31:
1008:
955:
in Korean. Some linguists criticize the selection of the new name, claim that its pronunciation in Korean bears no resemblance to the native name at all, and state that its intended representation of the Korean pronunciation is effective in
Mandarin but is lost in other regional dialects, such as in
586:) means "walled city". It was in occasional use to refer to Seoul throughout the Joseon dynasty, having earlier referred to the capitals of Goryeo and Silla. The term came into much wider use during the period of Japanese rule because it is also the Korean form of Keijō
1257:
53:
that simply meant "capital city", and was used colloquially to refer to the capital throughout Korean history. Seoul became the official name of the South Korean capital after its liberation from Japan after the Second World War.
813:). This has caused problems in translating between Chinese and Korean, as Chinese terms for Korean places often are a direct reading of the Hanja names. Until recently, some Chinese sources used the older name "Hanseong" (
1200:
439:
During the Joseon era, it started to be called Seoul by the public. In the middle of Joseon era, Hanseong and
Hanyang were almost replaced by Seoul and remained only formal names. During the period of
928:) can also mean "first" or "capital". For some time after the name change, Chinese-language news media have used both names interchangeably during their publications or broadcasts (
986:
On a 1751 map of China and Korea prepared in France, Seoul was marked as "King-Ki-Tao, Capitale de la Corée", using an approximation of the
Chinese pronunciation of
1385:
1327:
1142:
1458:
1437:
1220:
943:
The change was intended for
Chinese speakers only, and has no effect on the Korean language name. The new name would be written and pronounced
1364:
1337:
1277:
621:) in 1900, which it retained until 1905. It was then called Gyeongseong Station again from 1923 to 1947, when it assumed its current name.
342:
1483:
100:
1478:
1105:
1046:
521:
844:) would be rendered as "Hanseong University", but there already is a university that goes by that exact reading in Chinese:
978:" (the latter being the ancient name of Seoul) would have been much more effective in representing the city's Korean name.
876:
1391:
1150:
996:). The use of "King-Ki-Tao" to refer to Seoul was repeated again on the 1851 Tallis/Rapkin map of both Japan and Korea.
1073:
107:), was originally an old native Korean common noun meaning "capital city." It is believed to have originated from
1473:
829:
440:
789:
389:
220:
30:
1299:
551:
104:
535:
34:
An early 20th century trading card from
Germany, using an alternate spelling of Seoul, with "ö" for "eo".
255:), which was located inside the boundaries of modern-day Seoul. The fortress was also called Hanseong (
1233:
751:
677:
647:
464:
232:
1423:
1281:
1013:
845:
806:
275:
627:
is still used to refer to Seoul in the names of various railway lines and freeways, including:
1333:
1229:
987:
224:
1173:
1021:
911:
868:
214:
1359:
1304:
907:
810:
765:
711:
307:
287:
1390:[NextMedia Travel: Seoul, South Korea)] (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from
57:
Historically, the city of what is now Seoul has been called in various names, including
1179:
731:
485:
1467:
864:
691:
661:
631:
612:
1438:"JAPAN & COREA': Yedo (Tokyo) King-ki-Tao (Seoul). Korea.TALLIS/RAPKIN 1851 map"
957:
306:) in the regions surrounding the city. Bukhansangun was also called Nampyeongyang (
1263:
759:
725:
50:
42:
1100:
596:, the former Japanese name, which was used for Seoul during the colonial rule.
45:, has been called by a number of formal and informal names over time. The word
1413:
1206:
1003:
893:. The name was chosen by a select committee out of two names, the other being
283:
236:
785:
331:
1068:
17:
279:
271:
130:
1418:
720:
685:
917:
526:
884:
801:
Unlike most other place names in Korea, "Seoul" has no corresponding
755:
444:
433:
366:
228:
1459:
Korean
Studies List discussion of the names Gyeongseong and Gyeongin
966:) is pronounced "sew2 el3." Those critics have said that the names "
227:
basin, which is home to the city that is now modern-day Seoul, was
802:
781:
747:
707:
681:
655:
651:
501:
317:
297:
134:
38:
29:
825:) to refer to Seoul, as that term does have corresponding Hanja.
611:) during the Joseon dynasty but the city's main railway station,
1041:
201:(which comes from an ancient word meaning "high and holy") and
828:
However, this led to some confusion. For example, the name of
956:
Cantonese, in which the name is pronounced "sau2 yi5", or in
540:
278:
attacked
Wiryeseong. Upon conquering the Baekje capital,
1278:"Introduction of Seoul Station on KTX Cyber Station"
950:
863:Beginning in 2005, the Seoul City Government under
534:
520:
500:
484:
161:, which also appears in old texts as "Seonabeol" (
197:), is theorized to have originated from the word
467:, the city officially adopted its current name.
615:, opened with the name "Gyeongseong Station" (
589:
452:
991:
973:
967:
961:
935:
929:
923:
915:
8:
1127:
944:
855:
849:
839:
833:
820:
814:
775:
769:
741:
735:
701:
695:
671:
665:
641:
635:
616:
606:
600:
581:
575:
565:
559:
509:
507:
491:
425:
423:
417:
405:
403:
397:
383:
377:
358:
356:
350:
321:
311:
301:
291:
262:
256:
248:
246:
240:
192:
186:
180:
174:
168:
162:
150:
148:
142:
122:
120:
114:
94:
327:
27:Names for the current South Korean capital
1149:. Wordpress. 28 July 2010. Archived from
867:designated a new Chinese term for Seoul:
1099:강진철; 김연옥; 박경룡; 손인수; 이재곤; 소재영; 이혜은; 나각순.
443:, Seoul was referred to by the Japanese
1033:
474:
1365:National Institute of Korean Language
1353:
1351:
1349:
1293:
1291:
1094:
1092:
1090:
459:, or the Korean reading of that name
7:
343:Northern and Southern States period
231:(18 BC – 660 AD). In 18 A.D.,
223:, the first kingdom to conquer the
1414:"當年今日之1950年9月29日美軍從北韓手中奪回漢城 (今首爾)"
724:, the line's original terminus in
25:
1426:from the original on 2021-12-05.
1332:(in Korean). 길벗이지톡. p. 67.
1143:"Was Seoul Always Called Seoul?"
1006:
129:), which originally referred to
1172:Katsuhiro Kuroda (2004-07-02).
235:built the kingdom's capital of
1128:
1106:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1047:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
992:
962:
945:
936:
930:
899:
889:
880:
856:
850:
840:
834:
821:
815:
797:Chinese characters for "Seoul"
776:
770:
742:
736:
702:
696:
672:
666:
642:
636:
617:
607:
601:
582:
576:
566:
560:
508:
492:
424:
418:
404:
398:
384:
378:
357:
351:
322:
312:
302:
292:
274:(37 BC – 668 AD) forces under
263:
257:
247:
241:
193:
187:
181:
175:
169:
163:
149:
143:
121:
115:
95:
1:
1300:"서울대? 한성(漢城)대? 서울고? 한성(漢城)고?"
754:(originally the line went to
599:Seoul was called "Hanseong" (
1232:. 1905-04-11. Archived from
286:of Bukhansan (Bukhansangun;
221:Korean Three Kingdoms Period
951:
924:
906:The chosen name is a close
541:
527:
1500:
940:in television and radio).
212:
974:
968:
960:, in which the new name (
916:
894:
872:
830:Seoul National University
590:
510:
477:
463:. After World War II and
453:
426:
406:
359:
249:
151:
123:
1442:Antiquemapsandprints.com
1386:
1258:
1221:
1201:
1174:
137:, which was then called
1484:Names of places in Asia
1074:Encyclopædia Britannica
728:on the Chinese border);
205:(which means "field").
1326:임대근; 高瑜 (2014-07-01).
1126:Hendick Hamel (1668),
570:) means "capital" and
441:Japanese colonial rule
35:
1479:City name etymologies
33:
1298:김, 재은 (2004-03-05).
554:for "capital city".
522:Revised Romanization
436:period (1392–1897).
372:The city was called
337:The city was called
85:Etymology of "Seoul"
678:Gyeongin Expressway
648:Gyeongbu Expressway
550:"Gyeongseong" is a
369:period (918–1392).
233:King Onjo of Baekje
1329:드라마 중국어회화 핵심패턴 233
1147:The Seoul Searcher
1014:South Korea portal
846:Hansung University
809:used to write the
807:Chinese characters
465:Korea's liberation
185:) or "Seoyabeol" (
36:
1339:978-89-6047-873-2
1230:Hwangsŏng Shinmun
988:Gyeonggi Province
548:
547:
536:McCune–Reischauer
392:(1270–1356), and
133:, the capital of
49:was originally a
41:, the capital of
16:(Redirected from
1491:
1474:History of Seoul
1446:
1445:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1387:壹蘋果旅遊網－南韓－首爾﹝漢城﹞
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1280:. Archived from
1274:
1268:
1267:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1038:
1022:History of Seoul
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
995:
994:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
954:
948:
947:
939:
938:
933:
932:
927:
921:
920:
912:Mandarin Chinese
901:
896:
891:
882:
874:
859:
858:
853:
852:
843:
842:
837:
836:
824:
823:
818:
817:
779:
778:
773:
772:
745:
744:
739:
738:
705:
704:
699:
698:
675:
674:
669:
668:
645:
644:
639:
638:
620:
619:
610:
609:
605:) or "Hanyang" (
604:
603:
595:
593:
592:
585:
584:
579:
578:
569:
568:
563:
562:
552:Sino-Korean word
544:
530:
515:
514:
513:
512:
495:
494:
475:
458:
456:
455:
431:
430:
429:
428:
421:
420:
411:
410:
409:
408:
401:
400:
387:
386:
381:
380:
364:
363:
362:
361:
354:
353:
329:
325:
324:
315:
314:
305:
304:
295:
294:
282:established the
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
253:
252:
251:
244:
243:
215:History of Seoul
196:
195:
190:
189:
184:
183:
178:
177:
172:
171:
166:
165:
156:
155:
154:
153:
146:
145:
128:
127:
126:
125:
118:
117:
106:
98:
97:
21:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1394:on 14 July 2011
1388:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1305:The Chosun Ilbo
1297:
1296:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1101:"서울특별시 (서울特別市)"
1098:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1002:
984:
908:transliteration
811:Korean language
799:
766:Gyeongchun Line
758:in what is now
587:
516:
496:
473:
450:
345:(698–926), and
217:
211:
87:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1453:External links
1451:
1448:
1447:
1429:
1405:
1377:
1358:김, 세중 (2005).
1345:
1338:
1318:
1287:
1284:on 2008-10-20.
1269:
1249:
1212:
1191:
1180:Sankei Shimbun
1164:
1134:
1119:
1086:
1060:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1001:
998:
983:
980:
798:
795:
794:
793:
763:
732:Gyeongwon Line
729:
689:
659:
546:
545:
538:
532:
531:
524:
518:
517:
506:
504:
498:
497:
490:
488:
486:Hunminjeongeum
482:
481:
472:
469:
210:
207:
173:), "Seobeol" (
86:
83:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1266:. 1922-12-29.
1265:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1239:on 2017-08-27
1235:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1165:
1153:on 2010-08-07
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1123:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1004:
999:
997:
989:
981:
979:
959:
953:
941:
926:
919:
913:
909:
904:
902:
892:
886:
878:
870:
866:
865:Lee Myung-bak
861:
847:
831:
826:
812:
808:
804:
796:
791:
787:
783:
767:
764:
761:
757:
753:
749:
733:
730:
727:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
693:
692:Gyeongui Line
690:
687:
683:
679:
663:
662:Gyeongin Line
660:
657:
653:
649:
633:
632:Gyeongbu Line
630:
629:
628:
626:
622:
614:
613:Seoul Station
597:
573:
557:
553:
543:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
519:
505:
503:
499:
489:
487:
483:
480:
476:
470:
468:
466:
462:
449:
446:
442:
437:
435:
415:
395:
391:
375:
370:
368:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
319:
309:
299:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
216:
208:
206:
204:
200:
160:
140:
136:
132:
112:
111:
102:
92:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
1441:
1432:
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1380:
1369:. Retrieved
1363:
1328:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1303:
1282:the original
1272:
1252:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1215:
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1146:
1137:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1104:
1078:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
985:
958:Shanghainese
942:
910:of Seoul in
905:
898:
888:
862:
827:
800:
719:
715:
624:
623:
598:
571:
555:
549:
478:
460:
447:
438:
413:
393:
373:
371:
346:
338:
336:
330: South
269:
218:
202:
198:
158:
138:
109:
108:
90:
88:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:Bukhansangun
62:
58:
56:
46:
37:
1308:(in Korean)
1264:Dong-a Ilbo
1175:漢城、京城、セソウル？
1050:(in Korean)
760:North Korea
752:Baengmagoji
726:North Korea
718:comes from
528:Gyeongseong
479:Gyeongseong
471:Gyeongseong
461:Gyeongseong
390:Mongol rule
320::
310::
300::
290::
276:King Jangsu
219:During the
51:common noun
43:South Korea
18:Gyeongseong
1468:Categories
1371:2023-09-13
1312:2023-09-13
1243:2020-12-19
1207:Shogakukan
1185:2020-12-19
1112:August 17,
1080:2023-09-13
1069:"Gyeongju"
1054:2023-09-13
1028:References
934:in print,
780:) between
746:) between
706:) between
332:Pyeongyang
284:commandery
237:Wiryeseong
213:See also:
59:Wiryeseong
1157:23 August
937:首爾, 以前的漢城
900:Shǒuwu'ěr
792:Province.
786:Chuncheon
542:Kyŏngsŏng
432:) in the
374:Hanyangbu
365:) in the
347:Namgyeong
225:Han River
159:Seorabeol
139:Geumseong
110:Seorabeol
89:The name
75:Hanyangbu
71:Namgyeong
1424:Archived
1360:"정책과 제도"
1129:蘭船濟州道難破記
1000:See also
680:between
650:between
394:Hanseong
388:) under
280:Goguryeo
272:Goguryeo
270:In 475,
131:Gyeongju
79:Hanseong
1419:YouTube
1398:30 July
1202:日本大百科全書
1199:"ソウル".
890:Shǒu'ěr
877:Chinese
869:Chinese
790:Gangwon
721:Sinuiju
712:Dorasan
686:Incheon
414:Hanyang
341:in the
339:Hanyang
209:History
67:Hanyang
1336:
1259:역명개칭고시
972:" or "
949:;
887::
885:pinyin
879::
871::
854:;
838:;
819:;
774:;
762:); and
756:Wonsan
740:;
700:;
676:) and
670:;
646:) and
640:;
625:Gyeong
580:;
564:;
556:Gyeong
445:exonym
434:Joseon
422:;
402:;
382:;
367:Goryeo
355:;
326:;
316:;
308:Korean
296:;
288:Korean
261:;
245:;
229:Baekje
191:;
179:;
167:;
147:;
119:;
77:, and
1237:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
982:Other
857:漢城大學校
851:한성대학교
841:서울大學校
835:서울대학교
803:Hanja
782:Seoul
748:Seoul
714:(the
708:Seoul
682:Seoul
656:Busan
652:Seoul
572:seong
502:Hanja
448:Keijō
412:) or
318:Hanja
298:Hanja
199:seora
135:Silla
105:səˈul
91:Seoul
47:seoul
39:Seoul
1400:2010
1334:ISBN
1222:경부철도
1159:2010
1114:2024
1042:"서울"
925:shǒu
784:and
750:and
710:and
684:and
654:and
328:lit.
303:北漢山郡
293:북한산군
267:).
203:beol
993:京畿道
952:Sui
931:首爾
895:首午爾
860:).
788:in
777:京春線
771:경춘선
743:京元線
737:경원선
703:京義線
697:경의선
673:京仁線
667:경인선
643:京釜線
637:경부선
618:京城驛
385:漢陽府
379:한양부
334:).
323:南平壤
313:남평양
250:慰禮城
242:위례성
194:徐耶伐
188:서야벌
170:徐那伐
164:서나벌
157:).
124:徐羅伐
116:서라벌
101:IPA
1470::
1440:.
1422:.
1416:.
1362:.
1348:^
1302:.
1290:^
1262:.
1228:.
1205:.
1178:.
1145:.
1103:.
1089:^
1071:.
1044:.
975:徐蔚
969:西蔚
963:首爾
946:수이
914:;
903:.
897:;
883:;
881:首尔
875:;
873:首爾
822:漢城
816:한성
716:ui
608:漢陽
602:漢城
591:京城
511:京城
493:경성
454:京城
427:漢陽
419:한양
407:漢城
399:한성
360:南京
352:남경
264:漢城
258:한성
182:徐伐
176:서벌
152:金城
144:금성
103::
99:;
96:서울
81:.
73:,
69:,
65:,
61:,
1444:.
1402:.
1374:.
1342:.
1315:.
1246:.
1209:.
1188:.
1161:.
1132:.
1116:.
1083:.
1057:.
990:(
922:(
918:首
848:(
832:(
805:(
768:(
734:(
694:(
688:;
664:(
658:;
634:(
594:)
588:(
583:城
577:성
574:(
567:京
561:경
558:(
457:)
451:(
416:(
396:(
376:(
349:(
239:(
141:(
113:(
93:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
