772:
rigidity, tardive dyskinesia, and akathisia. 17 of 100 new parkinsonism cases are linked to administration of either cinnarizine or flunarizine. Drug induced parkinsonism is the second leading cause of parkinsonism. Evidence suggests that it is one of the metabolites of cinnarizine, C-2, that has an active role in contributing to the development of drug-induced parkinsonism. Those people especially at risk are elderly patients, in particular women, and patients who have been taking the drug for a longer amount of time. There is also evidence that patients with a family history of
Parkinson's or a genetic predisposition to the disease are more likely to develop the drug induced form of this disease as a result of cinnarizine treatment.
674:
456:
433:
768:, drowsiness, sweating, dry mouth, headache, skin problems, lethargy, gastrointestinal irritation, hypersensitivity reactions, as well as movement problems, muscle rigidity, and tremor. Because cinnarizine can cause drowsiness and blurred vision, it is important that users make sure their reactions are normal before driving, operating machinery, or doing any other jobs which could be dangerous if they are not fully alert or able to see well.
876:(half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of cinnarizine for smooth muscle contraction inhibition is 60 mM and it has been shown that this drug preferentially binds to its target calcium channels when they are in an open, as opposed to closed conformation. In treatment of nausea and motion sickness it was previously hypothesized that cinnarizine exerts its effects by inhibiting the calcium currents in voltage gated channels in
844:(steady state apparent volume of distribution) for lipid emulsion administration was 2× lower (6.871 ± 1.432 L/kg) than that of cinnarizine given in solution (14.018 ± 5.598 L/kg) and it was found that significantly less cinnarizine was taken up into the lung and brain in the lipid emulsion condition. This is significant because it would reduce the likelihood of toxic side effects in the
881:
pressure on the hair cells. It is true that cinnarizine does abolish calcium currents in vestibular hair cells as well; it is just that this only occurs at higher concentrations of drug (3 μM). The inhibition of these currents works to lessen the vertigo and motion-induced nausea by dampening the over-reactivity of the vestibular hair cells, which send information about balance and motion to the brain.
840:
had a higher AUC and lower clearance than the solution form, which meant that there was an increased bioavailability of cinnarizine, allowing for an improved therapeutic effect. Plasma pharmacokinetics of cinnarizine administered intravenously follows a three-compartment model first with a fast distribution phase, followed by a slower distribution phase, and ending with a very slow elimination. The V
737:. Cinnarizine inhibits the flow of calcium into red blood cells, which increases the elasticity of the cell wall, thereby increasing their flexibility and making the blood less viscous. This allows the blood to travel more efficiently and effectively through narrowed vessels in order to bring oxygen to damaged tissue. It is also effectively combined with other nootropics, primarily
40:
2417:
791:, stupor, and convulsions. The cognitive complications likely result from the antihistaminic effects of cinnarizine, while the motor effects are a product of the antidopaminergic properties. In cases of overdose, the patient should be brought to and observed in a hospital for potential neurological complications.
726:
However, cinnarizine does not heighten toxicity risk, and in fact, evidence even seems to suggest that cinnarizine may be beneficial in helping delay O2 toxicity in the central nervous system. There is also evidence that cinnarizine may be used as an effective anti-asthma medication when taken regularly.
880:
within the inner ear. However, more recent evidence supports the idea that at pharmacologically relevant levels (0.3–0.5 μM), cinnarizine is not lessening vestibular vertigo by blocking calcium channels, but rather by inhibiting potassium (K) currents that are activated by heightened hydrostatic
710:
for the treatment of seasickness, concluded that scopolamine was reported as significantly more effective and as having fewer adverse side effects than cinnarizine. This led to the conclusion that transdermal scopolamine is likely a better option for the treatment of motion sickness in naval crew and
771:
Cinnarizine causes acute and chronic parkinsonism due to its affinity for D2 receptors, which strongly counter-suggests its actual usefulness for improving neurological health. Cinnarizine's antagonistic effects of D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum leads to symptoms of depression, tremor, muscle
701:
and the visual senses is abolished, so that the confusion of brain whether the individual is moving or standing is reduced. Vomiting in motion sickness could be a physiological compensatory mechanism of the brain to keep the individual from moving so that it can adjust to the signal perception, but
839:
Bioavailability of orally administered cinnarizine is typically low and variable due to high incidence of degradation. However, it has been found that when administered intravenously in lipid emulsion, better pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were achieved. The lipid emulsion administration
1241:
Pianese CP, Hidalgo LO, González RH, Madrid CE, Ponce JE, Ramírez AM, Morán LM, Arenas JE, Rubio AT, Uribe JO, Abiuso J, Hanuch E, Alegría J, Volpi C, Flaskamp R, Sanjuán AP, Gómez JM, Hernández J, Pedraza A, Quijano D, Martínez C, Castañeda JR, Guerra OJ, F GV (May 2002). "New approaches to the
725:
which can result in seizures, and is a high risk in closed-circuit oxygen diving. This is also relevant to divers who could potentially have to undergo hypobaric decompression therapy, which uses high oxygen pressure and could also be affected by any cinnarizine-induced CNS oxygen toxicity risk.
705:
When prescribed for balance problems and vertigo, cinnarizine is typically taken two or three times daily depending on the amount of each dose and when used to treat motion sickness, the pill is taken at least two hours before travelling and then again every four hours during travel. However, a
634:
substituent on the free nitrogen atom of the benzhydrylpiperazine core, combined with the generic ending "-rizine" for "antihistaminics/cerebral (or peripheral) vasodilators". It is not available in the United States or Canada. It has also been cited as one of the most used drugs for seasickness
775:
In addition to antagonizing D2 receptors, treatment with cinnarizine leads to reduced presynaptic dopamine and serotonin, as well as alterations in vesicular transport of dopamine. Chronic treatment with cinnarizine builds the drug concentrations high enough that they interfere with the proton
799:
Cinnarizine is most commonly taken orally, in tablet form, with frequency and amount of dosage varying depending on the reason for taking the medication. Once ingested, the substance is absorbed quite rapidly and reaches a peak plasma concentration in 1–3 hours post-administration.
816:, was 4437 ± 948 ng·h/mL. The half-life elimination varies from 3.4–60 hours, depending on age. However, the mean terminal half-life elimination for young volunteer subjects administered 75 mg cinnarizine, was found to be 23.6 ± 3.2 hours.
780:, which prevents the MgATP-dependent production of the electrochemical gradient crucial to the transport and storage of dopamine into vesicles, and thereby lowers the levels of dopamine in the basal ganglia neurons and leads to the Parkinson's symptoms.
749:), it was found that cinnarizine helped to improve the functional abnormalities of ischemia, but did not help with damage to the neurons. Flunarizine offered more neuronal protection, but was less effective in treating subsequent behavioral changes.
819:
A study that administered 75 mg doses of cinnarizine, twice a day for twelve days, to healthy volunteers, observed that cinnarizine did accumulate in the body, with a steady-state accumulation factor of 2.79 ± 0.23. However, the
1866:
Tosoni C, Lodi-Rizzini F, Cinquini M, Pasolini G, Venturini M, Sinico RA, Calzavara-Pinton P (March 2009). "A reassessment of diagnostic criteria and treatment of idiopathic urticarial vasculitis: a retrospective study of 47 patients".
1456:
Haasler T, Homann G, Duong Dinh TA, Jüngling E, Westhofen M, Lückhoff A (December 2009). "Pharmacological modulation of transmitter release by inhibition of pressure-dependent potassium currents in vestibular hair cells".
4608:
2139:
Kornhuber J, Henkel AW, Groemer TW, Städtler S, Welzel O, Tripal P, Rotter A, Bleich S, Trapp S (July 2010). "Lipophilic cationic drugs increase the permeability of lysosomal membranes in a cell culture system".
1956:
Serrano A, Menéndez J, Casarejos MJ, Solano RM, Gallego E, Sánchez M, et al. (August 2005). "Effects of cinnarizine, a calcium antagonist that produces human parkinsonism, in parkin knock out mice".
2371:
Pukhal'skaya TG, Kolosova OA, Men'shikov MY, Vein AM (July 2000). "Effects of calcium antagonists on serotonin-dependent aggregation and serotonin transport in platelets of patients with migraine".
1072:
Kariya S, Isozaki S, Masubuchi Y, Suzuki T, Narimatsu S (November 1995). "Possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors affecting parkinsonism inducement by cinnarizine and flunarizine".
1571:
Gil A, Nachum Z, Tal D, Shupak A (2012). "A comparison of cinnarizine and transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of seasickness in naval crew: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study".
6099:
4601:
3051:
2295:
Silver PJ, Dachiw J, Ambrose JM, Pinto PB (September 1985). "Effects of the calcium antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine on vascular and cardiac contractile protein function".
1617:
Arieli R, Shupak A, Shachal B, Shenedrey A, Ertracht O, Rashkovan G (1999). "Effect of the anti-motion-sickness medication cinnarizine on central nervous system oxygen toxicity".
4594:
92:
711:
other sea travelers. However, due to increased levels of drowsiness caused by the medication, it is generally of limited use in pilots and aircrew who must be dependably alert.
6094:
1118:
Terland O, Flatmark T (June 1999). "Drug-induced parkinsonism: cinnarizine and flunarizine are potent uncouplers of the vacuolar H+-ATPase in catecholamine storage vesicles".
6132:
1008:
Castañeda-Hernández G, Vargas-Alvarado Y, Aguirre F, Flores-Murrieta FJ (May 1993). "Pharmacokinetics of cinnarizine after single and multiple dosing in healthy volunteers".
856:
Cinnarizine is classified as a selective antagonist of T-type voltage-operated calcium ion channels, because its binding blocks the channels and keeps them inert. It has a K
2947:
1693:
Saletu B, Grünberger J (1980). "Antihypoxidotic and nootropic drugs: proof of their encephalotropic and pharmacodynamic properties by quantitative EEG investigations".
945:
After administration, cinnarizine is completely metabolized within the body and the metabolites are eliminated by one third in the urine and two thirds in solid waste.
5361:
1290:
Arab SF, Düwel P, Jüngling E, Westhofen M, Lückhoff A (June 2004). "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium currents in type II vestibular hair cells by cinnarizine".
1546:
733:
drug because of its vasorelaxating abilities (due to calcium channel blockade), which happen mostly in brain, and the fact that it is also used as a labyrinthine
62:
533:
3044:
5670:
741:; in such combination each drug potentiates the other in boosting brain oxygen supply. An animal study comparing the effectiveness of cinnarizine and
670:
In a clinical study (n=181), treatment with cinnarizine reduced the occurrence of moderate vertigo experience by 65.8% and extreme vertigo by 89.8%.
1787:
Teive HA, Troiano AR, Germiniani FM, Werneck LC (June 2004). "Flunarizine and cinnarizine-induced parkinsonism: a historical and clinical analysis".
697:
by limiting the activity of the vestibular hair cells which send signals about movement. The disparity of signal processing between inner ear motion
4570:
2268:
Klein M, Musacchio JM (October 1989). "High affinity dextromethorphan binding sites in guinea pig brain. Effect of sigma ligands and other agents".
6125:
5730:
2112:
Nowacka-Krukowska H, Rakowska M, Neubart K, Kobylińska M (2007). "High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for cinnarizine in human plasma".
519:
1827:"Functional, behavioral, and histological changes induced by transient global cerebral ischemia in rats: effects of cinnarizine and flunarizine"
1357:
Lucertini M, Mirante N, Casagrande M, Trivelloni P, Lugli V (May 2007). "The effect of cinnarizine and cocculus indicus on simulator sickness".
4575:
3037:
2940:
2448:
2233:
Shi S, Chen H, Lin X, Tang X (January 2010). "Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and safety of cinnarizine delivered in lipid emulsion".
2324:"Variable, voltage-dependent, blocking effects of nitrendipine, verapamil, diltiazem, cinnarizine and cadmium on adrenomedullary secretion"
4064:
3104:
6118:
5369:
5365:
4628:
978:
Kalava SB, Demirel M, Yazan Y (2005). "Physicochemical characterization and dissolution properties of cinnarizine solid dispersions".
764:
Side effects experienced while taking cinnarizine range from the mild to the quite severe. Possible side effects include drug-induced
673:
804:, the maximum level of the drug in the tested area (typically blood plasma), has been measured to be 275 ± 36 ng/mL; t
4617:
2933:
2793:
553:
1242:
management of peripheral vertigo: efficacy and safety of two calcium antagonists in a 12-week, multinational, double-blind study".
561:
InChI=1S/C26H28N2/c1-4-11-23(12-5-1)13-10-18-27-19-21-28(22-20-27)26(24-14-6-2-7-15-24)25-16-8-3-9-17-25/h1-17,26H,18-22H2/b13-10+
7386:
783:
Several cases of pediatric and adult cinnarizine overdose have been reported, with effects including a range of symptoms such as
7401:
6221:
5967:
836:
by simple diffusion. It is because of this property that it is able to exert its effects on cerebral blood flow in the brain.
226:
122:
7391:
6261:
5510:
5419:
4988:
5505:
4952:
7355:
6089:
4565:
332:
1550:
7381:
7046:
412:
1500:
Yates BJ, Miller AD, Lucot JB (November 1998). "Physiological basis and pharmacology of motion sickness: an update".
1168:
Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Turner C, Mills SL (June 2002). "Central effects of cinnarizine: restricted use in aircrew".
776:
electrochemical gradient necessary for packaging dopamine into vesicles. Cinnarizine, pKa = 7.4, acts as a
677:
The vestibular system's semicircular canal – a cross-section. This is the site of cinnarizine's anti-vertigo action.
5819:
5759:
3845:
2988:
1334:"The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2011"
656:
616:
6991:
6699:
5520:
5490:
4938:
2441:
6063:
5811:
3875:
3346:
600:
6961:
6621:
5380:
5287:
5142:
3136:
2841:
2553:
596:
80:
2421:
451:
7200:
7001:
6709:
6251:
5843:
5357:
5089:
4770:
3766:
2016:
2001:
898:
845:
719:
1333:
663:. It is one of only a few drugs that has a beneficial effect in the chronic treatment of the vertigo and
6606:
6048:
5997:
5933:
5710:
5655:
5375:
5105:
5084:
4930:
4481:
4458:
4275:
4257:
4026:
3929:
3071:
2183:
Emanuel MB (July 1979). "Specific calcium antagonists in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease".
1917:"Parkinsonism and other movement disorders in outpatients in chronic use of cinnarizine and flunarizine"
753:
707:
627:
401:
5796:
4860:
745:(a derivative of cinnarizine that is 2.5-15 times stronger for treatment of transient global cerebral
6429:
6043:
5963:
5715:
5560:
4875:
2749:
2664:
2589:
2434:
865:
861:
682:
176:
4855:
2021:
428:
7396:
6058:
5720:
5605:
5415:
5217:
3731:
3276:
3089:
2796:
2679:
869:
833:
801:
660:
247:
7220:
4790:
4203:
4198:
4138:
4098:
4007:
3987:
3706:
3626:
3606:
6774:
6729:
6341:
6291:
6265:
6144:
5983:
5908:
5791:
5786:
5700:
5545:
5500:
5322:
5202:
5197:
4973:
4948:
4910:
4850:
4765:
4642:
4620:
4233:
4168:
4113:
3997:
3741:
3681:
3661:
3651:
3566:
3536:
3341:
3271:
3261:
3063:
3060:
2396:
2208:
2165:
2091:
2042:
1982:
1892:
1753:
1596:
1525:
1482:
1382:
1315:
1267:
1143:
137:
7325:
7264:
7240:
6666:
5695:
5690:
5400:
5385:
4890:
4885:
4830:
4820:
4780:
4660:
4530:
4409:
4228:
4193:
4128:
4118:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3977:
3751:
3701:
3561:
3546:
3541:
3521:
2062:"'Cerebroactive' drugs. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role in cerebrovascular disorders"
7330:
7255:
7205:
6876:
6611:
6589:
6564:
6554:
6399:
5913:
5685:
5430:
5074:
4963:
4785:
4775:
4586:
4389:
4238:
4223:
4183:
4148:
4012:
3756:
3716:
3696:
3686:
3596:
6951:
6901:
6843:
6838:
6068:
5928:
5823:
5640:
5535:
5485:
5342:
5252:
5222:
5109:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4695:
4680:
4476:
4359:
3972:
3827:
2730:
2388:
2353:
2304:
2277:
2250:
2200:
2157:
2121:
2083:
2034:
1974:
1938:
1884:
1848:
1804:
1745:
1710:
1675:
1626:
1588:
1517:
1474:
1433:
1374:
1307:
1259:
1218:
1177:
1135:
1089:
1017:
381:
52:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
6931:
6744:
6514:
5590:
5157:
4815:
4795:
4354:
4349:
321:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7061:
7056:
6936:
6833:
6799:
6641:
6539:
6534:
6519:
6454:
6449:
6296:
6276:
6196:
6152:
5781:
5600:
5555:
5056:
4920:
4685:
3953:
3820:
3436:
3296:
3216:
3020:
2725:
2720:
2470:
2380:
2343:
2335:
2242:
2192:
2149:
2073:
2026:
1966:
1928:
1876:
1838:
1796:
1737:
1702:
1665:
1657:
1580:
1509:
1466:
1423:
1413:
1400:
Ganança MM, Caovilla HH, Munhoz MS, Ganança CF, da Silva ML, Serafini F, Ganança FF (2007).
1366:
1299:
1251:
1208:
1127:
1081:
698:
631:
468:
148:
7145:
6636:
828:, which was estimated from the single dose administration. As a very weakly basic and also
341:
7130:
7125:
7090:
6871:
6779:
6379:
6369:
5941:
5898:
5595:
5565:
5332:
5267:
5257:
5237:
5028:
4992:
4840:
4675:
3356:
3316:
3291:
3176:
2815:
2801:
2768:
2668:
813:
722:
648:
604:
166:
156:
256:
455:
432:
7230:
7225:
6671:
6439:
6389:
6271:
6141:
5937:
5540:
5480:
5242:
5020:
5016:
5004:
4710:
4404:
3933:
3823:
3646:
3586:
3501:
3336:
3281:
3251:
3211:
3201:
3196:
2993:
2894:
2763:
2710:
2695:
2604:
2348:
2339:
2323:
1670:
1661:
1645:
1428:
1401:
918:
72:
1513:
1418:
1131:
752:
Cinnarizine has also been found to be a valuable second-line treatment for idiopathic
7375:
7115:
6891:
6661:
6414:
6374:
6053:
5893:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5815:
5475:
5470:
5337:
5272:
4755:
4670:
3919:
3915:
3879:
3839:
3782:
3778:
3641:
3591:
3481:
3466:
3391:
3386:
3191:
2973:
2899:
2858:
2740:
2078:
2061:
1970:
1880:
1800:
1706:
1255:
1085:
824:
for this amount of time (T=12 days) was not significantly different from the AUC
592:
444:
2212:
2169:
2095:
2046:
2000:
Turner D, Lurie Y, Finkelstein Y, Schmid T, Gopher A, Kleid D, Bentur Y (May 2006).
1986:
1933:
1916:
1896:
1757:
1600:
1529:
1386:
1319:
1271:
1147:
281:
7305:
7290:
7270:
7245:
6681:
6574:
6424:
6316:
6311:
6231:
6206:
5957:
5953:
5887:
5883:
5835:
5827:
5645:
5610:
5525:
5425:
5410:
5347:
5277:
5227:
5132:
5097:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5048:
4865:
4825:
4800:
4535:
4439:
4379:
4300:
4173:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3923:
3887:
3883:
3869:
3798:
3770:
3636:
3621:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3461:
3456:
3426:
3406:
3396:
3361:
3311:
3241:
3161:
2961:
2783:
2715:
2634:
2549:
2461:
2400:
1486:
872:
effects, binding to H1 histamine receptors, and dopaminergic (D2) receptors. The IC
777:
765:
715:
694:
620:
608:
105:
100:
2246:
1370:
1584:
7340:
7320:
7310:
7275:
7135:
7066:
7031:
7026:
7016:
6848:
6784:
6739:
6734:
6569:
6529:
6444:
6434:
6409:
6326:
6281:
6246:
6073:
6038:
6018:
5945:
5923:
5918:
5903:
5863:
5839:
5806:
5775:
5767:
5749:
5725:
5675:
5660:
5650:
5620:
5615:
5580:
5465:
5460:
5435:
5405:
5390:
5247:
5207:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5147:
5127:
5052:
5040:
5024:
4978:
4880:
4845:
4835:
4705:
4520:
4491:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4399:
4364:
4305:
4280:
4243:
4153:
4074:
4069:
3961:
3911:
3891:
3865:
3857:
3810:
3806:
3790:
3746:
3711:
3691:
3671:
3666:
3551:
3516:
3476:
3441:
3431:
3416:
3381:
3371:
3351:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3286:
3236:
3231:
3166:
3141:
3109:
3094:
3029:
2998:
2978:
2925:
2889:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2773:
2705:
2700:
2645:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2574:
2544:
2534:
2519:
2499:
932:
908:
742:
2196:
647:
Cinnarizine is predominantly used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with
7335:
7280:
7215:
7210:
7110:
7041:
7021:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6946:
6896:
6853:
6818:
6769:
6764:
6724:
6691:
6686:
6676:
6656:
6651:
6584:
6559:
6384:
6331:
6321:
6286:
6255:
6241:
6216:
6211:
6191:
6186:
6033:
6013:
5978:
5871:
5859:
5847:
5754:
5743:
5739:
5680:
5575:
5570:
5550:
5455:
5327:
5282:
5262:
5212:
5167:
5117:
5113:
5101:
5032:
5012:
5000:
4958:
4915:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4870:
4805:
4745:
4690:
4665:
4650:
4540:
4429:
4394:
4374:
4369:
4313:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4188:
4178:
4158:
4143:
4133:
4123:
4108:
4103:
3903:
3831:
3802:
3794:
3721:
3656:
3616:
3611:
3576:
3571:
3531:
3526:
3451:
3376:
3301:
3266:
3256:
3226:
3206:
3186:
3146:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2654:
2614:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2539:
2524:
2514:
2494:
2457:
1741:
1470:
1303:
1213:
1197:"Cinnarizine for prevention of nausea and vomiting during platin chemotherapy"
1196:
829:
784:
636:
495:
312:
1644:
Emanuel MB, Chamberlain JA, Whiting S, Rigden BG, Craven AH (February 1979).
7315:
7300:
7285:
7260:
7190:
7105:
7085:
7036:
6971:
6966:
6881:
6749:
6646:
6626:
6599:
6579:
6504:
6404:
6394:
6364:
6306:
6301:
6181:
6176:
6110:
5851:
5831:
5801:
5771:
5763:
5665:
5625:
5585:
5530:
5450:
5395:
5352:
5297:
5172:
5162:
5137:
5093:
5044:
5036:
4996:
4983:
4810:
4760:
4715:
4700:
4525:
4486:
4434:
4384:
4285:
4163:
4059:
4044:
3907:
3895:
3861:
3849:
3835:
3786:
3774:
3736:
3726:
3676:
3631:
3581:
3556:
3471:
3446:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3366:
3306:
3246:
3181:
3171:
3151:
3099:
3003:
2909:
2904:
2778:
2758:
2599:
2529:
2509:
2504:
2489:
2484:
1770:
RomPharm. Pyracin (piractam 400 mg and cinnarizine 25 mg). 2008 .
954:
877:
808:, the time to maximum concentration, was 3.0 ± 0.5 hours. AUC
788:
738:
730:
686:
189:
66:
31:
2392:
2254:
2161:
2125:
2038:
2030:
1978:
1942:
1888:
1808:
1630:
1592:
1521:
1478:
1437:
1378:
1311:
1263:
1181:
1139:
2416:
2357:
2308:
2281:
2087:
1852:
1843:
1826:
1749:
1714:
1222:
1093:
1021:
7295:
7250:
7140:
7100:
7095:
7011:
6858:
6719:
6351:
6346:
6336:
6027:
5973:
5949:
5705:
5635:
5495:
5232:
5152:
5121:
5079:
4968:
4545:
4504:
4444:
4339:
4334:
4318:
4054:
4049:
3945:
3853:
3814:
3601:
3156:
2914:
2810:
2659:
2204:
1679:
746:
734:
690:
664:
292:
1402:"Optimizing the pharmacological component of integrated balance therapy"
729:
Beyond an anti-vertigo treatment, cinnarizine could be also viewed as a
301:
39:
17:
6941:
6921:
6916:
6823:
6759:
6524:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6419:
6236:
6201:
6023:
6003:
5855:
5630:
5515:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
4750:
4344:
4295:
4082:
3899:
3117:
2957:
2640:
2384:
832:
compound with low aqueous solubility, cinnarizine is able to cross the
652:
612:
267:
2153:
706:
recent 2012 study comparing the effects of cinnarizine to transdermal
6926:
6911:
6828:
6789:
6754:
6631:
6549:
6544:
6509:
6469:
6171:
5292:
4943:
4499:
4290:
2322:
López MG, Moro MA, Castillo CF, Artalejo CR, García AG (March 1989).
392:
2426:
860:(inhibitory constant) value of 22 nM. It is also known to have
3014:
702:
the true evolutionary reason for this malady is currently unknown.
361:
6886:
6813:
6464:
6166:
5445:
5440:
4655:
1728:
Towse G (September 1980). "Cinnarizine--a labyrinthine sedative".
1048:
Deka, C.V.R. (2006). "Role of
Cinnarizine in Peripheral Vertigo".
672:
518:
509:
372:
6863:
6356:
352:
131:
6114:
5731:
4590:
3033:
3018:
2929:
2430:
1825:
Poignet H, Beaughard M, Lecoin G, Massingham R (October 1989).
681:
It acts by interfering with the signal transmission between
417:
1195:
Wilder-Smith CH, Schimke J, Osterwalder B, Senn HJ (1991).
619:. Cinnarizine is one of the leading causes of drug-induced
4629:
2297:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
2270:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
6222:
603:
group. It is prescribed for nausea and vomiting due to
578:
5521:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
238:)-1-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-(3-phenylprop-2-enyl)piperazine
6864:
6357:
630:
in 1955. The nonproprietary name is derived from the
27:
Antihistamine and calcium channel blocker medication
7075:
7047:
6798:
6151:
5996:
4929:
4641:
4627:
4513:
4469:
4457:
4327:
4268:
4256:
4091:
4037:
4025:
3126:
3082:
3070:
2882:
2840:
2792:
2739:
2678:
2633:
2588:
2469:
2002:"Pediatric cinnarizine overdose and toxicokinetics"
1915:Fabiani G, Pastro PC, Froehner C (September 2004).
507:
494:
467:
462:
443:
411:
391:
371:
351:
331:
311:
291:
266:
246:
217:
188:
175:
165:
155:
147:
121:
116:
91:
79:
61:
51:
46:
6992:
6700:
5711:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
1646:"Cinnarizine in the treatment of chronic asthma"
280:
5736:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
255:
7002:
6710:
1459:Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
1292:Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
626:Cinnarizine was first synthesized as R1575 by
6126:
6100:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
4602:
3045:
2941:
2442:
2373:Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
1831:Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
541:c1c(cccc1)C(c2ccccc2)N3CCN(CC3)C\C=C\c4ccccc4
8:
429:DTXSID80859311 DTXSID3022821, DTXSID80859311
30:
6095:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
1170:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
6133:
6119:
6111:
5671:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
4638:
4634:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
4609:
4595:
4587:
4466:
4265:
4034:
3079:
3052:
3038:
3030:
3015:
2948:
2934:
2926:
2449:
2435:
2427:
2107:
2105:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1820:
1818:
1451:
1449:
1447:
454:
431:
320:
2347:
2077:
2020:
1932:
1842:
1669:
1612:
1610:
1427:
1417:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1212:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
980:Turish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
714:Additionally, cinnarizine can be used in
340:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1650:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
1406:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
1067:
1065:
1063:
973:
971:
969:
883:
6262:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)
6227:Tooltip Calcitonin gene-related peptide
965:
558:
538:
427:
300:
231:
2235:International Journal of Pharmaceutics
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
1730:The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
1541:
1539:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
445:
29:
1869:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
400:
380:
71:
7:
1789:Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
1695:Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology
667:associated with Ménière's disease.
104:
7052:Tooltip 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
2060:Spagnoli A, Tognoni G (July 1983).
360:
271:
3317:Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)
2340:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11874.x
1662:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00920.x
1619:Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine
25:
7226:Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
6997:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine
6705:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine
5333:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
5005:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
4989:Antihistamines (first-generation)
4766:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
4618:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
2415:
2079:10.2165/00003495-198326010-00003
1971:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.03.003
1881:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02891.x
1801:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2003.12.004
1256:10.1097/00129492-200205000-00023
812:, which can be used to estimate
485:
479:
38:
6054:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
5872:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
4571:Monoamine metabolism modulators
2328:British Journal of Pharmacology
1934:10.1590/S0004-282X2004000500008
566:Key:DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N
7007:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine
6715:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine
6415:Pentoxyverine (carbetapentane)
5511:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
2142:Journal of Cellular Physiology
895:Calcium ion channel antagonist
473:
1:
7356:Receptor/signaling modulators
6252:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
6090:Receptor/signaling modulators
5506:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
4576:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
4566:Receptor/signaling modulators
2247:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.025
1921:Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
1514:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00092-6
1419:10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31116-2
1371:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.008
1132:10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00233-0
878:type II vestibular hair cells
718:without an increased risk of
5946:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
1707:10.1016/0364-7722(80)90017-x
1585:10.1097/WNF.0b013e31823dc125
1086:10.1016/0006-2952(95)02057-8
57:Stugeron, Stunarone, Cinarin
6440:Racemethorphan (methorphan)
5760:Tetracyclic antidepressants
5651:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
5273:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
4199:Quisultazine (quisultidine)
3846:Tetracyclic antidepressants
2114:Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica
7418:
5909:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
5133:Benzatropine (benztropine)
3162:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2989:Cinnarizine/dimenhydrinate
2197:10.1177/000331977903000704
1573:Clinical Neuropharmacology
463:Chemical and physical data
7349:
6082:
5812:Tricyclic antidepressants
5362:+beclometasone/formoterol
4939:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4558:
3876:Tricyclic antidepressants
3732:Sequifenadine (bicarphen)
3027:
2969:
1742:10.1017/s0022215100089787
1471:10.1007/s00210-009-0463-3
1359:Physiology & Behavior
1304:10.1007/s00210-004-0936-3
1244:Otology & Neurotology
1214:10.3109/02841869109092448
607:or other sources such as
574:
549:
529:
222:
37:
6317:Fabomotizole (afobazole)
6292:Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
6064:Phosphatidylethanolamine
3514:Second/third-generation:
3347:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
2590:5-HT serotonin G-protein
1074:Biochemical Pharmacology
601:diphenylmethylpiperazine
73:International Drug Names
7387:H1 receptor antagonists
7281:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
6962:3-Methoxydextrallorphan
6622:3-Methoxydextrallorphan
6445:Racemorphan (morphanol)
5288:Diphemanil metilsulfate
5143:Benzilylcholine mustard
5090:Atypical antipsychotics
4154:Lavoltidine (loxtidine)
3767:Atypical antipsychotics
3712:Quifenadine (phencarol)
3377:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3137:4-Methyldiphenhydramine
1502:Brain Research Bulletin
899:T-type calcium channels
597:calcium channel blocker
7402:Sigma receptor ligands
7336:Tiospirone (BMY-13859)
7276:Gevotroline (WY-47384)
7201:18-Methoxycoronaridine
7188:Allosteric modulators:
6947:Panamesine (EMD-57455)
6897:Siramesine (Lu 28-179)
6834:Ditolylguanidine (DTG)
6597:Allosteric modulators:
6560:Panamesine (EMD-57455)
6505:BMY-14802 (BMS-181100)
6297:Ditolylguanidine (DTG)
6277:Dextromethorphan (DXM)
5934:Typical antipsychotics
5706:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
5381:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
5358:Glycopyrronium bromide
3930:Typical antipsychotics
2031:10.1542/peds.2005-2059
1010:Arzneimittel-Forschung
846:central nervous system
720:central nervous system
678:
7392:Janssen Pharmaceutica
6607:Methylphenylpiracetam
6182:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
6049:Glycerophosphocholine
5852:dosulepin (dothiepin)
5656:Propantheline bromide
5531:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
5085:Atropine methonitrate
3896:dosulepin (dothiepin)
2424:at Wikimedia Commons
1844:10.1038/jcbfm.1989.92
1549:. NHS. Archived from
887:Action of cinnarizine
754:urticarial vasculitis
676:
628:Janssen Pharmaceutica
6430:Pregnenolone sulfate
6242:Cutamesine (SA-4503)
6044:Dimethylethanolamine
5964:Umeclidinium bromide
5844:desmethyldesipramine
5561:Oxyphenonium bromide
4771:Ethoxysebacylcholine
2665:Tetrahydrocannabinol
2592:receptor antagonists
683:vestibular apparatus
6580:Rimcazole (BW-234U)
6059:Phosphatidylcholine
5721:Sofpironium bromide
5606:Pipenzolate bromide
5416:Ipratropium bromide
5218:Cimetropium bromide
3277:Dexchlorpheniramine
3090:2-Pyridylethylamine
2477:channel antagonists
834:blood brain barrier
635:within the British
34:
7382:Belgian inventions
6337:Igmesine (JO-1784)
6266:prasterone sulfate
5792:Tiotropium bromide
5787:Timepidium bromide
5546:Oxitropium bromide
5501:Muscarinic toxin 7
5376:Hexahydrodifenidol
5323:Emepronium bromide
4974:Ambutonium bromide
4949:Aclidinium bromide
3342:Homochlorcyclizine
3272:Dexbrompheniramine
3061:Histamine receptor
2385:10.1007/BF02682090
866:antiserotoninergic
787:, coma, vomiting,
679:
138:Pharmacy medicines
7369:
7368:
7363:
7362:
7198:Unknown/unsorted:
6959:Unknown/unsorted:
6694:
6619:Unknown/unsorted:
6282:Dextrorphan (DXO)
6108:
6107:
6069:Phosphorylcholine
6007:
5992:
5991:
5929:Trospium chloride
5824:amitriptylinoxide
5797:Tiquizium bromide
5641:Prifinium bromide
5536:Otilonium bromide
5491:Methylscopolamine
5486:Methylhomatropine
5343:Fentonium bromide
5223:Clidinium bromide
4584:
4583:
4554:
4553:
4482:α-Methylhistamine
4477:4-Methylhistamine
4453:
4452:
4276:α-Methylhistamine
4252:
4251:
4021:
4020:
3970:Unknown/unsorted:
3828:hydroxynefazodone
3134:First-generation:
3012:
3011:
2923:
2922:
2731:Trimethobenzamide
2420:Media related to
2154:10.1002/jcp.22112
1959:Neuropharmacology
1120:Neuropharmacology
1050:Vertigo Viewpoint
938:
937:
890:Target of action
657:Ménière's disease
617:Ménière's disease
586:
585:
520:Interactive image
413:CompTox Dashboard
135:
16:(Redirected from
7409:
7053:
7049:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6994:
6867:(midomafetamine)
6866:
6716:
6712:
6706:
6702:
6692:
6360:(midomafetamine)
6359:
6228:
6224:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6112:
6001:
5782:Tiemonium iodide
5737:
5733:
5601:Phenyltoloxamine
5556:Oxyphencyclimine
5057:phenyltoloxamine
4861:Suberyldicholine
4639:
4635:
4631:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4588:
4494:
4467:
4308:
4266:
4077:
4035:
3954:prochlorperazine
3821:Phenylpiperazine
3437:Phenyltoloxamine
3297:Diphenylpyraline
3217:Chlorphenoxamine
3112:
3080:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3031:
3021:Pharmacodynamics
3016:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2927:
2802:anticholinergics
2726:Thiethylperazine
2721:Prochlorperazine
2451:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2405:
2404:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2230:
2217:
2216:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2081:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2024:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1784:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1069:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1026:
1025:
1005:
988:
987:
975:
929:Antidopaminergic
915:Antiserotonergic
884:
870:antidopaminergic
852:Pharmacodynamics
795:Pharmacokinetics
661:Cogan's syndrome
582:
581:
522:
502:
487:
481:
475:
458:
447:
436:
435:
421:
419:
404:
384:
364:
344:
324:
304:
284:
274:
273:
259:
212:
211:
207:
202:
201:
197:
180:
133:
130:
108:
75:
42:
35:
33:
21:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7345:
7265:St. John's wort
7091:Ethylketazocine
7071:
7051:
7006:
6996:
6872:Methamphetamine
6803:
6794:
6780:Trifluoperazine
6714:
6704:
6380:Methylphenidate
6370:Methamphetamine
6226:
6156:
6147:
6139:
6109:
6104:
6078:
6000:
5988:
5942:chlorprothixene
5899:Trihexyphenidyl
5735:
5716:Silahexacyclium
5596:Phenglutarimide
5258:Desfesoterodine
5238:Cyclobenzaprine
5029:diphenhydramine
4993:brompheniramine
4925:
4876:Thiopilocarpine
4633:
4623:
4615:
4585:
4580:
4550:
4509:
4492:
4462:
4449:
4323:
4306:
4261:
4248:
4087:
4075:
4030:
4017:
3824:antidepressants
3357:Isopromethazine
3292:Diphenhydramine
3177:Brompheniramine
3122:
3110:
3075:
3066:
3058:
3023:
3013:
3008:
2965:
2956:Drugs used for
2954:
2924:
2919:
2878:
2845:
2836:
2816:Diphenhydramine
2799:
2788:
2769:Diphenhydramine
2747:
2744:
2735:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2591:
2584:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2455:
2413:
2408:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2241:(1–2): 264–70.
2232:
2231:
2220:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2022:10.1.1.566.5819
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1701:(4–5): 469–89.
1692:
1691:
1687:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1201:Acta Oncologica
1194:
1193:
1189:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1117:
1116:
1101:
1080:(10): 1645–50.
1071:
1070:
1061:
1047:
1046:
1029:
1007:
1006:
991:
977:
976:
967:
963:
951:
943:
922:
875:
859:
854:
843:
827:
823:
814:bioavailability
811:
807:
797:
762:
723:oxygen toxicity
649:motion sickness
645:
605:motion sickness
577:
575:
570:
567:
562:
557:
556:
545:
542:
537:
536:
525:
500:
490:
484:
478:
439:
415:
407:
387:
367:
347:
327:
307:
287:
270:
262:
242:
239:
230:
229:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
178:
157:Bioavailability
149:Pharmacokinetic
143:
112:
82:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7415:
7413:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7374:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7231:Chlorpromazine
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7194:
7193:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
6999:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6707:
6697:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6672:Chlorpromazine
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6525:E-52862 (S1RA)
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6390:Neuropeptide Y
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6272:Dextrallorphan
6269:
6259:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6148:
6142:Sigma receptor
6140:
6138:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6115:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6016:
6010:
6008:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5938:chlorpromazine
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5541:Oxapium iodide
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5481:Methylatropine
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5243:Cyclopentolate
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5021:dimenhydrinate
5017:cyproheptadine
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Sebacylcholine
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4711:Butyrylcholine
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4636:
4625:
4624:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:Iodophenpropit
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3934:chlorpromazine
3927:
3873:
3843:
3818:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Levocetirizine
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Clobenztropine
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3502:Tripelennamine
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Histapyrrodine
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3282:Dimenhydrinate
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Cyproheptadine
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Chlorphenamine
3209:
3204:
3202:Chloropyramine
3199:
3197:Chlorcyclizine
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Dimenhydrinate
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Cerium oxalate
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Dimenhydrinate
2761:
2755:
2753:
2750:antihistamines
2742:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:Metoclopramide
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Chlorpromazine
2692:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:Cyproheptadine
2602:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2412:
2411:External links
2409:
2407:
2406:
2363:
2314:
2287:
2260:
2218:
2175:
2131:
2101:
2052:
2015:(5): e1067–9.
1992:
1965:(2): 208–219.
1948:
1902:
1858:
1814:
1772:
1763:
1736:(9): 1009–15.
1720:
1685:
1636:
1606:
1563:
1535:
1508:(5): 395–406.
1492:
1443:
1392:
1349:
1325:
1277:
1228:
1187:
1153:
1099:
1059:
1027:
989:
982:(in Turkish).
964:
962:
959:
958:
957:
950:
947:
942:
939:
936:
935:
930:
926:
925:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:Antihistaminic
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
888:
873:
862:antihistaminic
857:
853:
850:
841:
825:
821:
809:
805:
796:
793:
761:
758:
693:centre of the
644:
641:
584:
583:
572:
571:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
552:
551:
550:
547:
546:
544:
543:
540:
532:
531:
530:
527:
526:
524:
523:
515:
513:
505:
504:
498:
492:
491:
488:
482:
476:
471:
465:
464:
460:
459:
449:
441:
440:
438:
437:
424:
422:
409:
408:
406:
405:
397:
395:
389:
388:
386:
385:
377:
375:
369:
368:
366:
365:
357:
355:
349:
348:
346:
345:
337:
335:
329:
328:
326:
325:
317:
315:
309:
308:
306:
305:
297:
295:
289:
288:
286:
285:
277:
275:
264:
263:
261:
260:
252:
250:
244:
243:
241:
240:
233:
225:
224:
223:
220:
219:
215:
214:
192:
186:
185:
184:3–4 hours
182:
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
159:
153:
152:
145:
144:
142:
141:
127:
125:
119:
118:
114:
113:
111:
110:
97:
95:
89:
88:
85:
83:administration
77:
76:
69:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7414:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7358:
7357:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7116:Tenocyclidine
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6892:Phencyclidine
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6797:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6662:Amitriptyline
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:Methoxetamine
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Tridihexethyl
5892:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5880:protriptyline
5877:
5876:nortriptyline
5873:
5869:
5868:nitroxazepine
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5820:+perphenazine
5817:
5816:amitriptyline
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5734:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5476:Methoctramine
5474:
5472:
5471:Methantheline
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Mamba toxin 7
5444:
5442:
5441:Mamba toxin 3
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Fenpiverinium
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:cis-Dioxolane
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Acetylcholine
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4456:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4255:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4024:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3920:protriptyline
3917:
3916:nortriptyline
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:amitriptyline
3877:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:triazoledione
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:brilaroxazine
3780:
3779:brexpiprazole
3776:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Levocabastine
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Desloratadine
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:Thenyldiamine
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Pyrrobutamine
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Methapyrilene
3390:
3388:
3387:Methafurylene
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Carbinoxamine
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Acetylleucine
2972:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Dexamethasone
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Fosaprepitant
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2475:serotonin ion
2468:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:(3): 725–31.
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2303:(3): 629–35.
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2276:(1): 207–15.
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:(7): 454–69.
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:(1): 152–64.
2147:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2120:(5): 407–11.
2119:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1927:(3B): 784–8.
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:(2): 166–70.
1874:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1837:(5): 646–54.
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:(2): 189–95.
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1553:on 2012-05-07
1552:
1548:
1547:"Stugeron 15"
1542:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:(1): 180–90.
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:(3): 357–63.
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:(6): 879–82.
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1016:(5): 539–42.
1015:
1011:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
990:
985:
981:
974:
972:
970:
966:
960:
956:
953:
952:
948:
946:
940:
934:
931:
928:
927:
924:
917:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
871:
867:
863:
851:
849:
847:
837:
835:
831:
817:
815:
803:
794:
792:
790:
786:
781:
779:
773:
769:
767:
759:
757:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
721:
717:
712:
709:
703:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
675:
671:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
640:
638:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:antihistamine
590:
580:
573:
564:
559:
555:
548:
539:
535:
528:
521:
517:
516:
514:
511:
506:
499:
497:
493:
472:
470:
466:
461:
457:
453:
450:
448:
446:ECHA InfoCard
442:
434:
430:
426:
425:
423:
414:
410:
403:
399:
398:
396:
394:
390:
383:
379:
378:
376:
374:
370:
363:
359:
358:
356:
354:
350:
343:
339:
338:
336:
334:
330:
323:
319:
318:
316:
314:
310:
303:
299:
298:
296:
294:
290:
283:
279:
278:
276:
269:
265:
258:
254:
253:
251:
249:
245:
237:
232:
228:
221:
216:
193:
191:
187:
183:
181:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
139:
129:
128:
126:
124:
120:
115:
107:
102:
99:
98:
96:
94:
90:
86:
84:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
19:
7352:
7351:
7306:Promethazine
7291:Perphenazine
7271:Fluphenazine
7246:Clocapramine
7235:
7221:Carvotroline
7197:
7187:
7123:Antagonists:
7122:
7082:
6958:
6909:Antagonists:
6908:
6810:
6682:Clomipramine
6618:
6603:
6596:
6575:Progesterone
6462:Antagonists:
6461:
6425:Pregnenolone
6312:Escitalopram
6232:Cloperastine
6207:Blarcamesine
6163:
5958:thioridazine
5954:mesoridazine
5888:trimipramine
5884:quinupramine
5836:clomipramine
5828:butriptyline
5646:Procyclidine
5611:Piperidolate
5526:Orphenadrine
5426:Isopropamide
5411:Imidafenacin
5370:+neostigmine
5366:+indacaterol
5348:Fesoterodine
5278:Dihexyverine
5228:Cloperastine
5098:fluperlapine
5069:triprolidine
5065:propiomazine
5061:promethazine
5049:phenindamine
5008:
4866:Talsaclidine
4826:Oxotremorine
4801:Methacholine
4791:LY-2,033,298
4536:Thioperamide
4440:Thioperamide
4380:Clobenpropit
4301:Immethridine
4204:Ramixotidine
4174:Niperotidine
4139:Isolamtidine
4099:Bisfentidine
4008:Trelnarizine
3988:Flotrenizine
3969:
3958:thioridazine
3950:perphenazine
3942:fluphenazine
3938:flupenthixol
3924:trimipramine
3888:clomipramine
3884:butriptyline
3870:oxaprotiline
3799:paliperidone
3771:aripiprazole
3763:
3707:Piclopastine
3637:Latrepirdine
3627:Flezelastine
3622:Fexofenadine
3607:Efletirizine
3513:
3507:Triprolidine
3497:Tolpropamine
3492:Thonzylamine
3487:Thiazinamium
3462:Propiomazine
3457:Promethazine
3427:Phenindamine
3407:Orphenadrine
3397:Methdilazine
3362:Isothipendyl
3312:Etodroxizine
3242:Cloperastine
3221:
3133:
2983:
2784:Promethazine
2716:Metopimazine
2646:cannabinoids
2550:Palonosetron
2414:
2379:(7): 633–5.
2376:
2372:
2366:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2238:
2234:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2117:
2113:
2072:(1): 44–69.
2069:
2065:
2055:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1924:
1920:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1834:
1830:
1795:(4): 243–5.
1792:
1788:
1766:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1625:(2): 105–9.
1622:
1618:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:the original
1505:
1501:
1495:
1465:(6): 531–8.
1462:
1458:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1328:
1298:(6): 570–5.
1295:
1291:
1247:
1243:
1207:(6): 731–4.
1204:
1200:
1190:
1176:(6): 570–4.
1173:
1169:
1123:
1119:
1077:
1073:
1053:
1049:
1013:
1009:
983:
979:
944:
933:D2 receptors
909:H1 receptors
855:
838:
818:
798:
782:
778:protonophore
774:
770:
766:parkinsonism
763:
760:Side effects
751:
728:
716:scuba divers
713:
704:
695:hypothalamus
680:
669:
646:
643:Medical uses
625:
621:parkinsonism
609:chemotherapy
588:
587:
576:
235:
177:Elimination
123:Legal status
117:Legal status
7341:Venlafaxine
7321:Remoxipride
7311:Propranolol
7236:Cinnarizine
7136:Lamotrigine
7032:Pentazocine
7027:Noribogaine
7017:Nemonapride
6849:Haloperidol
6775:Spipethiane
6740:Noribogaine
6735:Nemonapride
6730:KCR-12-83.1
6570:Pentazocine
6530:Haloperidol
6435:Pridopidine
6410:Pentazocine
6327:Fluvoxamine
6247:Cyclazocine
6074:Pirisudanol
6039:Cyprodenate
6019:Adafenoxate
5984:Zamifenacin
5968:+vilanterol
5924:Tropicamide
5919:Tropatepine
5904:Trimebutine
5864:lofepramine
5840:desipramine
5807:Tolterodine
5776:mirtazapine
5768:maprotiline
5750:Telenzepine
5726:Solifenacin
5701:SCH-217,443
5676:Revefenacin
5661:Propiverine
5621:Piroheptine
5616:Pirenzepine
5581:Penthienate
5466:Mepenzolate
5461:Meladrazine
5436:Hyoscyamine
5420:+salbutamol
5406:Homatropine
5391:Hexocyclium
5248:Darifenacin
5208:CAR-302,668
5203:CAR-302,537
5198:CAR-302,368
5193:CAR-302,282
5188:CAR-302,196
5183:CAR-301,060
5178:CAR-226,086
5148:Benzydamine
5128:Benactyzine
5106:+fluoxetine
5053:pheniramine
5041:mequitazine
5025:dimetindene
5009:cinnarizine
4979:Anisodamine
4953:+formoterol
4931:Antagonists
4911:WAY-132,983
4881:Vedaclidine
4851:SDZ 210-086
4846:Sabcomeline
4836:Pilocarpine
4706:Bethanechol
4521:JNJ-7777120
4514:Antagonists
4425:PF-03654746
4420:NNC 38-1049
4415:JNJ-5207852
4400:Impentamine
4365:Betahistine
4328:Antagonists
4281:Cipralisant
4244:Zolantidine
4234:Venritidine
4169:Mifentidine
4114:Dalcotidine
4092:Antagonists
4070:Impromidine
3998:Napactadine
3962:thiothixene
3912:lofepramine
3892:desipramine
3866:mirtazapine
3858:maprotiline
3811:ziprasidone
3807:risperidone
3791:iloperidone
3747:Terfenadine
3742:Temelastine
3692:Olopatadine
3682:Noberastine
3672:Mizolastine
3667:Mebhydrolin
3662:Mapinastine
3652:Linetastine
3567:Carebastine
3552:Bepotastine
3537:Bamirastine
3517:Acrivastine
3477:Thenalidine
3442:Pimethixene
3432:Pheniramine
3417:Oxomemazine
3382:Mequitazine
3372:Medrylamine
3352:Hydroxyzine
3332:Flunarizine
3327:Fenethazine
3322:Etymemazine
3287:Dimetindene
3262:Decloxizine
3237:Clocinizine
3232:Clobenzepam
3222:Cinnarizine
3167:Bepotastine
3142:Alimemazine
3127:Antagonists
3095:Betahistine
2999:Flunarizine
2984:Cinnarizine
2979:Betahistine
2890:Amisulpride
2846:antagonists
2832:Scopolamine
2827:Hyoscyamine
2823:(very mild)
2821:Hydroxyzine
2797:antagonists
2774:Hydroxyzine
2745:antagonists
2706:Hydroxyzine
2701:Haloperidol
2688:antagonists
2625:Ziprasidone
2620:Risperidone
2610:Hydroxyzine
2575:Tropisetron
2554:+netupitant
2545:Ondansetron
2535:Mirtazapine
2520:Granisetron
2500:Cilansetron
2458:Antiemetics
2422:Cinnarizine
1579:(1): 37–9.
1412:(1): 12–8.
986:(2): 51–62.
941:Elimination
743:flunarizine
708:scopolamine
589:Cinnarizine
503: g·mol
452:100.005.514
402:ChEMBL43064
382:CHEBI:31403
218:Identifiers
53:Trade names
32:Cinnarizine
7397:Cyclizines
7376:Categories
7326:SL 82.0715
7241:Cinuperone
7216:Caramiphen
7211:Butaclamol
7111:Tapentadol
7042:Safinamide
7022:Nepinalone
6987:Clemastine
6982:5-MeO-DiPT
6977:5-MeO-DALT
6854:Ifenprodil
6819:Arketamine
6770:Selegiline
6765:Safinamide
6725:Imipramine
6687:Clorgiline
6677:Clemastine
6667:Azidopamil
6657:5-MeO-DiPT
6652:5-MeO-DALT
6585:Sertraline
6385:Nepinalone
6332:Ifenprodil
6322:Fluoxetine
6287:Dimemorfan
6256:prasterone
6217:Citalopram
6212:Captodiame
6192:Arketamine
6187:Amantadine
6145:modulators
6034:Citicoline
6014:Acetyl-coA
5998:Precursors
5979:Xanomeline
5860:imipramine
5848:dibenzepin
5755:Terodiline
5744:paroxetine
5740:femoxetine
5696:SCH-72,788
5691:SCH-57,790
5681:Rociverine
5576:PD-0298029
5571:PD-102,807
5551:Oxybutynin
5456:Mebeverine
5401:HL-031,120
5386:Hexbutinol
5328:Etanautine
5283:Difemerine
5263:Dexetimide
5213:Caramiphen
5168:Bornaprine
5118:tenilapine
5114:quetiapine
5102:olanzapine
5033:doxylamine
5013:clemastine
5001:captodiame
4959:Abediterol
4916:Xanomeline
4906:VU-0238429
4901:VU-0152100
4896:VU-0152099
4891:VU-0090157
4886:VU-0029767
4871:Tazomeline
4831:PD-151,832
4821:Ocvimeline
4806:Milameline
4781:LY-593,039
4746:Cevimeline
4691:Alvameline
4666:Aceclidine
4661:AC-260,584
4651:77-LH-28-1
4621:modulators
4541:Toreforant
4531:Seliforant
4495:-Histidine
4430:Pitolisant
4410:Irdabisant
4395:GSK-189254
4375:Ciproxifan
4370:Burimamide
4314:Methimepip
4309:-Histidine
4229:Tuvatidine
4219:Sufotidine
4214:Roxatidine
4209:Ranitidine
4194:Pibutidine
4189:Oxmetidine
4179:Nizatidine
4159:Lupitidine
4144:Lafutidine
4134:Famotidine
4129:Etintidine
4124:Ebrotidine
4119:Donetidine
4109:Cimetidine
4104:Burimamide
4078:-Histidine
4003:Tagorizine
3993:GSK1004723
3983:Elbanizine
3978:Belarizine
3904:imipramine
3832:nefazodone
3803:quetiapine
3795:olanzapine
3752:Vapitadine
3722:Rupatadine
3702:Pibaxizine
3657:Loratadine
3617:Epinastine
3612:Emedastine
3577:Clemastine
3572:Cetirizine
3562:Cabastinen
3547:Bepiastine
3542:Barmastine
3532:Azelastine
3527:Astemizole
3522:Alinastine
3452:Pipoxizine
3302:Doxylamine
3267:Deptropine
3257:Dacemazine
3227:Clemastine
3207:Chlorothen
3187:Captodiame
3147:Antazoline
3113:-Histidine
3064:modulators
2874:Rolapitant
2869:Netupitant
2864:Maropitant
2854:Aprepitant
2655:Dronabinol
2615:Olanzapine
2580:Zatosetron
2570:Ricasetron
2565:Ramosetron
2560:Quetiapine
2540:Olanzapine
2525:Lerisetron
2515:Dolasetron
2495:Bemesetron
2009:Pediatrics
1557:2012-10-21
1343:2015-03-12
961:References
830:lipophilic
785:somnolence
637:Royal Navy
508:3D model (
496:Molar mass
342:3DI2E1X18L
313:ChemSpider
248:CAS Number
227:IUPAC name
167:Metabolism
7353:See also:
7331:SR-31747A
7316:Quinidine
7301:Proadifen
7286:Molindone
7261:Hypericin
7256:EMD-59983
7206:BMY-13980
7191:SKF-83959
7106:Naluzotan
7086:Berberine
7083:Agonists:
7037:RS-67,333
6972:4-MeO-PCP
6967:3-MeO-PCE
6882:Opipramol
6877:OPC-14523
6811:Agonists:
6750:RS-67,333
6695:-Deprenyl
6647:4-MeO-PCP
6627:3-MeO-PCP
6612:SOMCL-668
6604:Positive:
6600:Phenytoin
6590:SR-31742A
6565:PD-144418
6555:NPC-16377
6405:Opipramol
6400:OPC-14523
6395:Noscapine
6365:Memantine
6307:Eliprodil
6302:Donepezil
6177:5-MeO-DMT
6164:Agonists:
5914:Tropacine
5832:cidoxepin
5802:Tofenacin
5772:mianserin
5764:amoxapine
5686:RU-47,213
5666:Quinidine
5626:Pizotifen
5586:Pethidine
5451:Mazaticol
5431:J-104,129
5396:Himbacine
5353:Flavoxate
5298:Drofenine
5173:Camylofin
5163:Biperiden
5138:Benzilone
5094:clozapine
5075:AQ-RA 741
5045:perlapine
5037:meclizine
4997:buclizine
4984:Anisodine
4969:AF-DX 384
4964:AF-DX 250
4811:Muscarine
4786:L-689,660
4776:Itameline
4761:Clozapine
4716:Carbachol
4701:Arecoline
4526:Mianserin
4487:Histamine
4435:SCH-79687
4390:Enerisant
4385:Conessine
4286:Histamine
4239:Xaltidine
4224:Tiotidine
4184:Osutidine
4164:Metiamide
4149:Lamtidine
4060:Histamine
4045:Amthamine
4013:Trenizine
3908:iprindole
3862:mianserin
3850:amoxapine
3836:trazodone
3787:clozapine
3775:asenapine
3757:Zepastine
3737:Talastine
3727:Setastine
3717:Rocastine
3697:Perastine
3687:Octastine
3677:Moxastine
3632:Ketotifen
3597:Dorastine
3582:Clemizole
3557:Bilastine
3472:Talastine
3447:Piperoxan
3422:Perlapine
3412:Oxatomide
3402:Moxastine
3367:Meclozine
3307:Embramine
3247:Cyclizine
3182:Buclizine
3172:Bromazine
3152:Azatadine
3100:Histamine
3004:Piracetam
2910:Midazolam
2905:Lorazepam
2779:Meclizine
2759:Cyclizine
2600:Clozapine
2530:Mianserin
2510:Dazopride
2505:Clozapine
2490:Azasetron
2485:Alosetron
2185:Angiology
2017:CiteSeerX
1056:(1): 2–4.
955:Cyclizine
923:receptors
789:hypotonia
739:piracetam
731:nootropic
699:receptors
687:inner ear
190:Excretion
179:half-life
136: P (
81:Routes of
67:Drugs.com
7296:Pimozide
7251:Dezocine
7141:Naloxone
7101:Metaphit
7096:Fourphit
7076:Unsorted
7012:Ibogaine
6952:SAS-0132
6902:UKH-1114
6859:Ketamine
6844:DKR-1051
6839:DKR-1005
6720:Ibogaine
6352:L-687384
6347:Ketamine
6086:See also
6028:lecithin
6004:prodrugs
5974:WIN-2299
5950:loxapine
5636:Pridinol
5496:Metixene
5253:DAU-5884
5233:CS-27349
5153:Bevonium
5122:zotepine
5110:rilapine
5080:Atropine
4741:CDD-0102
4736:CDD-0098
4731:CDD-0097
4726:CDD-0078
4721:CDD-0034
4696:AQRA-741
4681:AF150(S)
4643:Agonists
4562:See also
4546:VUF-6002
4505:VUF-8430
4470:Agonists
4445:VUF-5681
4360:Bavisant
4340:A-423579
4335:A-349821
4319:Proxyfan
4269:Agonists
4055:Dimaprit
4050:Betazole
4038:Agonists
3973:Azanator
3946:loxapine
3854:loxapine
3815:zotepine
3602:Ebastine
3157:Bamipine
3083:Agonists
2915:Propofol
2811:Atropine
2669:cannabis
2660:Nabilone
2641:agonists
2393:11140571
2255:19770029
2213:38239037
2170:25095807
2162:20301195
2126:18540159
2096:46985958
2047:11045925
2039:16636115
1987:41909759
1979:15993444
1943:15476069
1897:26074302
1889:18681869
1809:15120099
1758:46148781
1631:10372430
1601:24196565
1593:22139622
1530:23368593
1522:10052567
1479:19830405
1438:17505593
1387:45239084
1379:17434541
1320:27410833
1312:15138660
1272:23282116
1264:11981396
1182:12056673
1148:40061724
1140:10465691
949:See also
747:ischemia
735:sedative
691:vomiting
689:and the
665:tinnitus
632:cinnamyl
579:(verify)
293:DrugBank
257:298-57-7
93:ATC code
18:Giganten
7166:UMB-116
7161:UMB-103
7156:UMB-101
7151:UMB-100
6942:MIN-101
6932:CT-1812
6922:BD-1067
6917:BD-1008
6824:BD-1047
6760:Saffron
6745:RHL-033
6515:Dup-734
6500:BD-1067
6495:BD-1063
6490:BD-1060
6485:BD-1047
6480:BD-1031
6475:BD-1008
6420:PRE-084
6237:Cocaine
6202:BD-1052
6024:Choline
5936:(e.g.,
5856:doxepin
5814:(e.g.,
5762:(e.g.,
5738:(e.g.,
5631:Poldine
5591:pFHHSiD
5516:Nefopam
5318:EA-3834
5313:EA-3580
5308:EA-3443
5303:EA-3167
5158:BIBN 99
5092:(e.g.,
4991:(e.g.,
4816:NGX-267
4796:McNA343
4751:Choline
4355:AZD5213
4350:ABT-652
4345:ABT-239
4296:Immepip
4083:UR-AK49
3932:(e.g.,
3900:doxepin
3878:(e.g.,
3848:(e.g.,
3826:(e.g.,
3769:(e.g.,
3764:Others:
3118:UR-AK49
2958:vertigo
2401:2173191
2358:2720300
2349:1854390
2309:3162016
2282:2477524
2088:6349963
1853:2777934
1750:7000939
1715:7012879
1671:1429430
1487:1845935
1429:9443544
1223:1958394
1094:7503767
1022:8328998
685:of the
653:vertigo
613:vertigo
599:of the
501:368.524
469:Formula
322:1264793
302:DB00568
282:1547484
268:PubChem
208:⁄
203:urine,
198:⁄
109:)
103: (
101:N07CA02
7181:YZ-185
7176:YZ-069
7171:YZ-011
7062:UMB-82
7057:UMB-23
6937:LR-172
6927:CM-156
6912:AC-927
6829:BD1063
6790:YKP10A
6755:RTI-55
6642:4-IPBS
6632:4C-T-2
6550:NE-100
6545:MS-377
6540:LR-172
6535:LR-132
6520:E-5842
6510:CM-156
6470:AC-927
6455:UMB-82
6450:UMB-23
6197:BD-737
6172:4-PPBP
5293:Ditran
4944:4-DAMP
4921:YM-796
4686:AF267B
4630:mAChRs
4500:OUP-16
4291:Imetit
2883:Others
2399:
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2356:
2346:
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591:is an
534:SMILES
393:ChEMBL
362:D01295
213:faeces
171:Entire
7146:SM-21
6887:PB-28
6814:3-PPP
6637:4-IBP
6465:3-PPP
6167:3-PPP
6002:(and
5732:SSRIs
4656:AC-42
2397:S2CID
2209:S2CID
2166:S2CID
2092:S2CID
2066:Drugs
2043:S2CID
2005:(PDF)
1983:S2CID
1893:S2CID
1754:S2CID
1597:S2CID
1526:S2CID
1483:S2CID
1383:S2CID
1339:. WHO
1337:(PDF)
1316:S2CID
1268:S2CID
1144:S2CID
659:, or
615:, or
554:InChI
510:JSmol
373:ChEBI
7131:AZ66
7126:AHD1
7067:W-18
6993:DiPT
6865:MDMA
6785:W-18
6701:DiPT
6358:MDMA
6342:IPAB
6223:CGRP
5566:PBID
5268:DIBD
4841:RS86
4676:AF30
4065:HTMT
3105:HTMT
2962:N07C
2794:mACh
2471:5-HT
2389:PMID
2354:PMID
2305:PMID
2278:PMID
2251:PMID
2201:PMID
2158:PMID
2122:PMID
2084:PMID
2035:PMID
1975:PMID
1939:PMID
1885:PMID
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1260:PMID
1219:PMID
1178:PMID
1136:PMID
1090:PMID
1018:PMID
919:5-HT
868:and
802:Cmax
595:and
353:KEGG
333:UNII
151:data
87:Oral
63:AHFS
7048:TMA
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6711:DPT
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5108:),
2462:A04
2381:doi
2377:130
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2336:doi
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2074:doi
2027:doi
2013:117
1967:doi
1929:doi
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1467:doi
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1424:PMC
1414:doi
1367:doi
1300:doi
1296:369
1252:doi
1209:doi
1128:doi
1082:doi
820:AUC
806:max
418:EPA
272:CID
161:Low
106:WHO
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