Hattusa - Knowledge (XXG)

675:(Deutsches Archäologisches Institut) and lasted 9 seasons until being suspended due to the outbreak of WWII in 1939. Excavation resumed in 1952 under Bittel with Peter Neve replacing as field director in 1963 and as director in 1978, continuing until 1993. The focus was on the Upper City area. Publication of tablets was resumed in the KUB and KBo. In 1994 Jürgen Seeher assumed control of the excavation, leading there until 2005, with the focus on the Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas including economic and residential spaces. From 2006 on, while some archaeology continued under new director Andreas Schachner, activities have been more focused toward restoration and preparation for tourist operations. 570: 530: 703:. It is held at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara. During 1991 repair work at the site a Mycenae bronze sword was found on the western slope. It was inscribed, in Akkadian, "As Duthaliya the Great King shattered the Assuwa-Country he dedicated these swords to the Storm-God, his lord". Another significant find during the 1990-91 excavation season in the "Westbau" building of the upper city, was 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps dating from the 2nd half of the 13th century BC. They were primarily associated with land documents. 115: 92: 108: 679: 586: 453: 767: 411: 578: 558: 403: 1912: 1900: 712: 496: 23: 639:(DOG), finding 35 more cuneiform tablet fragments at the site of the royal fortress, Büyükkale. Winckler began actual excavations in 1906, focusing mainly on the royal fortress area. Thousands of tablets were recovered, most in the then unreadable Hittite language. The few Akkadian texts firmly identified the site as Hattusa. Winckler returned in 1907 (with 597:(1802–1871) was sent on an exploratory mission to Turkey, where in 1834 he discovered monumental ruins near the town of Boğazköy. Texier made topographical measurements, produced illustrations, and composed a preliminary site plan. The site was subsequently visited by a number of European travelers and explorers, most notably the German geographer 538:

cemeteries, most of which contain cremation burials. Modern estimates put the population of the city arround 10,000; in the early period, the inner city housed a third of that number. The dwelling houses that were built with timber and mud bricks have vanished from the site, leaving only the stone-built walls of temples and palaces.

545:. Excavations suggest that Hattusa was gradually abandoned over a period of several decades as the Hittite empire disintegrated. It has been suggested that a regional drought occurred at that time. Still, signs of final destruction by fire have been noted. The site was subsequently abandoned until 800 BC, when a modest 537:

To the south lay an outer city of about 1 km (250 acres), with elaborate gateways decorated with reliefs showing warriors, lions, and sphinxes. Four temples were located here, each set around a porticoed courtyard, together with secular buildings and residential structures. Outside the walls are

719:

Forty mercantile documents written in the Old Assyrian dialect of Akkadian were found in the early 2nd millennium BC karum. By the middle of the 2nd millennium a scribal community had grown up in Hattusa based on Syrian, Mesopotamian, and Hurrian input. This included the usual range of Akkadian and

1112:

Texier, Charles, "Rapport lu, le 15 mai 1835, à l'Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres de l'Institut, sur un envoi fait par M. Texier, et contenant les dessins de bas-reliefs découverts par lui près du village de Bogaz-Keui, dans l'Asie mineure" . Journal des Savants (in French), pp.

1169:

Crüsemann, Nicola, "Vom Zweistromlandzum Kupfergraben.Vorgeschichte und Entstehungsjahre (1899–1918) der Vorderasiatischen Abteilung der Berliner Museen vorfach-und kulturpolitischen Hintergründen, Jahrbuchder, Berliner Museen 42, Beiheft(Berlin:Gebr.MannVerlag),

615:

opened some trial trenches at the village then called Boğazköy, in 1893–94, with excavations being cut short by a cholera outbreak. Significantly Chantre discovered some fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform. The fragments contain text in both the

526:, was built on a high ridge now known as Büyükkale (Great Fortress). The city displayed over 6 km (3.7 mi) of walls, with inner and outer skins around 3 m of thick and 2 m of space between them, adding 8 m of the total thickness. 1188:

Seeher, J, "Die Adresse ist: poste restante Yozgat Asie Mineure", Momentaufnahmen der Grabungskampagne 1907 in Boğazköy. In: J. Klinger, E. Rieken, C. Rüster (eds.), Investigationes Anatolicae: Gedenkschrift für Erich Neu, Wiesbaden, pp. 253-270,

690:

During the 1986 excavations a large (35 × 24 cm, 5 kg in weight, with 2 attached chains) inscribed metal tablet was discovered 35 meters west of the Sphinx Gate. The tablet, from the 13th century BC, contained a treaty between Hittite

1159:

Boissier, Alfred, "Fragments de tablettes couvertes de caractères cunéiformes, recueillies par M. Chantre et communiqués par M. Menant", Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 39 (4), pp. 348‒360,

1131:

Perrot, Georges, Edmond Guillaume, and Jules Delbet 1872, "Exploration archéologique de la Galatie et de la Bithynie, d’ une partiede la Mysie, de la Phrigie,de la Cappadoce et duPontexécutéeen 1861", Volumes I-II, Paris:Firmin Didot,

1198:

Alaura, Silvia, "NachBoghasköy!” Zur Vorgeschichte der Ausgrabungen in Boghazköy-Hattušaund zu denarchäologischen Forschungenbis zum Ersten Weltkrieg Darstellung und Dokumente, 13. SendschriftDOG, Berlin:Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft,

1231:

Bittel, Kurt, "Reisen und Ausgrabungen in Ägypten, Kleinasien,Bulgarien und Griechenland 1930–1934", Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur Mainz, Jg. 1998, Nr.5, Stuttgart:Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998

1527:

Weeden, Mark, "Back to the 13th or 12th Century BC?: The SÜDBURG Inscription at Boğazköy-Hattuša", in Devecchi, Elena and De Martino, Stefano - Anatolia between the 13th and the 12th century BCE, pp. 473–496,

1468:

Kloekhorst, Alwin and Waal, Willemijn, "A Hittite Scribal Tradition Predating the Tablet Collections of Ḫattuša?", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 189–203,

950:

Glatz, Claudia, and Roger Matthews, "Anthropology of a Frontier Zone: Hittite-Kaska Relations in Late Bronze Age North-Central Anatolia", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 339, pp. 47–65,

1475:

Plerallini, Sibilla, "Observations on the Lower City of Hattusa: a comparison between the epigraphic sources and the archaeological documentation", Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 325–358,

385:

brought attention to the ruins after his visit in 1834. Over the following century, sporadic exploration occurred, involving different archaeologists. In the 20th century, the German Oriental Society and the

8108: 1354:

van den Hout, Theo, "Seals and Sealing Practices in Hatti-Land: Remarks À Propos the Seal Impressions from the 'Westbau' in Ḫattuša", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 339–48,

1300:

Schachner, Andreas, "Hattusa andits Environs: Archaeology", in Hittite Landscape and Geography, Handbuch der Orientalistik I/121, eds. MarkWeeden, and Lee Z. Ullmann, Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 37‒49, 2017

1103:

Texier,Charles, "Description de l’ Asie Mineure, faite par ordre du Gouvernement Français de 1833 à 1837,et publiée parle ministre de l’ Instruction publique", Volumes I-III, Paris:Firmin-Didot, 1839-1849

1150:

Alaura, Silvia, "Rediscovery and Reception of the Hittites: An Overview", Handbook Hittite Empire: Power Structures, edited by Stefano de Martino, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, pp. 693-780, 2022

1533:

The Hittite Capital Hattusa, Alacahöyük and Shapinuwa: A Journey to the Hittite World In Hattusa, Alacahöyük, Shapinuwa, Eskiapar, Hüseyindede, Pazarlı and the Museums of Boğazköy, Alacahöyük and Çorum

8103: 905:

Martino, Stefano de, "Hatti: From Regional Polity to Empire", Handbook Hittite Empire: Power Structures, edited by Stefano de Martino, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, pp. 205-270, 2022

1122:

Barth,Heinrich, "Reise von Trapezunt durch die nördliche Hälfte Klein-Asiens nach Scutariim Herbst 1858", Ergänzungsheft zu Petermann's geograph, Mittheilungen 3, Gotha:Justus Perthes, 1860

507:

At its peak, the city covered 1.8 km (440 acres) and comprised an inner and outer portion, both surrounded by a massive and still visible course of walls erected during the reign of

1645: 605:

excavated at the site in 1861 and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya. Perrot was the first to suggest, in 1886, that Boğazköy was the Hittite capital of Hattusa. In 1882 German engineer

1950: 8128: 896:

Hopkins, David C., "Across the Anatolian Plateau: Readings in the Archaeology of Ancient Turkey", The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 57, pp. v–209, 2000

8123: 8118: 1465:

Gordin, Shai, "The Tablet and its Scribe: Between Archival and Scribal Spaces in Late Empire Period Ḫattusa", Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 177–198, 2011

1519:

Torri, Giulia, "The phrase ṬUPPUURUḪatti in Colophons from Ḫattuša and the Work of the Scribe Ḫanikkuili", Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 135–144, 2011

1345:

Cline, E. H., "Aššuwa and the Achaeans: The 'Mycenaean' Sword at Hattušas and Its Possible Implications", The Annual of the British School at Athens, vol. 91, pp. 137–51, 1996

754:

Although the 30,000 or so clay tablets recovered from Hattusa form the main corpus of Hittite literature, archives have since appeared at other centers in Anatolia, such as

727:, consisting of official correspondence and contracts, as well as legal codes, procedures for cult ceremony, oracular prophecies and literature of the ancient Near East. 522:)). The inner city covered an area of some 0.8 km (200 acres) and was occupied by a citadel with large administrative buildings and temples. The royal residence, or 1327:

Zimmermann, Thomas, et al., "The Metal Tablet from Boğazköy-Hattuša: First Archaeometric Impressions*", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 225–29, 2010

1522:

Torri, Giulia, "The Goldsmith Zuzu(l)li and the Find-spots of the Inventory Texts from Ḫattuša", Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 43, no. 1–2, pp. 147–156, 2016

433:

A carbonized layer apparent in excavations attests to the burning and ruin of the city of Hattusa around 1700 BC. The responsible party appears to have been King

723:

One of the most important discoveries at the site has been the cuneiform royal archives of clay tablets from the Hittite Empire New Kingdom period, known as the

422:

established a settlement on locations that had been occupied even earlier and referred to the site as Hattush. In the 19th and 18th centuries BC, merchants from

1883: 1384:

Viano, M., "Sumerian Literary and Magical Texts from Hattuša", Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post-Hittite World, Brill, pp. 189-205, 2023

1373:

Matthew T. Rutz, "Mesopotamian Scholarship in Ḫattuša and the Sammeltafel KUB 4.53", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 171–88, 2012

1070:

Manning, S.W., Kocik, C., Lorentzen, B. et al, "Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc", Nature 614, pp. 719–724, 2023

790:

from 1934 until it was moved to the Boğazköy Museum outside the Hattusa ruins, along with the Istanbul sphinx reuniting the pair near their original location.

1609: 1638: 1943: 418:

The earliest traces of settlement on the site are from the sixth millennium BC during the Chalcolithic period. Toward the end of the 3rd Millennium BC the

8133: 926: 460:

In the first half of the 2nd Millennium BC around the year 1650 BC the Hittite king Labarna moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa and took the name of

8113: 8093: 1631: 1257:

Jürgen Seeher, "Forty Years in the Capital of the Hittites: Peter Neve Retires from His Position as Director of the Ḫattuša-Boğazköy Excavations"

8138: 1002:

Fouilles archéologiques de la Ville Basse I (1935–1978): analyse de l'occupation de l'âge du Bronze de la Westterrasse / Néhémie Strupler

1936: 1654: 1438:

Bryce, Trevor, "Letters of the Great Kings of the Ancient Near East: The Royal Correspondence of the Late Bronze Age", London: Routledge, 2003

1282:

Seeher, Jürgen, "Büyükkaya II. Bauwerke und Befundeder Grabungskampagnen 1952–1955 und 1993–1998", Boğazköy-Hattuša 27, Berlin:de Gruyter, 2018

391: 1309:

Schachner, Andreas, "Die Ausgrabungen in Bogazköy-Hattusa 2018", Archäologischer Anzeiger. AA. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, no. 1, 2019

8148: 1959: 1017: 843: 1552: 1514:

Sacred Space: Shrine, City, Land: Proceedings of the International Conference in Memory of Joshua Prawer, Held in Jerusalem, 8–13 June 1992

1735: 1336:

Hansen, O., "A Mycenaean Sword from Boǧazköy-Hattusa Found in 1991", The Annual of the British School at Athens, vol. 89, pp. 213–15, 1994

492:

returned the seat to Hattusa, where the capital remained until the end of the Hittite kingdom in the 12th century BC (KBo 21.15 i 11–12).

1141:

Perrot,Georges, "Une civilisation retrouvée: les Hétéens, leur écriture et leur art", Revuedes Deux-Mondes74 (15 July), pp. 303‒342, 1886

8168: 863: 1364:

Beckman, Gary, "Mesopotamians and Mesopotamian Learning at Ḫattuša", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 35, no. 1/2, pp. 97–114, 1983

728: 8163: 1540: 1489: 1453: 1443: 1433: 1237: 1091: 935: 1318:

H. Otten, "Die Bronzetafel aus Boğazköy: Ein Staatsvertrag Tuthalijas IV", Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten, Beih. 1, Wiesbaden, 1988

8158: 2685: 107: 804: 672: 387: 6048: 987: 165: 914:

Bryce, Trevor R., "The Annals and Lost Golden Statue of the Hittite King Hattusili I" in Gephyra 16, pp. 1-12, November 2018

874:

Hawkins, David, "Writing in Anatolia: Imported and Indigenous Systems", World Archaeology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 363–76, 1986

4757: 3080: 1591: 969:

Güterbock, Hans G., "New Excavations at’ Boghazköy, Capital of the Hittites", Archaeology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 211–16, 1953

799: 7907: 6533: 3988: 1845: 1823: 783: 636: 7897: 6741: 1472:

Larsen, Mogens Trolle, "A Revolt against Hattuša", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 100–01, 1972

732: 430:(Neša) (modern Kültepe) established a trading post there, setting up in their own separate quarter of the lower city. 1291:

Schachner, Andreas, "Hattuscha.Auf der Such enach dem sagenhaften Großreich der Hethiter", München: C. H. Beck, 2011

5343: 5115: 4311: 1799: 1606: 1393: 569: 5803: 5733: 809: 36: 529: 366: 7797: 7462: 4516: 3255: 3025: 2250: 309: 40: 1586: 1273:

P. Neve, "Boğazköy-Hattusha — New Results of the Excavations in the Upper City", Anatolica, 16, pp. 7–19, 1990

1179:

Winckler, Hugo, "Nach Boghasköi! Ein nachgelassenes Fragment", Der Alte Orient XIV/3, Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1913

8153: 8143: 7802: 7006: 6921: 5072: 4591: 4263: 4248: 3853: 3695: 2215: 2100: 1808: 1759: 1745: 1722: 8037: 7517: 6836: 5773: 5243: 4847: 4193: 3675: 2185: 1853: 1410: 1525: 1248:

Bittel, Kurt, "BOĞAZKÖY: The Excavations of 1967 and 1968", Archaeology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 276–79, 1969

1042: 7927: 7577: 7021: 6986: 6936: 6656: 5778: 4426: 3180: 3075: 2915: 2230: 700: 7977: 4641: 4276: 1516:. Edited by Benjamin Z. Kedar and R. J. Z. Werblowsky, 32–44. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998 1405: 659:). Work stopped with the outbreak of WWI. Tablets from these excavations were published in two series 7627: 7056: 6981: 6916: 6791: 6641: 6418: 6053: 6043: 5623: 5548: 5338: 5328: 5278: 5238: 4651: 4626: 4556: 4153: 4143: 4078: 3913: 3813: 3440: 3305: 3190: 2200: 2155: 1794: 960:

Otten, Heinrich, "Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi 21 (Insbesondere Texte aus Gebäude A)", Berlin 1973

8042: 8007: 7922: 7917: 7887: 7787: 7722: 7472: 7412: 6961: 6851: 6636: 6488: 6303: 6203: 5958: 5738: 5558: 5173: 5158: 4912: 4727: 4203: 4103: 4088: 4018: 4008: 4003: 3903: 3510: 3505: 3240: 3020: 2495: 2490: 2065: 1980: 1618: 1576: 724: 683: 542: 285: 269: 91: 4436: 2815: 1730: 678: 671:

with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus. The work was under the auspices of the DOG and

8072: 7957: 7932: 7552: 7392: 7286: 7216: 6626: 6283: 6248: 5908: 5628: 5608: 5498: 5308: 5298: 5193: 5168: 4822: 4691: 4068: 3873: 3265: 3005: 2990: 2655: 2315: 2120: 836:

Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome

8017: 4752: 1587:

New Indo-European language discovered during excavation in Turkey - Phys.org September 21, 2023

1210: 585: 1566: 541:

The city was destroyed, together with the Hittite state itself, around 1200 BC, as part of the

8052: 8002: 7892: 7782: 7647: 7527: 7422: 7317: 7291: 7221: 7191: 6726: 6701: 6661: 6631: 6616: 6581: 6438: 6138: 6058: 5933: 5743: 5568: 5528: 5493: 5483: 5463: 5408: 5223: 5198: 5178: 5095: 4922: 4897: 4817: 4712: 4616: 4596: 4561: 4223: 4148: 3938: 3898: 3843: 3768: 3470: 3435: 3185: 3155: 2935: 2660: 2480: 2125: 2115: 1536: 1485: 1449: 1439: 1429: 1428:

Bryce, Trevor, "Life and Society in the Hittite World", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002

1233: 1087: 1013: 983: 931: 859: 858:

Bittel, Kurt, "Hattusha. The Capital of the Hittites", NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1970

839: 617: 139: 1482:

Hattuša-- Stadt der Götter und Tempel : neue Ausgrabungen in der Hauptstadt der Hethiter

692: 8098: 7417: 7312: 7307: 7296: 7266: 7141: 7081: 6946: 6806: 6323: 6293: 5993: 5843: 5818: 5683: 5643: 5633: 5603: 5578: 5468: 5448: 5443: 5208: 5057: 4867: 4471: 4376: 3998: 3828: 3803: 3793: 3745: 3625: 3370: 3365: 3250: 3220: 3165: 3050: 3035: 2875: 2735: 2670: 2665: 2560: 2430: 2405: 2225: 2175: 2130: 2105: 1699: 1448:

Bryce, Trevor, "The Kingdom of the Hittites" Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005

1382: 1023: 1005: 736: 656: 621: 519: 452: 81: 71: 30: 5753: 4233: 1460:

Untersuchungen zur Kulturgeschichte und Agrarökonomie im Einzugsbereich hethitischer Städte

814: 562: 445:"Whoever after me becomes king resettles Hattusas, let the Stormgod of the Sky strike him!" 7702: 7682: 7637: 7632: 7557: 7532: 7427: 7362: 7301: 7271: 7201: 7086: 7011: 6976: 6871: 6751: 6746: 6731: 6681: 6566: 6561: 6551: 6413: 6388: 6373: 6198: 5938: 5838: 5653: 5613: 5563: 5503: 5453: 5438: 5268: 4997: 4747: 4742: 4576: 4451: 4371: 4321: 3725: 3490: 3430: 3395: 3350: 3315: 3225: 3130: 2940: 2840: 2420: 2180: 2135: 1916: 1613: 787: 782:

in 1917. The better-preserved was returned to Turkey in 1924 and placed on display in the

652: 577: 500: 7972: 7947: 7432: 6996: 1862: 1502:. Edited by David C. Hopkins, 77–97. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2002 766: 557: 410: 402: 7937: 7757: 7747: 7712: 7572: 7487: 7121: 7076: 7016: 6911: 6213: 6208: 6188: 6148: 6103: 6068: 6018: 5903: 5863: 5768: 5748: 5723: 5648: 5543: 5513: 5398: 5313: 5293: 5288: 5248: 5188: 5145: 5017: 4093: 3928: 3883: 3783: 3670: 3630: 3555: 3535: 3495: 3415: 3410: 2965: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2850: 2795: 2625: 2600: 2525: 2330: 2310: 2160: 2035: 2015: 1857: 1782: 744: 648: 640: 625: 612: 602: 598: 594: 508: 419: 390:

conducted systematic excavations, which continue to this day. Hattusa was added to the

382: 244: 8087: 7767: 7662: 7281: 7276: 7231: 7181: 7066: 6856: 6826: 6761: 6308: 5943: 5728: 5433: 5348: 5333: 5233: 5213: 4571: 4271: 4123: 3973: 3818: 3735: 3635: 3545: 3485: 3445: 3160: 3060: 3015: 2950: 2785: 2690: 2650: 2635: 2485: 2450: 2220: 2165: 2075: 2020: 1985: 1967: 1904: 1662: 779: 748: 644: 632: 485: 434: 5518: 7772: 7727: 7677: 7467: 7402: 7096: 6931: 6831: 6611: 6458: 6338: 6168: 6033: 5848: 5658: 5358: 5022: 4927: 4606: 4526: 4461: 4401: 4396: 4138: 3833: 3753: 3680: 3665: 3565: 3450: 3195: 3140: 2675: 1867: 477: 5080: 4852: 4291: 358: 135: 1623: 1512:

Singer, Itamar, "A City of Many Temples: H ̮attuša, Capital of the Hittites", In

885:

Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History

7962: 7877: 7827: 7657: 7582: 7502: 7492: 7352: 7106: 6841: 6801: 6796: 6646: 6343: 5978: 5833: 5808: 5183: 5052: 4932: 4887: 4631: 4431: 4366: 4346: 4118: 4013: 3788: 3720: 3580: 3380: 3235: 3170: 3045: 2885: 2730: 2460: 2335: 2265: 2110: 2005: 1928: 1670: 740: 668: 606: 489: 481: 469: 461: 375: 711: 495: 441:, who took credit for the act and erected an inscribed curse for good measure: 8047: 7942: 7847: 7807: 7752: 7667: 7607: 7537: 7357: 7342: 7337: 7327: 7206: 7186: 7061: 6891: 6781: 6463: 6408: 6358: 6353: 6288: 6263: 6253: 6243: 6233: 6228: 6178: 6158: 6123: 6078: 6028: 6008: 5968: 5828: 5703: 5693: 5508: 5413: 5393: 5273: 5105: 5090: 4917: 4787: 4696: 4681: 4636: 4546: 4481: 4351: 4158: 4058: 4033: 3610: 3570: 3500: 3475: 3390: 3065: 2970: 2830: 2790: 2755: 2680: 2465: 2385: 1749: 1712: 1680: 1571: 354: 234: 1071: 180: 167: 7987: 7882: 7832: 7812: 7792: 7777: 7762: 7617: 7612: 7587: 7567: 7457: 7407: 7377: 7256: 7161: 7136: 7116: 7101: 7041: 7026: 6941: 6821: 6686: 6666: 6606: 6586: 6546: 6541: 6433: 6378: 6333: 6258: 6238: 6183: 6173: 6128: 6093: 6073: 6063: 6038: 6013: 5998: 5988: 5973: 5898: 5893: 5883: 5823: 5763: 5758: 5673: 5663: 5618: 5488: 5478: 5423: 5388: 5323: 5027: 5002: 4977: 4902: 4807: 4737: 4717: 4707: 4536: 4531: 4501: 4476: 4466: 4446: 4421: 4341: 4316: 4296: 4286: 4213: 4188: 4168: 3763: 3705: 3655: 3650: 3620: 3615: 3575: 3560: 3515: 3375: 3300: 3150: 3120: 3070: 2975: 2890: 2720: 2640: 2620: 2510: 2445: 2375: 2285: 2145: 2095: 2010: 1684: 1535:. 1st edition. Istanbul: Uranus Photography Agency and Publishing Co., 2013 1264:.2, "Anatolian Archaeology: A Tribute to Peter Neve" (June 1995), pp. 63-67. 1027: 523: 468:

arrived to the kingdom's north, they twice attacked the city and under king

449:

though in fact the city was rebuilt afterward, possibly by a son of Anitta.

8022: 1500:

Across the Anatolian Plateau: Readings in the Archaeology of Ancient Turkey

1215:

Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres

1596: 8027: 8012: 7867: 7857: 7837: 7822: 7652: 7602: 7597: 7542: 7507: 7442: 7397: 7176: 7166: 7151: 7126: 6956: 6951: 6881: 6811: 6776: 6766: 6756: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6676: 6601: 6591: 6556: 6518: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6473: 6443: 6428: 6403: 6383: 6348: 6313: 6273: 6223: 6143: 6083: 6003: 5983: 5953: 5948: 5878: 5873: 5798: 5783: 5718: 5708: 5593: 5588: 5553: 5538: 5473: 5428: 5403: 5378: 5353: 5228: 5163: 5100: 5042: 4962: 4937: 4872: 4842: 4837: 4802: 4792: 4777: 4762: 4722: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4646: 4541: 4506: 4496: 4491: 4411: 4386: 4381: 4361: 4336: 4183: 4173: 4128: 4113: 3983: 3953: 3948: 3918: 3858: 3838: 3758: 3730: 3700: 3690: 3645: 3520: 3460: 3420: 3320: 3295: 3275: 3245: 3200: 2945: 2900: 2880: 2835: 2820: 2805: 2800: 2715: 2710: 2695: 2630: 2615: 2605: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2555: 2505: 2500: 2440: 2435: 2425: 2410: 2395: 2390: 2365: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2305: 2290: 2275: 2255: 2195: 2170: 2150: 2140: 2070: 2045: 2030: 2000: 1990: 1975: 1803: 1689: 1592:

Excavations at Hattusha: a project of the German Institute of Archaeology

1394:

Replica of Peace Treaty between Hattusilis and Ramses II - United Nations

499:

Reliefs and Hieroglyphs from Chamber 2 at Hattusa built and decorated by

473: 465: 350: 153: 1004:(in French, German, and Turkish). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 134. 8057: 8032: 7997: 7992: 7952: 7872: 7707: 7692: 7547: 7522: 7512: 7482: 7477: 7447: 7437: 7382: 7322: 7261: 7251: 7246: 7211: 7171: 7156: 7131: 7111: 7091: 7001: 6926: 6906: 6901: 6876: 6816: 6786: 6771: 6736: 6651: 6621: 6571: 6478: 6398: 6368: 6363: 6328: 6298: 6278: 6163: 6113: 6023: 5963: 5928: 5913: 5868: 5858: 5793: 5713: 5698: 5678: 5598: 5583: 5573: 5458: 5418: 5383: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5318: 5258: 5153: 5130: 5125: 5012: 4992: 4982: 4967: 4947: 4832: 4782: 4702: 4656: 4621: 4586: 4581: 4551: 4486: 4456: 4441: 4406: 4331: 4306: 4281: 4253: 4243: 4238: 4228: 4208: 4198: 4108: 4063: 4048: 3978: 3963: 3943: 3933: 3923: 3893: 3888: 3878: 3863: 3848: 3808: 3685: 3640: 3605: 3595: 3590: 3540: 3465: 3455: 3360: 3355: 3340: 3325: 3310: 3270: 3260: 3215: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3085: 3030: 3010: 2980: 2955: 2910: 2905: 2860: 2825: 2770: 2725: 2645: 2590: 2580: 2565: 2545: 2535: 2520: 2370: 2360: 2280: 2270: 2245: 2235: 2190: 2085: 2060: 2055: 2025: 1995: 1831: 1740: 1675: 1009: 755: 696: 546: 438: 423: 7982: 7967: 7862: 7852: 7742: 7737: 7717: 7697: 7687: 7672: 7622: 7452: 7387: 7367: 7332: 7226: 7146: 7051: 7046: 6971: 6966: 6886: 6866: 6861: 6846: 6696: 6691: 6596: 6576: 6523: 6513: 6483: 6468: 6453: 6393: 6318: 6218: 6193: 6133: 6118: 6108: 6098: 5788: 5688: 5668: 5638: 5533: 5283: 5263: 5253: 5135: 5110: 5062: 5047: 5007: 4987: 4972: 4957: 4942: 4907: 4892: 4882: 4877: 4857: 4827: 4812: 4797: 4772: 4767: 4732: 4686: 4676: 4611: 4601: 4566: 4416: 4391: 4356: 4326: 4178: 4163: 4098: 4073: 4043: 4023: 3968: 3958: 3908: 3868: 3823: 3798: 3778: 3773: 3715: 3710: 3585: 3530: 3525: 3480: 3425: 3405: 3400: 3385: 3335: 3330: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3210: 3205: 3175: 3125: 3055: 3040: 2985: 2960: 2895: 2870: 2865: 2855: 2845: 2810: 2780: 2775: 2760: 2550: 2540: 2515: 2470: 2455: 2415: 2400: 2380: 2340: 2300: 2295: 2260: 2240: 2210: 2090: 2050: 2040: 1835: 1601: 775: 427: 362: 298: 143: 49: 1213:[Some archaeological remarks on the topography of Hattusa]. 778:

found at the southern gate in Hattusa were taken for restoration to

786:, but the other remained in Germany where it was on display at the 581:

An artifact from the site of Hattusa is presented at Hattusa Museum

488:

as governor over Hattusa. In the mid-13th century BC Hittite ruler

8067: 8062: 7842: 7642: 7592: 7562: 7497: 7347: 7241: 7236: 7196: 7031: 6991: 6721: 6671: 6448: 6423: 6268: 5923: 5918: 5888: 5853: 5813: 5303: 5218: 5120: 5037: 5032: 4952: 4862: 4521: 4511: 4301: 4133: 4083: 4053: 4038: 4028: 3660: 3550: 3345: 3230: 3145: 3090: 3000: 2995: 2765: 2750: 2740: 2705: 2700: 2610: 2570: 2530: 2475: 2325: 2320: 2205: 2080: 1790: 1772: 765: 751:

as an example of the earliest known international peace treaties.

735:, details the terms of a peace settlement reached years after the 710: 677: 584: 576: 568: 556: 528: 494: 451: 409: 401: 1211:"Quelques remarques archéologiques sur la topographie de Hattuša" 7817: 7732: 7372: 7071: 7036: 6896: 6493: 6153: 6088: 5523: 5203: 4218: 3600: 3135: 2745: 1813: 1932: 1627: 5085: 1767: 1597:

Pictures of the old Hittite capital with links to other sites

628:

visited the site several times, finding a number of tablets.

1043:"From Hattusa to Carchemish: The latest on Hittite history" 1498:

Neve, Peter. “The Great Temple in Boğazköy-H ̮attuša.” In

1484:(2., erw. Aufl. ed.). Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern. 1509:

2 vols. By Amelie Kuhrt, 225–282. London: Routledge, 1994

8109:

Populated places disestablished in the 2nd millennium BC

1084:

Warriors of Anatolia: A Concise History of the Hittites

357:

during two distinct periods. Its ruins lie near modern

48:"Hattush" redirects here. For the biblical figure, see 1052:. Claremont, California: Regina Books. pp. 97–112 1050:

Current Issues in the History of the Ancient Near East

635:

conducted some soundings at Boğazköy on behalf of the

484:

but the king assigned his younger brother, the future

8104:

Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC

365:, (originally Boğazköy) within the great loop of the 65: 561:

Twelve Hittite gods of the Underworld in the nearby

7906: 6532: 5144: 5071: 4262: 3744: 1966: 1876: 1844: 1822: 1781: 1758: 1721: 1698: 1661: 316: 304: 294: 284: 276: 267: 255: 250: 240: 230: 217: 209: 204: 196: 159: 149: 130: 1607:Video of lecture at Oriental Institute on Boğazköy 1462:. (MDOG Berlin 132), 2000, 367–381. ISSN 0342-118X 743:, in 1259 or 1258 BC. A copy is on display in the 456:Hattusa city walls reconstructed, Hattusa, Turkey. 838:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 145. 686:, a monument believed to have religious origins 667:(KUB). Work resumed in 1931 under prehistorian 443: 980:The Compendium of Weapons, Armor & Castles 924:Cline, Eric H. (2021). "Of Arms and the Man". 5504:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus 1944: 1884:Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia 1639: 739:between the Hittites and the Egyptians under 58: 8: 8124:Archaeological sites of prehistoric Anatolia 8119:Archaeological sites in the Black Sea Region 978:Lewis, Leo Rich; Tenney, Charles R. (2010). 57: 8129:Buildings and structures in Çorum Province 5499:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus 1951: 1937: 1929: 1646: 1632: 1624: 1072:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y 930:. Princeton University Press. p. 32. 927:1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed 472:, the Hittites moved the capital north to 90: 56: 464:, the "one/man from Hattusa". After the 620:and what later was determined to be the 826: 41:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1809:Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex 1602:UNESCO World Heritage page for Hattusa 1507:The Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 BC. 758:(Maşat Höyük) and Sapinuwa (Ortaköy). 655:), and briefly in 1911 and 1912 (with 589:Large pottery at the excavation site. 315: 303: 293: 283: 275: 266: 7: 7928:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia) 6049:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese 609:completed a full plan of the site. 665:Keilschrift urkunden aus Boghazköi 593:In 1833, the French archaeologist 533:The Great Temple in the inner city 14: 8134:Former populated places in Turkey 1736:Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital 1505:Kuhrt, Amelie, "The Hittites" In 770:Sphinx Gate entrance of the city. 729:One particularly important tablet 549:settlement appeared in the area. 414:Sphinx Gate entrance of the city. 43: instead of cuneiform script. 1911: 1910: 1898: 503:, the last king of the Hittites. 113: 106: 21: 8114:1834 archaeological discoveries 1086:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 264. 805:Cities of the Ancient Near East 673:German Archaeological Institute 388:German Archaeological Institute 114: 96:The Lion Gate in the south-west 60: 8094:World Heritage Sites in Turkey 4758:Metropolis in northern Phrygia 3081:Metropolis in southern Phrygia 1655:World Heritage Sites in Turkey 1406:"Hattuşa reunites with sphinx" 1048:. In Chavalas, Mark W. (ed.). 731:, currently on display at the 661:Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazkoi 1: 1960:Ancient settlements in Turkey 800:Ancient settlements in Turkey 512: 280:Hattusha: the Hittite Capital 221: 16:Capital of the Hittite Empire 3989:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia 1577:Resources in other libraries 887:. New York: Routledge, 2006. 66: 8139:Geography of Çorum Province 7898:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus 6742:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing 3256:Panormus near Halicarnassus 784:Istanbul Archaeology Museum 733:Istanbul Archaeology Museum 8185: 8169:Capitals of former nations 5244:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus 1259:The Biblical Archaeologist 595:Félix Marie Charles Texier 392:UNESCO World Heritage Site 270:UNESCO World Heritage Site 59: 47: 8149:History of Çorum Province 7798:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia 6044:Neapolis on the Bosphorus 2251:Bargasa in northern Caria 1892: 1572:Resources in your library 1000:Néhémie Strupler (2022). 810:Short chronology timeline 720:Sumerian language texts. 573:Büyükkaya site in Hattusa 349:, was the capital of the 324: 263: 101: 89: 78: 8164:Late Bronze Age collapse 7803:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia 7007:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia 4592:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia 4249:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia 3026:Magnesia on the Maeander 707:Cuneiform royal archives 624:. Between 1901 and 1905 565:, a sanctuary of Hattusa 290:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv 8159:Hittite sites in Turkey 7933:Apamea on the Euphrates 7518:Philadelphia in Cilicia 6922:Dalisandus in Pamphylia 5494:Chelae on the Black Sea 3696:Tripolis on the Meander 2181:Astyra near Adramyttium 2101:Antioch on the Maeander 834:Gates, Charles (2011). 637:German Oriental Society 8038:Seleucia at the Zeugma 6657:Aphrodisias of Cilicia 6642:Antioch on the Pyramis 6622:Antioch on the Orontes 5199:Aianteion in the Troad 4189:Sebastopolis in Pontus 1082:Bryce, Trevor (2019). 1041:Beckman, Gary (2007). 982:. Nabu Press. p. 142. 771: 716: 687: 590: 582: 574: 566: 534: 504: 480:, they moved south to 457: 447: 415: 407: 29:This article contains 7923:Antioch in the Taurus 7628:Seleucia in Pamphylia 6917:Dalisandus in Isauria 6637:Antioch on the Cragus 5624:Dascylium in Bithynia 4154:Pteria in Paphlagonia 3441:Sebastopolis in Caria 3306:Philadelphia in Lydia 3251:Panormus near Miletus 2916:Laodicea on the Lycus 2231:Aureliopolis in Lydia 1846:Southeastern Anatolia 1612:11 April 2014 at the 1209:Bittel, Kurt (1983). 769: 714: 681: 588: 580: 572: 560: 532: 498: 455: 413: 405: 181:40.01972°N 34.61528°E 8008:Nicopolis in Cilicia 7888:Zenopolis in Isauria 6982:Eudocias (Pamphylia) 6852:Comana in Cappadocia 6489:Tricomia in Bithynia 5774:Helenopolis/Drepanum 4557:Eudocia (Cappadocia) 3884:Comana in the Pontus 3511:Stratonicea in Caria 3506:Stratonicea in Lydia 3191:Nysa on the Maeander 2496:Dios Hieron in Lydia 2491:Dios Hieron in Ionia 2201:Atarneus sub Pitanem 2186:Astyra near Pergamon 1746:Göreme National Park 1480:Neve, Peter (1992). 883:Hamblin, William J. 7393:Neapolis in Pisidia 7217:Limnae in Pamphylia 6877:Corycus (Kızkalesi) 5739:Hadriani ad Olympum 5674:Drizipara/Drusipara 5629:Dekaton in Bithynia 5194:Aianteion in Thrace 3076:Metropolis in Lydia 3021:Magnesia ad Sipylum 1854:Diyarbakır Fortress 1619:Photos from Hattusa 1458:W. Dörfler et al.: 1414:. 18 November 2011. 1411:Hürriyet Daily News 684:Hattusa Green Stone 543:Bronze Age collapse 177: / 122:Shown within Turkey 75: 7978:Hallan Çemi Tepesi 7893:Zenopolis in Lycia 6662:Apollonia in Lycia 6627:Antioch of Pisidia 6582:Anabura in Pisidia 6439:Tarsus in Bithynia 5934:Limnae in Bithynia 3874:Colonia in Armenia 3436:Sebaste in Phrygia 2661:Heraclea in Aeolis 2656:Heraclea at Latmus 2121:Apollonia Salbaces 2116:Apollonia in Mysia 1010:10.34780/V0E8-6UNA 772: 717: 688: 591: 583: 575: 567: 535: 505: 458: 416: 408: 277:Official name 186:40.01972; 34.61528 8081: 8080: 7783:Telmessos (Caria) 7222:Limnae in Pisidia 7082:Isinda in Pisidia 6632:Antiochia Lamotis 5684:Elaea in Bithynia 5634:Dekaton in Thrace 4713:Laodicea Combusta 4597:Heraclea Cybistra 4562:Eudocia (Phrygia) 4149:Prusias ad Hypium 3371:Polichne in Ionia 3366:Polichna in Ionia 2936:Larissa Phrikonis 2666:Heraclea in Lydia 2106:Apamea in Phrygia 1926: 1925: 1905:Turkey portal 1553:Library resources 1019:978-3-447-11942-9 845:978-0-203-83057-4 618:Akkadian language 328: 327: 213:6th millennium BC 37:rendering support 8176: 7533:Phoenix in Lycia 7272:Malus in Pisidia 6947:Elaiussa Sebaste 5939:Limnae in Thrace 5604:Daphne Mainomene 5469:Cenon Gallicanon 5209:Alexandria Troas 5073:Eastern Anatolia 4748:Malus in Phrygia 4743:Malus in Galatia 4264:Central Anatolia 4054:Laodicea Pontica 4019:Hüseyindede Tepe 3999:Heraclea Pontica 3626:Thebe Hypoplakia 3316:Phoenix in Caria 3036:Maionia in Lydia 2671:Heraclea Salbace 2226:Aurelia Neapolis 2131:Apollonos Hieron 1953: 1946: 1939: 1930: 1914: 1913: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1877:Multiple regions 1773:Arslantepe Mound 1723:Central Anatolia 1648: 1641: 1634: 1625: 1531:Yazıcı, Çağlan. 1495: 1416: 1415: 1402: 1396: 1391: 1385: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1186: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1148: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1080: 1074: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1047: 1038: 1032: 1031: 997: 991: 976: 970: 967: 961: 958: 952: 948: 942: 941: 921: 915: 912: 906: 903: 897: 894: 888: 881: 875: 872: 866: 856: 850: 849: 831: 737:Battle of Kadesh 725:Bogazköy Archive 715:Treaty of Kadesh 657:Theodore Makridi 622:Hittite language 520:short chronology 517: 514: 406:Hattusa Rampart. 367:Kızılırmak River 226: 223: 192: 191: 189: 188: 187: 182: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 117: 116: 110: 94: 76: 69: 64: 63: 62: 31:cuneiform script 25: 24: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8077: 7909: 7902: 7638:Seleucia Sidera 7633:Seleucia Pieria 7077:Isinda in Lycia 6977:Eudocia (Lycia) 6872:Corycium Antrum 6528: 6389:Serrion Teichos 6149:Pegae in Thrace 5904:Larisa in Troad 5344:Basilica Therma 5314:Astyra in Troad 5140: 5116:Justinianopolis 5067: 4642:Kaman-Kalehöyük 4322:Aquae Saravenae 4258: 3740: 3431:Satala in Lydia 2931:Larisa in Lydia 2926:Larisa in Ionia 2921:Larisa in Caria 2841:Kleros Politike 2771:Isinda in Ionia 1962: 1957: 1927: 1922: 1899: 1897: 1888: 1872: 1840: 1818: 1777: 1754: 1717: 1694: 1657: 1652: 1614:Wayback Machine 1583: 1582: 1581: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1492: 1479: 1425: 1423:Further reading 1420: 1419: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1230: 1226: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1020: 999: 998: 994: 977: 973: 968: 964: 959: 955: 949: 945: 938: 923: 922: 918: 913: 909: 904: 900: 895: 891: 882: 878: 873: 869: 857: 853: 846: 833: 832: 828: 823: 796: 788:Pergamon Museum 764: 709: 653:Daniel Krencker 555: 515: 501:Suppiluliuma II 400: 272: 224: 185: 183: 179: 176: 171: 168: 166: 164: 163: 126: 125: 124: 123: 120: 119: 118: 97: 85: 53: 46: 45: 44: 35:Without proper 26: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8182: 8180: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8154:Hittite cities 8151: 8146: 8144:Hattian cities 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8086: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7938:Carcathiocerta 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7914: 7912: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7573:Pseudokorasion 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6214:Pitheci Portus 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6189:Phidalia Petra 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6144:Pegae in Mysia 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5749:Hadrianotherae 5746: 5741: 5736: 5734:Germanicopolis 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5294:Artaiouteichos 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5131:Theodosiopolis 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5018:Thouththourbia 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4292:Anastasiopolis 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4268: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2851:Koddinou Petra 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1933: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1908: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1858:Hevsel Gardens 1850: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1800:Historic Areas 1797: 1787: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1764: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1704: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1678: 1673: 1667: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547:External links 1545: 1544: 1543: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1490: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1456: 1446: 1436: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1397: 1386: 1375: 1366: 1357: 1347: 1338: 1329: 1320: 1311: 1302: 1293: 1284: 1275: 1266: 1250: 1241: 1224: 1201: 1191: 1181: 1172: 1162: 1152: 1143: 1134: 1124: 1115: 1105: 1096: 1075: 1063: 1033: 1018: 992: 971: 962: 953: 943: 936: 916: 907: 898: 889: 876: 867: 864:978-0195004878 851: 844: 825: 824: 822: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 802: 795: 792: 763: 760: 745:United Nations 708: 705: 649:Ludwig Curtius 641:Otto Puchstein 626:Waldemar Belck 613:Ernest Chantre 603:Georges Perrot 599:Heinrich Barth 554: 551: 509:Suppiluliuma I 426:, centered at 420:Hattian people 399: 396: 394:list in 1986. 383:Charles Texier 351:Hittite Empire 326: 325: 322: 321: 318: 314: 313: 306: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 288: 282: 281: 278: 274: 273: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 225: 1200 BC 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 140:Çorum Province 132: 128: 127: 121: 112: 111: 105: 104: 103: 102: 99: 98: 95: 87: 86: 79: 39:, you may see 27: 20: 19: 18: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8181: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7768:Tell Judaidah 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7282:Mamure Castle 7280: 7278: 7277:Mampsoukrenai 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7067:Isaura Palaea 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6534:Mediterranean 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6309:Pyrrhias Cyon 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5434:Caenophrurium 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5349:Basilinopolis 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5334:Baradendromia 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Apamea Myrlea 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Alopeconnesus 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4572:Faustinopolis 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272:Abouadeineita 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3974:Garzoubanthon 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3736:Zingotos Kome 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3666:Tlos in Caria 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3451:Side in Caria 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3061:Meiros Megale 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3016:Maeandropolis 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2816:Kaymakçı Tepe 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2691:Hierocaesarea 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2636:Halicarnassus 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2486:Dionysiopolis 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986:Achaion Limen 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1919: 1918: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1824:Mediterranean 1821: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1760:East Anatolia 1757: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1541:9786055940225 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1491:3-8053-1478-7 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1454:9780199240104 1451: 1447: 1445: 1444:9780415258579 1441: 1437: 1435: 1434:9780199241705 1431: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1238:9783515073288 1235: 1228: 1225: 1221:(3): 485–509. 1220: 1217:(in French). 1216: 1212: 1205: 1202: 1195: 1192: 1185: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1166: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1138: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1113:368–376, 1835 1109: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092:9781350140783 1089: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1051: 1044: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 996: 993: 989: 985: 981: 975: 972: 966: 963: 957: 954: 947: 944: 939: 937:9780691208015 933: 929: 928: 920: 917: 911: 908: 902: 899: 893: 890: 886: 880: 877: 871: 868: 865: 861: 855: 852: 847: 841: 837: 830: 827: 820: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 797: 793: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 768: 761: 759: 757: 752: 750: 749:New York City 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 713: 706: 704: 702: 698: 694: 685: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:Heinrich Kohl 642: 638: 634: 633:Hugo Winckler 629: 627: 623: 619: 614: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 587: 579: 571: 564: 559: 552: 550: 548: 544: 539: 531: 527: 525: 521: 510: 502: 497: 493: 491: 487: 486:Hattusili III 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 454: 450: 446: 442: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 421: 412: 404: 397: 395: 393: 389: 384: 380: 378: 377: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 323: 319: 311: 307: 300: 297: 289: 287: 279: 271: 262: 258: 254: 249: 246: 243: 239: 236: 233: 229: 220: 216: 212: 208: 203: 199: 195: 190: 162: 158: 155: 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 109: 100: 93: 88: 83: 77: 73: 68: 55: 51: 42: 38: 34: 32: 7973:Göbekli Tepe 7908:Southeastern 7773:Tell Tayinat 7468:Panemotichus 7097:Juliosebaste 6837:Claudiopolis 6832:Cibyra Mikra 6612:Ano Kotradis 6459:Tesderamoska 6339:Rouphinianai 6169:Pericharaxis 6034:Nausimachion 5849:Katapaspanas 5659:Didymateiche 5359:Bathys Limen 5329:Aureliopolis 5023:Tiberiopolis 4928:Sadagolthina 4607:Hieropotamon 4527:Dometiopolis 4462:Comitanassus 4402:Binbirkilise 4397:Bathys Rhyax 4312:Antoniopolis 4277:Alişar Hüyük 4139:Pompeiopolis 3993: 3834:Callistratia 3754:Abonoteichos 3681:Trapezopolis 3676:Traianopolis 2676:Hermocapelia 2216:Augustopolis 2156:Arcadiopolis 1915: 1896: 1868:Mount Nemrut 1863:Göbekli Tepe 1707: 1567:Online books 1557: 1532: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1481: 1459: 1409: 1400: 1389: 1378: 1369: 1360: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1314: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1244: 1227: 1218: 1214: 1204: 1194: 1184: 1175: 1165: 1155: 1146: 1137: 1127: 1118: 1108: 1099: 1083: 1078: 1066: 1054:. Retrieved 1049: 1036: 1001: 995: 979: 974: 965: 956: 946: 925: 919: 910: 901: 892: 884: 879: 870: 854: 835: 829: 773: 753: 722: 718: 693:Tudḫaliya IV 689: 664: 660: 630: 611: 592: 540: 536: 506: 478:Muwatalli II 459: 448: 444: 432: 417: 381: 374: 371:Marashantiya 370: 353:in the late 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329: 54: 28: 8003:Nevalı Çori 7828:Tragalassus 7658:Serraepolis 7583:Rhodiapolis 7503:Perminounda 7493:Pednelissus 7463:Palaeopolis 7353:Moron Hydor 7122:Karakabaklı 7107:Kalelibelen 6987:Flaviopolis 6937:Diocaesarea 6842:Colybrassus 6797:Carmylessus 6647:Antiphellus 6344:Salmydessus 6284:Proconnesus 6054:Neonteichos 5979:Miletopolis 5834:Kalos Agros 5809:Ilieon Kome 5519:Chrysopolis 5279:Argyropolis 5239:Aphrodisias 5184:Aegospotami 5096:Cafer Höyük 5053:Verinopolis 4933:Salamboreia 4888:Pillitokome 4632:Isauropolis 4517:Diocaesarea 4432:Carus Vicus 4367:Aspenzinsos 4347:Ariaramneia 4119:Philocaleia 4079:Naustathmus 4014:Hieron Oros 3789:Anticinolis 3769:Alaca Höyük 3581:Temenothyra 3381:Pordoselene 3241:Palaeopolis 3236:Palaemyndus 3171:Neonteichos 3046:Marathesium 2731:Hypokremnos 2461:Dareioukome 2336:Carmylessus 2266:Beycesultan 2111:Aphrodisias 2006:Adramyttium 1795:Cumalıkızık 1671:Aphrodisias 1056:18 December 741:Ramesses II 701:Tarḫuntašša 669:Kurt Bittel 607:Carl Humann 553:Archaeology 516: 1344 490:Mursili III 482:Tarhuntassa 470:Tudhaliya I 308:1986 (10th 305:Inscription 184: / 160:Coordinates 8088:Categories 8048:Sultantepe 7943:Carchemish 7848:Tyberissus 7808:Titiopolis 7753:Tardequeia 7668:Sibidounda 7608:Sagalassos 7538:Pisarissos 7358:Moumoustra 7343:Mopsuestia 7338:Mopsucrene 7328:Mezgitkale 7187:Kynosarion 7062:Isaura Nea 7057:Irenopolis 7022:Hierapolis 6892:Cretopolis 6867:Coracesium 6782:Callimache 6464:Tetrakomia 6409:Smintheion 6359:Scamandrus 6354:Scamandria 6289:Proochthoi 6264:Pratomysia 6254:Potamonion 6244:Polymedium 6234:Poleatikon 6229:Poemanenum 6204:Phosphorus 6179:Petrozetoi 6159:Pentephyle 6124:Pantichium 6079:Ophryneion 6029:Nausikleia 6009:Moukaporis 5969:Mantineion 5959:Lysimachia 5829:Kale Peuke 5779:Heracleium 5704:Ergasteria 5694:Elekosmioi 5509:Choiragria 5414:Burtudizon 5394:Blachernae 5274:Argyronion 5174:Ad Statuas 5169:Achilleion 5106:Citharizum 5091:Arsamosata 4918:Purushanda 4788:Moutalaske 4682:Kodylessos 4637:Juliopolis 4627:Irenopolis 4547:Ergobrotis 4482:Coropassus 4437:Çatalhöyük 4352:Ariarathia 4234:Yazılıkaya 4204:Themiscyra 4159:Salatiwara 4134:Polemonium 4059:Libiopolis 4034:Ischopolis 4009:Hermonassa 4004:Heracleium 3611:Teuthrania 3571:Teichiussa 3501:Stectorium 3476:Skolopoeis 3391:Prymnessus 3266:Parthenium 3066:Melampagos 3006:Lysimachia 2971:Leucophrys 2831:Klazomenai 2791:Kalabantia 2756:Ioniapolis 2686:Hieropolis 2681:Hierapolis 2466:Dideiphyta 2386:Chrysaoris 2316:Callipolis 1750:Cappadocia 1731:Çatalhöyük 1713:Safranbolu 1681:Hierapolis 1028:Q129697416 988:1146066848 821:References 815:Yazılıkaya 774:A pair of 699:, King of 663:(KB0) and 563:Yazılıkaya 518:–1322 BC ( 369:(Hittite: 355:Bronze Age 251:Site notes 235:Bronze Age 200:Settlement 172:34°36′55″E 169:40°01′11″N 80:Hattuşaş ( 61:𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 8018:Sakçagözü 7988:Khashshum 7883:Yumuktepe 7833:Trebendae 7813:Tityassus 7793:Termessos 7778:Telmessos 7763:Teimiussa 7723:Sozopolis 7618:Saraganda 7613:Sandalium 7588:Rhoscopus 7578:Ptolemais 7568:Prostanna 7528:Phoenicus 7473:Panhormus 7458:Padyandus 7408:Octapolis 7378:Myriandus 7318:Melanippe 7257:Magastara 7162:Kitanaura 7137:Kastellon 7117:Kanytelis 7102:Kalanthia 7042:Idebessos 7027:Hippucome 6997:Gözlükule 6962:Epiphania 6942:Domuztepe 6822:Charadrus 6807:Castabala 6687:Arnabanda 6667:Arabissus 6617:Antigonia 6607:Anemurium 6587:Anazarbus 6547:Acarassus 6542:Acalissus 6434:Tarpodizo 6419:Strobilos 6379:Selymbria 6334:Rhoiteion 6259:Praenetus 6239:Polychron 6184:Pharmakia 6174:Perinthus 6129:Parabolos 6094:Ostreodes 6074:Ontoraita 6064:Nicomedia 6039:Neandreia 6014:Myrileion 5999:Morzapena 5989:Mochadion 5974:Marpessos 5909:Lasthenes 5899:Lampsacus 5894:Lamponeia 5884:Kyparodes 5824:Kalasyrta 5764:Harpagion 5759:Hamaxitus 5744:Hadriania 5664:Diolkides 5619:Dascylium 5489:Charmidea 5479:Chalcedon 5464:Cenchreae 5424:Byzantium 5389:Bithynium 5324:Aureliane 5179:Adrasteia 5081:Altıntepe 5028:Trocmades 5003:Takourtha 4978:Sidamaria 4903:Pontanena 4853:Pedachtoë 4848:Parnassus 4808:Nazianzus 4738:Malandasa 4718:Laroumada 4708:Lamatorma 4537:Ecdaumava 4532:Dorylaeum 4502:Dadastana 4477:Corniaspa 4467:Congustus 4447:Ciscissus 4422:Camuliana 4342:Ardistama 4317:Anzoulada 4297:Andabalis 4287:Anadynata 4214:Timolaeum 4169:Sandaraca 4109:Pharnacia 4089:Nicopolis 3764:Aiginetes 3746:Black Sea 3706:Tyanollos 3656:Thyssanus 3651:Thymbrara 3621:Theangela 3616:Thasthara 3576:Telandrus 3561:Tateikome 3516:Strobilos 3376:Polybotus 3301:Perperene 3186:Nymphaeum 3156:Naulochus 3151:Naulochon 3121:Myloukome 3071:Meloukome 2976:Limantepe 2891:Labraunda 2721:Hyllarima 2641:Halisarna 2621:Gerriadai 2511:Doroukome 2446:Cyllandus 2376:Chalcetor 2286:Boukolion 2146:Aragokome 2126:Apollonis 2096:Antandrus 2011:Agatheira 1981:Abrostola 1700:Black Sea 1685:Pamukkale 601:in 1858. 524:acropolis 462:Hattusili 373:; Greek: 359:Boğazkale 320:268.46 ha 295:Reference 256:Condition 218:Abandoned 136:Boğazkale 8028:Samosata 7910:Anatolia 7878:Yanıkhan 7868:Typallia 7858:Tymandus 7838:Trebenna 7823:Toriaeum 7748:Tapureli 7653:Seroiata 7603:Sabandus 7598:Rygmanoi 7553:Platanus 7543:Pisurgia 7508:Phaselis 7443:Orokenda 7398:Nephelis 7308:Mastaura 7297:Marciana 7207:Lebessus 7177:Korasion 7167:Kodroula 7152:Kiphisos 7127:Karatepe 6957:Emirzeli 6952:Elbessos 6882:Corydala 6812:Ceretapa 6792:Carallia 6777:Cadyanda 6767:Cabassus 6757:Bindaios 6717:Aspendos 6712:Arycanda 6707:Artanada 6677:Ariassus 6602:Andriaca 6592:Anchiale 6519:Utsurgae 6509:Tzurulum 6504:Tyrodiza 6498:Hisarlik 6474:Tragasai 6444:Tattaios 6429:Syllanta 6404:Sirkanos 6384:Semystra 6349:Sangarus 6314:Pytheion 6304:Psyllium 6224:Ploketta 6139:Paulines 6084:Orestias 6004:Mossynea 5984:Mocasura 5949:Lupadium 5879:Koubaita 5874:Kosilaos 5799:Iasonion 5784:Hermaion 5769:Hebdomon 5719:Gentinos 5709:Eribolum 5614:Dardanus 5594:Dacibyza 5589:Dadokome 5569:Crithote 5559:Crenides 5554:Cremaste 5539:Cocylium 5474:Chalcaea 5429:Byzapena 5404:Boradion 5379:Bisanthe 5354:Bathonea 5229:Anaplous 5164:Achaiion 5101:Camachus 5043:Tyriaeum 4963:Senzousa 4938:Salarama 4873:Pessinus 4843:Papirion 4838:Orcistus 4803:Nakoleia 4793:Musbanda 4778:Mokissos 4763:Midaeium 4723:Lauzadus 4699:(Kanesh) 4672:Kindyria 4667:Kilistra 4662:Kerkenes 4647:Kanotala 4542:Ecobriga 4507:Dasmenda 4497:Cyzistra 4492:Cybistra 4412:Borissos 4387:Balgatia 4382:Balbissa 4362:Artiknos 4337:Archalla 4224:Tripolis 4194:Stephane 4184:Saurania 4174:Sapinuwa 4129:Pimolisa 4114:Phazemon 3984:Gozalena 3954:Euchaita 3949:Erythini 3919:Cyptasia 3904:Crenides 3859:Chadisia 3839:Carambis 3779:Amastris 3759:Aegialus 3731:Zemmeana 3701:Troketta 3691:Triopium 3646:Thyatira 3521:Syangela 3461:Silandus 3421:Saouenda 3296:Pergamon 3276:Passanda 3246:Panasion 3221:Orthoisa 3201:Oenoanda 3166:Neapolis 3051:Mastaura 2946:Lasnedda 2901:Lalandos 2881:Kymnissa 2836:Kleimaka 2821:Kilaraza 2806:Kaualena 2801:Kasossos 2736:Hyrcanis 2716:Hygassos 2711:Hydissus 2696:Homadena 2631:Gryneium 2616:Gergitha 2606:Gambrium 2596:Euthenae 2586:Eumeneia 2576:Eukarpia 2561:Erythras 2556:Erythrae 2506:Docimium 2501:Dioskome 2441:Cybeleia 2436:Coryphas 2426:Colossae 2421:Colophon 2411:Clannuda 2406:Cisthene 2396:Cidramus 2391:Chytrium 2366:Celaenae 2356:Casystes 2351:Castabus 2346:Caryanda 2306:Bybassus 2291:Boutheia 2276:Blaundus 2256:Bargylia 2196:Atarneus 2176:Astragon 2171:Aspaneus 2151:Araukome 2141:Appolena 2071:Amynanda 2046:Allianoi 2031:Alabanda 2001:Acrassus 1991:Acharaca 1976:Abbassus 1917:Category 1804:Istanbul 1690:Pergamon 1610:Archived 1024:Wikidata 794:See also 776:sphinxes 762:Sphinxes 631:In 1905 547:Phrygian 476:. Under 474:Sapinuwa 466:Kaskians 347:Hattusha 343:Hattusas 286:Criteria 259:In ruins 241:Cultures 154:Anatolia 131:Location 8099:Hattusa 8058:Tushhan 8033:Sareisa 8013:Nisibis 7998:Matiate 7993:Kussara 7963:Doliche 7953:Dabanas 7873:Xanthos 7788:Tenedos 7708:Siricae 7693:Sillyon 7683:Siderus 7648:Selinus 7558:Podalia 7548:Placoma 7523:Philaea 7513:Phellus 7483:Parlais 7478:Pargais 7448:Otanada 7438:Onobara 7428:Olympus 7383:Nagidos 7323:Meriana 7304:(Mnara) 7302:Marmara 7292:Mandane 7262:Magydus 7252:Magarsa 7247:Lysinia 7212:Legeita 7192:Laertes 7172:Kolbasa 7157:Kirkota 7132:Karkabo 7112:Kandyba 7092:Istlada 7017:Hamaxia 7002:Hacilar 6927:Damasei 6912:Daedala 6907:Cyrrhus 6902:Cyaneae 6817:Cestrus 6787:Calynda 6772:Cadrema 6747:Balbura 6737:Aunesis 6727:Augusta 6702:Arsinoe 6652:Aperlae 6572:Alalakh 6557:Adrasus 6479:Thynias 6399:Sigeion 6369:Scylace 6364:Scepsis 6329:Rhesion 6324:Rhegion 6299:Psarela 6279:Prindea 6274:Priapus 6249:Potamoi 6164:Percote 6114:Palodes 6024:Nassete 5964:Madytus 5929:Libyssa 5914:Leptoia 5869:Kolonai 5859:Kizoura 5819:Kalamos 5794:Hierion 5714:Gargara 5699:Embolos 5679:Eirakla 5644:Delphin 5609:Daphnus 5599:Damalis 5584:Cyzicus 5579:Cypsela 5574:Cypasis 5549:Colonae 5459:Cebrene 5449:Canopus 5419:Bythias 5384:Bitenas 5374:Birytis 5369:Bergule 5364:Beodizo 5319:Athyras 5309:Astacus 5299:Artanes 5269:Argyria 5259:Arbeila 5154:Abarnis 5146:Marmara 5126:Sugunia 5013:Thebasa 4993:Soandos 4983:Skandos 4968:Sereana 4948:Savatra 4833:Olosada 4783:Mourisa 4703:Lageina 4697:Kültepe 4657:Keissia 4652:Karbala 4622:Ilistra 4587:Gordium 4582:Gorbeus 4552:Euaissa 4487:Cotenna 4457:Claneus 4442:Cimiata 4427:Candara 4407:Blucium 4332:Arasaxa 4307:Anniaca 4282:Amblada 4254:Ziporea 4244:Zaliche 4239:Zagorus 4229:Virasia 4209:Thymena 4199:Syderos 4069:Metroon 4064:Lillium 4049:Kimista 3994:Hattusa 3979:Gaziura 3964:Gadilon 3944:Endeira 3934:Diacopa 3924:Cytorus 3894:Cordyle 3889:Coralla 3879:Colussa 3864:Cinolis 3854:Cerasus 3849:Carussa 3844:Carissa 3809:Berissa 3804:Athenae 3794:Argyria 3726:Uranium 3686:Trarium 3641:Thyaira 3606:Termera 3596:Tendeba 3591:Tempsis 3541:Synnada 3466:Sillyos 3456:Sidussa 3396:Pteleum 3361:Plarasa 3356:Pladasa 3341:Pisilis 3326:Phyteia 3321:Physcus 3311:Phocaea 3271:Passala 3261:Parsada 3226:Ortygia 3216:Oroanna 3116:Motella 3111:Mostene 3106:Mossyna 3101:Mokolda 3096:Mobolla 3086:Miletus 3031:Maiboza 3011:Madnasa 2981:Lobolda 2956:Lebedus 2941:Larymna 2911:Lankena 2906:Lamyana 2876:Kyllene 2861:Korakoe 2826:Kildara 2726:Hypaepa 2646:Harpasa 2591:Euromus 2581:Euhippe 2566:Etsyena 2546:Ephesus 2536:Embatum 2521:Eiokome 2481:Dioclea 2371:Ceramus 2361:Cedreae 2281:Bonitai 2271:Birgena 2246:Bargasa 2236:Aurokra 2191:Astyria 2086:Anineta 2061:Amorium 2056:Amnista 2026:Aizanoi 1996:Acmonia 1832:Xanthos 1783:Marmara 1741:Gordion 1708:Hattusa 1676:Ephesus 1558:Hattusa 780:Germany 756:Tabigga 697:Kurunta 439:Kussara 424:Assyria 398:History 339:Ḫattuša 335:Hattuşa 333:, also 331:Hattusa 310:Session 245:Hittite 231:Periods 210:Founded 205:History 82:Turkish 72:Hittite 67:Ḫattuša 8073:Zeugma 8023:Sam'al 7983:Harran 7968:Edessa 7948:Çayönü 7863:Tynada 7853:Tyinda 7758:Tarsus 7743:Takina 7738:Syedra 7718:Solyma 7698:Simena 7688:Sidyma 7673:Sibyla 7623:Sebeda 7593:Rhosus 7488:Patara 7453:Ouerbe 7433:Öküzlü 7418:Olbasa 7388:Nauloi 7368:Mylios 7333:Moatra 7287:Manava 7267:Mallus 7227:Limyra 7147:Kibyra 7142:Keraia 7052:Iotape 7047:Idyros 6972:Etenna 6967:Erymna 6887:Cremna 6862:Conana 6847:Comama 6697:Arsada 6692:Arneae 6597:Andeda 6577:Amelas 6524:Zeleia 6514:Urisio 6484:Traron 6469:Tipaso 6454:Terbos 6394:Sestos 6374:Scylla 6319:Rhebas 6219:Placia 6209:Pionia 6199:Philia 6194:Phiela 6134:Parium 6119:Panion 6109:Paesus 6099:Pactya 6059:Nerola 5839:Kampos 5789:Hieria 5754:Halone 5724:Gergis 5689:Elaeus 5669:Drabus 5639:Delkos 5564:Cressa 5534:Cobrys 5529:Clitae 5514:Chryse 5484:Charax 5454:Cardia 5439:Callum 5409:Brunca 5289:Artace 5284:Arisba 5264:Argiza 5254:Apsoda 5224:Amycus 5159:Abydos 5136:Tushpa 5111:Dadima 5063:Zizima 5048:Vasada 5008:Tavium 4988:Soanda 4973:Sibora 4958:Sedasa 4943:Sasima 4923:Pyrgoi 4913:Pteria 4908:Posala 4898:Pithoi 4893:Pissia 4883:Phlara 4878:Pharax 4858:Pedaia 4828:Ochras 4813:Nitazi 4798:Myrika 4773:Mnizus 4768:Mistea 4733:Lystra 4728:Limnae 4687:Korama 4677:Kobara 4612:Homana 4602:Herpha 4567:Eulepa 4417:Campae 4392:Barate 4377:Atenia 4357:Armaxa 4327:Aralla 4179:Satala 4164:Samuha 4144:Potami 4104:Patara 4099:Oxinas 4074:Mokata 4044:Kelesa 4024:Hyssus 3969:Garius 3959:Eusene 3939:Elaeus 3914:Cromna 3909:Cromen 3899:Cratia 3869:Cizari 3824:Cabira 3814:Bonita 3799:Armene 3774:Amasia 3716:Tymnos 3711:Tymion 3671:Tomara 3631:Thebes 3586:Temnos 3556:Tabala 3536:Syneta 3531:Synaus 3526:Symbra 3496:Stadia 3481:Smyrna 3426:Sardis 3416:Pyrrha 3411:Pyrnus 3406:Pygela 3401:Pydnae 3386:Priene 3351:Pitane 3336:Pinara 3331:Pidasa 3291:Pepuza 3286:Peltae 3281:Pedasa 3211:Olymos 3206:Olaeis 3181:Notion 3176:Nisyra 3131:Myrina 3126:Myndus 3091:Mylasa 3056:Meiros 3041:Malene 2986:Loryma 2966:Leucae 2961:Leimon 2951:Latmus 2896:Lagina 2871:Kouara 2866:Koresa 2856:Koraia 2846:Knidos 2811:Kaunos 2796:Kasara 2781:Kadyie 2776:Iskome 2761:Ioudda 2626:Glauke 2601:Euxine 2551:Erines 2541:Emoddi 2516:Eibeos 2471:Didyma 2456:Daldis 2431:Conium 2416:Claros 2401:Cindye 2381:Choria 2341:Carura 2331:Carene 2301:Bruzus 2296:Briula 2261:Beudos 2241:Bageis 2211:Attuda 2161:Arilla 2091:Annaea 2076:Amyzon 2051:Almura 2041:Alinda 1968:Aegean 1836:Letoon 1663:Aegean 1555:about 1539: 1488: 1452: 1442: 1432: 1236: 1090: 1026: 1016: 986: 934: 862: 842: 435:Anitta 428:Kanesh 363:Turkey 150:Region 144:Turkey 50:Ezra 8 8068:Urshu 8063:Urima 8053:Tille 8043:Sitai 7918:Amida 7843:Trysa 7703:Sinda 7643:Selge 7563:Pogla 7498:Perga 7423:Olbia 7363:Mylae 7348:Morka 7313:Meloë 7242:Lyrbe 7237:Lycae 7232:Lissa 7202:Lamos 7197:Lagbe 7182:Korma 7087:Issus 7032:Holmi 7012:Halae 6992:Gagae 6857:Comba 6827:Choma 6802:Casae 6762:Bubon 6752:Baris 6732:Aulae 6722:Augai 6682:Arima 6672:Araxa 6567:Agrae 6562:Aegae 6552:Adada 6449:Tenba 6424:Sykai 6294:Prusa 6269:Prepa 6104:Paeon 6019:Narco 5994:Modra 5954:Lygos 5944:Linus 5924:Libum 5919:Liada 5889:Kypra 5864:Koila 5854:Kepos 5844:Kassa 5814:Kabia 5729:Germa 5649:Deris 5544:Colla 5444:Calpe 5399:Bolos 5339:Baris 5304:Assos 5249:Aprus 5219:Ammoi 5204:Ainos 5189:Agora 5121:Melid 5058:Zeita 5038:Tynna 5033:Tyana 4953:Sbida 4868:Perta 4863:Peium 4823:Nyssa 4753:Meloë 4692:Koron 4577:Germa 4522:Doara 4512:Derbe 4472:Corna 4452:Cinna 4372:Astra 4302:Anisa 4094:Ophis 4084:Nerik 4039:Karza 4029:Ibora 3829:Cales 3784:Ancon 3661:Tisna 3636:Thera 3551:Tabae 3546:Syrna 3491:Spore 3446:Setae 3346:Pisye 3231:Otrus 3161:Naxia 3146:Nasos 3001:Lyrna 2996:Lydae 2991:Lunda 2786:Kaira 2766:Ipsus 2751:Idyma 2741:Iasos 2706:Hydas 2701:Hydai 2651:Helos 2611:Gerga 2571:Euaza 2531:Eluza 2526:Elaea 2476:Digda 2326:Canae 2321:Caloe 2221:Aulae 2206:Attea 2166:Aroma 2136:Appia 2081:Anaua 2021:Airai 2016:Aegae 1791:Bursa 1046:(PDF) 437:from 376:Halys 345:, or 134:Near 7958:Dara 7818:Tlos 7733:Syca 7728:Sura 7713:Soli 7678:Side 7413:Olba 7403:Nisa 7373:Myra 7072:Isba 7037:Hyia 6932:Dias 6897:Crya 6494:Troy 6414:Soka 6154:Pege 6089:Orni 5654:Desa 5524:Cius 4998:Sora 4818:Nora 4617:Hyde 4219:Tium 4124:Pida 3819:Boon 3601:Teos 3566:Taza 3471:Sion 3196:Odon 3141:Nais 3136:Myus 2746:Iaza 2451:Cyme 2311:Cadi 2066:Amos 2036:Alia 1856:and 1814:Troy 1793:and 1748:and 1537:ISBN 1528:2020 1486:ISBN 1476:2000 1469:2019 1450:ISBN 1440:ISBN 1430:ISBN 1355:2007 1234:ISBN 1199:2006 1189:2010 1170:2001 1160:1895 1132:1872 1088:ISBN 1058:2014 1014:ISBN 984:ISBN 951:2005 932:ISBN 860:ISBN 840:ISBN 695:and 682:The 651:and 317:Area 197:Type 7663:Sia 6069:Oka 5804:Ide 5086:Ani 3929:Dia 3721:Ula 3486:Soa 2886:Kys 1802:of 1768:Ani 1219:127 1006:doi 747:in 379:). 299:377 8090:: 1834:/ 1683:/ 1408:. 1262:58 1022:. 1012:. 647:, 643:, 513:c. 361:, 341:, 337:, 222:c. 142:, 138:, 6500:) 6496:( 1952:e 1945:t 1938:v 1647:e 1640:t 1633:v 1494:. 1094:. 1060:. 1030:. 1008:: 990:. 940:. 848:. 511:( 312:) 84:) 74:) 70:( 52:. 33:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index