418:
rear of the sweeper is a powerful blower to blow material left into the adjacent row with air speeds up to 90 m/s (300 ft/s). Careful grooming during the year and patient blowing at harvest may eliminate the need for hand raking around the tree trunk, where nuts may accumulate. The sweeper prepares a single center row of nuts, narrow enough for the harvesting tractor to drive over without driving on the center row. It is best to sweep only a few rows ahead of the harvesters at any given time, to prevent the tractor that drives the harvester from crushing the nuts that may still be falling from the trees. Hazelnut orchards may be harvested up to three times during the harvest season, depending on the number of nuts in the trees and the rate of nut drop due to the weather.
27:
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material over a blower and under a powerful vacuum that sucks any lightweight soil, leaves from the nuts, and discharges them into the orchard. The remaining nuts are conveyed into a cart pulled behind the harvester. Once a tote is filled with nuts, the forklift hauls away the full totes and brings empty ones back to the harvester to maximize the harvester's time.
2192:
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132:
256:, which involves prompting more of the tree energy to go into flower bud production by snapping, but not breaking off, the tips of the new year shoots six or seven leaf groups from where they join with the trunk or branch, at the end of the growing season. The traditional term for an area of cultivated hazelnuts is a
561:
Two different timing strategies are used for collecting the fallen nuts. The first is to harvest early when about half of the nuts have fallen. With less material on the ground, the harvester can work faster with less chance of a breakdown. The second option is to wait for all the nuts to fall before
417:
The sweeper is a low-to-the-ground machine that makes two passes in each tree row. It has a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) belt attached to the front that rotates to sweep leaves, nuts, and small twigs from left to right, depositing the material in the center of the row as it drives forward. On the
326:
where crops are grown between the rows could introduce new sources of revenue into the hazelnut production and may have beneficial effects on hazelnut yield by fertilizing the soil through nitrogen fixation or animal dung. These systems limit the plant protection measures, potentially impacting the
311:
rootstock. There are different approaches in orchard floor management. Strong infestations of certain weeds can lower the yield. Therefore, to prevent yield loss by competition, herbicides are used to create bare soil. Using cover crops protects the soil and suppresses weed establishment without a
272:
of the hazel include 'Atababa', 'Barcelona', 'Butler', 'Casina', 'Clark', 'Cosford', 'Daviana', 'Delle Langhe', 'England', 'Ennis', 'Halls Giant', 'Jemtegaard', 'Kent Cob', 'Lewis', 'Tokolyi', 'Tonda
Gentile', 'Tonda di Giffoni', 'Tonda Romana', 'Wanliss Pride', and 'Willamette'. Some of these are
248:
The scale of the activity and the lack of large game on the island suggest that
Colonsay may have contained a community with a largely vegetarian diet for the time they spent on the island. Originally, the pit was on a beach close to the shore and was associated with two smaller, stone-lined pits
557:
The harvester is a slow-moving machine pushed by a tractor, which lifts the material off the ground and separates the nuts from the leaves, empty husks, and twigs. As the harvester drives over the rows, a rotating cylinder with hundreds of tines rakes the material onto a belt. The belt takes the
405:
Four primary pieces of equipment are used in commercial harvesting: the sweeper, the harvester, the nut cart, and the forklift. The sweeper moves the nuts into the center of the rows, the harvester lifts and separates the nuts from any debris (i.e., twigs and leaves), the nut cart holds the nuts
401:
Hazelnuts are harvested annually in mid-autumn. As autumn comes to a close, the trees drop their nuts and leaves. Most commercial growers wait for the nuts to drop rather than using equipment to shake them from the tree. The harvesting of hazelnuts is performed either by hand or by manual or
288:
In
Ireland and the United Kingdom, hazelnuts are sometimes referred to as cobnuts, for which a specific cultivated variety – Kent cobnuts – is the main variety cultivated in fields known as plats, hand-picked, and eaten green. According to the BBC, a national collection of cobnut
2125:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
210:
in
Scotland. The evidence consists of a large, shallow pit full of the remains of hundreds of thousands of burned hazelnut shells. Hazelnuts have been found on other Mesolithic sites, but rarely in such quantities or concentrated in one pit. The nuts were
289:
varieties exists at
Roughway Farm in Kent. They are called cobnuts because cob was a word used to refer to the head or "noggin", and children had a game in which they would tie a string to a hazelnut and use it to try to hit an opponent on the head.
1824:
Kaya-Altop, Emine; Haghnama, Kianoosh; Sarıaslan, Dogan; Phillippo, Colin J.; Mennan, Husrev; Zandstra, Bernard H. (February 2016). "Long-term perennial weed control strategies: Economic analyses and yield effect in hazelnut (Corylus avellana)".
273:
grown for specific qualities of the nut, including large nut size or early or late fruiting, whereas others are grown as pollinators. The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts. Some cultivars are of
181:
surrounding a smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter. The nut falls out of the husk when ripe, about seven to eight months after pollination. The
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In Europe hazelnuts are traditionally grown as multi-trunk trees where the rootstock is formed by the variety itself. To enhance the possibility for mechanization and to prevent
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picked up by the harvester, and the forklift brings a tote to offload the nuts from the nut cart and then stacks the totes to be shipped to the processor (nut dryer).
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1898:
Nunn, L.; Embree, C.G.; Hebb, D.; Bishop, S.D.; Nichols, D. (March 2007). "Rotationally
Grazing Hogs for Orchard Floor Management in Organic Apple Orchards".
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Martins, S.; SimAues, F.; Matos, J.; Silva, A. P.; Carnide, V. (2014). "Genetic relationship among wild, landraces, and cultivars of hazelnut
2137:
185:
is edible and consumed raw, roasted or ground into a paste. The seed has a thin, dark brown skin, which is sometimes removed before cooking.
1954:
562:
harvesting. Although the first option is considered the better of the two, two or three passes do take more time to complete than one.
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2132:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
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gianduja resembles a bar of chocolate. It is softer on the tooth than a plain chocolate bar (because of the oil from the hazelnuts)
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This discovery gives an insight into communal activity and planning in the period. The nuts were harvested in a single year, and
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yield quality and level. There are very few studies on these systems, leading to a higher uncertainty for the producer.
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2010:
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1658:. By Paul Alfrey - Balkan Ecology Project. Permaculture Magazine, Tuesday, 8 August 2017. Accessed 2 March 2021.
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have appreciable content. In lesser but still significant amounts (moderate content, 10–19% DV) are
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Işik, Doğan; Dok, Mahmut; Ak, Kibar; Macit, İdris; Demir, Zeynep; Mennan, Hüsrev (January 2014).
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is the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, accounting for 64% of total production in 2021.
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1962:
1923:"Grazing Sheep in Organic Vineyards: An On-Farm Study about Risk of Chronic Copper Poisoning"
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665:, a French dessert cake, often contains a layer of hazelnut meringue. Hazelnuts are used in
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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2203:
1260:-ounce) reference amount, raw hazelnuts supply 2,630 kilojoules (628 kilocalories) of
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1862:"Use of Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Turkey"
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854:
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1989:"Hazelnuts (with shell); Crops by Region, World List, Production Quantity, 2021"
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Communications in
Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University
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1600:. Vol. 1: Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 473–474.
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94:
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1991:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). 2023
1988:
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1334:, accounting for 93% DV in a 100-gram amount. The fat components are
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and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus
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2018:
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Trouillard, Martin; Lèbre, Amélie; Heckendorn, Felix (20 November 2021).
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365: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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whose function remains obscure, a hearth and a second cluster of pits.
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102:
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and products such as chocolate bars and hazelnut cocoa spreads such as
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A hazelnut cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 millimetres (
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Pure
Dessert: True Flavors, Inspiring Ingredients, and Simple Recipes
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117:. It is used as a cooking oil and as a salad or vegetable dressing.
82:
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1394:. The hazel fruit is also used as a metaphorical device in the poem
570:
In 2021, world production of hazelnuts (in shells) was 1.1 million
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696:. The nuts may be eaten fresh or dried, having different flavors.
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1783:"Advances in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Rootstocks Worldwide"
19:
This article is about the type of nut. For the type of tree, see
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1374:(c. 1343 – after 1416) within her mystical Christian treatise
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1955:"Hazelnuts in Ontario – Growing, Harvesting and Food Safety"
1380:. The hazelnut shell is imagined as a chariot for the fairy
602:
Hazelnut (upper right) among other edible nuts (clockwise):
252:
The traditional method to increase nut production is called
113:, pressed from hazelnuts, is strongly flavored and high in
2097:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
659:
body, and crushed hazelnuts are sprinkled over its sides.
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from
Portugal revealed through ISSR and AFLP markers".
1644:
Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History
202:
nut processing, some 8,000 years old, was found in a
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2129:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
397:Hand-harvest and sun-drying of hazelnuts in Turkey
1044:
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578:accounts for 64% of the world total, followed by
135:Cracked hazelnut shell displaying the edible seed
2073:Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall (8 September 2007).
1275:Hazelnuts contain particularly high amounts of
2232:
1370:The hazelnut is used as a literary device by
692:. Hazelnuts are also a common constituent of
647:, hazelnut paste is an ingredient for making
222:. Similar sites in Britain are known only at
177: in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous
8:
1504:, the principal flavor compound of hazelnuts
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2093:United States Food and Drug Administration
2017:(in Turkish). January 2011. Archived from
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1981:
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1264:and are a rich source (20% or more of the
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1938:
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1597:Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants
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1210:Full Link to complete USDA Database entry
413:A sweeper gathers hazelnuts in an orchard
381:Learn how and when to remove this message
215:to 7720±110 BP, which calibrates to
1736:"BBC: On your farm - The Kentish cobnut"
1307:, all exceeding 30% DV (table). Several
420:
2174:Julian of Norwich: A Very Brief History
1646:. London. Thames & Hudson. p. 91–2.
1619:
1617:
1529:
1425:Dehulled, skinned, and smoked hazelnuts
1415:
1330:Hazelnuts are a rich source of dietary
655:, hazelnut flour is used to flavor its
301:, a single-trunk tree can be formed by
1638:
1636:
1624:"Mesolithic food industry on Colonsay"
651:, such as Viennese hazelnut torte. In
245:trees were cut down at the same time.
1666:
1664:
52:, especially the nuts of the species
7:
363:adding citations to reliable sources
305:a scion of the desired variety on a
93:, and also used in combination with
1384:within English playwright and poet
81:, and in breakfast cereals such as
402:mechanical raking of fallen nuts.
14:
1468:Chocolate pie with hazelnut crust
198:In 1995, evidence of large-scale
157:–1 inch) long and 10–15 mm (
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2190:
1781:Rovira, Mercè (26 August 2021).
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1231:Raw hazelnuts are 5% water, 61%
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491:
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2154:from the original on 2024-05-09
2107:from the original on 2024-03-27
1672:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1630:. No. 5. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
1543:Plant Systematics and Evolution
350:needs additional citations for
1908:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.737.9
1:
2859:Crops originating from Europe
2207:The dictionary definition of
717:2,629 kJ (628 kcal)
576:hazelnut production in Turkey
216:
1847:10.1016/j.cropro.2015.10.022
1800:10.3390/horticulturae7090267
1656:The Essential Guide to Hazel
1217:Percentages estimated using
707:Nutritional value per 100 g
322:are kept in the orchard or
2880:
2744:Linseed oil (flaxseed oil)
1377:Revelations of Divine Love
18:
2810:
1762:kentishcobnutsassociation
1563:10.1007/s00606-013-0942-3
1513:List of hazelnut diseases
1362:(together, 7% of total).
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241:suggests that all of the
230:and Cass ny Hawin on the
58:. They are also known as
2172:Ramirez, Janina (2016).
1670:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1642:Moffat, Alistair (2005)
590:as secondary producers.
105:. They are also used in
89:, they are used to make
69:Hazelnuts are used as a
2075:"Nuts, whole hazelnuts"
2039:Medrich, Alice (2015).
1219:US recommendations
1223:the National Academies
625:Hazelnuts are used in
622:
414:
398:
144:
136:
66:according to species.
31:
2864:Edible nuts and seeds
1716:. Roughway Farm. 2019
1487:) eating a hazelnut,
1441:made with hazelnuts,
1437:Piccillatti, typical
1386:William Shakespeare's
815:Vitamins and minerals
688:are used, often with
601:
412:
396:
316:Silvopastoral systems
206:pit on the island of
143:Hazelnut tree, Turkey
142:
134:
29:
16:Nut of the hazel tree
2509:Vegetable shortening
2248:Edible fats and oils
2199:at Wikimedia Commons
1691:Flora of NW Europe:
1350:(13% of total), and
359:improve this article
2794:Watermelon seed oil
1940:10.3390/su132212860
1839:2016CrPro..80....7K
1738:. BBC. 15 July 2018
1628:British Archaeology
1555:2014PSyEv.300.1035M
1344:polyunsaturated fat
1336:monounsaturated fat
1270:essential nutrients
937:Pantothenic acid (B
324:silvoarable systems
318:where animals like
115:monounsaturated fat
1900:Acta Horticulturae
1758:"What is a Cobnut"
1700:2008-05-02 at the
1594:Lim T. K. (2012).
1539:(Corylus avellana)
1518:The Hazelnut Child
1268:, DV) of numerous
1184:Other constituents
635:chocolate truffles
623:
427:Production in 2021
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145:
137:
99:chocolate truffles
32:
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2449:Other animal fats
2195:Media related to
2139:978-0-309-48834-1
1810:20.500.12327/1330
1372:Julian of Norwich
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555:
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312:yield reduction.
213:radiocarbon dated
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2774:Pumpkin seed oil
2674:Mongongo nut oil
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2528:
2394:Clarified butter
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2197:Corylus avellana
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2015:Yeni Ansiklopedi
2007:
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1961:. Archived from
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1549:(5): 1035–1046.
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1485:Sciurus vulgaris
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1402:English Romantic
1391:Romeo and Juliet
1342:(75% of total),
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957:
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851:Vitamin A equiv.
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55:Corylus avellana
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2601:palm kernel oil
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2545:Shark liver oil
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2176:. London: SPCK.
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2049:. p. 157.
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1426:
1423:
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1368:
1256:
1252:
1249:
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1246:In a 100-gram (
1212:
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1139:
1126:
1113:
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1087:
1074:
1061:
1049:
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308:Corylus colurna
295:
293:Cropping system
277:origin between
266:
239:pollen analysis
220: 6000 BCE
219:
196:
191:
173:
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149:
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129:
24:
21:Hazel (Corylus)
17:
12:
11:
5:
2877:
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2867:
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2856:
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2841:
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2834:
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2820:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
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2800:
2799:
2797:
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2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Grape seed oil
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Apple seed oil
2716:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2697:
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2477:Vegetable fats
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2463:
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2186:
2185:External links
2183:
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2117:
2084:
2065:
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2031:
2002:
1975:
1946:
1927:Sustainability
1913:
1902:(737): 71–78.
1890:
1872:(2): 105–110.
1852:
1816:
1773:
1749:
1727:
1714:"Kent cobnuts"
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30:Ripe hazelnuts
15:
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2:
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2828:Essential oil
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2816:
2813:
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2809:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Rice bran oil
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:Poppyseed oil
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
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2737:
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2720:
2717:
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2712:
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2709:
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2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Pistachio oil
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Macadamia oil
2662:
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2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
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2213:at Wiktionary
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2056:9781579656850
2052:
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2047:Artisan Books
2044:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2021:on 2012-01-04
2020:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1965:on 2019-08-09
1964:
1960:
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1459:
1456:Hazelnut cake
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:palmitic acid
1353:
1352:saturated fat
1349:
1348:linoleic acid
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
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1298:
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1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:dietary fiber
1278:
1273:
1272:(see table).
1271:
1267:
1263:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:carbohydrates
1234:
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1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
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1162:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1003:
1001:
997:
990:
988:
984:
977:
975:
967:
960:
958:
951:
944:
942:
934:
927:
925:
917:
910:
908:
903:Riboflavin (B
900:
893:
891:
883:
867:
864:
861:
856:
855:beta-Carotene
852:
848:
843:
838:
835:
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:
812:
808:
802:
799:
798:
792:
788:
784:
778:
775:
774:
768:
764:
760:
756:
754:
753:Dietary fiber
750:
746:
744:
740:
734:
731:
730:
729:Carbohydrates
724:
720:
716:
714:
710:
705:
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664:
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621:
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613:
609:
605:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
584:United States
581:
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573:
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563:
559:
551:
548:
546:
543:
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538:
536:
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524:
520:
518:
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500:
489:
488:
484:
482:
481:United States
471:
470:
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448:
446:
435:
434:
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407:
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353:
348:This section
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141:
133:
126:
124:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:confectionery
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
28:
22:
2789:Tea seed oil
2684:Pine nut oil
2659:Hazelnut oil
2613:Rapeseed oil
2494:Mango butter
2489:Cocoa butter
2404:Niter kibbeh
2209:
2173:
2167:
2156:. Retrieved
2128:
2120:
2109:. Retrieved
2100:
2087:
2079:The Guardian
2078:
2068:
2060:
2041:
2034:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1967:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1958:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1899:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1869:
1865:
1855:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1708:
1693:
1687:
1674:. Macmillan
1671:
1651:
1643:
1627:
1596:
1589:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1484:
1481:Red squirrel
1395:
1389:
1375:
1369:
1360:stearic acid
1354:, mainly as
1329:
1274:
1245:
1230:
1188:
1183:
1045:
1040:
1033:
841:
836:
829:
804:14.95 g
795:
780:60.75 g
771:
736:16.70 g
727:
683:
677:
660:
638:
624:
569:
560:
556:
549:
544:
416:
404:
400:
377:
368:
357:Please help
352:verification
349:
314:
306:
296:
287:
279:common hazel
267:
257:
253:
251:
247:
236:
197:
146:
119:
111:Hazelnut oil
110:
68:
63:
59:
53:
47:
35:
33:
2823:Cooking oil
2759:Perilla oil
2749:Mustard oil
2724:Avocado oil
2623:Soybean oil
2576:Coconut oil
2504:Shea butter
2430:Chicken fat
1883:12 November
1626:(Dec 1995)
1266:Daily Value
1262:food energy
1198:5.31 g
886:Thiamine (B
747:4.34 g
679:churchkhela
627:confections
232:Isle of Man
189:Cultivation
127:Description
2843:Categories
2818:Plant oils
2784:Sesame oil
2729:Castor oil
2703:Fruit and
2694:Walnut oil
2669:Marula oil
2654:Cashew oil
2644:Almond oil
2608:Peanut oil
2569:Major oils
2555:Vegetables
2305:Pork belly
2158:2024-06-21
2111:2024-03-28
2025:2017-12-15
1969:2014-11-07
1793:(9): 267.
1767:2021-11-12
1742:4 February
1720:4 February
1572:10348/6564
1524:References
1508:Frangelico
1502:Filbertone
1406:John Keats
1366:In culture
1346:mainly as
1340:oleic acid
1309:B vitamins
1297:phosphorus
1239:, and 15%
1107:Phosphorus
863:zeaxanthin
757:9.7 g
682:and sauce
620:Brazil nut
588:Azerbaijan
566:Production
499:Azerbaijan
371:April 2021
331:Harvesting
200:Mesolithic
107:Frangelico
44:hazel tree
2849:Hazelnuts
2764:Pequi oil
2754:Olive oil
2706:seed oils
2679:Pecan oil
2649:Argan oil
2591:Olive oil
2499:Margarine
2466:Whale oil
2320:Salt pork
2265:Pork fats
1959:gov.on.ca
1397:To Autumn
1382:Queen Mab
1327:(table).
1325:potassium
1313:vitamin K
1305:magnesium
1301:manganese
1285:vitamin E
1243:(table).
1120:Potassium
1094:Manganese
1081:Magnesium
1013:Vitamin K
1000:Vitamin E
987:Vitamin C
970:Folate (B
954:Vitamin B
920:Niacin (B
700:Nutrition
662:Dacquoise
653:Kyiv cake
550:1,077,117
299:suckering
270:cultivars
268:The many
264:Cultivars
109:liqueur.
95:chocolate
73:food, in
2814:See also
2739:Hemp oil
2637:Nut oils
2596:Palm oil
2581:Corn oil
2440:Schmaltz
2435:Duck fat
2370:Tail fat
2355:Dripping
2315:Pancetta
2288:Szalonna
2210:hazelnut
2152:Archived
2148:30844154
2105:Archived
2095:(2024).
2011:"Fındık"
1995:29 April
1878:26084088
1833:: 7–14.
1698:Archived
1581:18832843
1496:See also
1439:biscuits
1189:Quantity
1133:Selenium
1101:6.175 mg
1041:Quantity
1035:Minerals
1007:15.03 mg
964:0.563 mg
948:0.918 mg
914:0.113 mg
897:0.643 mg
837:Quantity
831:Vitamins
657:meringue
640:gianduja
631:pralines
629:to make
449:684,000
430:(tonnes)
424:Country
303:grafting
254:brutting
208:Colonsay
79:desserts
64:filberts
36:hazelnut
2854:Corylus
2456:Blubber
2421:Poultry
2273:Fatback
1835:Bibcode
1551:Bibcode
1489:England
1412:Gallery
1400:by the
1317:calcium
1293:thiamin
1277:protein
1255:⁄
1241:protein
1166:2.45 mg
1055:Calcium
1020:14.2 μg
797:Protein
690:walnuts
685:satsivi
645:Austria
539:35,291
521:46,000
517:Georgia
503:67,630
485:70,310
467:84,670
283:filbert
224:Farnham
194:History
172:⁄
162:⁄
152:⁄
103:Nutella
91:praline
60:cobnuts
49:Corylus
42:of the
38:is the
2461:Muktuk
2389:Butter
2365:Tallow
2346:mutton
2325:Tocino
2300:Lardon
2146:
2136:
2053:
1876:
1678:
1604:
1579:
1443:Sicily
1323:, and
1303:, and
1235:, 17%
1146:Sodium
1140:2.4 μg
1127:680 mg
1114:290 mg
1088:163 mg
1075:4.7 mg
1062:114 mg
994:6.3 mg
981:113 μg
931:1.8 mg
860:lutein
743:Sugars
713:Energy
694:muesli
673:; the
649:tortes
618:, and
616:almond
612:cashew
604:peanut
586:, and
582:, the
574:. The
572:tonnes
532:
514:
496:
478:
460:
445:Turkey
442:
275:hybrid
228:Surrey
204:midden
121:Turkey
83:muesli
75:baking
2532:Fishs
2380:Dairy
2332:Speck
2310:Bacon
2278:Lardo
1577:S2CID
1404:poet
1388:play
1195:Water
879:92 μg
876:11 μg
675:snack
643:. In
608:pecan
580:Italy
545:World
535:Chile
463:Italy
243:hazel
85:. In
71:snack
40:fruit
2560:List
2523:Oils
2423:fats
2409:Smen
2399:Ghee
2382:fats
2360:Suet
2348:fats
2342:Beef
2295:Lard
2283:Salo
2256:Fats
2144:PMID
2134:ISBN
2051:ISBN
1997:2023
1885:2023
1874:PMID
1744:2019
1722:2019
1676:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1358:and
1321:zinc
1289:iron
1159:Zinc
1153:0 mg
1099:268%
1068:Iron
1005:100%
871:1 μg
669:and
594:Food
320:pigs
281:and
258:plat
183:seed
179:husk
97:for
77:and
34:The
2101:FDA
1935:doi
1904:doi
1843:doi
1805:hdl
1795:doi
1567:hdl
1559:doi
1547:300
1338:as
1332:fat
1233:fat
1164:22%
1125:23%
1112:23%
1086:39%
1073:26%
1046:%DV
1018:12%
979:28%
962:33%
946:18%
929:11%
895:54%
842:%DV
773:Fat
361:by
226:in
62:or
2845::
2150:.
2142:.
2103:.
2099:.
2077:.
2059:.
2045:.
2013:.
1978:^
1957:.
1931:13
1929:.
1925:.
1870:79
1868:.
1864:.
1841:.
1831:80
1829:.
1803:.
1789:.
1785:.
1760:.
1663:^
1635:^
1616:^
1575:.
1565:.
1557:.
1545:.
1408:.
1319:,
1315:,
1299:,
1295:,
1291:,
1287:,
1283:,
1279:,
1151:0%
1138:4%
1060:9%
992:7%
912:9%
874:0%
869:0%
633:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
285:.
260:.
234:.
217:c.
2562:)
2558:(
2344:/
2240:e
2233:t
2226:v
2161:.
2114:.
2081:.
2028:.
1999:.
1972:.
1943:.
1937::
1910:.
1906::
1887:.
1849:.
1845::
1837::
1813:.
1807::
1797::
1791:7
1770:.
1746:.
1724:.
1682:.
1610:.
1583:.
1569::
1561::
1553::
1483:(
1257:2
1253:1
1250:+
1248:3
1225:.
974:)
972:9
956:6
941:)
939:5
924:)
922:3
907:)
905:2
890:)
888:1
384:)
378:(
373:)
369:(
355:.
174:8
170:5
167:–
164:8
160:3
154:8
150:5
23:.
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