1655:" (oriental sounding), "urban blues" played on the bouzouki, tzoura, and oriental instruments such as the baglama, outi (oud) and kanonaki (kanun) that spoke of life as a hashish user in the "tekethes", as well as about life as refugees, society's unfairness, lack of financial opportunities, prejudice against the refugees, and the deceit of lovers and others in the community. The "tekethes" were closed down in the 1930s by the Greek police and the "rembetes" were jailed and ostracized. In succeeding decades, there has been a strong 20+ year resurgence in Greece of "rembetika" music with the songs of the rembetes and hasiklithes being contuinually performed publicly by many including the younger generation, as a form of cultural heritage, and have gained respectability and popularity for their frank expressions of that period, and Greek society in general. Due to disruptive conflicts in the regions, Morocco took over and was the sufficient exporter until lately. It is believed that massive hashish production for international trade originated in
1651:
Afghanistan. In Greece, Hashish was prevalent in the early decades of the 20th century, and although locally produced for hundreds of years prior, it reached its peak with the coming of two and a half million Greek refugees, expelled from Turkey following the disastrous 1919-21 war. Many of these refugees had habitually smoked hashish in Turkey, using waterpipes, (hookas) called "arghilethes," and due to extreme poverty upon arriving in Greece, and living in overcrowded and poor refugee communities, many hashish dens, called "tekethes" sprung up in Greece's larger cities, the port city of
Piraeus, and the northern city of Thessaloniki (where many refugees lived.) This gave rise to a substantial urban underclass and sub culture of hashish smokers called "hasiklithes," and a musical genre "
1549:) in his historic work documenting his journeys in the East. He particularly mentioned the Egyptian hashish. He said, "Bangue is likewise much used in Turkie and Egypt, and is made in three sorts, having also three names. The first by the Egyptians is called Assis (Hashish (Arab.)), which is the poulder of Hemp, or of Hemp leaves, which is water made in paste or dough, they would eat five pieces, (each) as big as a Chestnut (or larger); This is used by the common people, because it is of a small price, and it is no wonder, that such vertue proceedeth from the Hempe, for that according to Galens opinion, Hempe excessively filleth the head."
1691:), Western Europe is the biggest market for cannabis resin with 70% of global seizures. The European hashish market is changing though: Cannabis cultivation increased throughout the 1990s until 2004, with a noticeable decrease reported in 2005 according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Morocco has been the major source, however lately there has been a shift in the market and Afghanistan has been named the major producer of Hashish. Even though a drop in usage and production has been reported, Morocco produced around 6600 tonnes of resin in 2005.
1426:—but often in higher concentrations than the unsifted or unprocessed cannabis flower. Purities of confiscated hashish in Europe (2011) range between 3% and 15%. Between 2000 and 2005, the percentage of hashish in cannabis end product seizures was at 18%. With the strength of unprocessed cannabis flowers having increased greatly in recent years—with flowers containing upwards of 25% THC by weight—the strength of hashish produced today and in the future is likely to be far more potent than in these older records.
1302:
1952:
1675:
greatly, as well as improving resin quality with higher ratios of psychoactive ingredients (THC). A tastier, smoother and more aromatic terpenes and flavanoids profile is seen as an indicator of a significant rise in hashish quality in more recent years. Hashish production in Spain has also become more popular and is on the rise, however the demand for relatively cheap and high quality
Moroccan hash is still extremely high.
4623:
1909:
225:
1235:
1444:
1748:(THC). In some samples the CBD-content was significantly higher than the THC-content. The simultaneous occurrence of these three cannabinoids constitute the typical, chemical profile of hashish consumed in Europe and Northern Africa. In comparison, most high-potency marijuana products contain only THC. It is believed that the psychotropic effects of hashish are therefore more subtle, and
4609:
2058:
1257:
1245:
1831:
29:
1782:
1630:
Hashish was also mentioned and used as an anaesthetic in
Germany in 1869. It was imported in great quantities especially from India where it was called charas. However, there were also people who did not deem cannabis as harmless. Between 1880 and 1900 was the peak of the medicinal use, where hashish
1966:
The ice-water method requires ice, water, agitation, filtration bags with various-sized screens and plant material. With the ice-water extraction method the resin becomes hard and brittle and can easily be separated. This allows large quantities of pure resins to be extracted in a very clean process
1943:
Mechanical separation methods use physical action to remove the trichomes from the dried plant material, such as sieving through a screen by hand or in motorized tumblers. This technique is known as "drysifting". The resulting powder, referred to as "kief" or "drysift", is compressed with the aid of
1678:
Changes to regulations around the world have contributed greatly to more and more countries becoming legitimate hashish producing regions, with countries like Spain effecting more lenient laws on cannabis products such as hashish. Washington State followed by
Colorado started regulating cultivation,
1915:
1913:
1911:
1666:
However, since the 2000s there has been a dramatic shift in the market due to an increase of homegrown cannabis production. While
Morocco held a quasi-monopoly on hashish in the 1990s with the 250-gram (8.8 oz) so-called "soap bar" blocks, which were of low quality, Afghanistan is now regarded
1567:
wrote a comprehensive study of
Himalayan hemp, which was recognised by the European school of medicine and describes hashish as relief for cramps and causing the disappearance of certain symptoms from afflictions such as rabies, cholera, and tetanus. This led to high hopes in the medical community.
1410:
are more popular, and hash has seen a relative decrease in popularity following changes in laws that have indirectly allowed for the development and increased availability of cannabis extracts that are more potent than traditional hashish, although regional differences in product preferences exist.
2031:
introduced when the hashish is being produced will reduce the purity of the material and often resulting in green finished product. If hash is particularly sticky, this can mean that additional oils have been added to increase the overall weight of the product. The most common quality indicator is
2018:
Solventless Rosin Method was discovered by Phil
Salazar in 2015. Rosin is created by pressing Cannabis Flower, Dry sift, or Ice water hash in between parchment paper using a pneumatic or hydraulic press with heated plates to create force and pressure to expel the oil from the product. The moisture
1914:
1650:
At the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of hashish in Europe came from
Kashmir and other parts of India, Afghanistan, as well as Greece, Syria, Nepal, Lebanon, and Turkey. Larger markets developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s when most of the hashish was imported from Pakistan and
4408:
1962:
Trichomes may break away from supporting stalks and leaves when plant material becomes brittle at low temperatures. After plant material has been agitated in an icy slush, separated trichomes are often dense enough to sink to the bottom of the ice-water mixture following agitation, while lighter
1698:
The 1990s "soap bars" disappeared and the physical shapes of hashish changed to melon shaped, tablets or olive shaped pellets. Overall the general trend of domestically grown cannabis displacing the imported resin leads to a market reaction of potency changes while the prices remain stable while
1694:
As 641 tonnes of hashish were consumed in the EU in 2013, the
European market is currently the world's largest and most profitable. Therefore, many players are involved in the business, including organised crime groups. The largest cannabis resin seizures in Europe happen in Portugal, due to its
1674:
Hashish remains in high demand in most of the world while quality continues to increase, due to many
Moroccan and western farmers in Morocco and other hash producing countries using more advanced cultivation methods as well as cultivating further developed cannabis strains which increases yields
944:
2011:
Morocco has been the major hashish producer globally with €10.8 billion earned from Moroccan resin in 2004, but some so-called "Moroccan" may actually be European-made. The income for the farmers was around €325 million in 2005. While the overall number of plants and areas shrank in size, the
1429:
The consistency and appearance of hashish is highly dependent on the process used and the amount of leftover plant material (e.g. chlorophyll). It is typically solid, though its consistency ranges from brittle to malleable. It is most commonly light or dark brown in color, though may appear
1912:
4365:
1931:
The sticky resins of the fresh flowering female cannabis plant are collected. Traditionally this was, and still is, done in remote locations by pressing or rubbing the flowering plant between two hands and then forming the sticky resins into a small ball of hashish called
1766:
Depending on the production process, the product can be contaminated with different amounts of dirt and plant fragments, varying greatly in terms of appearance, texture, odour and potency. Also, adulterants may be added in order to increase weight or modify appearance.
1631:
compounds were most commonplace in almost all European countries and the USA. Evidence of misuse at that time was practically non-existent (as opposed to widespread reports in Asia and Africa). Hashish played a significant role in the treatment of pain, migraine,
2007:
to yield "red oil". The product of chemical separations is more commonly referred to as "honey oil." This oil is not really hashish, as the latter name covers trichomes that are extracted by sieving. This leaves most of the glands intact.
1812:
has a low water solubility therefore it is most effective when ingested alongside a fatty meal or snack. Not all hashish can be consumed orally as some is not decarboxylated during manufacture. Generally the methods are similar to overall
2761:
2806:
The street price of cannabis in French cities has surged after tight border controls imposed as part of a nationwide lockdown to slow the coronavirus outbreak disrupted the flow of illegal narcotics and drug gangs hiked their
1718:, as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments. The flowers of a mature female plant contain the most trichomes, though trichomes are also found on other parts of the plant. Certain strains of cannabis are
4262:
1944:
heat into blocks of hashish; if pure, the kief will become gooey and pliable. When a high level of pure THC is present, the end product will be almost transparent and will start to melt at the point of human contact.
2499:
4497:
4445:
1990:
desirable resin. Remaining plant materials are filtered out of the solution and sent to the compost. The solvent is then evaporated, or boiled off (purged) leaving behind the desirable resins, called honey oil,
1679:
manufacturing and distribution of cannabis and cannabis derived products such as hashish in the United States, followed by many other places in the US (such as Humboldt, California), and around the world.
1947:
Ice-water separation is another mechanical method of isolating trichomes. Newer techniques have been developed such as heat and pressure separations, static-electricity sieving or acoustical dry sieving.
4492:
982:
3300:
140:
1910:
1536:(throughout the 13th century). Smoking did not become common in the Old World until after the introduction of tobacco; until the 1500s, hashish was consumed as an edible in the Muslim world.
2828:
1820:
As hashish’s active ingredient is THC, it has the same effects as cannabis. The onset is felt within 15 minutes when smoking, and about 30 to 60 minutes when eaten. Common effects include:
4440:
2750:
4573:
1688:
1639:, asthma and insomnia in Europe and USA towards the end of the 19th century. Rare applications included stomach ache, depression, diarrhea, diminished appetite, pruritus, hemorrhage,
4199:
4184:
1414:
Hashish is a cannabis concentrate product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes, from the plant. It is defined by the 1961 UN
1757:
Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclohexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.
2904:
4252:
2491:
160:
1667:
as the biggest producer of higher quality hashish. Since then, hashish quality in Europe has increased while its prices have remained stable, with an exception of the
1005:
4475:
3226:
1936:. This method produces the highest amount of cannabinoids (THC content up to 60%) without chemical solvents or distillation. The best quality charas is produced in
1556:
in 1777. The Napoleonic campaigns introduced French troops to hashish in Egypt and the first description of its useful stems was in 1830 by pharmacist and botanist
1071:
4375:
972:
967:
173:
2794:
2711:
The Voyage of John Huyghen Van Linschoten to the East Indies: From the Old English Translation of 1598. The First Book, Containing His Description of the East...
2012:
introduction of more potent hybrid plants produced a high resin rate. The amount of resin produced is estimated to range between 3,800 and 9,500 tonnes in 2005.
4426:
2840:– Hasjprisen har skutt i været i det siste. Prisen lå på rundt hundre kroner per gram. Nå har jeg hørt priser rundt femhundrelappen, sier Torbjørn Johnsbø.
3932:
3902:
2528:
4325:
3128:
2368:
4257:
4221:
3292:
1557:
1288:
1411:
Like many recreational drugs, multiple synonyms and alternative names for hashish exist, and vary greatly depending on the country and native language.
962:
2019:
present in the flower, Dry Sift, or ice water hash will create steam pressure and force the oil from the source creating a solventless hash product.
3242:
2939:
2820:
4480:
1418:(Schedule I and IV) as "the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant". The resin contains ingredients such as
2046:
As mentioned above, there has been a general increase in potency as the competition has grown bigger and new hybrid plants have been developed.
4282:
4194:
4109:
675:
4360:
4091:
3587:
3029:
2964:
2650:
2592:
2196:
977:
3067:
4350:
4236:
2918:
2339:
2273:
2032:
the smell. High-quality hash will smell fragrant and aromatic, whereas hash of low quality may have a distinct mouldy or musty aroma. The
1722:
specifically for their ability to produce large amounts of trichomes. The resin reservoirs of the trichomes, sometimes erroneously called
3053:
Inciardi, James A. The War on Drugs II (неопр.). — Mountain View, California: McGraw-Hill Education, 1992. — С. 19. — ISBN 1-55934-016-9.
4355:
4134:
4039:
2993:
2656:
2598:
1644:
1415:
1010:
197:
2202:
4591:
4179:
4099:
3417:
2310:
1572:
reported his successful use of hashish against pestilence. Also psychiatric experiments with hashish were done at the same time with
4662:
4231:
4169:
3365:
3351:
3332:
3276:
2901:
2556:
2169:
1483:
1849:(the ability to see colors, hear sounds and taste food more clearly), as a result of the drug increasing the activity of the senses
4104:
3896:
3538:
4581:
4320:
4144:
4074:
3804:
3094:
1564:
341:
125:
2623:
1755:
In a study conducted in 2014 by Jean-Jaques Filippi, Marie Marchini, Céline Charvoz, Laurence Dujourdy and Nicolas Baldovini (
1736:
Hashish samples from India, Lebanon and Morocco confiscated in Europe and Israel in 2005 contained all appreciable amounts of
4287:
4226:
1533:
1465:
1281:
939:
680:
285:
3208:
4330:
4012:
3997:
3927:
3917:
3763:
3753:
3498:
1172:
957:
831:
778:
768:
758:
670:
4420:
4164:
3965:
3922:
3820:
3703:
3360:. Berkeley, California: And/Or Press, 1977. Chapter 6 "Extraction of THC and Preparation of Hash Oil" pp. 111–122.
2397:
798:
393:
260:
3976:
3697:
3601:
3582:
2786:
1719:
1051:
588:
583:
302:
3812:
2434:
ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Mehmedic, Zlatko; Foster, Susan; Gon, Chandrani; Chandra, Suman; Church, James C. (2016-04-01).
385:
4470:
3518:
3513:
2436:"Changes in Cannabis Potency over the Last Two Decades (1995-2014) - Analysis of Current Data in the United States"
1540:
322:
270:
2040:
from 30% to 90%. Hashish can also contain appreciable amounts of CBD, CBN and also contain trace amounts of other
1496:
Hashish has been consumed for many centuries, though there is no clear evidence as to its first appearance. North
1454:
4652:
4647:
4380:
4114:
3937:
3264:
2520:
1659:
during the 1960s, where the cannabis plant was widely available. Before the coming of the first hippies from the
1274:
733:
185:
3120:
2684:. from the old English translation of 1598: the first book, containing his description of the East. London: The
1643:
and malaria. The use was later prohibited worldwide as the use as a medicine was made impossible by the 1961 UN
4586:
4450:
4385:
4310:
4189:
3992:
3577:
2360:
1733:-grinders in order to skirt paraphernalia-selling laws), are separated from the plant through various methods.
1461:
1167:
1041:
928:
698:
515:
4159:
1617:, about the state of being under the influence of opium and hashish. At around the same time, American author
4124:
4119:
4029:
3987:
3838:
2015:
The largest producer today is Afghanistan, however studies suggest there is a "hashish revival" in Morocco.
1879:
1613:
1553:
1332:
1056:
625:
498:
476:
464:
406:
4530:
4522:
4485:
4335:
4174:
3960:
3912:
3880:
3853:
3833:
3685:
3549:
3463:
3410:
2900:
Lumír O. Hanuš, Rina Levy, Dafna De La Vega, Limor Katz, Michael Roman & Pavel Tomíček (08 Jun 2016).
2695:
1552:
Hashish arrived in Europe from the East during the 18th century, and is first mentioned scientifically by
1089:
821:
615:
600:
411:
401:
250:
118:
3239:
4345:
4034:
3890:
3885:
3646:
3641:
3613:
3592:
3522:
2936:
1592:
1573:
1356:
793:
763:
452:
275:
3186:
4340:
4149:
3982:
3828:
3790:
3758:
3508:
3503:
2091:
2071:
2033:
1814:
1797:
1745:
1588:
1580:
1509:
The first attestation of the term "hashish" is in a pamphlet published in Cairo in 1123 CE, accusing
1419:
1407:
1046:
923:
900:
713:
703:
650:
643:
571:
356:
290:
280:
106:
1513:
Muslims of being "hashish-eaters". The cult of Nizari militants which emerged after the fall of the
4657:
4568:
4432:
4129:
4044:
3955:
3872:
3618:
3437:
3386:
2004:
1776:
1608:
1210:
1026:
788:
773:
753:
746:
493:
307:
94:
3033:
2956:
2715:
2689:
4059:
4007:
3797:
3483:
3071:
1869:
1623:
1604:
1569:
1518:
1261:
1215:
1143:
995:
895:
101:
69:
1579:
In the 19th century, hashish was embraced in some European literary circles. Most famously, the
2331:
2261:
1792:
Hashish can be consumed by oral ingestion or smoking. When smoked, it may be smoked in a pipe,
1301:
4626:
4538:
4514:
4209:
4002:
3403:
3361:
3347:
3328:
3272:
3220:
3178:
3170:
2883:
2646:
2588:
2552:
2473:
2455:
2192:
2165:
1951:
1863:
1668:
1514:
1364:
1036:
1031:
2997:
2640:
2582:
2420:
2161:
2154:
3947:
3907:
3746:
3741:
3691:
3572:
3544:
3534:
3162:
2873:
2865:
2463:
2447:
2286:
2186:
2125:
2076:
1801:
1640:
1618:
1347:
1323:
1155:
880:
783:
660:
240:
2302:
1587:
club dedicated to the consumption of hashish and other drugs; its members included writers
4613:
4315:
3858:
3724:
3490:
3476:
3442:
3390:
3246:
2943:
2922:
2908:
2685:
2627:
2081:
2063:
1600:
1360:
1249:
1238:
1177:
1138:
1133:
918:
890:
655:
416:
63:
57:
2709:
2679:
1852:
altered sense of time and space (feeling that time is slow and the distances are longer)
3606:
2902:"The main cannabinoids content in hashish samples seized in Israel and Czech Republic."
2878:
2853:
2468:
2435:
1759:) the researchers linked the characteristic flavour of hashish with a rearrangement of
1636:
3293:"The main cannabinoids content in hashish samples seized in Israel and Czech Republic"
1532:
prohibited the use of hashish; he mentioned that it was introduced to Levant with the
1500:
and Nepal have a long social tradition in the production of hashish, known locally as
1406:
Hashish consumption is also popular in Europe. In the United States, dried flowers or
4641:
3676:
2000:
1987:
1529:
708:
537:
440:
3098:
4414:
4204:
4139:
3734:
3656:
2620:
2451:
1937:
1660:
1632:
1205:
1000:
868:
665:
552:
265:
2036:(THC) content of hashish comes in wide ranges from almost none to 65% and that of
3212:
3166:
4016:
3848:
2915:
2041:
1924:
1874:
1737:
1711:
1596:
1443:
1423:
1372:
1220:
1187:
1182:
630:
542:
369:
317:
312:
110:
2758:
Background Paper Commissioned by the EMCDDA for the 2016 EU Drug Markets Report
4023:
3671:
3636:
3268:
2869:
2492:"Highly Potent Weed Has Swept The Market, Raising Concerns About Health Risks"
2421:
Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential
2053:
2028:
1824:
changes in perception; including a feeling of relaxation, pleasure (“high” or
1741:
718:
620:
547:
361:
114:
90:
44:
3174:
2459:
2389:
1671:, where the cannabis street prices surged due to various national lockdowns.
4069:
4054:
4049:
3970:
3661:
3651:
1855:
1523:
873:
858:
853:
728:
723:
481:
4608:
3182:
2887:
2477:
2057:
1627:
about his youthful experiences, both positive and negative, with the drug.
224:
1687:
According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (
4546:
4214:
4064:
3778:
3666:
3469:
3426:
2101:
2096:
2037:
1992:
1955:
1891:
1825:
1749:
1715:
1652:
1576:
being convinced that it is the supreme medicament for use in psychiatry.
1400:
1111:
863:
841:
488:
297:
216:
80:
2027:
Tiny pieces of leaf matter may be accidentally or even purposely added;
1256:
1975:
1971:
1887:
1805:
1760:
1656:
1468: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1396:
1392:
1368:
530:
525:
520:
469:
254:
2821:"Rusmiljøet frykter koronavirus vil gi økte priser og doptørke i Oslo"
1830:
1244:
3768:
2086:
1983:
1979:
1933:
1723:
1510:
1502:
826:
508:
503:
2787:"Cannabis street prices surge under coronavirus lockdown in France"
28:
4154:
3729:
3530:
3526:
2819:
Larsen, Martin Hall; Espedal, Jan T.; Kagge, Gunnar (2020-04-12).
2290:
1950:
1907:
1895:
1846:
1829:
1785:
1780:
1727:
1584:
1545:
1497:
1380:
1376:
1300:
816:
2285:
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon,
2156:
Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible
1967:
without the use of solvents, making for a more purified hashish.
3785:
3628:
3447:
2994:"DrugFacts: Marijuana | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)"
2619:
Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra (Arabic), Vol. 3, p 425.
2132:
are rarely used for recreational purposes, including as hashish.
1793:
1781:
1730:
1388:
1384:
885:
848:
191:
167:
4498:
List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
3399:
1726:(vendors often use the euphemism "pollen catchers" to describe
1663:, only small pieces of Lebanese hashish were found in Morocco.
179:
4493:
List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
1996:
1809:
1437:
3378:
3150:
2681:
The voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies
3395:
3379:
Bibliography of scholarly histories on cannabis and hashish
1699:
soap-bar potency increased from 8% to up to 20.7% in 2014.
134:
3030:"Marijuana Symptoms and Warning Signs - Addiction Center"
155:
4574:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry
2262:"A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences"
147:
3383:
1702:
Generally, more resin than herb is consumed in Europe.
1528:
Arabic for "hashish-smokers." The 13th-century jurist
1337:
1371:. It has a long history of use in countries such as
4561:
4506:
4461:
4398:
4303:
4296:
4275:
4245:
4090:
4083:
3946:
3871:
3717:
3627:
3565:
3558:
3456:
2785:Pailliez, Caroline; Guichard, Mourad (2020-03-27).
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
124:
100:
86:
76:
52:
21:
2153:
16:Traditional oleoresin derived from cannabis (drug)
4361:1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances
2571:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.
2361:"Is Old-School Hashish Going Extinct in America?"
2621:http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9690#page-1323
2160:(5th ed.). Van Patten Publishing. pp.
1006:Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory
2547:
2545:
1072:Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids
4446:Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act
4441:Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US
3207:Andrew Parker aka chewberto420 (May 8, 2017).
2854:"An Overview of Products and Bias in Research"
3411:
3149:Chouvy, Pierre Arnaud; Afsahi, Kenza (2014).
3121:"UN: Afghanistan is leading hashish producer"
1282:
8:
3903:Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome
2569:Notes on Uyunu al-Anba fi Tabaquat al-Atibba
1970:Chemical separation methods generally use a
4326:Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking
3271:: Mayfield Publishing Company. p. 19.
3225:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3097:. Cannabis Culture Magazine. Archived from
3070:. Cannabis Culture Magazine. Archived from
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
1995:", or just "oil". Honey oil still contains
1834:Blood-shot eyes are a sign of cannabis use.
4300:
4087:
3562:
3418:
3404:
3396:
2645:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 72–.
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
1963:pieces of leaves and stems tend to float.
1808:, as pure hashish will burn poorly alone.
1763:caused during the process of manufacture.
1558:Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck
1289:
1275:
207:
27:
4366:1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking
3344:Marihuana The first twelve thousand years
2877:
2732:. (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson College Div.
2678:Burnell, Arthur Coke; Tiele, P.A (1885).
2639:John Charles Chasteen (9 February 2016).
2521:"Guide To The Different Types Of Hashish"
2467:
1958:isolated with ice-water extraction method
1484:Learn how and when to remove this message
4356:1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
2642:Getting High: Marijuana through the Ages
1882:(a drop in blood pressure when standing)
3340:by Fitz Hugh Ludlow; first edition 1857
2937:Hashishene, the new terpene of cannabis
2144:
2117:
1886:Side effects with overdose may include
1611:. Baudelaire later wrote the 1860 book
215:
33:Hashish shown next to a 19-millimetre (
3218:
676:Adult lifetime cannabis use by country
18:
3443:Recreational and medical applications
3068:"How to Make Wicked hash/Bubble hash"
3061:
3059:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
1788:, a Moroccan long-drawtube one-hitter
1367:, it is consumed plain or mixed with
1346:
7:
3155:International Journal of Drug Policy
1466:adding citations to reliable sources
1430:transparent, yellow, black, or red.
2730:Drugs, behavior, and modern society
2551:Hashish! by Robert Connell Clarke,
1940:, and sold in sausage-like shapes.
1645:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1517:is commonly called the sect of the
1416:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1327:
1011:Legal history of cannabis in Canada
4592:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
4376:Legal history in the United States
3249:How to determine high-quality hash
2916:doi:10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983.
2708:Jan Huygen van Linschoten (1885).
2659:from the original on 20 April 2023
2601:from the original on 20 April 2023
2581:Martin Booth (30 September 2011).
2400:from the original on 26 April 2019
14:
2967:from the original on 24 June 2018
2751:"The supply of hashish to Europe"
4622:
4621:
4607:
4409:Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020
3897:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
3066:Scammel and, Liza; Bianca Sind.
2694:Full text at Internet Archive.
2056:
1442:
1255:
1243:
1233:
605:(activate cannabinoid receptors)
223:
163:(Authorized scientific use only)
4582:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
3303:from the original on 2020-06-09
3189:from the original on 2017-02-03
3131:from the original on 2011-07-16
2831:from the original on 2022-07-18
2797:from the original on 2020-03-29
2767:from the original on 2019-08-19
2531:from the original on 2014-01-09
2502:from the original on 2020-10-08
2371:from the original on 2020-10-09
2342:from the original on 2020-08-11
2313:from the original on 2020-10-09
2276:from the original on 2019-04-04
2205:from the original on 2023-01-15
2003:and can be further purified by
1804:, where it is often mixed with
1714:-rich glandular hairs known as
1543:spent three pages on "Bangue" (
1453:needs additional citations for
3093:Brady, P. (February 4, 2003).
2452:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004
2188:Marijuana and the Cannabinoids
1695:proximity to Northern Africa.
940:Cannabis and international law
681:Annual cannabis use by country
1:
4331:Effects of legalized cannabis
4283:Adult lifetime use by country
3499:Chemical defenses in Cannabis
958:Cannabis in the United States
769:Effects of legalized cannabis
4421:German cannabis control bill
3933:Occupational health concerns
3704:The Emperor Wears No Clothes
3167:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.001
3151:"Hashish Revival in Morocco"
3032:. 2021-01-22. Archived from
2996:. 2019-08-01. Archived from
2925:Retrieved 10 September 2021.
2587:. Transworld. pp. 84–.
3698:Hemp Industries Association
3602:Religious and spiritual use
3259:Inciardi, James A. (1992).
2185:Mahmoud A. ElSohly (2007).
1338:
1052:Cannabis in the Netherlands
589:Cannabinoid receptor type 2
584:Cannabinoid receptor type 1
430:Semi-synthetic cannabinoids
4679:
4471:Cannabis political parties
3327:by Robert Connell Clarke,
2714:Hakluyt society. pp.
1866:, including poor reactions
1774:
1541:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten
1351:), usually abbreviated as
4602:
4381:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
3938:Medical cannabis research
3433:
3346:by Ernest L. Abel, 1980,
2870:10.1007/s13311-015-0370-x
2852:Gloss, D (October 2015).
2728:Levinthal, C. F. (2012).
2424:, p. 34 (Routledge 2013).
2152:Cervantes, Jorge (2006).
1919:Making charas from fresh
1315: oz) pressed hashish
734:Marijuana vending machine
26:
4663:Preparations of cannabis
4587:Endocannabinoid enhancer
4451:Hemp Farming Act of 2018
4386:Timeline of cannabis law
4311:Bootleggers and Baptists
3578:Cannabis product testing
2332:"The History Of Hashish"
1042:Cannabis in South Africa
929:Timeline of cannabis law
198:Narcotic Schedule I
3988:List of cannabis hoaxes
3448:Industrial applications
3384:Altered States Database
2957:"Cannabis drug profile"
2749:Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud.
2191:. Springer. p. 8.
1902:Manufacturing processes
1880:orthostatic hypotension
1845:altered feeling in the
1614:Les paradis artificiels
1057:Drug policy of Portugal
4531:Kyllo v. United States
4523:Leary v. United States
4336:Global Marijuana March
3913:Endocannabinoid system
3881:Amotivational syndrome
3686:List of hemp varieties
3464:Autoflowering cannabis
1959:
1928:
1839:poor short-term memory
1835:
1789:
1744:(CBN), in addition to
1365:psychoactive substance
1316:
1090:Autoflowering cannabis
453:Synthetic cannabinoids
119:tetrahydrocannabivarin
4288:Annual use by country
3891:Cannabis use disorder
3886:Cannabis in pregnancy
3647:List of hemp products
3642:List of hemp diseases
3593:Medical cannabis card
2440:Biological Psychiatry
1954:
1918:
1860:impaired motor skills
1833:
1784:
1710:Hashish is made from
1574:Jacques-Joseph Moreau
1304:
572:Cannabinoid receptors
4341:Legality of cannabis
3983:Cannabis Social Club
3759:Cannabis concentrate
3215:on 11 November 2020.
3209:"The Birth of Rosin"
2092:Club des Hashischins
2072:Cannabis concentrate
2034:tetrahydrocannabinol
1864:cognitive impairment
1856:dry mouth and throat
1815:cannabis consumption
1746:tetrahydrocannabinol
1706:Substance properties
1621:wrote the 1857 book
1581:Club des Hashischins
1462:improve this article
1420:tetrahydrocannabinol
1047:Cannabis in Thailand
945:UN 2020 descheduling
924:Legality of cannabis
832:Flower essential oil
107:Tetrahydrocannabinol
4569:Drug liberalization
4351:Regulatory agencies
3956:Cannabis by Country
3619:Marijuana Anonymous
3438:Outline of cannabis
3261:The War on Drugs II
2584:Cannabis: A History
2525:www.druglibrary.org
2005:vacuum distillation
1777:Effects of cannabis
1593:Dr. Moreau de Tours
1211:Drug liberalization
1027:Cannabis by country
774:Gateway drug theory
494:Dimethylheptylpyran
211:Part of a series on
95:Indian Subcontinent
43: in) diameter
4060:Operation Overgrow
3809:Quasi-psychedelic
3799:Marihuana prensada
3550:Synthetic cannabis
3389:2020-11-27 at the
3338:The Hasheesh Eater
3245:2021-04-18 at the
2942:2016-03-03 at the
2921:2023-04-20 at the
2907:2021-09-11 at the
2626:2018-11-10 at the
1960:
1929:
1842:increased appetite
1836:
1790:
1771:Short-term effects
1624:The Hasheesh Eater
1605:Charles Baudelaire
1570:Louis Aubert-Roche
1539:In 1596, Dutchman
1317:
1262:Agriculture portal
1216:Illegal drug trade
1144:Cannabis ruderalis
996:Cannabis in Canada
896:Synthetic cannabis
151:: Unscheduled
102:Active ingredients
70:Cannabis ruderalis
4635:
4634:
4557:
4556:
4539:Gonzales v. Raich
4515:Ker v. California
4427:Return to class B
4415:2018 Cannabis Act
4271:
4270:
4055:KBUD-AM (defunct)
3928:Long-term effects
3805:Phytocannabinoids
3713:
3712:
3358:Marijuana Potency
3356:Starks, Michael.
2858:Neurotherapeutics
2696:Chapter on Bangue
2652:978-1-4422-5470-1
2594:978-1-4090-8489-1
2198:978-1-59259-947-9
2130:C. ruderalis
1916:
1669:COVID-19 pandemic
1589:Théophile Gautier
1521:—a corruption of
1515:Fatimid Caliphate
1494:
1493:
1486:
1359:form of powdered
1336:
1299:
1298:
1037:Cannabis in Spain
1032:Cannabis in Malta
779:Long term effects
606:
342:Phytocannabinoids
286:Latter-day Saints
206:
205:
195:
183:
171:
158:
150:
143:(Controlled drug)
138:
87:Geographic origin
4670:
4653:Cannabis smoking
4648:Cannabis culture
4625:
4624:
4612:
4611:
4301:
4088:
3977:Cannabis Culture
3918:Impaired driving
3908:Entourage effect
3742:Cannabis smoking
3692:Hemp for Victory
3573:Medical cannabis
3563:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3256:
3250:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3216:
3211:. Archived from
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3063:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3026:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2990:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2961:emcdda.europa.eu
2953:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2827:(in Norwegian).
2816:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2755:
2746:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2636:
2630:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2266:Monograph Series
2257:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2159:
2149:
2133:
2122:
2077:Cannabis culture
2066:
2061:
2060:
1986:to dissolve the
1917:
1641:Basedow syndrome
1619:Fitz Hugh Ludlow
1609:Honoré de Balzac
1489:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1446:
1438:
1422:(THC) and other
1350:
1348:[ħæʃiːʃ]
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1236:
604:
601:Endocannabinoids
227:
208:
193:
190:
181:
178:
169:
166:
157:
154:
149:
146:
136:
133:
77:Part(s) of plant
42:
41:
37:
31:
19:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4606:
4598:
4553:
4502:
4463:
4457:
4400:
4394:
4346:Internationally
4316:Cannabis rights
4292:
4267:
4241:
4092:Cannabis rights
4079:
3942:
3923:Time perception
3867:
3725:Cannabis edible
3709:
3623:
3554:
3452:
3429:
3424:
3391:Wayback Machine
3375:
3321:
3319:Further reading
3316:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3247:Wayback Machine
3238:
3234:
3217:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3101:on 12 June 2011
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3074:on 28 June 2011
3065:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3012:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2944:Wayback Machine
2934:Alchimia Blog,
2933:
2929:
2923:Wayback Machine
2912:tandfonline.org
2909:Wayback Machine
2899:
2895:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2834:
2832:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2800:
2798:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2686:Hakluyt Society
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2653:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2628:Wayback Machine
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2595:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:Russo, Ethan.
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2336:druglibrary.org
2330:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2303:"What is Hash?"
2301:
2300:
2296:
2279:
2277:
2260:EMCDDA (2008).
2259:
2258:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2082:Cannabis (drug)
2064:Cannabis portal
2062:
2055:
2052:
2025:
1908:
1904:
1779:
1773:
1708:
1685:
1683:European market
1601:Alexandre Dumas
1534:Mongol invasion
1490:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1459:
1447:
1436:
1343:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1260:
1250:Medicine portal
1248:
1239:Cannabis portal
1234:
1226:
1225:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1173:Charlotte's web
1139:Cannabis indica
1134:Cannabis sativa
1085:
1077:
1076:
919:Cannabis rights
914:
906:
905:
812:
804:
803:
799:Time perception
749:
739:
738:
694:
686:
685:
646:
636:
635:
566:
558:
557:
336:
328:
327:
246:
245:
202:
64:Cannabis indica
58:Cannabis sativa
53:Source plant(s)
48:
39:
35:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3802:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3580:
3569:
3567:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3374:
3373:External links
3371:
3370:
3369:
3354:
3341:
3335:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3284:
3277:
3251:
3232:
3199:
3161:(3): 416–423.
3141:
3127:. 2010-03-31.
3112:
3085:
3055:
3046:
3010:
2978:
2948:
2927:
2914:. p. 182-190.
2893:
2844:
2811:
2777:
2734:
2721:
2700:
2670:
2651:
2631:
2612:
2593:
2573:
2567:Usaybia, Abu;
2560:
2541:
2512:
2483:
2446:(7): 613–619.
2426:
2411:
2381:
2352:
2323:
2309:. 2020-06-25.
2294:
2215:
2197:
2177:
2170:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2051:
2048:
2024:
2021:
2001:essential oils
1903:
1900:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1875:fast heartbeat
1872:
1870:blood-shot eye
1867:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1772:
1769:
1707:
1704:
1684:
1681:
1492:
1491:
1450:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
992:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
921:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
877:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
846:
845:
844:
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
608:
607:
596:
595:
592:
591:
586:
580:
579:
576:
575:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
513:
512:
511:
506:
496:
491:
486:
485:
484:
474:
473:
472:
461:
460:
457:
456:
448:
447:
444:
443:
437:
436:
433:
432:
426:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
391:
379:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
367:
366:
365:
350:
349:
346:
345:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
294:
293:
288:
283:
273:
268:
263:
258:
247:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
232:
229:
228:
220:
219:
213:
212:
204:
203:
201:
200:
188:
176:
164:
152:
144:
130:
128:
122:
121:
104:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
54:
50:
49:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4675:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4433:Law No. 19172
4430:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4084:Organizations
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Essential oil
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3677:rolling paper
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3366:0-915904-27-6
3363:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:0-306-40496-6
3349:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:0-929349-05-9
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3278:1-55934-016-9
3274:
3270:
3266:
3265:Mountain View
3262:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3100:
3096:
3095:"Bubble Hash"
3089:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3036:on 2021-01-22
3035:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3000:on 2019-08-01
2999:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2671:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:0-929349-05-9
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:10.2810/13807
2288:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2171:9781878823236
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1565:O’Shaughnessy
1561:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:Ibn Taymiyyah
1527:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1488:
1485:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1451:This section
1449:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1303:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Acapulco Gold
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Legal history
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
955:
952:
951:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
808:
807:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:
743:
742:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
690:
689:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
640:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
603:
602:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
569:
568:
562:
561:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Levonantradol
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:THC-O-acetate
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
396:
392:
390:
388:
384:
383:
381:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
332:
331:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Spiritual use
301:
299:
296:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
256:
252:
249:
248:
242:
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
210:
209:
199:
189:
187:
177:
175:
165:
162:
153:
145:
142:
132:
131:
129:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
71:
66:
65:
60:
59:
55:
51:
46:
30:
25:
20:
4614:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4481:of Minnesota
4407:Treaty law:
4372:In the U.S.
4276:Demographics
4140:Dagga Couple
4022:
3998:Competitions
3975:
3821:
3813:
3798:
3773:
3735:Cannabis tea
3702:
3690:
3614:Drug testing
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3357:
3343:
3337:
3324:
3305:. Retrieved
3296:
3287:
3260:
3254:
3235:
3213:the original
3202:
3191:. Retrieved
3158:
3154:
3144:
3133:. Retrieved
3124:
3115:
3103:. Retrieved
3099:the original
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3049:
3038:. Retrieved
3034:the original
3002:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2969:. Retrieved
2960:
2951:
2935:
2930:
2911:
2896:
2864:(4): 731–4.
2861:
2857:
2847:
2839:
2833:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2805:
2799:. Retrieved
2790:
2780:
2769:. Retrieved
2757:
2729:
2724:
2710:
2703:
2680:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2641:
2634:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2583:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2533:. Retrieved
2524:
2515:
2504:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2393:
2384:
2373:. Retrieved
2364:
2355:
2344:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2315:. Retrieved
2306:
2297:
2278:. Retrieved
2269:
2265:
2207:. Retrieved
2187:
2180:
2155:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2045:
2042:cannabinoids
2026:
2017:
2014:
2010:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1938:Central Asia
1930:
1920:
1905:
1885:
1819:
1791:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1735:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:Hippie Trail
1649:
1633:dysmenorrhea
1629:
1622:
1612:
1578:
1562:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1522:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1480:
1471:
1460:Please help
1455:verification
1452:
1428:
1424:cannabinoids
1413:
1408:concentrates
1405:
1352:
1319:
1318:
1206:Drug culture
1154:
1122:
1100:
1001:Cannabis Act
836:
764:Drug testing
599:
570:
565:Pharmacology
553:WIN 55,212-2
451:
429:
394:
386:
340:
266:Magu (deity)
126:Legal status
68:
62:
56:
4578:Substances
4507:Legal cases
4464:and parties
4462:Politicians
4399:Major legal
4075:Video games
4040:Restaurants
4017:Stoner film
3509:Cultivation
3504:Consumption
2825:Aftenposten
2688:. pp.
2663:25 December
2605:25 December
2029:adulterants
1925:Uttarakhand
1740:(CBD), and
1738:cannabidiol
1712:cannabinoid
1597:Victor Hugo
1373:Afghanistan
1305:1.5 grams (
1221:Psychedelia
1188:Sour Diesel
1183:Malawi Gold
983:Non-medical
714:Social Club
704:Cultivation
644:Consumption
631:Virodhamine
543:MDMB-CHMICA
318:Stoner rock
313:Stoner film
111:cannabidiol
4658:Entheogens
4642:Categories
4024:High Times
3754:Vaporizing
3637:Hanfparade
3307:2020-06-09
3193:2017-07-01
3135:2016-05-28
3040:2021-10-18
3004:2021-10-18
2860:(Review).
2835:2022-07-18
2801:2022-07-18
2771:2017-07-01
2535:2014-01-09
2506:2020-10-05
2375:2020-10-05
2365:MERRY JANE
2346:2020-10-05
2317:2020-10-05
2280:2017-06-29
2209:2016-08-02
2108:References
1988:lipophilic
1775:See also:
1742:cannabinol
1720:cultivated
1357:compressed
1023:Elsewhere
754:Dependence
719:Grow house
699:Coffeeshop
621:Anandamide
362:Dronabinol
186:Schedule I
115:cannabinol
91:South Asia
47:for scale.
45:U.S. penny
4476:of the US
4431:Uruguay:
4419:Germany:
4321:Activists
4170:GLM India
4070:Stoner TV
4050:Head shop
4008:Etiquette
4003:Cookbooks
3971:Budtender
3652:hempcrete
3588:In the US
3535:marijuana
3484:ruderalis
3297:Lumir Lab
3175:0955-3959
2460:0006-3223
2394:drugs.com
2390:"Hashish"
2139:Citations
2126:varieties
2113:Footnotes
1956:Trichomes
1798:vaporizer
1716:trichomes
1653:rembetika
1637:pertussis
1568:In 1840,
1563:In 1839,
1524:hashishin
1519:Assassins
1474:June 2019
1361:marijuana
1333:romanized
874:Hempcrete
794:Pregnancy
729:Head shop
724:Grow shop
693:Economics
335:Chemistry
4627:Category
4615:Cannabis
4547:ADPF 187
4486:of Spain
4413:Canada:
4297:Politics
4065:Smoke-in
4035:Religion
3791:Tincture
3779:Hash oil
3718:Variants
3523:cannabis
3514:Glossary
3470:Cannabis
3427:Cannabis
3387:Archived
3325:Hashish!
3301:Archived
3243:Archived
3240:Zamnesia
3221:cite web
3187:Archived
3183:24507440
3129:Archived
3125:Fox News
2965:Archived
2940:Archived
2919:Archived
2905:Archived
2888:26202343
2829:Archived
2795:Archived
2762:Archived
2657:Archived
2624:Archived
2599:Archived
2529:Archived
2500:Archived
2478:26903403
2398:Archived
2369:Archived
2340:Archived
2311:Archived
2274:Archived
2203:Archived
2102:Hemp oil
2097:Hash oil
2050:See also
2038:hash oil
1993:hash oil
1974:such as
1921:cannabis
1892:paranoia
1826:euphoria
1750:sedative
1728:screened
1585:Parisian
1401:Pakistan
1112:Cannabis
1084:Variants
973:Timeline
963:Legality
901:Tincture
784:Medicine
548:SR144528
489:Nabilone
482:CP-55940
298:Smoke-in
276:Religion
217:Cannabis
161:Anlage I
81:Trichome
4562:Related
4401:reforms
4304:General
4246:Science
3993:Columns
3948:Culture
3873:Effects
3824:-10-THC
3774:Hashish
3657:jewelry
3607:Chalice
3583:History
3566:General
3545:Strains
3457:General
3105:22 June
3078:22 June
2879:4604179
2791:Reuters
2496:NPR.org
2469:4987131
2023:Quality
1976:ethanol
1972:solvent
1927:, India
1923:resin,
1888:anxiety
1806:tobacco
1761:myrcene
1657:Morocco
1434:History
1397:Morocco
1393:Lebanon
1369:tobacco
1363:. As a
1355:, is a
1335::
1324:Persian
1320:Hashish
1310:⁄
1200:Related
1156:Strains
1123:Species
978:Medical
869:Protein
837:Hashish
759:Driving
747:Effects
661:Smoking
656:Edibles
531:JWH-133
526:JWH-073
521:JWH-018
470:AM-2201
397:-10-THC
291:Sikhism
281:Judaism
241:Culture
174:Class B
159::
38:⁄
22:Hashish
4617:portal
4550:(2011)
4542:(2005)
4534:(2001)
4526:(1969)
4518:(1963)
4263:ICEERS
4205:France
4045:Sports
3845:Other
3816:-8-THC
3769:Charas
3491:sativa
3477:indica
3364:
3350:
3331:
3275:
3181:
3173:
2971:19 May
2886:
2876:
2807:rates.
2649:
2591:
2555:
2476:
2466:
2458:
2404:19 May
2307:Leafly
2195:
2168:
2087:Charas
1984:hexane
1980:butane
1934:charas
1847:senses
1802:joints
1724:pollen
1689:EMCDDA
1583:was a
1554:Gmelin
1511:Nizari
1503:charas
1399:, and
827:Charas
789:Memory
671:Vaping
651:Drinks
509:HU-331
504:HU-210
389:-8-THC
382:Minor
308:Sports
196:
184:
172:
139:
4222:SAFER
4200:NORML
4160:FAAAT
4155:ENCOD
4130:CLEAR
4030:Music
4013:Films
3966:Books
3899:(CHS)
3893:(CUD)
3822:delta
3814:delta
3747:Joint
3730:Bhang
3672:paper
3559:Usage
3539:slang
3531:ganja
3527:dagga
3519:Names
2765:(PDF)
2754:(PDF)
2692:–117.
2272:(1).
2124:Pure
1997:waxes
1896:panic
1786:Sebsi
1546:bhang
1498:India
1381:India
1377:Egypt
1339:ḥašiš
1101:Genus
891:Roach
881:Joint
822:Blunt
817:Bhang
811:Forms
395:delta
387:delta
364:(INN)
353:Main
323:Terms
271:Names
261:Books
4437:US:
4425:UK:
4258:ICRS
4253:IACM
4237:VMCA
4232:SSDP
4195:NCIA
4185:MAPS
4180:LEAP
4145:DFCR
4110:AMMA
4105:ALCP
3859:CBDP
3854:CBDH
3839:THCP
3834:THCH
3786:Kief
3662:milk
3629:Hemp
3362:ISBN
3348:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3273:ISBN
3227:link
3179:PMID
3171:ISSN
3107:2011
3080:2011
2973:2017
2884:PMID
2665:2017
2647:ISBN
2607:2017
2589:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2474:PMID
2456:ISSN
2406:2017
2193:ISBN
2166:ISBN
1999:and
1894:and
1794:bong
1731:kief
1607:and
1389:Iraq
1385:Iran
1353:hash
1344:IPA:
1328:حشیش
1178:Kush
886:Kief
859:Milk
854:Beer
849:Hemp
709:Shop
626:NADA
616:2-AG
417:CBDP
412:CBDH
407:THCP
402:THCH
255:chan
237:Arts
4227:SCC
4190:MPP
4175:GMM
4165:FCA
4150:DPA
4135:CRC
4125:CBN
4120:CAN
4115:ASA
4100:ACT
3961:420
3849:CBD
3829:THC
3667:oil
3163:doi
2874:PMC
2866:doi
2716:116
2690:115
2464:PMC
2448:doi
2287:doi
2128:of
1982:or
1810:THC
1800:or
1464:by
913:Law
864:Oil
842:Oil
666:Tea
516:JWH
370:CBD
357:THC
251:420
4644::
4215:UK
4210:NZ
3537:,
3533:,
3529:,
3525:,
3299:.
3295:.
3269:CA
3267:,
3263:.
3223:}}
3219:{{
3185:.
3177:.
3169:.
3159:25
3157:.
3153:.
3123:.
3058:^
3013:^
2981:^
2963:.
2959:.
2882:.
2872:.
2862:12
2856:.
2838:.
2823:.
2804:.
2793:.
2789:.
2760:.
2756:.
2737:^
2718:–.
2655:.
2597:.
2544:^
2527:.
2523:.
2498:.
2494:.
2472:.
2462:.
2454:.
2444:79
2442:.
2438:.
2396:.
2392:.
2367:.
2363:.
2338:.
2334:.
2305:.
2268:.
2264:.
2218:^
2201:.
2164:.
2162:12
1978:,
1898:.
1890:,
1817:.
1796:,
1752:.
1647:.
1635:,
1603:,
1599:,
1595:,
1591:,
1560:.
1506:.
1403:.
1395:,
1391:,
1387:,
1383:,
1379:,
1375:,
1342:,
1330:,
1326::
1312:16
499:HU
477:CP
465:AM
192:UN
180:US
168:UK
156:DE
148:CA
141:S8
135:AU
117:,
113:,
109:,
93:,
67:,
61:,
4019:)
4015:(
3541:)
3521:(
3419:e
3412:t
3405:v
3368:.
3310:.
3281:.
3229:)
3196:.
3165::
3138:.
3109:.
3082:.
3043:.
3007:.
2975:.
2890:.
2868::
2774:.
2698:.
2667:.
2609:.
2538:.
2509:.
2480:.
2450::
2408:.
2378:.
2349:.
2320:.
2289::
2283:.
2270:8
2212:.
2174:.
1991:"
1828:)
1526:,
1487:)
1481:(
1476:)
1472:(
1458:.
1322:(
1308:1
1290:e
1283:t
1276:v
257:)
253:(
194::
182::
170::
137::
40:4
36:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
