37:
909:
decimal definition). Specifically, the courts held that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce' .... The
California Legislature has likewise adopted the decimal system for all 'transactions in this state'."
899:
is under 96% of a mebibyte, and a gigabyte is just over 93% of a gibibyte value. This means that a 300 GB (279 GiB) hard disk might be indicated variously as "300 GB", "279 GB" or "279 GiB", depending on the operating system. As storage sizes increase and larger units are used, these
908:
A lawsuit decided in 2019 that arose from alleged breach of contract and other claims over the binary and decimal definitions used for "gigabyte" have ended in favour of the manufacturers, with courts holding that the legal definition of gigabyte or GB is 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 (10) bytes (the
800:
capacities in certain size classes expressed in decimal gigabytes, such as "500 GB". The exact capacity of a given drive model is usually slightly larger than the class designation. Practically all manufacturers of hard disk drives and flash-memory disk devices continue to define one gigabyte as
591:
916:. Western Digital settled the challenge and added explicit disclaimers to products that the usable capacity may differ from the advertised capacity. Seagate was sued on similar grounds and also settled.
955:
Software allocates memory in varying degrees of granularity as needed to fulfill data structure requirements and binary multiples are usually not required. Other computer capacities and rates, like
614:
that needed to be expressed in a power of 2, but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2) is approximately 1000 (10), roughly corresponding to SI multiples, it was used for binary multiples as well.
590:
In response to litigation over whether the makers of electronic storage devices must conform to
Microsoft Windows' use of a binary definition of "GB" instead of the metric/decimal definition, the
1244:
594:
rejected that argument, ruling that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce.
610:
has a standard definition of 1000 bytes, as well as a discouraged meaning of 1024 bytes. The latter binary usage originated as compromise technical jargon for byte
68:
1606:
680:
618:
952:
rather than as 1.074 GB. The former specification is, however, often quoted as "1 GB" when applied to random-access memory.
1241:
1575:
1563:
975:, and are usually presented in decimal units. For example, the manufacturer of a "300 GB" hard drive is claiming a capacity of
565:(GiB) to denote 2 bytes. These differences are still readily seen, for example, when a 400 GB drive's capacity is displayed by
61:
833:
report size using binary multipliers. This discrepancy causes confusion, as a disk with an advertised capacity of, for example,
244:
1599:
1014:
1361:
912:
Earlier lawsuits had ended in settlement with no court ruling on the question, such as a lawsuit against drive manufacturer
788:
capacities using decimal prefixes. With the advent of gigabyte-range drive capacities, manufacturers labelled many consumer
719:
version 10.6 and later versions are a notable example of this usage in software, which report files sizes in decimal units.
1738:
928:
modules, is always a multiple of a power of 1024. It is thus convenient to use prefixes denoting powers of 1024, known as
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1527:
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1194:
54:
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1411:
1112:
1025:
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402:
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28:
1385:"Terms, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Microcomputers, Microprocessors, and Memory Integrated Circuits"
1187:
1464:
865:
243:
1435:"Defendant Western Digital Corporation's Brief in Support of Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Approval"
649:. Nevertheless, the term gigabyte continues to be widely used with the following two different meanings:
569:
as 372 GB instead of 372 GiB. Analogously, a memory module that is labeled as having the size "
972:
924:
Because of their physical design, the capacity of modern computer random-access memory devices, such as
1266:"Megabyte (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes; 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes"
532:
speeds. The term is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote
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1615:
861:
765:
546:
1215:
24:
1512:
895:(linear-log) function—for example, the decimal kilobyte value is nearly 98% of the kibibyte, a
1639:
830:
793:
757:
566:
529:
521:
1074:
956:
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684:
417:
36:
1579:
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1567:
1248:
1165:
1060:
929:
913:
797:
761:
517:
41:
1560:
829:
express hard drive capacity or file size using decimal multipliers, while others such as
745:
The binary definition uses powers of the base 2, as does the architectural principle of
493:(SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is one billion bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is
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19:
This article is about a multiple of bytes. For the binary unit of measurement, see
1353:
891:
The difference between units based on decimal and binary prefixes increases as a
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964:
746:
633:
denote 1024 bytes. By the end of 2007, the IEC Standard had been adopted by the
505:
1516:
1263:
675:
Based on powers of 10, this definition uses the prefix giga- as defined in the
789:
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692:
1251:"Note: 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 million bytes; 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes."
1146:
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20:
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853:, equal to 372 GiB) might be reported by the operating system as "
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44:
has a capacity of 500 gigabytes (GB) of data (i.e., 500 billion bytes).
1323:
1138:
817:, which is displayed on the packaging. Some operating systems such as
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1634:
1490:
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1214:
See also Dinan v. SanDisk LLC, No. 20-15287 (9th Cir. Feb. 11, 2021)
1046:
1039:
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822:
1517:"The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱"
592:
United States
District Court for the Northern District of California
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35:
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16989791406584358656
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77:
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500:
This definition is used in all contexts of science (especially
1629:
700:
768:). This definition is synonymous with the unambiguous unit
465:
459:
438:
432:
1383:
JEDEC Solid State
Technology Association (December 2002).
1299:"How OS X and iOS report storage capacity - Apple Support"
450:
1063:
cartridge available on the market holds about 32 GB.
456:
453:
429:
426:
423:
932:, in describing them. For example, a memory capacity of
1573:
https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/tb9903.htm
1561:
http://www.quinion.com/words/turnsofphrase/tp-kib1.htm
1028:
video at 19.39 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB.
545:(1024 or 2) bytes, however, particularly for sizes of
1035:
audio at 1.4 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB.
703:, and is also consistent with the other uses of the
468:
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441:
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1679:
1648:
1622:
1259:
1257:
625:, requiring that the gigabyte strictly denote 1000
447:
420:
1491:"Why is 1 GB equal to 10^9 bytes instead of 2^30?"
1237:
1235:
1405:
1403:
1401:
679:(SI). This is the recommended definition by the
553:has been ambiguous. To resolve this difficulty,
1600:
1556:http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html
1227:http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html
948:(1024 B) is conveniently expressed as 1
62:
8:
1465:"Seagate pays out over gigabyte definition"
991:, not 300 × 1024 (which would be
752:. This usage is widely promulgated by some
1607:
1593:
1585:
1439:Orin Safier v. Western Digital Corporation
69:
55:
872:nomenclature which quote the gigabyte as
681:International Electrotechnical Commission
645:, and in 2009 it was incorporated in the
619:International Electrotechnical Commission
561:(GB) is 10 bytes and specifies the term
1412:"Western Digital Settles Capacity Suit"
1129:
1334:from the original on 18 November 2021
1277:"How Mac OS X reports drive capacity"
971:, etc., do not depend on an inherent
784:, disk drive manufacturers expressed
7:
1433:Baskin, Scott D. (1 February 2006).
1364:from the original on 3 December 2021
1086:The "gigabyte" symbol is encoded by
900:differences become more pronounced.
1188:"Order Granting Motion to Dismiss"
1008:Examples of gigabyte-sized storage
683:(IEC). This definition is used in
647:International System of Quantities
516:, including storage capacities of
14:
1533:from the original on 3 June 2001
1463:Judge, Peter (26 October 2007).
1049:disc can hold about 8.5 GB.
1042:disc can hold about 4.7 GB.
780:Since the first disk drive, the
416:
1166:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1021:/s is approximately 1 GB.
621:(IEC) published standards for
1:
1229:Prefixes for binary multiples
677:International System of Units
491:International System of Units
480:for digital information. The
1195:United States District Court
1142:may be pronounced two ways.
1031:114 minutes of uncompressed
476:) is a multiple of the unit
1443:Western Digital Corporation
1410:Mook, Nate (28 June 2006).
1279:. Apple Inc. 27 August 2009
1077:can hold about 100 GB.
403:Orders of magnitude of data
16:Unit of digital information
1755:
1623:Platform-independent units
1113:Orders of magnitude (data)
1070:can hold about 50 GB.
1056:can hold about 25 GB.
18:
1152:Dictionary.com Unabridged
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29:Gigabyte (disambiguation)
1649:Platform-dependent units
1354:"ConsistentUnitPrefixes"
1242:SanDisk USB Flash Drive
741:bytes (= 1024 B = 2 B).
713:measures of performance
671:bytes (= 1000 B = 10 B)
587:) of storage capacity.
23:. For the company, see
1578:20 August 2016 at the
866:JEDEC memory standards
715:. The file manager of
707:in computing, such as
549:. Thus, some usage of
45:
27:. For other uses, see
969:operations per second
39:
1739:Units of information
1616:Units of information
1566:12 June 2004 at the
699:-based storage, and
512:, and many areas of
1247:13 May 2008 at the
78:Multiple-byte units
25:Gigabyte Technology
1513:Unicode Consortium
1169:. Merriam-Webster.
1017:video at 2.2
776:Consumer confusion
687:contexts and most
522:solid-state drives
46:
1726:
1725:
1701:Metric byte units
1489:Percival, Colin.
1303:support.apple.com
1082:Unicode character
1073:A triple-layered
1024:Seven minutes of
831:Microsoft Windows
794:solid-state drive
758:Microsoft Windows
754:operating systems
653:Base 10 (decimal)
567:Microsoft Windows
557:clarifies that a
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1066:A dual-layered
1061:Nintendo Switch
1052:A single-layer
1045:A dual-layered
1038:A single-layer
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959:hardware size,
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723:Base 2 (binary)
691:, particularly
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1474:16 September
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1468:
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1392:Jesd 100B.01
1391:
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1366:. Retrieved
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1327:
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1198:. Retrieved
1164:
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1085:
1059:The largest
1013:One hour of
965:clock speeds
954:
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890:
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617:In 1998 the
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555:IEC 80000-13
550:
502:data science
499:
494:
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411:
409:
138:
33:
1524:Unicode.org
1358:Debian Wiki
1328:Ubuntu Wiki
1136:The prefix
904:US lawsuits
888:(2 bytes).
693:hard drives
518:hard drives
506:engineering
217:quettabyte
1497:1 November
1414:. betanews
1330:. Ubuntu.
1283:16 October
1200:24 January
1161:"gigabyte"
1147:"gigabyte"
1124:References
1033:CD-quality
790:hard drive
786:hard drive
756:, such as
685:networking
602:Definition
576:" has one
206:ronnabyte
195:yottabyte
184:zettabyte
42:hard drive
1368:9 January
1338:9 January
1101:SQUARE GB
1004:) bytes.
837:(meaning
750:computers
705:SI prefix
612:multiples
606:The term
514:computing
368:yobibyte
354:zebibyte
340:exbibyte
326:pebibyte
315:terabyte
309:tebibyte
298:gigabyte
292:gibibyte
281:megabyte
275:mebibyte
264:kilobyte
258:kibibyte
162:petabyte
151:terabyte
1733:Category
1718:gigabyte
1713:megabyte
1708:kilobyte
1666:syllable
1576:Archived
1564:Archived
1528:Archived
1515:(2019).
1448:30 March
1418:30 March
1362:Archived
1332:Archived
1245:Archived
1107:See also
1098:㎇
897:megabyte
870:IEEE 100
819:Mac OS X
770:gibibyte
728:1 GiB =
717:Mac OS X
631:gibibyte
608:gigabyte
578:gibibyte
563:gibibyte
559:gigabyte
551:gigabyte
510:business
412:gigabyte
393:–
390:–
382:–
379:–
371:–
357:–
343:–
329:–
173:exabyte
139:gigabyte
126:megabyte
113:kilobyte
21:gibibyte
1692:megabit
1687:kilobit
1308:29 June
1088:Unicode
1068:Blu-ray
1054:Blu-ray
963:rates,
957:storage
782:IBM 350
764:(e.g.,
658:1 GB =
90:Decimal
1656:nibble
1635:hextet
1537:24 May
1095:
1093:U+3387
864:, the
855:372 GB
835:400 GB
827:Debian
825:, and
823:Ubuntu
747:binary
641:, and
524:, and
482:prefix
245:Memory
235:Value
229:Binary
100:Metric
96:Value
1640:octet
1531:(PDF)
1520:(PDF)
1469:ZDNet
1388:(PDF)
1191:(PDF)
1139:giga-
1047:DVD+R
1040:DVD+R
988:bytes
945:bytes
885:bytes
850:bytes
814:bytes
697:flash
627:bytes
526:tapes
387:1024
376:1024
362:1024
348:1024
334:1024
320:1024
303:1024
286:1024
269:1024
252:1024
211:1000
200:1000
189:1000
178:1000
167:1000
156:1000
145:1000
132:1000
119:1000
106:1000
1671:word
1661:byte
1539:2019
1499:2015
1476:2014
1450:2009
1420:2009
1370:2022
1340:2022
1310:2016
1285:2009
1202:2020
1026:HDTV
1019:Mbit
1015:SDTV
973:base
926:DIMM
868:use
860:For
821:and
796:and
701:DVDs
643:NIST
635:IEEE
629:and
486:giga
478:byte
410:The
1630:bit
1001:200
998:547
995:122
993:322
985:000
982:000
979:000
977:300
950:GiB
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936:073
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862:RAM
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847:000
844:000
841:000
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808:000
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766:RAM
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735:741
732:073
711:or
668:000
665:000
662:000
584:GiB
547:RAM
542:824
539:741
536:073
504:),
365:YiB
351:ZiB
337:EiB
323:PiB
306:TiB
289:GiB
272:MiB
255:KiB
239:IEC
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495:GB
466:aɪ
451:dʒ
439:aɪ
312:TB
295:GB
278:MB
261:KB
214:QB
203:RB
192:YB
181:ZB
170:EB
159:PB
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135:GB
122:MB
109:kB
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