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This eruption is usually assigned to the Grímsvötn system. Seismic studies under the ice cover suggest the eruption was at intersection of three areas of recent seismic activity; Lokahryggur, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn. There was at the time of the 1996 eruption minimal seismic activity in the
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fissure volcanic system, but is outside the caldera of Bárðarbunga itself. Earthquake swarms associated with the volcano are separate in time and place from other swarms in the Bárðarbunga system. The fissure swarm extending south-west towards
522:
Konstantinou, K.I.; Utami, I.W.; Giannopoulos, D; Sokos, E. (2019). "A reappraisal of seismicity recorded during the 1996 Gjálp eruption, Iceland, in light of the 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga–Holuhraun lateral dike intrusion".
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294:. A geothermally and seismically active ridge called Lokahryggur or the Loki Ridge, extends eastward from Hamarinn under the ice to where in 1996 the
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Selected geological features near the Loki-Fögrufjöll (Hamarinn) central volcano and Bárðarbunga volcanic system (red outlines). Other shading shows:
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seismically active areas. Clicking on the image enlarges to full window and enables mouse-over with more detail.
589:"The effect of the 2002 glacial flood on dissolved and suspended chemical fluxes in the Skaftá river, Iceland"
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Galeczka, I.; Eiriksdottir, E.S.; Hardardottir, J.; Oelkers, E.H.; Torssander, P.; Gislason, S.R. (2015).
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410:"Volcanoes beneath Vatnajökull, Iceland: Evidence from radio echo-sounding, earthquakes and jökulhlaups"
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was erupted, but the system may also have had subglacial eruptions in 1986, 1991, 2006, 2008 and 2011.
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451:"Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Bárðarbunga Alternative name: Veiðivötn"
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subglacial terrain above 1,100 m (3,600 ft), and
379:"National Land Survey of Iceland (Kortasja):Hamarinn"
559:"Loki-Fögrufjöll Volcano, Iceland | John Seach"
501:"Catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes: Eruption Search"
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290:has not had recent earthquakes or erupted in the
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596:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
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408:Björnsson, H.; Einarsson, P. (1990).
328:List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland
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577:Iceland volcano and earthquake blog
476:"Seismicity in Iceland: 1994–2007"
430:from the original on 20 March 2023
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616:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.05.008
298:erupted between Bárðarbunga and
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643:Subglacial volcanoes of Iceland
252:volcanic system; also known as
241:[ˈlɔːcɪ-ˈfœɣrʏˌfjœtl̥]
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261:after its central volcano or
648:Central volcanoes of Iceland
333:List of volcanoes in Iceland
101:List of volcanoes in Iceland
90:1,573 m (5,161 ft)
525:Pure and Applied Geophysics
474:Jakobsdóttir, S.S. (2008).
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267:[ˈlɔːkaˌr̥ɪkːʏr̥]
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237:Icelandic pronunciation:
27:Not to be confused with
130:64.478056°N 17.821710°W
296:Gjálp volcanic fissure
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190:central volcanoes and
354:Lokahryggur region.
302:and produced a large
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135:64.478056; -17.821710
323:Volcanism of Iceland
608:2015JVGR..301..253G
537:2019PApGe.177.2579K
258:[ˈhaːmarɪn]
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157:Subglacial volcano
80:Highest point
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489:(1): 75–100.
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653:Bárðarbunga
602:: 253–276.
423:: 147–168.
288:Torfajökull
283:Bárðarbunga
276:Vatnajökull
263:Lokahryggur
226:Vatnajökull
133: /
108:Coordinates
637:Categories
362:References
304:jökulhlaup
278:glacier.
274:under the
183:calderas,
121:17°49′18″W
118:64°28′41″N
621:31 August
300:Grímsvötn
86:Elevation
507:18 March
456:18 March
434:18 March
425:Archived
384:18 March
317:See also
292:Holocene
254:Hamarinn
42:Hamarinn
18:Hamarinn
604:Bibcode
533:Bibcode
270:) is a
146:Geology
96:Listing
503:. 2019
483:Jökull
417:Jökull
311:tephra
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592:(PDF)
479:(PDF)
428:(PDF)
413:(PDF)
341:Notes
623:2020
509:2024
458:2024
436:2024
386:2024
231:The
168:1910
29:Laki
612:doi
600:301
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529:177
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
