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803:(L'ile Des Soeurs) & the Island of Montreal, was measured by a calibrated device as being 7,512 feet or 2,290 meters or 1.4227 miles or 2.290 kilometers long starting and ending where the treadway rises above the ground and a pedestrian could access the bridge as close as possible to the St Lawrence River.
1268:
Pedestrian overpasses over highways or railroads are expensive, especially when elevators or long ramps for wheelchair users are required. Without elevators or ramps, people with mobility handicaps will not be able to use the structure. People may prefer to walk across a busy road rather than climb a
210:, built a 'new' wooden bridge across the lake that has been used to 1878 â measuring approximately 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) in length and 4 metres (13 ft) wide. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland.
824:
is the longest enclosed pedestrian bridge, completed on
October 1, 2021. The 305 metre bridge was part of a $ 250 million project to UWM's offices, which converted a former warehouse and utilized shipping containers for offices, corridors, and other spaces.
107:
Footbridges are often situated to allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads. They are also located across roads to let pedestrians cross safely without slowing traffic. The latter is a type of
1355:
828:
The
Walkway Over The Hudson footbridge was originally built for trains, it was recently restored as a pedestrian walkway. The footbridge has a total length of 2,063 metres (6,768 ft). Before it was demolished in 2011, the
743:. The first charity to develop such designs was Helvetas, located in Zurich, Switzerland. Designs that can be sustainably and efficiently used in developing countries are typically made available to the public gratis.
1445:
78:âpossibly the earliest man-made structure to "bridge" waterâto elaborate steel structures. Another early bridge would have been simply a fallen tree. In some cases a footbridge can be both functional and artistic.
345:, Russia. Like other bridges across the canal, the existing structure dates from 1826. The special popularity of the bridge was gained through angular sculptures of four winged lions crowning the
70:
designed solely for pedestrians. While the primary meaning for a bridge is a structure which links "two points at a height above the ground", a footbridge can also be a lower structure, such as a
1256:, tracks and village roads. These provide essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network. Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this
422:
Design of footbridges normally follows the same principles as for other bridges. However, because they are normally significantly lighter than vehicular bridges, they are more vulnerable to
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1970:
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that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. Some of the first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees.
1331:
1888:
1176:
1665:(A log bridge) is a bridge composed of log beams, the logs being in natural condition or hewn, which are thrown across two abutments, and over which traffic may pass.
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792:
998:
2008:
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257:, supported on stone piers (across rivers), or resting on the banks of streams. Although often credited with prehistoric origin, most were erected in
1272:
Narrow, enclosed structures can result in perceptions of low personal security among users. Wider structures and good lighting can help reduce this.
284:
in
Switzerland. It is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe, and one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions. The bridge was originally built
2105:
1995:
1872:
589:. Some former road bridges have had their traffic diverted to alternative crossings and have become pedestrian bridges; examples in the UK include
81:
For rural communities in the developing world, a footbridge may be a community's only access to medical clinics, schools, businesses and markets.
1815:
1988:
2021:
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effects are often given more attention in design. International attention has been drawn to this issue in recent years by problems on the
1974:
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mountain in the Czech
Republic, opened in May 2022. The 721 metres (2,365 ft) bridge hangs 95 metres (312 ft) above ground.
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1944:
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676:) in a theater, between parts of a building, along the side of a bridge, on the inside of a tunnel, on the outside of any large
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to another by stepping over the tracks, but from the mid-19th century onwards safety demanded the provision of a footbridge (or
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109:
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Narrow footbridges or walkways to allow workers access to parts of a structure otherwise difficult to reach are referred as
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to reduce the risk of pedestrians falling. Where they pass over busy roads or railways, they may also include a fence or
265:. First recorded in the 14th century, the bridge is believed to have been originally built in the 13th century to enable
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656:) at busier places. However, in some quieter areas, crossing the line by walking over the tracks is possible.
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and leaves on its south side, crossing the
Lungarno dei Archibusieri and then following the north bank of the
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are examples from
England, that are around 6000 years old. Undoubtedly ancient peoples would also have used
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bridge. It is recommended that overpasses should only be used where the number of users justify the costs.
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and other mobility-impaired people, careful consideration is nowadays also given to provision of access
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Proceedings of the
National parks conference held at Berkeley, California March 11, 12, and 13, 1915
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The Wiggly Bridge in York, Maine is the smallest pedestrian suspension bridge in the United States.
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Since the early 1980s, several charities have developed standardized footbridge designs that are
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is not needed and the footbridges are built with readily available materials and basic tools.
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349:. They were designed by sculptor Pavel Sokolov (1764-1835), who also contributed lions for
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202:, followed by several reconstructions at least until the late 2nd century AD, when the
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841:, Australia was longer than the Poughkeepsie Bridge at 2.684 km (1.668 mi).
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to prevent pedestrians from jumping, or throwing projectiles onto the traffic below.
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Footbridges can also be built in the same ways as road or rail bridges; particularly
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704:. With the exception of those on top of railroad cars, catwalks are equipped with
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a short distance and can be used for a broad range of applications. Complicated
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times, and some in later centuries. A famous example is found in the village of
164:
140:
1945:"YEA 2021- United Wholesale Mortgage Pedestrian Bridge & Office Renovation"
1923:
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96:. Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as
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to cross the river. Nowadays clapper bridges are only used as footbridges.
194:
in
Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the
89:
and easily constructed in such areas using only local materials and labor.
902:, an extensive network of footbridges in Central, Victoria City, Hong Kong
2165:
2145:
2135:
1989:"Foot Bridges: A Manual for Construction at Community and District Level"
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311:. Beginning on the south side of the Palazzo Vecchio, it then joins the
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built a 6-metre-wide (20 ft) wooden bridge. Between 1358 and 1360,
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The record for the longest footbridge in the world was claimed by then
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For structures that separate foot traffic from roads or railways, see
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791:), a bridge built for bicycles and foot traffic only to parallel the
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An enclosed footbridge between two buildings is sometimes known as a
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155:, so this may have been one of the earliest types of footbridge.
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809:, the longest pedestrian suspension bridge, which spans in the
457:
in the UK). Some old bridges in Venice are now equipped with a
2140:
1642:
National Parks
Conference, Department of the Interior (1915).
1479:
198:
date back to 1523 B.C. The first wooden footbridge led across
229:) and in other upland areas of the United Kingdom including
1611:
1609:
1785:, International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2005,
1627:
Brunning, Richard (February 2001). "The
Somerset Levels".
276:
is a 204-metre-long (669 ft) footbridge crossing the
684:
or elsewhere, etc. The walkway on the outside (top) of a
648:
It was originally usual for passengers to cross from one
337:
is a famous 25 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing the
112:, examples of which are particularly found near schools.
1681:. In Ryall, M. J.; Parke, G.A.R.; Harding, J.E. (eds.).
2024:. Pedestrian Bicycle Information Center. Archived from
1496:
1726:. Dartmoor National Park Authority. 2003. p. 27.
644:, with some people choosing to walk across the tracks
1889:"WALKWAY OPENS, THOUSANDS EXPLORE UNIQUE STATE PARK"
1631:. XV (4) (172 (Special issue on Wetlands)): 139â143.
461:
so that residents with a disability can cross them.
2048:"Pedestrian/Bicycle Overcrossings: Lessons Learned"
249:. It is formed by large flat slabs of stone, often
217:is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of
2007:Also available on the British government website
1761:(in German). Lucerne, Switzerland. 18 August 2013
1805:. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing.
767:Governor David Paterson in a 2009 article about
558:Different types of design footbridges include:
323:. It was built in five months by order of Duke
30:Women heading to market across a footbridge in
396:
2099:
8:
1816:"Negligence Petroleum storage tank exploded"
1451:Steel footbridge over BĂśser Ellbach stream,
1361:A footbridge to an orthodox church in Greece
1177:Tropicana â Las Vegas Boulevard intersection
999:Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges
453:, as required by relevant legislation (e.g.
1803:How to build paths, steps & Footbridges
672:. Such catwalks are located above a stage (
2106:
2092:
2084:
1971:"Final Curtain for the Hornibrook Highway"
1777:
1775:
288:1365 as part of Lucerne's fortifications.
1341:is a concealed box girder beam bridge in
1043:Liberty Bridge at Falls Park on the Reedy
1996:Department for International Development
1783:Guidelines for the Design of Footbridges
1755:"Vor 20 Jahren brannte die KapellbrĂźcke"
1679:"The history and development of bridges"
1464:
441:To ensure footbridges are accessible to
1605:
1279:
1252:Much rural travel takes place on local
1720:A Guide to the Archaeology of Dartmoor
547:The residential-scale footbridges all
299:, an elevated, enclosed passageway in
16:Bridge designed solely for pedestrians
1690:. London: Thomas Telford. p. 1.
1545:Don Burnett Bicycle-Pedestrian Bridge
7:
2022:"Pedestrian Overpasses/Underpasses"
1994:. I.T. Transport. Prepared for the
1534:or in some cases only to bicycles.
620:Most footbridges are equipped with
455:Disability Discrimination Act 1995
85:designs have been developed to be
14:
1949:Civil + Structural Engineer Media
1901:. October 3, 2009. Archived from
696:came into use, or on top of some
640:Bridge at Tilak Nagar Station in
2060:from the original on 2010-06-09.
1998:(DFID), UK. 2004. Archived from
1684:The manual of bridge engineering
1483:
1444:
1429:
1409:
1390:
1366:
1354:
1330:
1310:
1282:
100:and form an important part of a
2079:Timber Pedestrian Bridge Images
1570:Pedestrian separation structure
1054:and the high-level walkways in
151:The simplest type of bridge is
131:, in the Lake District, England
110:pedestrian separation structure
21:Pedestrian separation structure
781:Champlain Bridge Ice Structure
485:Types of footbridges include:
319:until it crosses the river at
159:people also built a form of a
1:
1420:on each corner of a four-way
1119:Bogdan Khmelnitsky Pedestrian
285:
163:across marshes, of which the
1469:View, looking south, of the
1175:Pedestrian walkway over the
1028:Bob Kerrey Pedestrian Bridge
724:Helvetas-type footbridge in
303:, Italy, which connects the
188:HolzbrĂźcke Rapperswil-Hurden
1821:. July 2000. Archived from
963:Gateshead Millennium Bridge
873:North Little Rock, Arkansas
2304:
2273:Bridges by mode of traffic
1650:Government Printing Office
1397:A pedestrian overcross in
1047:Greenville, South Carolina
891:Capilano Suspension Bridge
473:A simple French footbridge
327:in 1565, to the design of
208:Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria
18:
2278:Pedestrian infrastructure
2199:
2121:
2074:How To Build a Footbridge
2046:Rory Renfro (June 2007).
1616:Oxford English Dictionary
1526:to be accessible to both
1185:Walnut Street Bridges in
818:United Wholesale Mortgage
397:
145:Huntington, West Virginia
1781:Schlaich, Mike, et al.,
1436:Tamchog Chakzam bridge,
1209:Willimantic, Connecticut
1187:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
1084:Newport Southbank Bridge
1066:Perth, Western Australia
900:Central Elevated Walkway
779:. On July 22, 2017, the
527:Simple suspension bridge
83:Simple suspension bridge
1677:Bennett, David (2000).
1475:Bordeaux Railway Bridge
886:Jeffersonville, Indiana
716:In developing countries
64:pedestrian overcrossing
2288:Landscape architecture
1899:Poughkeepsie, New York
1851:webster-dictionary.net
1477:
1205:Willimantic Footbridge
1191:Chattanooga, Tennessee
1167:Waco Suspension Bridge
788:
777:Poughkeepsie, New York
760:
732:
700:cars is also called a
645:
482:
474:
419:
374:
291:An early example of a
148:
132:
47:
35:
1468:
1317:Boardwalk across the
906:Chain of Rocks Bridge
820:Pedestrian Bridge in
759:, New York State, US.
754:
723:
639:
480:
472:
380:
365:A footbridge seen in
364:
138:
123:
102:sustainable transport
41:
29:
1894:Poughkeepsie Journal
1875:May 3, 2012, at the
1801:Jeswald, P. (2005).
1381:is a footbridge and
1339:BP Pedestrian Bridge
1301:is a footbridge and
1232:in Bangkok, Thailand
1226:in Bangkok, Thailand
1158:Nashville, Tennessee
1154:Shelby Street Bridge
1145:Southbank footbridge
937:Circuit de la Sarthe
882:Louisville, Kentucky
856:Bridge of Four Lions
789:l'Estacade Champlain
741:developing countries
1629:Current Archaeology
1236:Uttamanusorn Bridge
1200:Melbourne Docklands
1149:Southbank, Victoria
924:Davenport Skybridge
915:Corktown Footbridge
910:St. Louis, Missouri
757:Poughkeepsie Bridge
325:Cosimo I de' Medici
60:pedestrian overpass
1743:on 6 October 2008.
1495:. You can help by
1478:
1416:A footbridge with
1375:Puente de la Mujer
958:Winnipeg, Manitoba
761:
733:
646:
626:other such barrier
615:Windsor, Berkshire
583:suspension bridges
483:
475:
420:
375:
149:
139:Footbridge to the
133:
48:
36:
2255:
2254:
2217:Civil engineering
2005:on July 15, 2007.
1951:. 1 February 2022
1697:978-0-7277-2774-9
1594:Wildlife crossing
1561:Hoogholtje bridge
1557:, London, England
1513:
1512:
1163:Tournament Bridge
1121:bridges in Moscow
1109:Ponte Sant'Angelo
1088:Newport, Kentucky
1075:Mishima, Shizuoka
1052:Millennium Bridge
1030:, Omaha, Nebraska
1001:, London, England
965:, London, England
845:Other footbridges
831:Hornibrook Bridge
822:Pontiac, Michigan
755:A section of the
436:Millennium Bridge
434:in Paris and the
432:Pont de SolfĂŠrino
182:Among the oldest
56:pedestrian bridge
44:Shaharah District
2295:
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2043:
2037:
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1973:. Archived from
1967:
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1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1924:"Sky Bridge 721"
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:on April 2, 2015
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1759:Luzerner Zeitung
1751:
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1314:
1286:
1181:Paradise, Nevada
1129:Paddington Basin
1062:Matagarup Bridge
1034:Kingsgate Bridge
1005:Jade Belt Bridge
895:British Columbia
860:Saint Petersburg
811:KrĂĄlickĂ˝ SnÄĹžnĂk
797:Brossard, Quebec
793:Champlain Bridge
747:Long footbridges
650:railway platform
405:
403:
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343:Saint Petersburg
287:
143:Rose Garden, in
42:A footbridge in
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1877:Wayback Machine
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1071:Mishima Skywalk
1038:Durham, England
989:Ha'penny Bridge
983:Gorkha District
969:Goodwill Bridge
928:Davenport, Iowa
878:Big Four Bridge
847:
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674:theater catwalk
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591:The Iron Bridge
537:Stepping stones
509:Timber trackway
467:
394:
359:
351:Bridge of Lions
339:Griboedov Canal
305:Palazzo Vecchio
297:Vasari Corridor
280:in the city of
190:crossing upper
153:stepping stones
125:Stepping stones
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2068:External links
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2013:
1980:
1977:on 2011-07-06.
1962:
1936:
1926:. DolnĂ Morava
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1696:
1688:(Google books)
1669:
1648:. Washington:
1634:
1619:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1589:Canopy walkway
1582:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1517:bicycle bridge
1511:
1510:
1490:
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1471:bicycle bridge
1462:
1461:Bicycle bridge
1459:
1458:
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1303:bascule bridge
1291:Kaldnes Bridge
1288:
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1274:
1265:
1262:
1258:infrastructure
1249:
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1193:
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1135:St Elmo Bridge
1132:
1125:Rolling Bridge
1122:
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1018:Kaldnes Bridge
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954:Esplanade Riel
951:
930:
921:
912:
903:
897:
888:
875:
865:Big Dam Bridge
862:
848:
846:
843:
833:which crossed
807:Sky Bridge 721
765:New York State
748:
745:
717:
714:
698:covered hopper
661:
658:
633:
630:
611:Windsor Bridge
579:
578:
572:
566:
545:
544:
542:Zig-zag bridge
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
502:
500:Clapper bridge
497:
492:
466:
463:
426:and therefore
412:Kaga, Ishikawa
408:Yamanaka Onsen
384:like designed
367:Walbridge Park
358:
355:
329:Giorgio Vasari
313:Uffizi Gallery
215:clapper bridge
184:timber bridges
117:
114:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2049:
2042:
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2028:on 2013-06-04
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1976:
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1963:
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1828:on 2022-09-29
1824:
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1798:
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1792:
1791:2-88394-072-X
1788:
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1555:Garden Bridge
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1491:This section
1489:
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1379:Puerto Madero
1376:
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1313:
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1296:
1292:
1285:
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1275:
1273:
1270:
1264:Disadvantages
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:Pi Kun Bridge
1228:
1225:
1222:
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1107:
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1101:
1098:
1097:Pont des Arts
1095:
1093:
1089:
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1080:
1076:
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1069:
1067:
1063:
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1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:Summer Palace
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
984:
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979:Gorkha Bridge
977:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
959:
955:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Dunlop Bridge
931:
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922:
920:
916:
913:
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904:
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715:
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703:
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687:
686:railroad cars
683:
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556:
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543:
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523:
520:
518:
517:Corduroy road
514:
510:
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501:
498:
496:
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491:
488:
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486:
479:
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464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
409:
401:
393:
392:Ayatori hashi
390:
387:
383:
382:String figure
379:
372:
368:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
321:Ponte Vecchio
318:
314:
310:
309:Palazzo Pitti
306:
302:
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294:
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283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
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248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
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205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
177:timber bridge
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
146:
142:
137:
130:
127:, across the
126:
122:
116:Early history
115:
113:
111:
105:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
40:
34:, El Salvador
33:
28:
22:
2222:Construction
2207:Architecture
2203:
2150:
2041:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:the original
2016:
2000:the original
1983:
1975:the original
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1928:. Retrieved
1918:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1892:
1883:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1830:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1810:
1802:
1797:
1782:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1738:the original
1719:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1683:
1672:
1664:
1657:. Retrieved
1644:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1516:
1514:
1504:October 2022
1501:
1497:adding to it
1492:
1470:
1453:Black Forest
1422:intersection
1399:Nanjing Road
1383:swing bridge
1271:
1267:
1251:
1240:Kanchanaburi
1103:Ponte Milvio
1056:Tower Bridge
827:
815:
805:
801:Nun's Island
773:Hudson River
762:
734:
701:
678:storage tank
669:
665:
663:
647:
619:
587:beam bridges
580:
557:
546:
532:Simple truss
484:
440:
421:
391:
371:Toledo, Ohio
333:
290:
274:KapellbrĂźcke
271:
212:
204:Roman Empire
181:
175:; that is a
150:
129:River Rothay
106:
98:greenbridges
91:
80:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
2268:Footbridges
2186:Storm drain
2156:Interchange
1955:18 February
1565:Netherlands
1532:pedestrians
1196:Webb bridge
1171:Waco, Texas
975:, Australia
869:Little Rock
852:Bank Bridge
835:Bramble Bay
771:across the
769:the walkway
739:for use in
737:sustainable
622:guard rails
571:footbridges
565:footbridges
553:engineering
522:Moon bridge
490:Beam Bridge
438:in London.
335:Bank Bridge
278:River Reuss
267:pack horses
200:Lake ZĂźrich
192:Lake ZĂźrich
173:log bridges
165:Sweet Track
141:Ritter Park
87:sustainable
2262:Categories
2247:Urban park
2227:Playground
2151:Footbridge
2032:2013-11-14
1930:2022-06-17
1909:2009-10-06
1832:2013-09-01
1765:2017-06-02
1652:. p.
1601:References
1248:Advantages
1242:, Thailand
1224:Saphan Hok
1220:, Thailand
1214:Saphan Han
1115:Pushkinsky
1092:Cincinnati
839:Queensland
694:air brakes
607:Pontypridd
603:Old Bridge
599:Shropshire
595:Ironbridge
577:footbridge
513:Plank road
505:Duckboards
389:pedestrian
317:River Arno
263:Postbridge
247:Lancashire
169:Post Track
167:, and the
52:footbridge
2204:See also:
1847:"catwalk"
1703:March 14,
1659:March 14,
1455:, Germany
1418:elevators
1325:, Belgium
1319:High Fens
1254:footpaths
1058:in London
995:, Ireland
710:handrails
692:, before
670:cat walks
654:underpass
495:Boardwalk
459:stairlift
424:vibration
347:abutments
307:with the
243:Yorkshire
231:Snowdonia
161:boardwalk
157:Neolithic
72:boardwalk
32:Nahulingo
2171:Pipeline
2166:Overpass
2146:Drainage
2136:Causeway
2055:Archived
1873:Archived
1856:10 April
1574:overpass
1550:Footpath
1538:See also
1528:bicycles
1524:designed
1424:in Tokyo
1403:Shanghai
1295:Tønsberg
1139:Valletta
1131:, London
1099:in Paris
1086:between
1024:, Norway
1022:Tønsberg
973:Brisbane
880:between
867:between
854:and the
799:west to
730:Ethiopia
706:railings
688:such as
682:refinery
666:catwalks
632:Railways
575:Concrete
443:disabled
428:dynamics
301:Florence
259:medieval
235:Anglesey
223:Dartmoor
104:system.
54:(also a
2242:Theatre
2237:Stadium
1585:Walkway
1347:Chicago
1323:Ardenne
1276:Gallery
1218:Bangkok
1198:in the
1141:, Malta
1111:in Rome
1105:in Rome
1013:Beijing
1007:in the
985:, Nepal
981:in the
941:Le Mans
935:at the
726:Rubaksa
702:catwalk
690:boxcars
660:Catwalk
386:tourism
295:is the
282:Lucerne
251:granite
239:Cumbria
196:Seedamm
186:is the
147:(2024).
66:) is a
46:, Yemen
2232:Public
2191:Tunnel
2181:Skyway
2126:Bridge
2009:gov.uk
1789:
1730:
1694:
1580:Pedway
1521:bridge
1438:Bhutan
1299:Norway
1165:* The
993:Dublin
949:France
945:Sarthe
919:Ottawa
785:French
642:Mumbai
601:, the
563:Timber
515:, and
418:, 1991
373:, 1895
357:Design
293:skyway
255:schist
227:Exmoor
94:skyway
68:bridge
2212:Arena
2161:Levee
2131:Canal
2058:(PDF)
2051:(PDF)
2003:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1724:(PDF)
1519:is a
1079:Japan
908:near
795:from
680:in a
569:Steel
465:Types
451:ramps
447:lifts
416:Japan
400:ăăă¨ăćŠ
219:Devon
62:, or
2176:Road
1957:2022
1858:2015
1787:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1705:2010
1692:ISBN
1661:2010
1587:and
1530:and
1373:The
1337:The
1289:The
1189:and
1117:and
1090:and
884:and
871:and
816:The
609:and
585:and
549:span
272:The
245:and
233:and
225:and
2141:Dam
1499:.
1377:in
1293:in
1238:in
1216:in
1207:in
1179:in
1169:in
1156:in
1147:in
1137:in
1127:at
1073:in
1064:in
1045:in
1036:in
1020:in
1011:in
991:in
971:at
956:in
926:in
917:in
893:in
858:in
837:in
775:at
708:or
668:or
613:at
605:at
593:at
449:or
406:in
398:ja:
341:in
253:or
2264::
2053:.
1947:.
1897:.
1891:.
1849:.
1774:^
1757:.
1663:.
1654:60
1608:^
1563:,
1515:A
1401:,
1345:,
1321:,
1297:,
1260:.
1077:,
947:,
943:,
939:,
787::
728:,
712:.
617:.
597:,
511:,
507:,
414:,
410:,
369:,
353:.
331:.
286:c.
241:,
237:,
213:A
58:,
50:A
2107:e
2100:t
2093:v
2035:.
2011:.
1959:.
1933:.
1912:.
1860:.
1835:.
1768:.
1707:.
1576:)
1572:(
1506:)
1502:(
1385:.
1349:.
1305:.
783:(
404:)
395:(
221:(
23:.
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