1382:
1348:
779:
632:
1099:
499:
425:
218:
870:
290:
58:
1091:
856:
841:
806:
274:
50:
1080:
154:). This class was the first to be termed bioflavonoids. The terms flavonoid and bioflavonoid have also been more loosely used to describe non-ketone polyhydroxy polyphenol compounds, which are more specifically termed flavanoids. The three cycles or heterocycles in the flavonoid backbone are generally called ring A, B, and C. Ring A usually shows a
2517:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) and protection of cells from premature aging, antioxidant activity, antioxidant content and antioxidant properties, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061"
38:
1378:, mean flavonoid intake was 140 mg/d, although there were considerable differences among individual countries. The main type of flavonoids consumed in the EU and USA were flavan-3-ols (80% for USA adults), mainly from tea or cocoa in chocolate, while intake of other flavonoids was considerably lower.
1426:
Flavonoids are poorly absorbed in the human body (less than 5%), then are quickly metabolized into smaller fragments with unknown properties, and rapidly excreted. Flavonoids have negligible antioxidant activity in the body, and the increase in antioxidant capacity of blood seen after consumption of
209:
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants. The general structure of flavonoids is a fifteen-carbon skeleton, containing two benzene rings connected by a three-carbon linking chain. Therefore, they are depicted as C6-C3-C6 compounds. Depending on the chemical structure, degree
1510:
In 2013, the EFSA decided to permit health claims that 200 mg/day of cocoa flavanols "help maintain the elasticity of blood vessels." The FDA followed suit in 2023, stating that there is "supportive, but not conclusive" evidence that 200 mg per day of cocoa flavanols can reduce the risk of
178:
as the crude yellow extract from oranges, lemons or paprika. They attributed the increased activity of this extract to the other substances in this mixture, which they referred to as "citrin" (referring to citrus) or "Vitamin P" (a reference to its effect on reducing the permeability of
238:
animals. In higher plants, they are involved in UV filtration, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and floral pigmentation. They may also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators, and cell cycle inhibitors. Flavonoids secreted by the root of their host plant help
214:, although lacking the heterocyclic ring, are also classified as flavonoids. Furthermore, flavonoids can be found in plants in glycoside-bound and free aglycone forms. The glycoside-bound form is the most common flavone and flavonol form consumed in the diet.
3139:
Ververidis F, Trantas E, Douglas C, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Panopoulos N (October 2007). "Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid-derived natural products. Part II: Reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes".
2022:
Ververidis F, Trantas E, Douglas C, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Panopoulos N (October 2007). "Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid-derived natural products. Part I: Chemical diversity, impacts on plant biology and human health".
210:
of oxidation, and unsaturation of the linking chain (C3), flavonoids can be classified into different groups, such as anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, flavanonols, flavones, and isoflavones. Chalcones, also called
269:
Over 5000 naturally occurring flavonoids have been characterized from various plants. They have been classified according to their chemical structure, and are usually subdivided into the following subgroups (for further reading see):
1506:
in 2013 found that the studies had too many limitations to determine a possible relationship between increased flavonoid intake and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, although a trend for an inverse relationship existed.
1642:
method). After proper mixing of the sample and the reagent, the mixture is incubated for ten minutes at ambient temperature and the absorbance of the solution is read at 440 nm. Flavonoid content is expressed in mg/g of
1481:
investigating the relationship between flavonoid consumption and cancer prevention or development are conflicting for most types of cancer, probably because most human studies have weak designs, such as a small
2672:
Hidalgo M, Oruna-Concha MJ, Kolida S, Walton GE, Kallithraka S, Spencer JP, de
Pascual-Teresa S (April 2012). "Metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora and their influence on gut bacterial growth".
3103:
Trantas E, Panopoulos N, Ververidis F (November 2009). "Metabolic engineering of the complete pathway leading to heterologous biosynthesis of various flavonoids and stilbenoids in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
3184:
2971:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to cocoa flavanols and maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006"
1803:"Analysis of Conformational, Structural, Magnetic, and Electronic Properties Related to Antioxidant Activity: Revisiting Flavan, Anthocyanidin, Flavanone, Flavonol, Isoflavone, Flavone, and Flavan-3-ol"
1613:
is added to 2 ml of this solution. This produces a yellow coloration. A change in color from yellow to colorless on addition of dilute hydrochloric acid is an indication for the presence of flavonoids.
3518:
USDA Database for the
Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3.1 (December 2013); data for 506 foods in the 5 subclasses of flavonoids provided in a separate PDF updated May 2014
1381:
1511:
cardiovascular disease. This is greater than the levels found in typical chocolate bars, which can also contribute to weight gain, potentially harming cardiovascular health.
2602:
Lotito SB, Frei B (December 2006). "Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?".
3204:
253:, which in turn are recognized by the host plant and can lead to root hair deformation and several cellular responses such as ion fluxes and the formation of a
4203:
249:
relationship with legumes like peas, beans, clover, and soy. Rhizobia living in soil are able to sense the flavonoids and this triggers the secretion of
1494:
Although no significant association has been found between flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease mortality, clinical trials have shown improved
4067:
5379:
2490:
1524:
Flavonoid synthesis in plants is induced by light color spectrums at both high and low energy radiations. Low energy radiations are accepted by
1347:
4290:
3468:
3449:
1967:
1940:
1907:
1869:
4336:
3549:
1125:, are also found ubiquitously, but in lesser quantities. The widespread distribution of flavonoids, their variety and their relatively low
3035:
RE: Petition for a
Qualified Health Claim – for Cocoa Flavanols and Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (Docket No. FDA-2019-Q-0806)
5615:
3087:
1385:
Data are based on mean flavonoid intake of all countries included in the 2011 EFSA Comprehensive
European Food Consumption Database.
3049:
3007:
4958:
4196:
2549:
2235:
5832:
5446:
5562:
4773:
3986:
2708:
Ravishankar D, Rajora AK, Greco F, Osborn HM (December 2013). "Flavonoids as prospective compounds for anti-cancer therapy".
1687:
1399:
221:
A biochemical diagram showing the class of flavonoids and their source in nature through various inter-related plant species.
1206:
content of 70% or greater. As flavonoids in cocoa have a bitter taste, they may be removed during chocolate manufacturing.
4060:
1623:
1351:
Mean flavonoid intake in mg/d per country, the pie charts show the relative contribution of different types of flavonoids.
5372:
1682:
1395:
983:
2276:"Gamma-irradiation induced changes in microbiological status, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of peanut skin"
4189:
2576:
5098:
956:
28:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
4283:
3388:
Passicos E, Santarelli X, Coulon D (July 2004). "Regioselective acylation of flavonoids catalyzed by immobilized
3343:"Chromatographic characterization on flavonoids and triterpenes of leaves and flowers of 15 crataegus L. species"
1483:
1121:
compounds in the human diet and are found ubiquitously in plants". Flavonols, the original bioflavonoids such as
2309:"Peanut skin color: a biomarker for total polyphenolic content and antioxidative capacities of peanut cultivars"
2152:
5061:
4329:
4053:
3542:
1638:
Lamaison and Carnet have designed a test for the determination of the total flavonoid content of a sample (AlCI
1503:
1455:
979:
936:
5405:
5365:
4661:
3874:
1773:
1769:
1495:
1467:
167:
1765:
257:. In addition, some flavonoids have inhibitory activity against organisms that cause plant diseases, e.g.
5837:
5519:
5225:
4823:
4783:
4778:
4036:
3996:
3991:
1589:
Four pieces of magnesium filings are added to the ethanolic extract followed by few drops of concentrated
204:
2637:
Williams RJ, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C (April 2004). "Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?".
2070:-glucosyltransferase gene and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in herbaceous peony (
1593:. A pink or red colour indicates the presence of flavonoid. Colours varying from orange to red indicated
5489:
5460:
5425:
5420:
5161:
3054:
2743:
Manach C, Mazur A, Scalbert A (February 2005). "Polyphenols and prevention of cardiovascular diseases".
2554:
1697:
1355:
952:
932:
91:
2931:"Flavonoid intake and risk of CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies"
195:) were however later shown not to fulfil the criteria of a vitamin, so that this term is now obsolete.
869:
5607:
5194:
5093:
5088:
4951:
4868:
4638:
4276:
4094:
3851:
2378:
1996:
975:
80:
1486:. There is little evidence to indicate that dietary flavonoids affect human cancer risk in general.
230:
Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, fulfilling many functions. They are the most important
5817:
5703:
5670:
5509:
4976:
4482:
4322:
3695:
3535:
2468:
5827:
5822:
4550:
4221:
3763:
3417:
3165:
2911:
2768:
2216:
2048:
1657:
1576:
Research has shown production of flavonoid molecules from genetically engineered microorganisms.
1541:
231:
86:
Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two
2365:
Vogiatzoglou A, Mulligan AA, Lentjes MA, Luben RN, Spencer JP, Schroeter H, et al. (2015).
1439:. Microbial metabolism is a major contributor to the overall metabolism of dietary flavonoids.
234:
for flower coloration, producing yellow or red/blue pigmentation in petals designed to attract
5499:
5258:
5243:
5235:
5056:
5033:
4732:
4213:
3945:
3464:
3445:
3409:
3370:
3362:
3255:
3157:
3121:
3083:
2952:
2903:
2886:
Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI (2012). "Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence".
2868:
2817:
2760:
2725:
2690:
2654:
2619:
2450:
2406:
2340:
2208:
2124:
2040:
1963:
1957:
1936:
1930:
1903:
1865:
1832:
1777:
1590:
1459:
1403:
1130:
1098:
995:
792:
778:
5126:
5635:
5156:
5083:
5075:
4562:
4453:
3775:
3666:
3498:
3401:
3354:
3286:
3245:
3235:
3149:
3113:
2982:
2942:
2895:
2858:
2848:
2807:
2799:
2752:
2717:
2682:
2646:
2611:
2528:
2440:
2396:
2386:
2330:
2320:
2287:
2200:
2173:
2114:
2083:
2066:
Zhao DQ, Han CX, Ge JT, Tao J (November 15, 2012). "Isolation of a UDP-glucose: Flavonoid 5-
2032:
2004:
1893:
1855:
1822:
1814:
1702:
1662:
1610:
1432:
948:
788:
631:
3314:(Poiret D.C.) en fonction de la végétation" [Principal flavonoid content of flowers of
855:
840:
498:
5771:
5640:
5504:
5308:
5280:
5204:
4944:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4743:
4086:
4077:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3956:
1463:
1450:
has been implicated as a possible origin of numerous local and systemic diseases, such as
1138:
875:
822:
649:
424:
5131:
3405:
1609:
About 5 mg of the compound is dissolved in water, warmed, and filtered. 10% aqueous
3517:
2650:
2615:
2382:
2000:
1406:. The U.S. FDA has warned numerous dietary supplement and food manufacturers, including
217:
5735:
5722:
5660:
5430:
5302:
5286:
5230:
4803:
4673:
4629:
4109:
4103:
4016:
3886:
3842:
3489:
Mabry TJ, Markham KR, Thomas MB (1971). "The systematic identification of flavonoids".
3291:
3274:
3250:
3219:
2863:
2836:
2812:
2787:
2401:
2366:
2335:
2308:
1983:
Galeotti F, Barile E, Curir P, Dolci M, Lanzotti V (2008). "Flavonoids from carnation (
1827:
1802:
1692:
1499:
1478:
1371:
1234:
1199:
540:
536:
155:
2204:
5811:
5678:
5645:
5630:
5625:
5567:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5494:
5396:
5388:
5353:
5253:
5209:
5181:
4898:
4835:
4558:
4510:
4134:
3771:
3723:
3502:
2970:
2915:
2756:
2250:
1677:
1242:
1182:
1051:
928:
297:
192:
123:
3421:
2220:
2087:
2052:
5795:
5655:
5620:
5593:
5248:
5166:
5146:
5113:
4985:
4863:
4669:
4614:
4445:
4363:
4234:
4170:
3882:
3827:
3658:
3576:
3169:
1537:
1533:
1447:
1415:
1238:
1203:
1010:
893:
886:
524:
353:
334:
143:
109:
3358:
2803:
2788:"Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids"
2772:
2164:
Oomah BD, Mazza G (1996). "Flavonoids and
Antioxidative Activities in Buckwheat".
3479:
3077:
2899:
2721:
2391:
2008:
5740:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5324:
5297:
5141:
5048:
5038:
5013:
4993:
4918:
4903:
4893:
4873:
4650:
4591:
4521:
4492:
4418:
4229:
3863:
3804:
3734:
3705:
3631:
3117:
1626:(DMACA) has been developed for flavanoids in beer that can be compared with the
1525:
1427:
flavonoid-rich foods is not caused directly by flavonoids, but by production of
1367:
1153:
1066:
990:
944:
940:
861:
846:
818:
814:
701:
645:
326:
305:
254:
211:
188:
3306:
Lamaison JL, Carnet A (1991). "Teneurs en principaux flavonoïdes des fleurs de
1090:
289:
57:
5745:
5683:
5572:
5341:
5314:
5291:
5003:
4998:
4908:
4883:
4808:
4701:
4696:
4601:
4586:
4581:
4539:
4407:
4300:
4264:
4254:
4181:
4139:
4114:
4021:
3914:
3909:
3814:
3799:
3794:
3752:
3620:
2947:
2930:
2292:
2275:
2119:
2102:
1529:
1246:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1169:
1118:
1107:
1056:
1046:
1015:
964:
662:
641:
637:
595:
528:
508:
438:
250:
235:
184:
131:
117:
77:
3366:
2986:
2533:
2516:
1818:
5761:
5698:
5688:
5176:
5028:
5023:
5018:
4841:
4751:
4711:
4609:
4573:
4430:
4403:
4395:
4249:
4045:
3964:
3924:
3822:
3786:
3643:
3616:
3608:
3342:
3034:
2837:"Celiac disease, inflammation and oxidative damage: a nutrigenetic approach"
2445:
2428:
1860:
1665:
1644:
1598:
1544:
process of phytochrome-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis has been observed in
1436:
1428:
1226:
1195:
1191:
1165:
1161:
1134:
1122:
1114:
1061:
1039:
1031:
784:
556:
532:
512:
504:
462:
446:
342:
310:
246:
180:
171:
3413:
3374:
3341:
Khokhlova, Kateryna; Zdoryk, Oleksandr; Vyshnevska, Liliia (January 2020).
3259:
3240:
3161:
3153:
3125:
3050:"Is chocolate good for your heart? Finally the FDA has an answer – kind of"
2956:
2907:
2872:
2821:
2764:
2729:
2694:
2658:
2623:
2454:
2410:
2344:
2236:"Determination of flavonoids in pulp and peel of mandarin fruits (table 1)"
2212:
2128:
2044:
2036:
1836:
1622:
A colorimetric assay based upon the reaction of A-rings with the chromogen
1418:
regarding flavonoids, such as that they lower cholesterol or relieve pain.
3522:
2429:"Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of U.S. adults"
1255:(red) skin contains significant polyphenol content, including flavonoids.
17:
5766:
5693:
5650:
5588:
5527:
5320:
5171:
5103:
5008:
4924:
4720:
4646:
4535:
4526:
4506:
4497:
4426:
4380:
4244:
4124:
4119:
4099:
3933:
3859:
3748:
3739:
3719:
3710:
3639:
3593:
2325:
1627:
1545:
1407:
1187:
1126:
1084:
1035:
924:
520:
434:
430:
395:
338:
330:
322:
301:
241:
151:
127:
113:
1241:(for example, 165 versus 1156 mg/100 g in pulp versus peel of
805:
5730:
5151:
5136:
4688:
4384:
4372:
4154:
3901:
3597:
3585:
2515:
EFSA Panel on
Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2010).
1594:
1560:
1157:
1145:
1079:
516:
273:
147:
98:). This carbon structure can be abbreviated C6-C3-C6. According to the
42:
3527:
2853:
2686:
2177:
1366:
survey, mean flavonoid intake was 190 mg per day in adults, with
1022:
skeleton (with no hydroxyl group substitution on carbon at position 2)
49:
5790:
5708:
4968:
4932:
4849:
4728:
4467:
4434:
4239:
4149:
4144:
3941:
3680:
3647:
1898:
1565:
1551:
1451:
1411:
1363:
1252:
1177:
1173:
1103:
175:
139:
95:
87:
1597:, red to crimson indicated flavonoids, crimson to magenta indicated
1515:
Synthesis, detection, quantification, and semi-synthetic alterations
83:
found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans.
5121:
1555:
1322:
1245:, and 164 vis-à-vis 804 mg/100 g in pulp versus peel of
1222:
1149:
1097:
1089:
1078:
804:
288:
216:
99:
56:
48:
37:
36:
2835:
Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Masciangelo S, Saturni L (April 2012).
1375:
1359:
5361:
4940:
4318:
4272:
4185:
4049:
3531:
2274:
De
Camargo AC, Regitano-d'Arce MA, Gallo CR, Shahidi F (2015).
2191:
The Lancet (December 2007). "The devil in the dark chocolate".
1884:
Nič M, Jirát J, Košata B, Jenkins A, McNaught A, eds. (2009).
1502:(with a few studies showing inconsistent results). Reviews of
2577:"Cherry companies warned by FDA against making health claims"
2710:
1885:
998:
are dimers, trimers, oligomers, or polymers of the flavanols
3275:"A New Colourimetric Assay for Flavanoids in Pilsner Beers"
1801:
de Souza Farias SA, da Costa KS, Martins JB (April 2021).
3218:
Bello IA, Ndukwe GI, Audu OT, Habila JD (October 2011).
2491:"Health Claims Meeting Significant Scientific Agreement"
76:, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of
3185:"Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of
2367:"Flavonoid intake in European adults (18 to 64 years)"
1470:
that dietary flavonoids affect any of these diseases.
1414:
in the U.S., about illegal advertising and misleading
3523:
FlavoDB, Bioinformatics Centre, India, November 2019
3442:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2307:
Chukwumah Y, Walker LT, Verghese M (November 2009).
5780:
5754:
5721:
5669:
5606:
5581:
5518:
5459:
5439:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5352:
5333:
5273:
5218:
5193:
5112:
5074:
5047:
4984:
4975:
4931:
4917:
4882:
4848:
4834:
4764:
4742:
4719:
4710:
4687:
4660:
4637:
4628:
4600:
4572:
4549:
4520:
4491:
4475:
4466:
4444:
4417:
4394:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4307:
4263:
4220:
4163:
4084:
3977:
3955:
3932:
3923:
3900:
3873:
3850:
3841:
3813:
3785:
3762:
3733:
3704:
3688:
3679:
3657:
3630:
3607:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3444:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis.
2888:Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics
2929:Wang X, Ouyang YY, Liu J, Zhao G (January 2014).
3197:Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
1141:, ingest significant quantities in their diet.
1113:Flavonoids (specifically flavanoids such as the
1094:Blueberries are a source of dietary anthocyanins
27:"Vitamin P" redirects here. For other uses, see
1796:
1794:
1528:, while high energy radiations are accepted by
34:Class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites
1886:"Flavonoids (isoflavonoids and neoflavonoids)"
1854:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Blackwell Scientific,
1705:, related chemicals with a 16 carbons skeleton
1233:. The flavonoids are less concentrated in the
5373:
4952:
4330:
4284:
4197:
4061:
3543:
1362:database on flavonoids. In the United States
8:
3322:(Poiret D.C.) dependent on vegetation].
3008:"Cocoa flavanol health claim becomes EU law"
2786:Babu PV, Liu D, Gilbert ER (November 2013).
2422:
2420:
1144:Foods with a high flavonoid content include
2510:
2508:
2313:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2103:"Flavonoids: modulators of brain function?"
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
102:nomenclature, they can be classified into:
5410:
5401:
5380:
5366:
5358:
4981:
4959:
4945:
4937:
4716:
4634:
4472:
4368:
4359:
4337:
4323:
4315:
4291:
4277:
4269:
4204:
4190:
4182:
4068:
4054:
4046:
3929:
3847:
3685:
3581:
3572:
3550:
3536:
3528:
3481:Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids
2675:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2166:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1568:. Red light promotes flavonoid synthesis.
1261:Flavonoid content in food (mg/100 g)
138:The three flavonoid classes above are all
3290:
3249:
3239:
2946:
2862:
2852:
2811:
2532:
2444:
2400:
2390:
2334:
2324:
2291:
2118:
1897:
1859:
1826:
174:alone was not as effective at preventing
2153:USDA’s Database on the Flavonoid Content
1852:IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1380:
1346:
1259:
827:
666:
560:
360:
272:
3228:Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters
2792:The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
2427:Chun OK, Chung SJ, Song WO (May 2007).
1715:
1402:(EFSA) has approved any flavonoids as
314:(2-phenylchromenylium) ion skeleton.
170:and other scientists discovered that
94:(C, the ring containing the embedded
7:
2243:Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus
1358:for flavonoids were provided by the
1137:) mean that many animals, including
293:Flavylium skeleton of anthocyanidins
3279:Journal of the Institute of Brewing
2651:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001
2639:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
2616:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.033
2604:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
2076:Electronic Journal of Biotechnology
1661:lipase can be used to catalyze the
1572:Availability through microorganisms
142:-containing compounds and as such,
45:backbone (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone)
3406:10.1023/B:BILE.0000032967.23282.15
3324:Plantes Medicinales: Phytotherapie
3292:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1985.tb04303.x
2550:"FDA To Lipton: Tea Can't Do That"
1987:) and their antifungal activity".
1618:p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde test
25:
2493:. US Food and Drug Administration
2471:. US Food and Drug Administration
1956:Clemetson AB (January 10, 2018).
1850:McNaught AD, Wilkinson A (1997),
1540:in addition to phytochromes. The
226:Functions of flavonoids in plants
191:, hesperidin methyl chalcone and
3440:Andersen ØM, Markham KR (2006).
3392:lipase under reduced pressure".
3033:Kavanaugh C (February 1, 2023).
2935:The British Journal of Nutrition
2757:10.1097/00041433-200502000-00013
2107:The British Journal of Nutrition
1370:as the main contributor. In the
1117:) are "the most common group of
868:
854:
839:
777:
630:
497:
423:
245:in the infection stage of their
5447:p-Hydroxybenzoic acid glucoside
2548:Hensley S (September 7, 2010).
2088:10.2225/vol15-issue6-fulltext-7
1129:compared to other active plant
183:). The substances in question (
5616:α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
5563:Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid
4774:List of phytochemicals in food
3987:List of phytochemicals in food
3491:Journal of Molecular Structure
3203:(4): 3975–3979. Archived from
3048:Aubrey A (February 12, 2023).
1688:List of phytochemicals in food
1400:European Food Safety Authority
1229:of quercetin, and the flavone
1213:(a glycoside of the flavanone
1:
3359:10.1080/14786419.2018.1528589
2804:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.003
2745:Current Opinion in Lipidology
2234:Levaj B, et al. (2009).
2205:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61873-X
1624:p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
356:are divided into two groups:
3503:10.1016/0022-2860(71)87109-0
3220:"A bioactive flavonoid from
2900:10.1080/21551197.2012.702534
2722:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.10.004
2469:"FDA approved drug products"
2392:10.1371/journal.pone.0128132
2009:10.1016/j.phytol.2007.10.001
1683:List of antioxidants in food
1396:Food and Drug Administration
5099:Pyrocatecollic type tannins
3118:10.1016/j.ymben.2009.07.004
2280:Journal of Functional Foods
106:flavonoids or bioflavonoids
41:Molecular structure of the
5854:
3082:. CRC Press. p. 457.
1764:Delage B (November 2015).
1651:Semi-synthetic alterations
1394:Neither the United States
1209:Citrus flavonoids include
957:Epigallocatechin 3-gallate
202:
29:Vitamin P (disambiguation)
26:
5485:3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
5480:2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
5475:2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
5469:2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
4821:
4034:
3461:The science of flavonoids
3076:Sinha RK (January 2004).
2948:10.1017/S000711451300278X
2293:10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.034
2120:10.1017/S0007114508965776
1431:resulting from flavonoid
984:Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate
686:
683:
680:
675:
672:
669:
580:
577:
574:
569:
566:
563:
380:
377:
374:
369:
366:
363:
5406:Monohydroxybenzoic acids
5062:1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose
3347:Natural Product Research
2987:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2809
2534:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1489
2433:The Journal of Nutrition
2249:(3): 223. Archived from
2113:(E Suppl 1): ES60–ES77.
1935:. Academic Press. 1949.
1819:10.1021/acsomega.0c06156
1456:cardiovascular disorders
1422:Metabolism and excretion
1102:Flavonoids are found in
1018:use the 3-phenylchromen-
5520:Trihydroxybenzoic acids
4784:O-methylated flavonoids
4779:C-methylated flavonoids
3997:O-methylated flavonoids
3992:C-methylated flavonoids
3079:Modern Plant Physiology
2101:Spencer JP (May 2008).
1861:10.1351/goldbook.F02424
1774:Oregon State University
1770:Linus Pauling Institute
1490:Cardiovascular diseases
1083:Parsley is a source of
937:Gallocatechin 3-gallate
126:, derived from 4-phenyl
112:, derived from 3-phenyl
61:Neoflavonoids structure
5833:Flavonoid antioxidants
5461:Dihydroxybenzoic acids
4824:Flavonoid biosynthesis
4662:3-hydroxyanthocyanidin
4037:Flavonoid biosynthesis
3875:3-hydroxyanthocyanidin
3463:. New York: Springer.
3241:10.1186/2191-2858-1-14
3154:10.1002/biot.200700184
2037:10.1002/biot.200700084
1989:Phytochemistry Letters
1386:
1352:
1110:
1106:fruits, including red
1095:
1087:
810:
294:
278:
222:
205:Flavonoid biosynthesis
158:substitution pattern.
90:rings (A and B) and a
72:; from the Latin word
62:
54:
46:
5608:Hydroxycinnamic acids
5490:Ethyl protocatechuate
5426:4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
5421:3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
5195:Flavono-ellagitannins
5186:Phlorofucofuroeckol B
5162:Phlorofucofuroeckol A
5094:Catechol-type tannins
5089:Polyflavonoid tannins
4639:3-deoxyanthocyanidins
4095:Hydroxycinnamic acids
3852:3-deoxyanthocyanidins
3394:Biotechnology Letters
3142:Biotechnology Journal
3106:Metabolic Engineering
2446:10.1093/jn/137.5.1244
2025:Biotechnology Journal
1985:Dianthus caryophyllus
1932:Vitamins and Hormones
1698:Secondary metabolites
1605:Sodium hydroxide test
1384:
1374:, based on data from
1356:Food composition data
1350:
1101:
1093:
1082:
980:Theaflavin-3'-gallate
953:Epicatechin 3-gallate
878:(leucoanthocyanidin)
808:
292:
276:
220:
81:secondary metabolites
60:
52:
40:
5671:Aromatic amino acids
5582:Other phenolic acids
4977:Hydrolysable tannins
4869:Secoisolariciresinol
3478:Harborne JB (1967).
3459:Grotewold E (2006).
3207:on October 17, 2013.
2981:(7). June 27, 2012.
2326:10.3390/ijms10114941
1496:endothelial function
976:Theaflavin-3-gallate
168:Albert Szent-Györgyi
5704:5-hydroxytryptophan
5510:Protocatechuic acid
5219:Other Miscellaneous
4222:Natural monophenols
3320:Cratageus laevigata
3312:Cratageus laevigata
3273:Delcour JA (1985).
3014:. September 4, 2013
2383:2015PLoSO..1028132V
2001:2008PChL....1...44G
1959:Vitamin C: Volume I
1580:Tests for detection
1262:
687:Structural formula
581:Structural formula
381:Structural formula
53:Isoflavan structure
5791:Phenolic compounds
5034:Tellimagrandin IIs
4214:phenolic compounds
3390:Candida antarctica
3316:Cratageus monogyna
3308:Cratageus monogyna
3012:Confectionary News
2583:. November 1, 2005
2072:Paeonia lactiflora
1658:Candida antarctica
1404:prescription drugs
1387:
1353:
1260:
1111:
1096:
1088:
933:Catechin 3-gallate
811:
684:Functional groups
578:Functional groups
378:Functional groups
295:
279:
259:Fusarium oxysporum
223:
63:
55:
47:
5805:
5804:
5717:
5716:
5602:
5601:
5500:Homogentisic acid
5471:(Hypogallic acid)
5455:
5454:
5348:
5347:
5269:
5268:
5236:Synthetic tannins
5198:(complex tannins)
5084:Proanthocyanidins
5076:Condensed tannins
5070:
5069:
5057:Digalloyl glucose
4967:Types of natural
4830:
4829:
4817:
4816:
4760:
4759:
4733:Isoliquiritigenin
4683:
4682:
4624:
4623:
4462:
4461:
4179:
4178:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4029:
3973:
3972:
3946:Isoliquiritigenin
3896:
3895:
3837:
3836:
3675:
3674:
3470:978-0-387-74550-3
3451:978-0-8493-2021-7
3400:(13): 1073–1076.
3222:Pavetta crassipes
3148:(10): 1235–1249.
2854:10.3390/nu4040243
2798:(11): 1777–1789.
2716:(12): 2821–2831.
2687:10.1021/jf3002153
2681:(15): 3882–3890.
2610:(12): 1727–1746.
2319:(11): 4941–4952.
2178:10.1021/jf9508357
2031:(10): 1214–1234.
1969:978-1-351-08601-1
1942:978-0-08-086604-8
1909:978-0-9678550-9-7
1871:978-0-9678550-9-7
1813:(13): 8908–8918.
1778:Corvallis, Oregon
1703:Homoisoflavonoids
1591:hydrochloric acid
1468:clinical evidence
1460:diabetes mellitus
1338:
1337:
996:Proanthocyanidins
903:use the 2-phenyl-
882:
881:
798:
797:
793:Dihydrokaempferol
655:
654:
547:
546:
92:heterocyclic ring
16:(Redirected from
5845:
5772:Alkylresorcinols
5636:Chlorogenic acid
5411:
5402:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5359:
5309:Phenylpropanoids
5281:Diarylheptanoids
5157:Fucophlorethol A
4982:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4938:
4799:Prenylflavonoids
4794:Pyranoflavonoids
4789:Furanoflavonoids
4717:
4635:
4563:Leucodelphinidin
4551:Flavan-3,4-diols
4473:
4454:Dalbergichromene
4369:
4360:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4270:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4183:
4087:phenylpropanoids
4078:phenylpropanoids
4070:
4063:
4056:
4047:
4012:Prenylflavonoids
4007:Pyranoflavonoids
4002:Furanoflavonoids
3930:
3848:
3776:Leucodelphinidin
3764:Flavan-3,4-diols
3686:
3667:Dalbergichromene
3582:
3573:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3506:
3485:
3474:
3455:
3426:
3425:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2856:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2581:The Produce News
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2439:(5): 1244–1252.
2424:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2328:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2172:(7): 1746–1750.
2161:
2155:
2150:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1899:10.1351/goldbook
1881:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1761:
1611:sodium hydroxide
1542:photomorphogenic
1479:Clinical studies
1433:depolymerization
1263:
1243:satsuma mandarin
949:Epigallocatechin
872:
858:
843:
828:
823:flavan-3,4-diols
809:Flavan structure
789:Dihydroquercetin
781:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
745:
742:
739:
731:
728:
725:
722:
713:
710:
707:
704:
667:
634:
620:
616:
612:
604:
601:
598:
561:
501:
487:
483:
479:
471:
468:
465:
455:
452:
449:
427:
413:
409:
401:
398:
361:
21:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5776:
5750:
5723:Phenylethanoids
5713:
5665:
5641:Diferulic acids
5598:
5577:
5514:
5505:Orsellinic acid
5451:
5435:
5391:
5386:
5344:
5329:
5303:Naphthoquinones
5265:
5214:
5205:Epicutissimin A
5197:
5189:
5108:
5066:
5043:
4971:
4965:
4927:
4913:
4886:
4878:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4826:
4813:
4756:
4744:Dihydrochalcone
4738:
4706:
4679:
4656:
4620:
4596:
4568:
4545:
4524:
4516:
4495:
4487:
4458:
4440:
4413:
4390:
4349:
4343:
4311:
4303:
4297:
4259:
4216:
4210:
4180:
4175:
4159:
4110:Cinnamaldehydes
4104:Furanochromones
4080:
4074:
4044:
4039:
4026:
3969:
3957:Dihydrochalcone
3951:
3919:
3892:
3869:
3833:
3809:
3781:
3758:
3737:
3729:
3708:
3700:
3671:
3653:
3626:
3603:
3562:
3556:
3514:
3509:
3488:
3477:
3471:
3458:
3452:
3439:
3435:
3433:Further reading
3430:
3429:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3187:Scoparia dulcis
3183:Yisa J (2009).
3182:
3181:
3177:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2377:(5): e0128132.
2364:
2363:
2352:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2136:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2021:
2020:
2016:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1762:
1717:
1712:
1674:
1668:of flavonoids.
1653:
1641:
1636:
1620:
1607:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1522:
1517:
1492:
1476:
1445:
1424:
1392:
1345:
1294:Parsley, fresh
1077:
1075:Dietary sources
1007:
876:Flavan-3,4-diol
803:
765:
762:2-phenylchromen
761:
757:
753:
746:
743:
740:
737:
735:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
718:
716:
711:
708:
705:
702:
660:
650:Homoeriodictyol
618:
615:2-phenylchromen
614:
610:
602:
599:
596:
554:
541:Furanoflavonols
537:Pyranoflavonols
485:
482:2-phenylchromen
481:
477:
469:
466:
463:
460:
458:
453:
450:
447:
411:
408:2-phenylchromen
407:
399:
396:
351:
308:; they use the
287:
281:
267:
228:
207:
201:
164:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5851:
5849:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:Hydroxytyrosol
5733:
5727:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5661:Sinapinic acid
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5431:Salicylic acid
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5408:
5399:
5397:Phenolic acids
5393:
5392:
5389:Aromatic acids
5387:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5356:
5354:Aromatic acids
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:Anthraquinones
5284:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5238:
5233:
5231:Pseudo tannins
5228:
5226:Tannin sources
5222:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4836:Flavonolignans
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4804:Methylenedioxy
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4725:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4674:Guibourtinidin
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4643:
4641:
4632:
4630:Anthocyanidins
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4532:
4530:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4503:
4501:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4313:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4017:Methylenedioxy
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3887:Guibourtinidin
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3854:
3845:
3843:Anthocyanidins
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3745:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3590:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3486:
3475:
3469:
3456:
3450:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3380:
3353:(2): 317–322.
3333:
3298:
3265:
3210:
3191:Nymphaea lotus
3175:
3131:
3112:(6): 355–366.
3095:
3088:
3068:
3040:
3037:(Report). FDA.
3025:
2999:
2962:
2921:
2894:(3): 206–238.
2878:
2847:(4): 243–257.
2827:
2778:
2735:
2700:
2664:
2645:(7): 838–849.
2629:
2594:
2568:
2540:
2504:
2482:
2460:
2416:
2350:
2299:
2266:
2226:
2199:(9605): 2070.
2183:
2156:
2134:
2093:
2058:
2014:
1975:
1968:
1948:
1941:
1922:
1908:
1876:
1870:
1842:
1790:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1693:Phytochemistry
1690:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1663:regioselective
1652:
1649:
1639:
1635:
1634:Quantification
1632:
1619:
1616:
1606:
1603:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1521:
1520:Color spectrum
1518:
1516:
1513:
1504:cohort studies
1500:blood pressure
1491:
1488:
1475:
1472:
1466:. There is no
1464:celiac disease
1444:
1441:
1423:
1420:
1410:, producer of
1398:(FDA) nor the
1391:
1388:
1372:European Union
1344:
1343:Dietary intake
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1200:dark chocolate
1192:sea-buckthorns
1133:(for instance
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Isoflavandiols
1049:
1043:
1042:
1024:
1023:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
987:
986:
968:
967:
961:
960:
917:
916:
880:
879:
873:
865:
864:
859:
851:
850:
844:
836:
835:
832:
802:
799:
796:
795:
782:
775:
772:
769:
750:
697:
696:
693:
689:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
659:
656:
653:
652:
635:
628:
625:
622:
607:
591:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
572:
571:
568:
565:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
544:
502:
495:
492:
489:
474:
442:
441:
428:
421:
418:
415:
404:
391:
390:
387:
383:
382:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
365:
350:
347:
346:
345:
298:Anthocyanidins
286:
285:Anthocyanidins
283:
266:
263:
232:plant pigments
227:
224:
203:Main article:
200:
197:
166:In the 1930s,
163:
160:
156:phloroglucinol
136:
135:
130:(4-phenyl-1,2-
121:
116:(3-phenyl-1,4-
107:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5850:
5839:
5838:Wood extracts
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5797:
5796:Phlorotannins
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5679:phenylalanine
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Coumaric acid
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:Cinnamic acid
5629:
5627:
5626:Chicoric acid
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Syringic acid
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Eudesmic acid
5541:
5539:
5538:Ethyl gallate
5536:
5534:
5533:Chebulic acid
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:Gentisic acid
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5210:Acutissimin A
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5183:
5182:7-Phloroeckol
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5114:Phlorotannins
5111:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4986:Ellagitannins
4983:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4899:Pterostilbene
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4825:
4820:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4766:Miscellaneous
4763:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4564:
4560:
4559:Leucocyanidin
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4511:Gallocatechol
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4483:Luteoliflavan
4481:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4446:Neoflavonoids
4443:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Anthoxanthins
4361:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:Benzenetriols
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Allylbenzenes
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:Miscellaneous
3976:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3773:
3772:Leucocyanidin
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3724:Gallocatechol
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3696:Luteoliflavan
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:Neoflavonoids
3656:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Anthoxanthins
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3326:(in French).
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3089:9780849317149
3085:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
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2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
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2831:
2828:
2823:
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2809:
2805:
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2782:
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2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
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2327:
2322:
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2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2256:on 2017-08-10
2252:
2248:
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2237:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
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2184:
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2175:
2171:
2167:
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2154:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1962:. CRC Press.
1961:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1915:September 16,
1911:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:The Gold Book
1887:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1829:
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1709:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Phytochemical
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1633:
1631:
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1615:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:cryptochromes
1535:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1416:health claims
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:juice, fresh
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:Thyme, fresh
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:Ginkgo biloba
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:Isoflavonoids
1009:
1008:
1005:Isoflavonoids
1004:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
985:
981:
977:
973:
970:
969:
966:
963:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:Gallocatechin
926:
922:
919:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
897:
892:
891:
890:
888:
884:
883:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
860:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
826:
824:
820:
817:(flavanols),
816:
807:
800:
794:
790:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
770:
768:
751:
749:
732:
715:
714:
699:
698:
694:
691:
690:
679:
668:
665:
664:
657:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:
633:
629:
626:
623:
621:
608:
606:
605:
593:
592:
588:
585:
584:
573:
562:
559:
558:
551:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
496:
493:
490:
488:
475:
473:
472:
457:
456:
444:
443:
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:
422:
419:
416:
414:
405:
403:
402:
393:
392:
388:
385:
384:
373:
362:
359:
358:
357:
355:
354:Anthoxanthins
349:Anthoxanthins
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
316:
315:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
291:
284:
282:
275:
271:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
237:
233:
225:
219:
215:
213:
206:
198:
196:
194:
193:neohesperidin
190:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
161:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:anthoxanthins
141:
133:
129:
125:
124:neoflavonoids
122:
119:
115:
114:chromen-4-one
111:
110:isoflavonoids
108:
105:
104:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
79:
75:
71:
70:bioflavonoids
67:
59:
51:
44:
39:
30:
19:
5781:
5656:Ferulic acid
5621:Caffeic acid
5594:Ellagic acid
5334:
5325:isocoumarins
5298:Kavalactones
5240:Tannin uses
5167:Tetrafucol A
5147:Diphlorethol
5132:6,6'-Bieckol
5127:8,8′-Bieckol
5049:Gallotannins
5014:Casuarictins
4994:Punicalagins
4919:Curcuminoids
4864:Matairesinol
4765:
4670:Apigeninidin
4615:Aromadendrin
4522:Flavan-4-ols
4493:Flavan-3-ols
4354:
4346:
4308:
4230:Benzenediols
4171:Rhododendrin
4129:
3978:
3883:Apigeninidin
3828:Aromadendrin
3735:Flavan-4-ols
3706:Flavan-3-ols
3567:
3559:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3460:
3441:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3310:Jacq. et de
3307:
3301:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3213:
3205:the original
3200:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3078:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3053:
3043:
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3011:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2978:
2975:EFSA Journal
2974:
2965:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2751:(1): 77–84.
2748:
2744:
2738:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2553:
2543:
2524:
2521:EFSA Journal
2520:
2495:. Retrieved
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2463:
2436:
2432:
2374:
2370:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2258:. Retrieved
2251:the original
2246:
2242:
2229:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2028:
2024:
2017:
1995:(1): 44–48.
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1958:
1951:
1931:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1810:
1806:
1781:. Retrieved
1766:"Flavonoids"
1656:
1655:Immobilized
1654:
1637:
1621:
1608:
1588:
1585:Shinoda test
1575:
1559:
1546:
1523:
1509:
1498:and reduced
1493:
1477:
1448:Inflammation
1446:
1443:Inflammation
1425:
1393:
1368:flavan-3-ols
1354:
1266:Food source
1251:
1237:than in the
1208:
1181:
1143:
1119:polyphenolic
1112:
1067:Pterocarpans
1027:
1019:
971:
941:Epicatechins
920:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
887:Flavan-3-ols
885:
819:flavan-4-ols
815:flavan-3-ols
812:
752:
736:
719:
700:
695:2,3-dihydro
681:Description
661:
609:
594:
589:2,3-dihydro
575:Description
555:
525:Isorhamnetin
476:
461:
445:
406:
394:
389:2,3-dihydro
375:Description
352:
335:pelargonidin
318:
309:
306:anthocyanins
296:
280:
268:
258:
240:
229:
208:
199:Biosynthesis
165:
137:
85:
78:polyphenolic
73:
69:
65:
64:
5741:Oleocanthal
5558:Norbergenin
5553:Tannic acid
5548:Gallic acid
5342:Polyphenols
5315:Xanthonoids
5292:Chalconoids
5142:Eckstolonol
5039:Terflavin B
5004:Vescalagins
4999:Castalagins
4904:Piceatannol
4894:Resveratrol
4884:Stilbenoids
4874:Pinoresinol
4809:Castavinols
4651:Delphinidin
4602:Flavanonols
4592:Eriodictyol
4419:Isoflavones
4301:polyphenols
4265:Polyphenols
4140:Stilbenoids
4115:Monolignols
4085:Classes of
4022:Castavinols
3864:Delphinidin
3815:Flavanonols
3805:Eriodictyol
3632:Isoflavones
2941:(1): 1–11.
2527:(2): 1489.
2497:November 8,
2475:November 8,
2286:: 129–143.
1783:January 26,
1630:procedure.
1530:carotenoids
1526:phytochrome
1484:sample size
1275:Flavanones
1154:blueberries
1057:Isoflavenes
1047:Isoflavanes
1016:Isoflavones
991:Thearubigin
945:Epicatechin
905:3,4-dihydro
889:(flavanols)
862:Flavan-4-ol
849:(flavanol)
847:Flavan-3-ol
758:2,3-dihydro
738:2,3-dihydro
692:3-hydroxyl
663:Flavanonols
658:Flavanonols
646:Eriodictyol
611:2,3-dihydro
586:3-hydroxyl
386:3-hydroxyl
327:delphinidin
255:root nodule
251:Nod factors
212:chalconoids
189:eriodictyol
181:capillaries
134:) structure
132:benzopyrone
120:) structure
118:benzopyrone
5818:Flavonoids
5812:Categories
5746:Oleuropein
5684:tryptophan
5573:Theogallin
5440:Glycosides
5317:(C6-C1-C6)
5294:(C6-C3-C6)
5283:(C6-C7-C6)
5244:Enological
5024:Punicalins
5019:Grandinins
4909:Pinosylvin
4887:(C6-C2-C6)
4702:Leptosidin
4697:Aureusidin
4587:Naringenin
4582:Hesperidin
4574:Flavanones
4540:Luteoforol
4408:Kaempferol
4355:Flavonoids
4347:flavonoids
4312:(C6-C3-C6)
4309:Flavonoids
4255:Dillapiole
4130:Flavonoids
3915:Leptosidin
3910:Aureusidin
3800:Naringenin
3795:Hesperidin
3787:Flavanones
3753:Luteoforol
3621:Kaempferol
3568:Flavonoids
3560:flavonoids
3497:(2): 320.
3318:Jacq. and
2260:2020-07-31
1710:References
1599:flavonones
1547:Amaranthus
1412:Lipton tea
1280:Red onion
1272:Flavonols
1247:clementine
1231:tangeritin
1227:glycosides
1219:quercitrin
1215:hesperetin
1211:hesperidin
1170:oolong tea
1156:and other
1108:grapefruit
1062:Coumestans
965:Theaflavin
642:Naringenin
638:Hesperetin
557:Flavanones
552:Flavanones
529:Pachypodol
509:Kaempferol
439:Tangeritin
277:Flavonoids
236:pollinator
185:hesperidin
66:Flavonoids
18:Flavonoids
5828:Nutrition
5823:Nutrients
5762:Capsaicin
5699:thyroxine
5689:histidine
5414:Aglycones
5321:Coumarins
5177:Bifuhalol
5104:Flavolans
5029:Roburin A
5009:Castalins
4842:Silymarin
4752:Phloretin
4721:Chalcones
4712:Chalcones
4610:Taxifolin
4527:flavanols
4498:flavanols
4431:Genistein
4404:Quercetin
4396:Flavonols
4345:Types of
4299:Types of
4250:Carvacrol
4212:Types of
4125:Chalcones
4120:Coumarins
4100:Chromones
4076:Types of
3965:Phloretin
3934:Chalcones
3925:Chalcones
3823:Taxifolin
3740:flavanols
3711:flavanols
3644:Genistein
3617:Quercetin
3609:Flavonols
3558:Types of
3512:Databases
3367:1478-6427
3285:: 37–40.
3234:(1): 14.
3224:K. Schum"
2916:205960210
2841:Nutrients
2074:Pall.)".
1807:ACS Omega
1666:acylation
1645:quercetin
1437:excretion
1429:uric acid
1269:Flavones
1196:buckwheat
1166:green tea
1162:black tea
1135:alkaloids
1131:compounds
1123:quercetin
1115:catechins
1040:Glycitein
1032:Genistein
911:-chromen-
831:Skeleton
785:Taxifolin
754:3-hydroxy
721:3-Hydroxy
676:Examples
673:Skeleton
570:Examples
567:Skeleton
533:Rhamnazin
513:Myricetin
505:Quercetin
478:3-hydroxy
464:3-hydroxy
370:Examples
367:Skeleton
343:petunidin
311:flavylium
302:aglycones
265:Subgroups
247:symbiotic
172:Vitamin C
152:flavonols
5767:Gingerol
5694:tyrosine
5651:Coumarin
5589:Vanillin
5528:Bergenin
5249:Drilling
5172:Trifucol
4925:Curcumin
4853:((C6-C3)
4647:Cyanidin
4536:Apiforol
4507:Catechin
4427:Daidzein
4381:Apigenin
4373:Flavones
4245:Carnosol
4164:Examples
4155:Suberins
3860:Cyanidin
3749:Apiforol
3720:Catechin
3640:Daidzein
3594:Apigenin
3586:Flavones
3422:26716150
3414:15218382
3375:30417671
3330:: 12–16.
3260:22373191
3162:17935118
3126:19631278
3061:June 17,
3018:June 17,
2992:June 17,
2957:23953879
2908:22888839
2873:22606367
2822:24029069
2765:15650567
2730:24128857
2695:22439618
2659:15019969
2624:17157175
2587:June 17,
2561:June 17,
2455:17449588
2411:26010916
2371:PLOS ONE
2345:20087468
2221:41271401
2213:18156011
2129:18503736
2053:24986941
2045:17935117
1837:33842761
1672:See also
1628:vanillin
1595:flavones
1408:Unilever
1390:Research
1188:red wine
1180:fruits,
1127:toxicity
1085:flavones
1036:Daidzein
1028:Examples
972:Examples
925:Catechin
921:Examples
915:skeleton
813:Include
521:Galangin
435:Apigenin
431:Luteolin
339:peonidin
331:malvidin
323:cyanidin
319:Examples
300:are the
242:Rhizobia
148:flavones
128:coumarin
5731:Tyrosol
5311:(C6-C3)
5305:(C6-C4)
5259:Tanning
5152:Difucol
5137:Dieckol
4969:tannins
4933:Tannins
4850:Lignans
4735:, et.c.
4689:Aurones
4676:, et.c.
4653:, et.c.
4617:, et.c.
4565:, et.c.
4542:, et.c.
4513:, et.c.
4468:Flavans
4410:, et.c.
4387:, et.c.
4385:Chrysin
4150:Lignins
4145:Lignans
3948:, et.c.
3902:Aurones
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3866:, et.c.
3830:, et.c.
3778:, et.c.
3755:, et.c.
3726:, et.c.
3681:Flavans
3623:, et.c.
3600:, et.c.
3598:Chrysin
3251:3305906
3170:5805643
2864:3347005
2813:3821977
2402:4444122
2379:Bibcode
2336:2808014
1997:Bibcode
1828:8028018
1561:Sorghum
1534:flavins
1297:24–634
1202:with a
1174:bananas
1158:berries
1146:parsley
955:(ECg),
951:(EGC),
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939:(GCg),
801:Flavans
517:Fisetin
162:History
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5755:Others
5709:L-DOPA
5274:Others
4729:Butein
4476:Flavan
4435:Orobol
4240:Apiole
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1552:barley
1474:Cancer
1462:, and
1452:cancer
1364:NHANES
1334:2–175
1286:4–100
1253:Peanut
1198:, and
1178:citrus
1176:, all
1150:onions
1139:humans
1104:citrus
959:(EGCg)
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670:Group
564:Group
364:Group
176:scurvy
140:ketone
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5122:Eckol
4437:et.c.
3650:et.c.
3418:S2CID
3166:S2CID
2912:S2CID
2769:S2CID
2254:(PDF)
2239:(PDF)
2217:S2CID
2082:(6).
2049:S2CID
1556:maize
1323:Lemon
1300:8–10
1239:peels
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1204:cocoa
1020:4-one
927:(C),
900:3-ols
834:Name
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619:4-one
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2994:2023
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2904:PMID
2869:PMID
2818:PMID
2761:PMID
2726:PMID
2691:PMID
2655:PMID
2620:PMID
2589:2023
2563:2023
2499:2013
2477:2013
2451:PMID
2407:PMID
2341:PMID
2209:PMID
2125:PMID
2041:PMID
1964:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1917:2012
1904:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1833:PMID
1785:2021
1564:and
1435:and
1376:EFSA
1360:USDA
1331:0–2
1235:pulp
1168:and
913:3-ol
894:Flav
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703:Flav
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