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In performance, a solo fiddler, or one or two with a group of other instrumentalists, is the norm, though twin fiddling is represented in some North
American, Scandinavian, Scottish and Irish styles. Following the folk revivals of the second half of the 20th century, it became common for less formal
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West
African fiddlers have accompanied singing and dancing with one-string gourd fiddles since the twelfth century , and many black musicians in America learned on similar homemade fiddles before switching over to the European violin. As early as the mid-1600s, black fiddlers ("exquisite performers
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The difference was likely compounded by the different sounds expected of violin music and fiddle music. Historically, the majority of fiddle music was dance music, while violin music had either grown out of dance music or was something else entirely. Violin music came to value a smoothness that
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fiddling, with its dance-driven clear beat, did not always follow. In situations that required greater volume, a fiddler (as long as they kept the beat) could push their instrument harder than could a violinist. Various fiddle traditions have differing values.
582:. These contrasting traditions may be vestiges of historical performance settings: large concert halls where violins were played required more instruments, before electronic amplification, than did more intimate dance halls and houses that fiddlers played in.
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In the very late 20th century, a few artists successfully reconstructed the
Scottish tradition of violin and "big fiddle", or cello. Notable recorded examples include Iain Fraser and Christine Hanson, Amelia Kaminski and Christine Hanson's Bonnie Lasses,
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on three-stringed fiddles") were playing for both black and white dancers at street celebrations in the Dutch settlement of New
Amsterdam (New York City), and by 1690 slave fiddlers were routinely providing the music at plantation balls in Virginia.
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at the player's discretion, in contrast to orchestral performances, which adhere to the composer's notes to reproduce a work faithfully. It is less common for a classically trained violinist to play folk music, but today, many fiddlers (e.g.,
367:. Although in many cases violins and fiddles are essentially synonymous, the style of the music played may determine specific construction differences between fiddles and classical violins. For example, fiddles may optionally be set up with a
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also referred to a predecessor of today's violin. Like the violin, it tended to have four strings, but came in a variety of shapes and sizes. Another family of instruments that contributed to the development of the modern fiddle are the
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involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings. To produce a "brighter" tone than the deep tones of gut or synthetic core strings, fiddlers often use steel strings. The fiddle is part of many traditional
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are musicians who play it. Among musical styles, fiddling tends to produce rhythms that focus on dancing, with associated quick note changes, whereas classical music tends to contain more
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makes up part of a traditional rhythm section in
Hungarian folk music. The flat bridge lets the musician play three-string chords. A three-stringed double bass variant is also used.
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Margaret J. Kartomi: On
Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990 p. 124.
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fiddling, with influences from both Ozark and
Midwestern fiddle styles, though with a strong emphasis on competitive playing like Texas fiddling.
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bowing and may from time to time "play the bass", meaning a second fiddler may play a melody an octave below where a first fiddler is playing it.
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being less standard yet still common additions to a band. In
Hungary, a three-stringed viola variant with a flat bridge, called the
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2580:, background information on fiddlers of different French regions in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. In French.
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with a flatter arch to reduce the range of bow-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of
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are seen as an important part of the country's cultural identity, as celebrated during the opening ceremony of the
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To a greater extent than classical violin playing, fiddle playing is characterized by a huge variety of ethnic or
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was adopted independently in more than one would account adequately for all the forms; on the other hand,
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Hungarian, Slovenian, and
Romanian fiddle players are often accompanied by a three-stringed variant of the
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2429:. Has transcriptions (standard notation) and analysis of tunes from multiple regional and ethnic styles.
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Lira spread widely westward to Europe; in the 11th and 12th centuries
European writers use the terms
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situations to find large groups of fiddlers playing togetherâsee for example the Calgary Fiddlers,
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fiddle style, which features "seconding", an improvised harmony part played by a second fiddler.
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This article is about the musical instrument and its playing styles. For the Indian film, see
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2550:, an encyclopedia of historical notes on tunes from British, Celtic, and American traditions
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may be an word of native etymology, although no satisfactory derivation has been found."
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Tradition, very closely related to the Highland tradition with major influence from the
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2000:"The Viol | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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Phil Jamison: Hoedowns, Reels, and Frolics. University of Illinois Press, 2015 p. 45.
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and sustained notes. Fiddling is also open to improvisation and embellishment with
363:. It is a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres, including
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Double shuffle: syncopated string crossing on a chord, with the top note changing.
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Orchestral violins, on the other hand, are commonly grouped in sections, or
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1919:(as access to the OED online is not free, the relevant excerpt is provided)
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tradition with simpler bowing and ornamentation but with tunes featuring
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721:. The style is characterised by "ringing strings" and syncopated rhythms.
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Gyles, Mary Francis (January 1947). "Nero Fiddled While Rome Burned".
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The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
2339:"Jackson School of International Studies - Canadian Studies Center"
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2421:, by David Reiner and Peter Anick (1989), Mel Bay Publications.
1822:"Alison Krauss - The bluegrass rose blooms | No Depression"
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or Downeast style of fiddling, which has many similarities to
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North American Fiddle Music: a research and information guide
907:, as well as playing the melody in two octaves as in Donegal.
2293:"Gu-Achi Fiddlers - Old Time O'odham Fiddle Music (CR-8082)"
123:
1145:, a broad category including traditional and modern styles
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dances. Fiddlers tend to play fast and make heavy use of
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traditions, each of which has its own distinctive sound.
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ZĆĂłbcoki (fiddles) - âInstruments with Soulâ documentary
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might even be the ancestor of the early Romance form of
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may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
1605:, the medieval bowed instrument of the Byzantine Empire
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Fiddlers participating in a session at a pub in Ireland
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tradition, highly influenced by the ornamentation and
603:' Fire and Grace, and Tim Macdonald and Jeremy Ward's
2165:"Some Old Lake Country Fiddlers and their Tune Books"
1864:. 2009. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online. 6 March 2009.
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folk-musician clubs, and the worldwide phenomenon of
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interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments.
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fiddling, faster and crisper bowing than Appalachia.
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1803:. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
993:, which uses both standard and Hardanger fiddles.
505:is uncertain: it probably derives from the Latin
474:and ancestor of most European bowed instruments.
1933:, Pr. viula, and (by adoption from these ) , ,
1239:fiddling and an emphasis on competitive playing.
1057:Klezmer fiddlers at a wedding, Ukraine, ca. 1925
969:, using the standard fiddle, but featuring some
2399:, by David Brody, (1983), Oak Publications. US
1335:", that is, tunes with irregular beat patterns.
839:and a Scottish-influenced repertoire including
40:"Fiddler" redirects here. For other uses, see
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2383:, by Marion Thede, (1970), Oak Publications.
1988:(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967), p. 109.
1440:, a type of music from Brazil, including the
1386:from 1921 to 1975, director from 1931 to 1955
695:fiddling has a repertoire largely based upon
326:
8:
516:The name appears to be related to Icelandic
47:
2145:. Tim Macdonald and Jeremy Ward. 2017-11-15
2004:The Metâs Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
1875:The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments
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2830:International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame
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2095:. Willockandsaxgallery.com. Archived from
2066:"Traditional Irish Music in New York City"
1854:
1852:
1762:Mel Bay's Old-Time Fiddling Across America
891:, characterized by a unique repertoire of
427:The first recorded reference to the bowed
333:
319:
205:
2825:International Bluegrass Music Association
2528:Learn how and when to remove this message
2295:. Store.canyonrecords.com. Archived from
2230:"Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Fiddle"
1764:. Mel Bay Publications, Inc. p. 37.
1516:musician, playing the Apache fiddle, 1886
1042:, heavily influenced by Swedish fiddling.
1937:: see . The supposition that the early
1723:
963:styles, both using the standard fiddle.
226:
2457:by Drew Beisswenger (2011) Routledge.
2025:
2015:
1310:, and the various homegrown styles of
1256:fiddling, with strong influences from
394:is the act of playing the fiddle, and
46:
2341:. Jsis.washington.edu. Archived from
1529:or phonofiddle, known in Romanian as
747:tradition with a repertoire heavy in
699:but also incorporates reels and jigs.
7:
2848:International Bluegrass Music Awards
2820:International Bluegrass Music Museum
2363:"Portrait of Chasi, Bonito's Son..."
2182:. Scotlandsmusic.com. Archived from
1760:Reiner, David; Anick, Peter (1989).
1325:, with a distinct Scottish influence
1031:, including the regional styles of:
470:), a bowed string instrument of the
1366:fiddling or Anglo-Canadian fiddling
2366:National Anthropological Archives.
1824:. 29 December 2016. Archived from
1070:, including an old tradition from
513:, or it may be natively Germanic.
25:
2843:Central Canadian Bluegrass Awards
2778:List of bluegrass music festivals
2207:. Irishfiddle.com. Archived from
1986:The Story of the English Language
1905:Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed
973:influenced by Finnish folk music.
388:" rather than via written music.
2477:
2272:"East European and Gypsy Fiddle"
1960:. Web.ff.cuni.cz. Archived from
1677:
812:), a recently revived tradition.
527:. A native Germanic ancestor of
209:
53:
2419:Oldtime Fiddling Across America
2120:. Culburnie.com. Archived from
2064:Webster, Andy (16 March 2012).
1907:. Oxford University Press. 1989
1235:fiddling, with influences from
1219:fiddling, highly influenced by
887:fiddling from the southwest in
831:fiddling from the northwest in
443:played in the Islamic Empires.
99:HornbostelâSachs classification
3277:which exist in various meters.
2804:List of bluegrass mandolinists
2205:"Regional Irish Fiddle Styles"
1998:Weinfield, Author: Elizabeth.
1636:also known as the wheel fiddle
1316:Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics
1013:), including traditions from:
953:), including traditions from:
509:, which is the early word for
431:was in the 9th century by the
380:) styles, which are typically
1:
2093:"Amelia Kaminski Productions"
1698:List of All-Ireland Champions
928:Kaustinen Folk Music Festival
3436:Scottish musical instruments
3421:American musical instruments
2773:Tottenham Bluegrass Festival
2768:Telluride Bluegrass Festival
1382:(1901â1985), fiddler of the
1306:Fiddling remains popular in
3416:English musical instruments
2794:List of bluegrass musicians
2435:, by Susan Songer, (1997),
724:A North East (particularly
419:) have classical training.
3462:
3406:Celtic musical instruments
2748:High Sierra Music Festival
1881:, USA (November 12, 1992).
1592:A nyckelharpa being played
1456:Africa, Asia and Australia
455:
39:
29:
3441:Welsh musical instruments
3431:Irish musical instruments
3411:Czech musical instruments
3401:Cajun musical instruments
3354:Fleadh Cheoil na hĂireann
2972:Traditional Irish singing
2856:
2763:Podunk Bluegrass Festival
2753:Festival of the Bluegrass
2556:between fiddle and violin
713:fiddling, which includes
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193:
177:
140:
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63:fiddler playing a fiddle.
52:
2368:(retrieved 11 June 2010)
2163:Gilchrist, Anne Geddes.
1264:and British repertoires.
717:tunes said to come from
42:Fiddler (disambiguation)
3380:RTĂ Radio 1 Folk Awards
2931:Irish traditional music
2799:List of bluegrass bands
2548:The Fiddler's Companion
2433:The Portland Collection
2180:"Scottish Fiddle Music"
2044:"The Session: Sessions"
1879:Oxford University Press
1861:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1795:Harris, Rodger (2009).
1213:of the Interior Alaska.
1137:The Holy Modal Rounders
1074:and a revived one from
983:styles, both using the
877:fiddling from northern
857:fiddling from northern
92:Bowed string instrument
27:Bowed string instrument
3213:Single and double jigs
2720:Sub- and fusion genres
2396:The Fiddler's Fakebook
2320:. Fiddlingaround.co.uk
2318:"Western Swing Fiddle"
2274:. Fiddlingaround.co.uk
2253:. Fiddlingaround.co.uk
2232:. Fiddlingaround.co.uk
1593:
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1493:Indian classical music
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768:Great Highland Bagpipe
751:and with heavy use of
736:bowing techniques and
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3359:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
2727:Traditional bluegrass
1958:"Bosworth and Toller"
1734:The Classical Journal
1591:
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1467:Australian folk music
1378:
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1200:fiddling, including:
1173:fiddling, including:
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3328:Cape Breton fiddling
2498:improve this article
1359:Cape Breton fiddling
1331:fiddling including "
1323:Cape Breton fiddling
1081:Hungarian folk music
922:The folk music band
825:fiddling including:
777:A West Highland and
679:fiddling, including
590:Scottish, with cello
3338:Scottish folk music
2836:Bluegrass Unlimited
2622:Typical instruments
2510:footnote references
1514:Warm Springs Apache
1499:Related instruments
1211:Athabaskan fiddling
1103:Mainland Portuguese
945:fiddling; see also
538:In medieval times,
135:Related instruments
49:
3333:English folk music
2787:Notable performers
2118:"Fire & Grace"
2071:The New York Times
2028:has generic name (
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1393:fiddling includes
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1245:Bluegrass fiddler
1221:Scandinavian music
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1049:Continental Europe
1005:playing; see also
939:Norwegian fiddling
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932:Kaustinen, Finland
867:fiddling southern
677:English folk music
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357:musical instrument
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111:Early 16th century
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3237:Hop and slip jigs
3028:Hammered dulcimer
2878:
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2741:Notable festivals
2689:Stylistic origins
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2463:978-0-415-99454-5
1771:978-0-7866-5381-2
1584:Distant relations
1312:Canadian fiddling
1143:American fiddling
1113:Romanian fiddling
1063:Austrian fiddling
835:, which features
705:Scottish fiddling
648:hĂĄromhĂșros brĂĄcsa
437:Ibn Khurradadhbih
343:
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204:
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162:family (includes
70:String instrument
16:(Redirected from
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3375:Gradam Ceoil TG4
3312:Pentatonic scale
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1750:
1728:
1703:List of fiddlers
1687:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1531:Vioara cu goarnÄ
1522:Hardanger fiddle
1446:fiddle tradition
1380:Silvestre Vargas
1364:English Canadian
1087:Italian fiddling
1029:Finnish fiddling
999:Swedish fiddling
985:Hardanger fiddle
914:Nordic countries
823:Irish folk music
745:Scottish Borders
472:Byzantine Empire
469:
457:
382:aural traditions
335:
328:
321:
213:
206:
181:List of fiddlers
57:
50:
21:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3363:
3342:
3316:
3307:Mixolydian mode
3280:
3267:Non-dance tunes
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3062:
2981:
2955:
2914:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2852:
2808:
2782:
2736:
2732:Czech bluegrass
2715:
2684:
2617:
2615:Bluegrass music
2612:
2534:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2495:
2486:This article's
2482:
2478:
2471:
2381:The Fiddle Book
2377:
2372:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2024:
2014:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1586:
1540:
1506:
1501:
1475:Chinese fiddles
1458:
1450:Peruvian violin
1434:
1424:ViolĂn tuxtleco
1384:Mariachi Vargas
1373:
1329:French Canadian
1304:
1279:
1262:French Canadian
1171:Native American
1151:
1126:
1121:
1098:Polish fiddling
1068:French fiddling
1051:
916:
819:
785:song tradition.
673:
668:
656:
616:
597:Alasdair Fraser
592:
553:
495:
425:
409:Alasdair Fraser
365:classical music
359:, most often a
339:
296:
293:
64:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3058:Uilleann pipes
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2946:Sean-nĂłs dance
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2711:Old-time music
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2560:Polish Fiddles
2557:
2551:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2490:external links
2485:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2469:External links
2467:
2466:
2465:
2452:
2430:
2416:
2392:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2355:
2330:
2309:
2284:
2263:
2242:
2221:
2196:
2178:Joseph Lyons.
2170:
2155:
2134:
2109:
2084:
2056:
2035:
1990:
1974:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1892:
1883:
1866:
1848:
1839:
1813:
1780:
1770:
1752:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1603:Byzantine lyra
1600:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1538:Near relations
1536:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:fiddling from
1476:
1470:
1464:
1462:African fiddle
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:ViolĂn mixteco
1425:
1422:
1421:ViolĂn-tambora
1419:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1397:Danza indĂgena
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1348:
1342:
1339:MĂ©tis fiddling
1336:
1326:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:style fiddling
1292:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1251:
1230:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1203:Fiddling from
1195:
1194:
1193:
1187:Tohono O'odham
1184:
1179:
1168:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1133:Peter Stampfel
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1065:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
996:
995:
994:
988:
974:
964:
915:
912:
911:
910:
909:
908:
885:Sliabh Luachra
882:
872:
862:
852:
845:Highland Fling
818:
815:
814:
813:
802:Welsh fiddling
799:
798:
797:
786:
775:
756:
741:
722:
702:
701:
700:
686:
672:
669:
667:
664:
655:
652:
622:âknown as the
615:
609:
591:
588:
573:Irish sessions
552:
549:
494:
491:
448:Byzantine lira
424:
421:
341:
340:
338:
337:
330:
323:
315:
312:
311:
305:
304:
298:
297:
290:
287:
286:
280:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
263:Musical styles
259:
258:
252:
251:
245:
244:
238:
237:
231:
230:
224:
223:
215:
214:
202:
201:
200:
199:
191:
190:
186:
185:
184:
183:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
157:
138:
137:
131:
130:
120:
119:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
89:
87:Classification
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
66:
65:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3458:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3120:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Country music
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2518:November 2017
2511:
2507:
2506:inappropriate
2503:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:0-9657476-1-1
2446:
2442:
2441:0-9657476-0-3
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:0-87166-766-5
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:0-7119-0309-3
2410:
2406:
2405:0-8256-0238-6
2402:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:0-8256-0145-2
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2345:on 2013-10-23
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2299:on 2012-08-03
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2211:on 2012-04-23
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2186:on 2012-04-19
2185:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2124:on 2011-09-28
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2099:on 2011-11-12
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2019:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1964:on 2013-10-23
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1828:on 2016-12-29
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1802:
1801:Okhistory.org
1798:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1741:(4): 211â17.
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Fleadh Cheoil
1691:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Apache fiddle
1596:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Indian fiddle
1486:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:South America
1431:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Son calentano
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:crooked tunes
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1295:Western swing
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:United States
1123:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
992:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
972:
971:flatted notes
968:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
936:
933:
929:
925:
920:
913:
906:
902:
899:, the use of
898:
894:
890:
886:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
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1414:Son huasteco
1405:Son arribeño
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1040:Ostrobothnia
926:at the 2015
901:double stops
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3302:Ionian mode
3297:Dorian mode
3160:Schottische
3053:Tin whistle
3048:Tenor banjo
2986:Instruments
2936:Irish dance
2912:Irish music
2651:Double bass
2554:Differences
2143:"The Wilds"
1708:Jazz violin
1665:morin khuur
1650:Nyckelharpa
1634:Hurdy-gurdy
1609:Cretan Lyra
1549:Double bass
1418:Son planeco
1254:New England
1247:Kenny Baker
1190:waila music
1149:Traditional
1007:Spelmanslag
1001:(including
941:(including
794:accidentals
734:Scotch snap
719:peerie folk
630:double bass
569:Spelmanslag
522:Old English
466:, English:
435:geographer
294:maintenance
164:double bass
76:Other names
3395:Categories
3155:Strathspey
3130:Barn dance
3067:Tune types
3013:Concertina
2349:2012-08-03
2324:2011-11-14
2303:2012-08-03
2278:2011-11-14
2257:2011-11-14
2236:2011-11-14
2215:2012-04-30
2190:2012-04-30
2149:2018-08-24
2128:2011-11-14
2103:2011-11-14
2077:6 February
2009:2018-04-09
1968:2012-04-30
1929:, whence
1911:2008-03-28
1858:"fiddle."
1807:2017-04-07
1797:"Fiddling"
1714:References
1483:Cape Verde
1469:traditions
1217:Midwestern
1205:Appalachia
1083:traditions
1011:Gammaldans
967:Finnskogen
961:Nord-Noreg
951:Gammaldans
841:Strathspey
764:mixolydian
660:folk music
292:Making and
235:Violinists
103:321.322-71
3321:Relations
2993:Accordion
2960:Folk song
2951:Set dance
2758:Merlefest
2678:technique
2673:resonator
2661:technique
2639:resonator
2502:excessive
2049:28 August
1982:Mario Pei
1943:*fiĂulĂŽn-
1719:Citations
1640:Kamancheh
1512:Chasi, a
1351:Maritimes
1283:Bluegrass
1268:Northwest
1258:Québécois
1035:Kaustinen
947:Bygdedans
943:Hardanger
779:Hebridean
749:hornpipes
697:hornpipes
605:The Wilds
551:Ensembles
520:and also
499:etymology
493:Etymology
384:âtaught "
373:bariolage
277:Acoustics
270:Technique
173:Musicians
108:Developed
3145:Hornpipe
3140:Highland
3043:Melodeon
3008:Bouzouki
2862:Category
2839:magazine
2668:Mandolin
2634:acoustic
2568:zĆĂłbcoki
2544:fiddling
2443:(Vol. 2
2018:cite web
1832:21 April
1671:See also
1645:Lijerica
1504:Variants
1401:Mariachi
1347:fiddling
1291:fiddling
1285:fiddling
1198:Old time
1177:Cherokee
1167:fiddling
1157:fiddling
1119:Americas
1109:fiddling
1094:fiddling
1076:Brittany
1017:JĂ€mtland
991:Setesdal
981:Telemark
869:Connacht
859:Connacht
849:staccato
837:mazurkas
760:Highland
711:Shetland
693:Cumbrian
689:Lakeland
638:clarinet
634:cimbalom
628:âand by
580:"chairs"
396:fiddlers
392:Fiddling
302:Luthiers
249:Fiddlers
220:a series
218:Part of
197:Luthiers
189:Builders
3446:Violins
3426:Fiddles
3271:Marches
3184:Mazurka
2998:BodhrĂĄn
2977:Lilting
2926:CĂšilidh
2919:General
2564:mazanki
2542:Faroese
2496:Please
2488:use of
2375:Sources
1747:3291751
1619:Gadulka
1560:LĂ„tfiol
1391:Mexican
1355:Acadian
1289:Country
1237:Mexican
1107:Azorean
1092:Klezmer
1072:CorrĂšze
1022:Dalarna
1003:LĂ„tfiol
889:Munster
879:Munster
829:Donegal
817:Ireland
804:(Welsh
774:rhythm.
632:, with
566:Swedish
433:Persian
423:History
400:vibrato
256:History
18:Fiddler
3285:Scales
3257:dances
3233:dances
3209:dances
3180:dances
3126:dances
3087:dances
3038:Lambeg
3018:Fiddle
2869:Portal
2656:Fiddle
2629:Guitar
2461:
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1939:vidula
1927:vidula
1923:vitula
1768:
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1572:Rabeca
1554:Kontra
1443:rabeca
1371:Mexico
1308:Canada
1302:Canada
1277:Modern
1227:Ozarks
1165:Zydeco
905:drones
897:slides
893:polkas
865:Galway
833:Ulster
810:Ar Log
808:; see
806:Ffidil
790:Orkney
783:Gaelic
715:trowie
666:Europe
654:Styles
643:kontra
625:kontra
613:kontra
540:fiddle
533:violin
529:fiddle
525:fiĂ°ele
511:violin
507:fidula
503:fiddle
479:fiddle
415:, and
386:by ear
369:bridge
361:violin
354:string
347:fiddle
309:Family
242:Fiddle
228:Violin
80:Violin
48:Fiddle
35:(film)
33:Fiddle
3261:Slide
3189:Waltz
3135:Fling
3091:Polka
3023:Flute
3003:Bones
2813:Other
2696:Blues
2646:Banjo
2407:; UK
1935:viola
1931:viole
1743:JSTOR
1655:Rebab
1629:Gusle
1624:Gudok
1614:Crwth
1578:Viola
1566:Rebec
1544:Cello
1479:Morna
1473:Huqin
1438:ForrĂł
1233:Texas
1182:Creek
1161:Cajun
1155:Blues
1135:from
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875:Clare
855:Sligo
730:Moray
620:viola
545:viols
518:FiĂ°la
460:Latin
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349:is a
154:cello
150:viola
3275:airs
3273:and
3150:Reel
3111:and
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2706:Jazz
2459:ISBN
2445:ISBN
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2409:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2385:ISBN
2079:2018
2051:2006
2030:help
1834:2021
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1163:and
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