrara, a university city second only to Bologna, remained a part of the
986:
6233:
6183:
6168:
6097:
5956:
5938:
5725:
5517:
5500:
5318:
5233:
4815:
4800:
4737:
Nomenclatura ed etimologia delle piazze e strade di Ferrara e Ampliamenti
4128:
3163:
3137:
3093:
2861:
2833:
2764:
2586:
2543:
2478:
2296:
2214:
1765:
1669:
is found in the second storey of the porch. The interior was restored in
1107:
1087:
915:
In spite of having entered its golden age, Ferrara was severely hit by a
726:
692:
360:
35:
4290:
3382:(Special ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 6.
3367:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 283.
2565:
was Duchess of Ferrara, her court attracted Protestant thinkers such as
1061:
works were carried out for decades with the aim to expand the available
6298:
6278:
6268:
6263:
6243:
6228:
6223:
6198:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6112:
6102:
6092:
6087:
6061:
5969:
5952:
5944:
5906:
5857:
5842:
5759:
5707:
5558:
5424:
5243:
5223:
5136:
4893:
4295:, Medici, Daniel Sharman, Francesco Montanari, Sarah Parish, 2020-05-01
4164:, p. 156. Klenau's force also captured 75 guns from the fortress.
3184:
3176:
3080:
3046:
3041:
2961:
2927:
2898:
2852:. Another peculiar dish, that was allegedly cooked by Renaissance chef
2825:
2768:
2747:
2612:
2467:
2228:. During the spring of 1799, the city had fallen into the hands of the
2133:
2129:
1843:
1834:
1670:
1111:
1066:
947:, but was able to overcome the Papal and Spanish armies in 1512 at the
758:
707:
625:
439:
39:
17:
4175:"Once It Imprisoned Jews, Now It's a Museum of Their History in Italy"
3915:"Local self-government authority system under the Italian legislation"
3892:
2901:
made from a selection of pork meats and spices kneaded with red wine.
2550:, destruction of what he considered immoral art, and hostility to the
6288:
6258:
6213:
6203:
6178:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6122:
6117:
6051:
5948:
5788:
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of CefalĂš and Monreale
5734:
5655:
5635:
5591:
5568:
5563:
5538:
5474:
5398:
5278:
5202:
3948:
3145:
3124:
3106:
3067:
3033:
2841:
2837:
2803:
2456:
2373:
2210:
2149:
1774:
1761:
1115:
895:
774:
742:
738:
719:
688:
641:
608:
475:
454:
76:
5062:
Presenza ebraica a Ferrara. Testimonianze archivistiche fino al 1492
4233:
Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England
3464:
The regions of Italy : a reference guide to history and culture
3267:"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"
2491:. In the 20th century, Ferrara was the home and workplace of writer
2332:. The astounding list of painters and artists includes the names of
1126:
links the river Po from Ferrara to the Adriatic at Porto Garibaldi.
1110:, about 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital,
1038:
and the bricks were used for new constructions throughout the town.
640:. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by
6293:
6283:
6238:
6218:
6208:
6107:
6066:
6056:
6035:
5711:
5650:
5478:
5393:
5381:
5228:
5141:
3711:
L'apparition d'une identitĂŠ urbaine dans l'Europe du bas moyen age
3171:
3119:
3098:
3028:
3007:
3002:
2912:
dishes are especially well-known. Popular food items include also
2864:
pie, consisting of a crust of sweet dough enclosing macaroni in a
2797:
2743:
2733:
2522:
2464:
2399:
2319:
2262:
1893:
1740:
1683:
1618:
1595:
1082:
was expanded to become a giant petrochemical compound operated by
1040:
985:
974:
died without heirs in 1597, the House of Este lost Ferrara to the
853:" is considered one of the most important examples of Renaissance
794:
684:
666:
628:, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the
326:
5151:
5146:
4672:(in Italian). Cernobbio: Archivio Cattaneo editore in Cernobbio.
845:
The architecture of Ferrara greatly benefited from the genius of
6082:
6030:
5640:
4928:
Antonella Guarnieri; Delfina Tromboni; Davide Guarnieri (2014).
4419:. Official tourist information site of the Emilia-Romagna Region
4358:. Official tourist information site of the Emilia-Romagna Region
4076:. New York, N.Y.: Architectural History Foundation. p. 43.
2958:
2905:
2495:, well known for his novels that were often adapted for cinema (
1928:
1718:
529:
5988:
5333:
5170:
2802:
Some food items easily found in Ferrara: "coppia" bread, "zia"
5110:
2909:
2481:
2128:. The largest immigrant group was other European nations with
745:
in 754 or 756. In 988 Ferrara was ceded by the Church to the
2972:) wine, made from grapes cultivated on the sandy coast line.
1149:
Climate data for Ferrara (Malborghetto di Boara) (1991â2020)
695:, were lost until modern times, when drainage schemes in the
27:
This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see
3767:(Reprint ed.). New York: Clarendon Press. p. 280.
2546:
from 1494 until his execution in 1498. He was known for his
1923:
1014:, Ferrara was given back to the Pope, now guaranteed by the
565:
5124:
5117:
5044:(in Italian). Ferrara: Ente Manifestazioni Ortofrutticole.
4200:"A New Museum Explores 2,000 Years of Jewish Life in Italy"
3873:. Arpae Emilia-Romagna agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia
2463:. It was paid for and made by Yom-Tob ben Levi Athias (the
954:
Upon his death in 1534, Alfonso I was succeeded by his son
568:
556:
5161:
4839:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Ferrara: Provincia di Ferrara.
4231:
Robin, Diana Maury; Larsen, Anne R; Levin, Carole (2007).
4074:
Synagogues of Europe : architecture, history, meaning
3943:
Beltramo, Silvia; Cantatore, Flavia; Folin, Marco (2016).
3638:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 124â125.
1642:
and consecrated in 1135, is one of the finest examples of
1118:. The territory of the municipality, entirely part of the
927:
succeeded to the throne in 1505 and married the notorious
5902:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
3613:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 151â176.
2651:. The town was also the setting of the famous 1970 movie
1846:
points into which the façade's stone blocks are cut. The
3466:(1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. p. 85.
2217:
and during the 1848 revolution, the ghetto lasted until
5156:
5040:
Biennale ortofrutticola internazionale Ferrara (1969).
4861:
Comitato diocesano per il grande giubileo, ed. (2000).
4005:(1st ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 187â188.
1106:
The town of Ferrara lies on the southern shores of the
741:, after routing the Lombards, presented Ferrara to the
702:
There is uncertainty among scholars about the proposed
5574:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
5125:
Search engine and index of websites related to Ferrara
3917:. Italian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Archived from
3588:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 198.
2930:
salami made of goose meat stuffed in goose neck skin.
2767:, was established in 1907. In 2017 it was promoted to
2436:(author of the grandiose poem of chivalry and romance
1756:. The palazzo includes frescoes depicting the life of
1654:. The sculptures of the main portal are attributed to
5152:
Palazzo dei Diamanti â Ferrara National Museum of Art
4850:
Atlante cartografico dell'artigianato tipico italiano
3742:(Second ed.). Bloomsbury Academic. p. 151.
553:
562:
6131:
6075:
6044:
6023:
5838:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568â774 A.D.)
5830:
5773:
5674:
5582:
5491:
5367:
4852:(in Italian). Rome: ACI, Automobile club d'Italia.
1797:library system, displays part of the manuscript of
958:, whose marriage in 1528 to the second daughter of
901:
891:
881:
872:
559:
524:
516:
506:
496:
486:
465:
448:
438:
430:
422:
417:
409:
401:
396:
381:
376:
357:
344:
332:
322:
50:
4388:
3845:. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p.
3838:
3438:. Vol. 1. Florence: Nabu Press. p. 181.
1745:Palazzo dei Diamanti, seat of the National Gallery
868:Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta
706:origin of the settlement in its current location (
4026:Varese, Ranieri (1972). "BRASAVOLA, Pietrobono".
857:and contributed to the selection of Ferrara as a
5111:Official Tourism Office Site â in six languages
4913:(in Italian). Ferrara: Casa Editrice Tresogni.
4465:"SPAL RECEIVES BOOST TO FURTHER EXPAND STADIUM"
3893:"The Municipal Statute of Ferrara (in Italian)"
3686:Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento: 1790â1870
3248:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ferrara-Comacchio
3715:Shaping Urban Identity in Late Medieval Europe
3663:(1st ed.). Harlow: Pearson. p. 107.
2949:, a chocolate and custard pudding on a bed of
2404:Title page of John Harington's translation of
1134:The climate of the Po valley is classified as
806:has been assumed to represent Lucrezia Borgia.
733:of 753 AD, when he captured the town from the
6000:
5611:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
5345:
5182:
3688:(7th ed.). London: Longman. p. 96.
2987:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
2136:: 2.59% followed by North Africa: 0.51%, and
1566:
1547:
1525:
358:
74:
55:
8:
3812:Nemec, J.; Nigg, J.M.; Siccardi, F. (1993).
1914:
1532:. The urban organisation is governed by the
867:
4826:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Bologna: Forni.
4822:Ferrante Borsetti, Ferranti Bolani (1970).
2645:. The latter shot in Ferrara his 1960 film
725:Ferrara appears first in a document of the
6007:
5993:
5985:
5892:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
5352:
5338:
5330:
5189:
5175:
5167:
4837:I grandi alberi della Provincia di Ferrara
3659:Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2005).
3457:
3455:
3291:. Italian National Institute of Statistics
3289:"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018"
3269:. Italian National Institute of Statistics
1913:
1145:
866:
47:
6325:Municipalities of the Province of Ferrara
4777:(in Italian). Turin: Biblioteca Einaudi.
2693:in (2001), a film about the last days of
2507:). In historical fiction, British author
2279:, was from Ferrara. His celebrated book,
2124:As of 2006, 95.59% of the population was
673:National Archaeological Museum of Ferrara
5704:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
5549:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
4571:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 701.
3611:The court of Ferrara & its Patronage
3429:
3427:
3380:Colony and mother city in ancient Greece
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
2943:, a dark chocolate and butter cake, and
4863:Guida del pellegrino in terra ferrarese
3636:History and warfare in Renaissance epic
3258:
2487:, as translator), and was dedicated to
2412:The Renaissance literary men and poets
2301:Museum of Italian Judaism and the Shoah
2295:On December 13, 2017, the first day of
1114:, and 87 km (54 mi) south of
671:Etruscan jewellery is displayed at the
523:
505:
485:
447:
437:
416:
408:
405:404.36 km (156.12 sq mi)
395:
375:
356:
321:
286:
214:
177:
91:
84:
5434:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
4659:Bibliography of the history of Ferrara
4568:Bakery Products Science and Technology
4304:
4131:" in cash and four in bread. Acerbi,
2213:in 1627. Apart from a few years under
601:
5006:(in Italian). Ferrara: Este edition.
4759:Le mura di Ferrara: immagini e storia
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3313:(in Italian). Municipality of Ferrara
2634:Ferrara is the birthplace of Italian
900:
890:
880:
580:
515:
495:
464:
429:
421:
400:
380:
343:
331:
205:
7:
5015:E. Carina H. Keskitalo, ed. (2010).
4739:(in Italian). Ferrara: 2G Editrice.
4670:Ferrara rara: PerchÊ Ferrara è bella
4029:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
3717:]. Leuven: Garant. p. 169.
3609:Pade, Marianne; et al. (1990).
2926:) label. Not unusual is the typical
1884:University of Ferrara Botanic Garden
1862:. Noted masters of the 16th-century
1842:("Diamond Palace"), named after the
1811:'s grave. Its famous alumni include
5596:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
4986:IT\ICCU\FER\0181191. Archived from
4692:Breve ma veridica storia di Ferrara
4003:The architecture of the Renaissance
3709:Boone, Marc; Stabel, Peter (2000).
2258:reached and relieved the fortress.
2140:: 0.39%. The city is predominantly
1832:, features a number of Renaissance
1768:representations of the months. The
765:Salinguerra. The powerful Imperial
6320:Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna
4878:(in Italian). Roma-Bari: Laterza.
4602:. Enoteca Regionale Emilia-Romagna
4565:Zhou, Weibiao; Hui, Y. H. (2014).
3980:. New York: Garland. p. 336.
3410:. London: Routledge. p. 295.
2916:garlic salami and the traditional
2722:, once the residence of the noble
2426:(author of the romantic epic poem
1898:A section of the Renaissance walls
636:, when it hosted the court of the
25:
4694:(in Italian). Ferrara: 2G Libri.
2266:mortars and howitzers. After two
1563:Ferrara Change (centre-right) â 3
5793:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
4824:Historia almi Ferrariae Gymnasii
4439:"Ferrara Balloons Festival 2017"
4377:Clare, Horatio (28 March 2014).
4072:Krinsky, Carol Herselle (1985).
4052:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"
3436:Memorie Per La Storia Di Ferrara
3341:
3232:
3218:
3204:
3183:
3170:
3157:
3144:
3131:
3118:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3066:
3053:
3040:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2786:and plays its home games at the
2755:, a large hot-air balloon show.
2738:A child dressed up for the Palio
2654:The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
2498:The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
2282:The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
2187:
2169:
931:. He again fought Venice in the
549:
261:
254:
228:
221:
192:
182:
158:
147:
138:
127:
118:
107:
98:
5466:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
5082:Encyclopedia of kitchen history
5064:(in Italian). Ferrara: Carife.
4900:(in Italian). Torino: Einaudi.
4622:"Gemellaggi e patti d'amicizia"
4326:Redazione (November 23, 2019).
4265:The Cambridge Companion to Bach
3978:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia
3976:Kleinhenz, Christopher (2002).
3816:. Berlin: Springer. p. 6.
3791:. Ferrara: Cds Edizioni. 2006.
3378:Graham, Alexander John (1999).
2933:Local patisserie include spicy
2840:. It is served with a sauce of
1882:. The district is also home to
826:and in 1471 duke of Ferrara by
262:
229:
45:Comune in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
5881:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
5471:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
4937:. Ferrara: Comune di Ferrara.
4761:(in Italian). Modena: Panini.
3584:Rosenberg, Charles M. (2010).
2585:was one of the most important
2451:was a 1553 publication of the
2152:community is still surviving.
1582:Gente a Modo (centre-left) â 1
990:Ferrara as it appeared in 1600
838:were among the most important
1:
6335:World Heritage Sites in Italy
5361:World Heritage Sites in Italy
5079:Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2004).
4271:. Cambridge University Press.
4269:Cambridge Companions to Music
4235:. ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 269.
4198:Wall, Harry D. (2019-04-24).
3462:Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002).
2924:protected geographical status
2922:bread, protected by the IGP (
2775:, with a capacity of 16,134.
2697:, were also shot in Ferrara.
1730:, paintings by the school of
1538:Testo Unico degli Enti Locali
1482:Source: Arpae Emilia-Romagna
1140:KĂśppen climate classification
1036:birth of the Kingdom of Italy
6350:Planned communities in Italy
5453:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
5085:. London: Fitzroy Dearborn.
4909:Antonella Guarnieri (2011).
4731:Gerolamo Melchiorri (2009).
3837:Duggan, Christopher (2006).
2773:Paolo Mazza Memorial Stadium
1880:Benvenuto Tisi (il Garofalo)
1500:The legislative body of the
1045:Downtown Ferrara around 1900
1022:was erected in the 1600s by
982:Late modern and contemporary
923:fought and lost in 1482â84.
887:Cultural: ii, iii, iv, v, vi
242:Location of Ferrara in Italy
6340:Jewish communities in Italy
4541:"Typical Melon from Emilia"
4001:Benevolo, Leonardo (2002).
1874:, the most eminent of all,
1600:Este Castle covered in snow
1338:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1198:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1000:Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
6366:
4966:Alessandro Roveri (2000).
4656:
4516:"The Zia ferrarese Salami"
4413:"FERRARA BUSKERS FESTIVAL"
4032:(in Italian). Vol. 14
3841:A concise history of Italy
2984:
2981:Twin towns â sister cities
2778:Ferrara's basketball team
2763:The town's football team,
2148:adherents. The historical
1689:The 15th-century Town Hall
1673:style in 1712. The marble
1493:
1481:
1148:
875:UNESCO World Heritage Site
864:UNESCO World Heritage Site
859:UNESCO World Heritage Site
788:
655:
278:Show map of Emilia-Romagna
33:
26:
5927:
5600:Etruscan Necropolises of
5214:
5157:The University of Ferrara
5147:Ferrara Buskers' Festival
4972:. Ferrara: Este edition.
3895:. Municipality of Ferrara
3434:Frizzi, Antonio (2012) .
2753:Ferrara Balloons Festival
2695:Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
2601:periods. His masterpiece
2515:in a convent in Ferrara.
2475:Abraham ben Salomon Usque
2110:
1941:â
1636:Cathedral of Saint George
1567:
1548:
1526:
1496:List of mayors of Ferrara
1407:
1337:
1267:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
663:Antiquity and Middle Ages
287:
215:
206:
178:
92:
85:
72:
5699:Castel del Monte, Apulia
5461:of Piedmont and Lombardy
4417:Emiliaromagnaturismo.com
4356:Emiliaromagnaturismo.com
3871:"Tabelle climatologiche"
3634:Murrin, Michael (1994).
3503:Ferrara and its province
3166:, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2854:Cristoforo di Messisbugo
1094:After almost 450 years,
691:at the ancient mouth of
687:, established along the
275:Ferrara (Emilia-Romagna)
54:
34:Not to be confused with
29:Ferrara (disambiguation)
5965:with 17 other countries
5822:Villa Romana del Casale
5812:Necropolis of Pantalica
5747:Royal Palace of Caserta
5544:Orto botanico di Padova
5535:Torre della Ghirlandina
5021:. Dordrecht: Springer.
4491:"Ferrara's bread â IGP"
3684:Hearder, Harry (1994).
3539:Encyclopedia Britannica
3364:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
3179:, Wales, United Kingdom
2976:International relations
2858:pasticcio di maccheroni
2700:In the third season of
2581:The Ferrarese musician
1826:, and hence called the
1644:Romanesque architecture
598:
434:330/km (850/sq mi)
56:
5751:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
5631:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
4379:"The Palio of Ferrara"
4311:: CS1 maint: others (
3763:Zamagni, Vera (1993).
3559:Tuohy, Thomas (2002).
2908:and grilled or stewed
2820:The signature dish is
2810:
2739:
2690:The Profession of Arms
2675:Michelangelo Antonioni
2639:Michelangelo Antonioni
2538:, the famous medieval
2534:Ferrara gave birth to
2531:
2473:, as typographer) and
2409:
2325:
1899:
1838:. Among the finest is
1752:was built in 1385 for
1746:
1691:
1631:
1601:
1046:
991:
807:
802:, a Roman goddess, by
749:, but at the death of
676:
359:
75:
5867:Campello sul Clitunno
5539:Piazza Grande, Modena
4874:Ilaria Pavan (2006).
4816:Enciclopedia Treccani
4801:Enciclopedia Treccani
4624:(in Italian). Ferrara
4545:Ferrara Terra e Acqua
4520:Ferrara Terra e Acqua
4495:Ferrara Terra e Acqua
3507:Touring Club of Italy
3404:Turfa, Jean MacIntosh
3226:European Union portal
2801:
2737:
2620:Johann Sebastian Bach
2611:) is a collection of
2571:Olympia Fulvia Morata
2561:During the time that
2542:priest and leader of
2526:
2403:
2354:Piero della Francesca
2346:Leon Battista Alberti
2323:
2256:Pierre-Augustin Hulin
2180:, established in 1485
1915:Historical population
1897:
1744:
1687:
1679:Leon Battista Alberti
1622:
1599:
1044:
989:
824:Emperor Frederick III
798:
670:
467: ⢠Summer (
413:9 m (30 ft)
5554:Porticoes of Bologna
5137:The Comunale Theatre
5099:IT\ICCU\BVE\0266908.
5054:Adriano Franceschini
5048:IT\ICCU\FER\0190433.
5035:IT\ICCU\PUV\1423725.
5010:IT\ICCU\UFE\0979179.
4904:IT\ICCU\PAR\1233731.
4898:L'invisibile ovunque
4869:IT\ICCU\FER\0180423.
4856:IT\ICCU\CAG\1325138.
4843:IT\ICCU\UFE\0838673.
4830:IT\ICCU\MIL\0064484.
4765:IT\ICCU\VEA\0042366.
3955:. pp. 189â215.
2897:, a very big, cured
2822:cappellacci di zucca
2788:Palasport di Ferrara
2583:Girolamo Frescobaldi
2434:Matteo Maria Boiardo
2390:Palazzo dei Diamanti
1840:Palazzo dei Diamanti
1534:Italian Constitution
814:was created duke of
753:in 1115 it became a
735:Exarchate of Ravenna
431: ⢠Density
5917:Peschiera del Garda
5863:Temple of Clitumnus
5848:Cividale del Friuli
5208:Province of Ferrara
4443:www.ferrarainfo.com
3921:on 18 February 2017
3738:Foot, John (2014).
2875:ragĂš alla bolognese
2780:Kleb Basket Ferrara
2536:Girolamo Savonarola
2511:set her 2009 novel
2419:Jerusalem Delivered
2370:Francesco del Cossa
2310:Italian Renaissance
2219:Italian unification
1916:
1813:Nicolaus Copernicus
1772:was decorated with
1760:, the signs of the
1614:Bartolino da Novara
1268:Daily mean °C (°F)
869:
840:patrons of the arts
658:Timeline of Ferrara
646:World Heritage Site
622:province of Ferrara
582:[ferËraËra]
303: /
209:Location of Ferrara
169:From top left: The
5755:San Leucio Complex
5130:2005-02-06 at the
4600:"Bosco Eliceo DOC"
4471:. 20 December 2017
4469:TheStadiumBusiness
4352:"PALIO DI FERRARA"
4332:Finestre sull Arte
4263:Butt, John (ed.).
4204:The New York Times
3535:www.britannica.com
3408:The Etruscan world
3311:"Popolazione 2016"
2836:and flavored with
2828:with a filling of
2811:
2740:
2703:Medici (TV Series)
2648:Long Night in 1943
2643:Florestano Vancini
2593:music in the late
2558:(Rodrigo Borgia).
2532:
2529:Borso d'Este Bible
2504:Long Night in 1943
2471:JerĂłnimo de Vargas
2439:Orlando Innamorato
2410:
2386:Giorgio de Chirico
2326:
2230:Republic of France
2146:Orthodox Christian
1900:
1860:Ercole dei Roberti
1795:Ferrara University
1750:Palazzo Schifanoia
1747:
1692:
1632:
1602:
1516:), composed by 12
1510:Consiglio Comunale
1096:another earthquake
1047:
1012:Congress of Vienna
992:
935:after joining the
808:
751:Matilda of Tuscany
697:Valli di Comacchio
677:
612:(municipality) in
444:Ferraresi, Estensi
423: ⢠Total
402: ⢠Total
382: ⢠Mayor
6307:
6306:
5982:
5981:
5885:Monte Sant'Angelo
5798:Barumini nuraghes
5716:Certosa di Padula
5408:Monte San Giorgio
5327:
5326:
5314:Vigarano Mainarda
5264:Jolanda di Savoia
5071:978-88-222-5741-3
4944:978-88-98786-06-0
4920:978-88-97320-03-6
4746:978-88-89248-21-8
4723:978-88-89248-14-0
4701:978-88-89248-06-5
4679:978-88-98086-23-8
4578:978-1-11879-193-6
4273:, p. 139., 1997.
3798:978-88-95014-00-5
2716:Castle of Oliveto
2680:Beyond the Clouds
2556:Pope Alexander VI
2338:Vicino da Ferrara
2330:School of Ferrara
2234:Johann von Klenau
2226:Holy Roman Empire
2118:
2117:
1890:Parks and gardens
1876:Girolamo da Carpi
1864:School of Ferrara
1829:Addizione Erculea
1780:Domenico di Paris
1703:Early Middle Ages
1577:Fratelli d'Italia
1486:
1485:
1136:humid subtropical
1124:Idrovia Ferrarese
1016:Empire of Austria
1010:. After the 1815
949:Battle of Ravenna
939:. In 1509 he was
937:League of Cambrai
913:
912:
851:Erculean Addition
834:and, especially,
804:Bartolomeo Veneto
761:Adelardi and the
620:, capital of the
603:[ËfraËra]
542:
541:
498:Dialing code
372:
307:44.833°N 11.617°E
245:Show map of Italy
87:Comune di Ferrara
16:(Redirected from
6357:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5986:
5531:Modena Cathedral
5439:Rhaetian Railway
5354:
5347:
5340:
5331:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5168:
5121:
5120:
5118:Official website
5100:
5075:
5049:
5036:
5011:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4953:
4947:. Archived from
4936:
4924:
4905:
4889:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4831:
4812:
4797:
4788:
4766:
4750:
4727:
4705:
4683:
4644:Acerbi, Enrico.
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4387:. Archived from
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4287:
4281:
4272:
4260:
4254:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4171:
4165:
4144:
4138:
4125:
4119:
4110:
4104:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4023:
4017:
4016:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3953:Brill Publishers
3940:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3844:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3531:"Ferrara, Italy"
3527:
3521:
3520:
3499:
3478:
3477:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3140:, Czech Republic
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
2964:of the area, an
2885:first course is
2881:The traditional
2830:butternut squash
2782:competes in the
2720:Castelfiorentino
2663:Benito Mussolini
2659:Vittorio De Sica
2489:Ercole II d'Este
2424:Ludovico Ariosto
2382:Filippo de Pisis
2378:Giovanni Boldini
2342:Giovanni Bellini
2287:Vittorio de Sica
2191:
2173:
2161:Jewish community
1930:
1925:
1917:
1809:Ludovico Ariosto
1791:Palazzo Paradiso
1788:
1754:Alberto V d'Este
1738:(16th century).
1715:
1664:
1572:
1571:
1558:Democratic Party
1553:
1552:
1531:
1530:
1502:Italian communes
1146:
1138:(Cfa) under the
1076:Second World War
1072:synthetic rubber
1059:land reclamation
1026:on the site the
876:
870:
791:Duchy of Ferrara
771:Obizzo II d'Este
747:House of Canossa
606:) is a city and
605:
592:
591:
590:
584:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
538:
535:
533:
531:
472:
369:
364:
318:
317:
315:
314:
313:
308:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
279:
265:
264:
258:
246:
232:
231:
225:
196:
186:
171:Castello Estense
162:
151:
142:
131:
122:
111:
102:
80:
67:
59:
48:
21:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6249:Reggio Calabria
6127:
6071:
6040:
6019:
6016:Cities in Italy
6013:
5983:
5978:
5923:
5826:
5783:Aeolian Islands
5769:
5765:Sassi di Matera
5740:Historic Centre
5670:
5621:Hadrian's Villa
5578:
5516:Le Colline del
5487:
5387:Historic center
5363:
5358:
5328:
5323:
5289:Poggio Renatico
5210:
5195:
5162:Local Newspaper
5132:Wayback Machine
5116:
5115:
5107:
5093:
5078:
5072:
5052:
5039:
5029:
5014:
5001:
4993:
4991:
4980:
4965:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4934:
4927:
4921:
4908:
4892:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4810:
4795:
4785:
4769:
4753:
4747:
4730:
4724:
4708:
4702:
4686:
4680:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4653:Further reading
4641:
4636:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4547:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4384:Financial Times
4376:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4334:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4303:
4298:
4296:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4214:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4183:
4181:
4179:Tablet Magazine
4173:
4172:
4168:
4145:
4141:
4126:
4122:
4111:
4107:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4057:
4055:
4054:. Demo.istat.it
4050:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4013:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3501:
3500:
3481:
3474:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3357:, ed. (1911). "
3353:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3065:
3062:, United States
3052:
3039:
3026:
3013:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2978:
2939:chocolate pie,
2868:, studded with
2850:bolognese sauce
2796:
2784:Serie A2 Basket
2761:
2732:
2708:Girolamo Riario
2669:. Furthermore,
2632:
2609:Musical Flowers
2579:
2563:RenĂŠe of France
2521:
2493:Giorgio Bassani
2455:version of the
2429:Orlando Furioso
2406:Orlando Furioso
2398:
2334:Andrea Mantegna
2318:
2312:and the Shoah.
2277:Giorgio Bassani
2271:of provisions.
2207:Ercole I d'Este
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:Jewish cemetery
2192:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2163:
2158:
1912:
1892:
1856:Francesco Cossa
1824:Biagio Rossetti
1803:and letters by
1800:Orlando furioso
1782:
1728:Ippolito d'Este
1709:
1658:
1594:
1589:
1514:Giunta Comunale
1498:
1492:
1487:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1132:
1104:
1055:industrial hemp
984:
964:RenĂŠe of France
929:Lucrezia Borgia
874:
865:
847:Biagio Rossetti
793:
787:
777:in 1288 and of
665:
660:
654:
587:
586:
585:
577:
552:
548:
528:
492:
466:
311:
309:
305:
302:
297:
294:
292:
290:
289:
283:
282:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:
266:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
233:
211:
210:
202:
201:
200:
199:
190:
189:
174:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
154:
153:
152:
144:
143:
134:
133:
132:
124:
123:
114:
113:
112:
104:
103:
81:
68:
61:
53:
46:
43:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6363:
6361:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6312:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5966:
5963:
5941:
5935:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5732:
5723:
5718:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5598:
5588:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5528:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5468:
5463:
5455:
5450:
5436:
5431:
5410:
5405:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5373:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5334:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:Terre del Reno
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5198:Emilia-Romagna
5196:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5122:
5113:
5106:
5105:External links
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5076:
5070:
5050:
5037:
5027:
5012:
5004:Arte e bottega
4999:
4978:
4963:
4943:
4925:
4919:
4906:
4890:
4884:
4871:
4858:
4845:
4832:
4819:
4804:
4789:
4783:
4767:
4757:, ed. (1985).
4751:
4745:
4728:
4722:
4706:
4700:
4684:
4678:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4613:
4591:
4577:
4557:
4532:
4507:
4482:
4456:
4430:
4404:
4369:
4343:
4318:
4282:
4255:
4238:
4223:
4190:
4166:
4139:
4120:
4105:
4089:
4083:978-0262610483
4082:
4064:
4043:
4018:
4012:978-0415267090
4011:
3993:
3987:978-0824047894
3986:
3968:
3962:978-9004243613
3961:
3932:
3906:
3884:
3862:
3856:978-0521408486
3855:
3829:
3823:978-0792323556
3822:
3804:
3797:
3780:
3774:978-0198287735
3773:
3755:
3749:978-0230360334
3748:
3730:
3724:978-9044110920
3723:
3701:
3695:978-0582491465
3694:
3676:
3670:978-0582057586
3669:
3651:
3645:978-0226554037
3644:
3626:
3620:978-8772890500
3619:
3601:
3595:978-0521792486
3594:
3576:
3570:978-0521522632
3569:
3551:
3522:
3515:
3479:
3473:978-0313307331
3472:
3451:
3444:
3423:
3417:978-0415673082
3416:
3406:, ed. (2013).
3395:
3388:
3370:
3355:Chisholm, Hugh
3324:
3302:
3280:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3229:
3215:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3180:
3167:
3154:
3141:
3128:
3115:
3102:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2997:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2966:alluvial plain
2894:salama da sugo
2872:mushrooms and
2866:BĂŠchamel sauce
2795:
2792:
2760:
2757:
2731:
2728:
2712:Pope Sixtus IV
2683:in (1995) and
2636:film directors
2631:
2628:
2604:Fiori musicali
2578:
2575:
2520:
2517:
2414:Torquato Tasso
2397:
2394:
2358:Battista Dossi
2317:
2314:
2194:Graves in the
2193:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2142:Roman Catholic
2116:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
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1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
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1954:
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1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1908:
1891:
1888:
1793:, part of the
1736:Cesare Filippi
1677:attributed to
1667:Last Judgement
1648:eclectic style
1638:, designed by
1627:façade of the
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1491:
1488:
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1479:
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1473:
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1463:
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1399:
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1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
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1199:
1195:
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1191:
1188:
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1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1103:
1100:
1080:Pontelagoscuro
1065:and eradicate
1028:Castel Tedaldo
983:
980:
945:Pope Julius II
941:excommunicated
911:
910:
903:
899:
898:
893:
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
863:
855:urban planning
789:Main article:
786:
783:
664:
661:
653:
650:
618:Northern Italy
614:Emilia-Romagna
540:
539:
526:
522:
521:
518:
514:
513:
508:
504:
503:
500:
494:
493:
491:44121 to 44124
490:
488:
484:
483:
473:
463:
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452:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
420:
419:
415:
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411:
407:
406:
403:
399:
398:
394:
393:
383:
379:
378:
374:
373:
365:
355:
354:
348:
342:
341:
339:Emilia-Romagna
336:
330:
329:
324:
320:
319:
312:44.833; 11.617
285:
284:
274:
268:
267:
260:
259:
253:
252:
251:
250:
241:
235:
234:
227:
226:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
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204:
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197:
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187:
181:
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168:
157:
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146:
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137:
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126:
125:
117:
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106:
105:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
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89:
83:
82:
73:
70:
69:
51:
44:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6362:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Reggio Emilia
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6018:by population
6017:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5730:Villa Poppaea
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:San Gimignano
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5626:Medici villas
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5526:Valdobbiadene
5523:
5519:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5377:Crespi d'Adda
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5355:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Portomaggiore
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5192:
5187:
5185:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5058:Paolo Ravenna
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5028:9789048193257
5024:
5020:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4990:on 2018-08-18
4989:
4985:
4981:
4979:9788828323723
4975:
4971:
4970:
4964:
4954:on 2020-11-22
4950:
4946:
4940:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4885:88-420-7899-9
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4848:AAVV (1998).
4846:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4784:88-06-18259-5
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4755:Paolo Ravenna
4752:
4748:
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4703:
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4470:
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4457:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4393:on 2022-12-10
4391:
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4308:
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4286:
4283:
4280:
4279:0-521-58780-8
4276:
4270:
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4259:
4256:
4252:
4251:0-19-816576-5
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4022:
4019:
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4008:
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3356:
3351:
3350:public domain
3337:
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3333:
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3329:
3325:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3290:
3284:
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3240:Cities portal
3230:
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3151:Saint-Ătienne
3147:
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3139:
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3129:
3126:
3121:
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3103:
3100:
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3060:Highland Park
3056:
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3012:
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2946:zuppa inglese
2942:
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2907:
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2727:
2726:of Florence.
2725:
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2656:
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2649:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2624:Maurizio Moro
2621:
2617:
2614:
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2606:
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2600:
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2514:
2513:Sacred Hearts
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:Duarte Pinhel
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:Sephardi Jews
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2448:Ferrara Bible
2443:
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2144:, with small
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2025:
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1995:
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1868:Lorenzo Costa
1865:
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1778:mouldings by
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1077:
1074:. During the
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
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1008:French Empire
1005:
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981:
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767:House of Este
764:
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288:Coordinates:
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88:
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58:
49:
41:
37:
30:
19:
6345:Papal States
6173:
5853:Castelseprio
5689:Amalfi Coast
5666:Villa d'Este
5511:
5458:
5429:Cinque Terre
5413:Porto Venere
5274:Masi Torello
5248:
5201:
5081:
5061:
5041:
5017:
5003:
4992:. Retrieved
4988:the original
4968:
4956:. Retrieved
4949:the original
4930:
4910:
4897:
4875:
4862:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4814:
4811:(in Italian)
4799:
4796:(in Italian)
4774:
4758:
4736:
4713:
4691:
4669:
4626:. Retrieved
4616:
4604:. Retrieved
4594:
4582:. Retrieved
4567:
4560:
4548:. Retrieved
4544:
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4523:. Retrieved
4519:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4494:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4468:
4459:
4447:. Retrieved
4442:
4433:
4421:. Retrieved
4416:
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4390:the original
4382:
4372:
4360:. Retrieved
4355:
4346:
4335:. Retrieved
4331:
4321:
4297:, retrieved
4291:
4285:
4264:
4258:
4241:
4232:
4226:
4215:. Retrieved
4203:
4193:
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4178:
4169:
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4157:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4133:
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4099:
4092:
4073:
4067:
4056:. Retrieved
4046:
4034:. Retrieved
4028:
4021:
4002:
3996:
3977:
3971:
3944:
3923:. Retrieved
3919:the original
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3865:
3840:
3832:
3813:
3807:
3788:
3783:
3764:
3758:
3740:Modern Italy
3739:
3733:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3685:
3679:
3660:
3654:
3635:
3629:
3610:
3604:
3585:
3579:
3560:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3534:
3525:
3502:
3463:
3435:
3407:
3398:
3379:
3373:
3362:
3315:. Retrieved
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3283:
3271:. Retrieved
3261:
3212:Italy portal
3021:Buenos Aires
2990:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2777:
2762:
2741:
2724:Pucci family
2701:
2699:
2688:
2685:Ermanno Olmi
2678:
2667:World War II
2652:
2646:
2633:
2608:
2602:
2580:
2560:
2548:book burning
2533:
2527:A page from
2512:
2509:Sarah Dunant
2502:
2496:
2484:
2470:
2446:
2444:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2327:
2294:
2291:
2280:
2273:
2260:
2223:
2203:
2123:
2119:
1910:Demographics
1901:
1847:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1798:
1773:
1758:Borso d'Este
1748:
1722:
1700:
1693:
1633:
1603:
1592:Architecture
1569:Forza Italia
1542:
1537:
1513:
1509:
1506:City Council
1499:
1412:mm (inches)
1133:
1105:
1093:
1048:
1020:bastion fort
1004:client-state
996:Papal States
993:
976:Papal States
953:
933:Italian Wars
914:
844:
828:Pope Paul II
812:Borso d'Este
809:
799:
785:Early modern
755:free commune
737:. Later the
724:
701:
678:
607:
544:
543:
507:Patron saint
367:
198:Coat of arms
86:
5961:Switzerland
5933:Switzerland
5883:located at
5874:located at
5872:Santa Sofia
5865:located at
5831:Countrywide
5817:Val di Noto
5721:Herculaneum
5684:Alberobello
5661:Val d'Orcia
5459:Sacri Monti
5299:Riva del Po
4733:Carlo Bassi
4710:Carlo Bassi
4688:Carlo Bassi
4666:Carlo Bassi
4606:27 December
4550:27 December
4525:27 December
4500:27 December
4475:28 December
4449:28 December
4423:28 December
4397:28 December
4362:28 December
4036:29 December
3899:28 December
3544:13 December
3317:30 December
3190:Szombathely
3023:, Argentina
2991:Ferrara is
2951:sponge cake
2888:cappelletti
2815:Middle Ages
2806:salami and
2671:Wim Wenders
2595:Renaissance
2567:John Calvin
2552:Renaissance
2416:(author of
2362:Dosso Dossi
2252:Montrichard
2176:The town's
1904:brick walls
1872:Dosso Dossi
1852:Cosimo Tura
1807:as well as
1783: [
1766:allegorical
1710: [
1659: [
1610:manor house
1606:Este Castle
1522:Alan Fabbri
1120:Padan plain
1084:Montecatini
1063:arable land
1024:Pope Paul V
905:1995 (19th
902:Inscription
634:Renaissance
487:Postal code
386:Alan Fabbri
310: /
6314:Categories
6024:1,000,000+
5974:Montenegro
5803:Mount Etna
5694:Appian Way
5522:Conegliano
5483:Monferrato
5449:Landscapes
5403:Sabbioneta
5309:Tresignana
5092:1135455716
4994:2018-10-25
4958:2018-10-25
4771:Bruno Zevi
4657:See also:
4639:References
4628:2022-03-21
4337:2023-03-19
4299:2024-07-09
4217:2019-05-06
4184:2018-01-29
4058:2009-05-05
3925:18 October
3389:0719057396
3101:, Slovenia
3086:Kaufbeuren
2985:See also:
2953:soaked in
2860:, a domed
2824:, special
2613:liturgical
2597:and early
2479:Portuguese
2396:Literature
2366:CosmĂŠ Tura
2316:Visual art
2299:, Italy's
2243:Borgoforte
1817:Paracelsus
1723:terracotta
1707:Casa Romei
1640:Wiligelmus
1494:See also:
1490:Government
1051:sugar beet
972:Alfonso II
968:earthquake
763:Ghibelline
731:Desiderius
656:See also:
511:St. George
418:Population
377:Government
6189:Giugliano
5937:with the
5912:Palmanova
5876:Benevento
5606:Tarquinia
5602:Cerveteri
5507:Dolomites
5493:Northeast
5369:Northwest
5284:Ostellato
5269:Lagosanto
5254:Fiscaglia
5239:Comacchio
4292:Innocents
4212:0362-4331
4162:Data Book
4154:Nauendorf
3505:. Milan:
3192:, Hungary
3112:Krasnodar
3088:, Germany
3073:Kallithea
3049:, Germany
2955:Alchermes
2936:pampepato
2883:Christmas
2808:muskmelon
2730:Festivals
2587:composers
2540:Dominican
2350:Pisanello
2289:in 1970.
2268:magazines
2247:Mirandola
2239:Lagoscuro
2221:in 1859.
2178:Synagogue
2138:East Asia
1770:vestibule
1675:campanile
1656:Nicholaus
1652:campanile
1629:Cathedral
1587:Cityscape
1550:Lega Nord
1528:Lega Nord
1518:assessors
1102:Geography
960:Louis XII
956:Ercole II
925:Alfonso I
892:Reference
716:Byzantine
712:Boccaccio
517:Saint day
450:Time zone
410:Elevation
6274:Syracuse
6234:Piacenza
6169:Cagliari
6132:100,000+
6098:Florence
6076:200,000+
6045:500,000+
5957:Slovenia
5939:Holy See
5808:Syracuse
5726:Oplontis
5616:Florence
5518:Prosecco
5501:Aquileia
5417:Palmaria
5319:Voghiera
5234:Codigoro
5128:Archived
5056:(2007).
4896:(2015).
4773:(2006).
4712:(2012).
4690:(2015).
4668:(2015).
4584:24 March
4307:citation
4146:Acerbi,
4129:Baiocchi
4112:Acerbi,
3509:. 2005.
3295:16 March
3273:16 March
3198:See also
3164:Sarajevo
3153:, France
3138:Prague 1
3114:, Russia
3075:, Greece
2941:tenerina
2862:macaroni
2834:Parmesan
2591:keyboard
2544:Florence
2519:Religion
2459:used by
2297:Hanukkah
2250:General
2245:and the
2215:Napoleon
2111:Source:
1866:include
1477:(24.58)
1408:Average
1108:Po river
1088:plastics
1057:. Large
1032:Austrian
919:against
883:Criteria
836:Ercole I
832:Lionello
810:In 1452
693:Po river
683:town of
681:Etruscan
630:Po River
578:Italian:
534:.ferrara
520:April 23
440:Demonyms
361:Frazioni
346:Province
36:Ferraria
6330:Ferrara
6299:Vicenza
6279:Taranto
6269:Sassari
6264:Salerno
6244:Ravenna
6229:Pescara
6224:Perugia
6199:Livorno
6174:Ferrara
6164:Brescia
6159:Bolzano
6154:Bergamo
6113:Trieste
6103:Messina
6093:Catania
6088:Bologna
6062:Palermo
5970:Croatia
5953:Germany
5945:Austria
5907:Bergamo
5858:Spoleto
5843:Brescia
5775:Islands
5760:Pompeii
5708:Paestum
5584:Central
5559:Ravenna
5512:Ferrara
5447:Bernina
5441:in the
5425:Tinetto
5249:Ferrara
5244:Copparo
5224:Bondeno
5219:Argenta
5206:of the
5200:·
5060:(ed.).
4894:Wu Ming
4813:in the
4807:FERRARA
4798:in the
4792:FERRARA
4735:(ed.).
4158:Ferrara
3877:30 June
3359:Ferrara
3352::
3177:Swansea
3127:, Spain
3047:Giessen
3036:, Italy
3010:, Italy
2993:twinned
2962:terroir
2899:sausage
2870:porcini
2826:ravioli
2794:Cuisine
2769:Serie A
2748:Buskers
2599:Baroque
2468:Marrano
2465:Spanish
2305:Fascist
2156:Culture
2134:Albania
2130:Ukraine
2126:Italian
2103:129,872
2092:132,545
2081:130,992
2070:138,015
2059:149,453
2048:154,066
2037:152,654
2026:133,949
2015:119,265
2004:115,628
1993:106,768
1848:palazzo
1844:diamond
1835:palazzi
1732:Camillo
1671:baroque
1524:of the
1504:is the
1472:(1.74)
1467:(2.69)
1462:(2.91)
1457:(2.51)
1452:(1.59)
1447:(1.41)
1442:(2.34)
1437:(2.38)
1432:(2.11)
1427:(1.79)
1422:(1.72)
1417:(1.39)
1403:(47.0)
1398:(33.3)
1393:(41.9)
1388:(49.6)
1383:(56.3)
1378:(63.5)
1373:(63.0)
1368:(59.0)
1363:(51.6)
1358:(44.1)
1353:(37.6)
1348:(32.2)
1343:(31.5)
1333:(57.0)
1328:(39.2)
1323:(48.4)
1318:(58.6)
1313:(67.6)
1308:(75.9)
1303:(75.4)
1298:(71.4)
1293:(63.7)
1288:(55.8)
1283:(48.6)
1278:(41.4)
1273:(37.9)
1263:(66.9)
1258:(45.1)
1253:(54.9)
1248:(67.3)
1243:(78.8)
1238:(88.0)
1233:(87.6)
1228:(83.7)
1223:(75.7)
1218:(67.3)
1213:(59.5)
1208:(50.2)
1203:(44.4)
1130:Climate
1112:Bologna
1067:malaria
1006:of the
907:Session
727:Lombard
720:castrum
708:Tacitus
689:lagoons
652:History
626:Bologna
595:Emilian
545:Ferrara
532:.comune
525:Website
426:132,009
351:Ferrara
323:Country
298:11°37â˛E
295:44°50â˛N
269:Ferrara
236:Ferrara
64:Emilian
52:Ferrara
40:Ferrera
18:Ferarra
6289:Trento
6259:Rimini
6214:Novara
6204:Modena
6194:Latina
6179:Foggia
6149:Arezzo
6144:Andria
6139:Ancona
6123:Verona
6118:Venice
6052:Naples
5959:, and
5949:France
5735:Naples
5656:Urbino
5636:Pienza
5592:Assisi
5569:Verona
5564:Venice
5475:Langhe
5443:Albula
5399:Mantua
5279:Mesola
5203:Comuni
5089:
5068:
5025:
4976:
4941:
4917:
4882:
4809:entry
4794:entry
4781:
4743:
4720:
4698:
4676:
4575:
4277:
4249:
4210:
4080:
4009:
3984:
3959:
3949:London
3853:
3820:
3795:
3771:
3746:
3721:
3692:
3667:
3642:
3617:
3592:
3567:
3513:
3470:
3442:
3414:
3386:
3346:
3125:Lleida
3034:Formia
2995:with:
2957:. The
2928:kosher
2919:coppia
2842:butter
2838:nutmeg
2804:garlic
2630:Cinema
2457:Tanakh
2453:Ladino
2432:) and
2408:, 1634
2374:Titian
2263:ducats
2211:ghetto
2150:Jewish
2040:+14.0%
2029:+12.3%
1996:+11.5%
1985:+17.7%
1982:95,721
1974:+15.4%
1971:81,301
1960:70,442
1949:67,306
1938:64,204
1775:stucco
1762:zodiac
1625:Gothic
1154:Month
1116:Venice
921:Venice
820:Reggio
816:Modena
779:Reggio
775:Modena
759:Guelph
743:Papacy
739:Franks
642:UNESCO
609:comune
334:Region
77:Comune
60:
6294:Udine
6284:Terni
6239:Prato
6219:Parma
6209:Monza
6184:ForlĂŹ
6108:Padua
6067:Genoa
6057:Turin
6036:Milan
5968:with
5943:with
5931:with
5712:Velia
5676:South
5651:Siena
5479:Roero
5394:Ivrea
5382:Genoa
5229:Cento
4952:(PDF)
4935:(PDF)
3713:[
3254:Notes
3099:Koper
3008:Broni
2906:clams
2856:, is
2759:Sport
2744:Palio
2616:organ
2577:Music
2477:(the
2113:ISTAT
2106:â2.0%
2095:+1.2%
2084:â5.1%
2073:â7.7%
2062:â3.0%
2051:+0.9%
2018:+3.1%
2007:+8.3%
1963:+4.7%
1952:+4.8%
1805:Tasso
1787:]
1714:]
1663:]
1475:624.3
1193:Year
800:Flora
729:king
704:Roman
685:Spina
644:as a
599:FrĂ ra
476:UTC+2
455:UTC+1
327:Italy
57:FrĂ ra
6083:Bari
6031:Rome
5972:and
5810:and
5753:and
5728:and
5710:and
5641:Rome
5604:and
5594:and
5537:and
5505:The
5481:and
5423:and
5421:Tino
5401:and
5259:Goro
5087:ISBN
5066:ISBN
5023:ISBN
4974:ISBN
4939:ISBN
4915:ISBN
4880:ISBN
4779:ISBN
4741:ISBN
4718:ISBN
4696:ISBN
4674:ISBN
4608:2017
4586:2020
4573:ISBN
4552:2017
4527:2017
4502:2017
4477:2017
4451:2017
4425:2017
4399:2017
4364:2017
4313:link
4275:ISBN
4247:ISBN
4208:ISSN
4078:ISBN
4038:2017
4007:ISBN
3982:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3927:2012
3901:2017
3879:2024
3851:ISBN
3818:ISBN
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