276:
54:
825:
238:
795:
840:
776:
810:
37:
261:
253:
467:. The exact measurements of length and width of the three ships have not survived, but good estimates of their burden capacity can be judged from contemporary anecdotes written down by one or more of Columbus's crew members, and contemporary Spanish and Portuguese shipwrecks from the late 15th and early 16th centuries which are comparable in size to that of
515:
crossing. Then on the return trip, on 24 December (1492), not having slept for two days, Columbus decided at 11:00 p.m. to lie down to sleep. The night being calm, the steersman also decided to sleep, leaving only a cabin boy to steer the ship, a practice which the admiral had always strictly
979:
of
Columbus, christened the ship as part of the 500th anniversary of its voyage. The ship was removed from its moorings in 2014, cut into 10 pieces, and stored in a lot south of the city, pending funding to do repairs and restorations. As of early 2016, the plans for restoration have stalled.
587:
in northwest Spain. It is true, however, that the
Spanish sovereigns offered an amnesty to convicts who signed up for the voyage; still, only four men took up the offer: one who had killed a man in a fight, and three friends of his who had then helped him escape from jail.
939:. The replica cost about $ 1.2 million. The ship was constructed out of white cedar as opposed to the oak used on the original to give the ship a long life in the Scioto River and to reduce cost. The main mast was carved out of a single
591:
Despite the romantic legend that the Queen of Spain had used a necklace that she had received from her husband the king as collateral for a loan, the voyage was principally financed by a syndicate of seven noble
1417:
524:. It sank the next day. Realizing that the ship was beyond repair, Columbus ordered his men to strip the timbers from the ship. The timbers were later used to build a fort which Columbus called
943:
tree and was equipped with a top sail (since removed). The ship was built using power tools, with a hull length of 29.6 m (97 ft), keel length 16.1 m (53 ft),
865:, since no documentation or illustration has survived from that era. Since the 19th century, various notable replicas have been publicly commissioned or privately constructed.
495:
were smaller, at only 50 to 75 tons burden and perhaps 15 to 18 metres (49 to 59 ft) on deck (updated dimensional estimates are discussed below in the section entitled
1445:
619:
is well-known, albeit in many cases, there are no surnames and the crewman's place of origin was used to differentiate him from others with the same given name.
1472:
967:
is 10.4 m (34 ft). The replica was declared by Jose Maria
Martinez-Hidalgo, a Spanish marine historian, to be the most authentic replica of the
541:
775:
877:
started in Spain at around 1890 for the 400th anniversary of
Columbus's voyage. An 1892 reconstruction by the Spanish government depicted the ship as a
839:
1803:
1753:
1748:
1502:
1473:"Preliminary report of the mission carried out on Cap-Haitien by experts from UNESCO, the Ministry of Culture and the National Office of Ethnology"
1381:
Paret, Robert (2010). "MUPANAH and the
Promotion of Historical and Cultural Values - Paret - 2011 - Museum International - Wiley Online Library".
794:
1239:
The
Journal of Christopher Columbus (During His First Voyage, 1492-93) and Documents Relating to the Voyages of John Cabot and Gaspar Corte Real
563:'s expert team published their final report, concluding that the wreck could not be Columbus's vessel. Fastenings used in the hull and possible
1793:
1679:
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280:
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forbidden. With the boy at the helm, the currents carried the ship onto a sandbank, running her aground off the present-day site of
483:, 12.6 m (41 ft) keel length and 5 to 5.7 m (16 to 19 ft) in width, and rated between 100 and 150 tons burden.
1209:
1008:, where she was visited by over 97,000 people in 25 days. Since then thousands more have sailed and continue to sail aboard that
976:
1763:
1065:
356:
1123:
1620:
1768:
1606:
275:
53:
1813:
1773:
1364:
918:
403:
1449:
1783:
1778:
609:
237:
1758:
905:, the ship was hand-carved and hand-painted, and then transported by flatbed trucks across the Rocky Mountains to
809:
575:
Columbus' crew was not composed of criminals as is widely believed. Many were experienced seamen from the port of
1485:
1290:
1798:
1559:
1090:
1808:
1001:
1510:
1070:
846:
284:
84:
608:). Hence, all the accounting and recording of the voyage was kept in Seville. This also applies to the
359:
across the
Atlantic Ocean in 1492, with the backing of the Spanish monarchs. Her master and owner was
1295:
1049:
850:
629:
576:
352:
159:
451:"). All these ships were second-hand (if not third- or more) and were not intended for exploration.
1169:
952:
476:
390:, about 62 ft (18.9 m) long on deck, and according to Juan Escalante de Mendoza in 1575,
148:
1398:
1025:
894:
801:
1621:"QUEER CRAFT THESE CARAVELS. - Those Who Saw Them Hobble to Anchor Marveled at Columbus's Pluck"
1418:"Exclusive: Found after 500 years, the wreck of Christopher Columbus's flagship the Santa Maria"
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217:
58:
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and
Highborn Cay Wreck in the Bahamas. Both were caravel vessels 19 m (62 ft) in
1422:
1196:
944:
584:
379:
360:
94:
1031:
928:
816:
552:
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530:(Christmas) because the wreck occurred on Christmas Day, north from the modern town of
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480:
432:
415:
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36:
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1038:
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996:. The ship is 22 m (72 ft) long and 7 m (23 ft) wide. In 1998
260:
252:
1365:
Before presumed discovery of
Columbus’ Santa Maria off Haiti, there was an anchor
1113:
964:
940:
948:
526:
399:
375:
144:
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898:
890:
580:
1275:
947:
7.9 m (26 ft), depth 3.2 m (10 ft) and load 223.8
540:
carried several anchors, possibly six. One of the anchors now rests in the
463:
were modest-sized merchant vessels comparable in size to a modern cruising
1266:
Davies, Arthur (1953). "The Loss of the Santa Maria
Christmas day, 1492".
960:
956:
531:
407:
221:
1115:
La Gallega, nave capitana de Colón en el primer viaje de descubrimientos
1013:
989:
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878:
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422:
387:
133:
17:
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1005:
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935:, who later cut the ship in half and transported it by truck to the
1560:"Haiti wreck isn't Columbus' ship Santa Maria, U.N. says - CNN.com"
854:
521:
464:
274:
271:
s alleged anchors on display at Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien
259:
251:
236:
931:. It was built by the Scarano Brothers Boat Building Company in
472:
429:; one particular ship sailed for 46 years and was remembered as
583:
and its surrounding countryside, as well as from the region of
511:
was the slowest of Columbus' vessels but performed well in the
301:[laˈsãn̪.t̪amaˈɾi.að̞e̞laĩm.ma.kuˈla.ð̞akõn̟.θeβ̞ˈθjõn]
971:
in the world during the ship's coronation on 12 October 1991.
487:, being Columbus' largest ship, was only about this size, and
992:, between July 1997 and July 1998, in the fishing village of
1533:"Haiti shipwreck is not Columbus's Santa Maria, says Unesco"
1446:"Has Wreckage of Christopher Columbus' Flagship Been Found?"
861:
Little is definitively known about the actual dimensions of
421:
The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the smaller
1247:. Trans. Clement R. Markham. London: Hakluyt Society
746:
Pedro de Salcedo, servant of Columbus and ship's boy
351:), was the largest of the three small ships used by
612:, even though the syndicate had by then disbanded.
551:On 13 May 2014, underwater archaeological explorer
1619:
1503:"Shipwreck is not Santa Maria, UNESCO experts say"
1142:William D. Phillips; Carla Rahn Phillips (1992).
1148:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–145.
988:A functional replica was built on the island of
85:Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
716:Juan (Horacio Crassocius from La Rabida Friary)
1697:"Setting Sail for Parts Unknown: Santa Maria!"
893:and anchored in "Deep Sea Adventure Lake" at
555:claimed that his team had found the wreck of
8:
1609:". Archived July 2011. Accessed 2 June 2012.
1318:"Haïti histoire - 7 Bord de Mer de Limonade"
27:Carrack used by Christopher Columbus in 1492
1214:. Cambridge University Press. p. 206.
1211:Archaeology and the Social History of Ships
647:Rodrigo de Escobedo, secretary of the fleet
304:
315:The Holy Mary of the Immaculate Conception
292:La Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción
1091:"Pontevedra - Monumento a la Santa Maria"
174:est. keel length 12.6 m (41 ft)
701:James Wardropper (Lord of the Wardrobes)
1601:
1599:
1583:
1581:
1471:Prieto, Xavier Nieto (3 October 2014).
1081:
763:
171:est. hull length 19 m (62 ft)
70:Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción
567:dated it to the 17th or 18th century.
471:. These include the ballast piles and
31:
1172:. Elizabethan-era.org.uk. 16 May 2012
959:is 9.7 m (32 ft) high, the
386:was a medium-sized commercial nau or
346:
331:
299:
51:
7:
1558:Laura Smith-Spark (7 October 2014).
1539:. London. AFP, Paris. 6 October 2014
1605:The Columbus Navigation Homepage. "
1062:(including a list of ship replicas)
606:Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de Medici
398:100 toneladas" (about 100 tons, or
1444:Maranzani, Barbara (13 May 2014).
1145:The Worlds of Christopher Columbus
927:, was commissioned by the city of
542:Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien
414:had a single deck and three small
25:
1674:. London: Naval Institute Press.
1672:The Ships of Christopher Columbus
1342:Florida Museum of Natural History
1289:Maclean, Frances (January 2008).
644:Pedro de Gutierrez, royal steward
635:Juan de la Cosa, owner and master
406:, or burden, and was used as the
231:Captained by Christopher Columbus
1701:photographcolumbus.wordpress.com
1590:The Life of Christopher Columbus
1509:. 6 October 2014. Archived from
1395:10.1111/j.1468-0033.2011.01744.x
963:is 15.9 m (52 ft) and
838:
823:
808:
793:
774:
52:
35:
1804:Shipwrecks in the Caribbean Sea
1754:15th-century maritime incidents
1749:1492 in the Spanish West Indies
1066:Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1268:The American Historical Review
1235:Columbus, Christopher (1893).
641:Diego de Arana, master-at-arms
1:
1448:. History.com. Archived from
919:Santa Maria Ship & Museum
668:Antonio de Cuéllar, carpenter
496:
1794:Age of Sail individual ships
1170:"Christopher Columbus Ships"
1012:replica which is located in
752:Pedro de Terreros, cabin boy
650:Rodrigo Sanchez, comptroller
559:. In the following October,
333:[laˈsãn̪.t̪amaˈɾi.a]
192:est. 3.2 m (10 ft)
184:est. 5.5 m (18 ft)
1291:"The Lost Fort of Columbus"
889:A replica was built during
873:Interest in reconstructing
656:Bartolome Garcia, boatswain
653:Luis de Torres, interpreter
1830:
1416:David Keys (13 May 2014).
1208:Gould, Richard A. (2000).
1112:Celso de la Riega (1897).
916:
897:. Built at False Creek in
784:, built by craftsmen from
1724:. Santamariadecolombo.com
923:A replica, depicted as a
662:Cristobal Caro, goldsmith
600:(the group was linked to
124:
46:
34:
1722:"Santa María de Columbo"
638:Pedro Alonso Niño, pilot
242:Christopher Columbus on
1670:Pastor, Xavier (1992).
1118:. MAXTOR. p. 199.
725:Juan Martines de Acoque
665:Juan Sanchez, physician
604:and funds belonging to
396:very little larger than
125:General characteristics
1764:Age of Discovery ships
1649:"WEM Santa Maria page"
1587:Hale, Edward Everett.
782:Santa Maria de Colombo
287:
272:
257:
249:
1195:30 April 2010 at the
1089:Peter van der Krogt.
1071:Wharf of the Caravels
1056:named after this ship
847:Wharf of the Caravels
348:[laɡaˈʝe.ɣ̞a]
285:San Juan, Puerto Rico
278:
263:
255:
240:
1769:Christopher Columbus
1647:West Edmonton Mall.
1383:Museum International
1296:Smithsonian Magazine
1276:10.1086/ahr/58.4.854
1052:, a ridge on planet
1002:Madeira Wine Expo 98
851:Palos de la Frontera
734:Juan Ruiz de la Pena
707:Domingo de Lequeitio
671:Diego Perez, painter
630:Christopher Columbus
596:bankers resident in
410:for the expedition.
353:Christopher Columbus
1814:Shipwrecks of Haiti
1774:Spanish West Indies
1491:on 15 October 2014.
698:Bartolome de Torres
477:Molasses Reef Wreck
1784:Three-masted ships
1779:15th-century ships
1513:on 7 November 2015
1026:Columbian Exchange
895:West Edmonton Mall
885:West Edmonton Mall
802:West Edmonton Mall
749:Rodrigo de Gallego
632:), captain-general
628:Cristoforo Colon (
507:With three masts,
288:
281:Fort San Cristóbal
273:
258:
250:
1759:Exploration ships
1681:978-1-84486-014-2
1320:. Nilstremmel.com
1155:978-0-521-44652-5
1093:. Vanderkrogt.net
1050:Santa María Rupes
907:Edmonton, Alberta
692:Andres de Yruenes
677:Rodrigo de Triana
659:Chachu, boatswain
235:
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16:(Redirected from
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933:Albany, New York
903:British Columbia
869:Quadricentennial
842:
830:1998 replica in
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812:
797:
778:
765:Replicas of the
737:Marin de Urtubia
722:Juan de la Placa
683:Rodrigo de Jerez
602:Amerigo Vespucci
565:copper sheathing
357:first expedition
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1628:. 26 April 1893
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1593:, Ch. IX. 1891.
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1726:. Retrieved
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1653:. Retrieved
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1625:
1614:
1588:
1570:29 September
1568:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:The Guardian
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1497:
1486:the original
1479:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1421:
1411:
1389:(4): 39–45.
1386:
1382:
1376:
1369:Miami Herald
1368:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1341:
1340:"Article du
1334:
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1203:
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1164:
1144:
1114:
1107:
1097:30 September
1095:. Retrieved
1084:
1060:Ship replica
1037:
1030:
1009:
997:
987:
968:
953:displacement
937:Scioto River
922:
888:
874:
872:
862:
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767:
755:Diego García
713:Jacomel Rico
680:Maestre Juan
674:Lope, joiner
616:
615:The crew of
614:
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155:Tons burthen
149:displacement
140:Displacement
73:
72:(originally
69:
41:1892 replica
29:
1809:Cap-Haïtien
1632:18 November
1270:: 854–865.
1010:Santa María
998:Santa María
969:Santa María
965:mizzen mast
949:metric tons
941:douglas fir
875:Santa María
863:Santa María
845:Replica in
815:Replica in
800:Replica in
768:Santa María
617:Santa María
557:Santa María
538:Santa María
518:Cap-Haïtien
509:Santa María
485:Santa María
469:Santa María
461:Santa María
449:The Painted
427:Santa Clara
412:Santa María
392:Santa Maria
384:Santa María
372:Santa María
266:Santa María
244:Santa María
145:metric tons
120:Ran aground
1743:Categories
1302:24 January
1251:1 December
1125:849563693X
1077:References
977:50th mayor
527:La Navidad
459:, and the
376:Pontevedra
339:La Gallega
222:culebrinas
216:4 × 90 mm
205:Complement
197:Propulsion
74:La Gallega
1706:11 August
1543:6 October
1517:6 October
1505:. Paris:
1403:142632278
899:Vancouver
891:Expo 1986
788:, Madeira
623:Crew list
581:Andalusia
548:, Haiti.
503:Shipwreck
1789:Carracks
1651:. Wem.ca
1193:Archived
1020:See also
961:mainmast
957:foremast
760:Replicas
594:Genovese
532:Limonade
497:Replicas
440:"), and
438:The Girl
408:flagship
344:Spanish:
329:Spanish:
297:Spanish:
218:bombards
213:Armament
109:Stricken
101:Launched
81:Namesake
1728:15 July
1655:15 July
1564:CNN.com
1350:15 July
1324:15 July
1176:15 July
1054:Mercury
1014:Funchal
990:Madeira
984:Madeira
925:carrack
832:Madeira
598:Seville
585:Galicia
423:caravel
404:burthen
388:carrack
380:Galicia
367:History
355:in his
308:
264:One of
246:in 1492
189:Draught
134:Carrack
59:Castile
47:History
18:Gallega
1678:
1507:UNESCO
1481:UNESCO
1456:14 May
1429:13 May
1401:
1218:
1152:
1122:
1006:Lisbon
975:, the
955:. The
561:UNESCO
321:), or
166:Length
1566:. CNN
1489:(PDF)
1476:(PDF)
1399:S2CID
1039:Pinta
855:Spain
577:Palos
522:Haiti
493:Pinta
465:yacht
457:Pinta
444:Pinta
416:masts
394:was "
269:'
248:, oil
228:Notes
91:Owner
1730:2014
1708:2015
1676:ISBN
1657:2014
1634:2015
1572:2015
1545:2014
1519:2014
1458:2014
1431:2014
1352:2014
1326:2014
1304:2008
1253:2014
1216:ISBN
1178:2014
1150:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1099:2015
1032:Niña
945:beam
571:Crew
491:and
489:Niña
473:keel
453:Niña
433:Niña
400:tuns
305:lit.
200:sail
181:Beam
130:Type
117:Fate
104:1460
66:Name
1391:doi
1272:doi
1004:in
879:nau
579:in
499:).
442:La
431:La
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