Headache - Knowledge (XXG)

1179:. Migraines are often unilateral, pulsing headaches accompanied by nausea or vomiting. There may be an aura (visual symptoms, numbness or tingling) 30–60 minutes before the headache, warning the person of a headache. Migraines may also not have auras. Tension-type headaches usually have bilateral "bandlike" pressure on both sides of the head usually without nausea or vomiting. However, some symptoms from both headache groups may overlap. It is important to distinguish between the two because the treatments are different. 1264:) should be done. If the CT scan does not show a bleed, a lumbar puncture should be done to look for blood in the CSF, as the CT scan can be falsely negative and subarachnoid hemorrhages can be fatal. If there are signs of infection such as fever, rash, or stiff neck, a lumbar puncture to look for meningitis should be considered. If there is jaw claudication and scalp tenderness in an older person, a temporal artery biopsy to look for temporal arteritis should be performed and immediate treatment should be started. 2702: 1614: 1809: 310:: dull, bilateral headache that starts during sexual activity and becomes much worse during orgasm. These headaches are thought to be due to lower pressure in the head during sex. It is important to realize that headaches that begin during orgasm may be due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, so serious causes must be ruled out first. These headaches are treated by advising the person to stop sex if they develop a headache. Medications such as 1292: 343: 49: 1828:. He made a distinction between three different types of headache: i) cephalalgia, by which he indicates a sudden onset, temporary headache; ii) cephalea, referring to a chronic type of headache; and iii) heterocrania, a paroxysmal headache on one side of the head. Another classification system that resembles the modern ones was published by 1943:. Generally, headaches caused by brain masses are incapacitating and accompanied by vomiting. One study found characteristics associated with brain tumor in children are: headache for greater than 6 months, headache related to sleep, vomiting, confusion, no visual symptoms, no family history of migraine and abnormal 1936:. If a child with a recurrent headache has a normal physical exam, neuroimaging is not recommended. Guidelines state children with abnormal neurologic exams, confusion, seizures and recent onset of worst headache of life, change in headache type or anything suggesting neurologic problems should receive neuroimaging. 1950:

Some measures can help prevent headaches in children. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day, avoiding caffeine, getting enough and regular sleep, eating balanced meals at the proper times, and reducing stress and excess of activities may prevent headaches. Treatments for children are similar to

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indicating a dangerous secondary headache should receive neuroimaging. The best form of neuroimaging for these headaches is controversial. Non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scan is usually the first step in head imaging as it is readily available in Emergency Departments and hospitals and is

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are present such as visual loss, new seizures, new weakness, new confusion, further workup with imaging and possibly a lumbar puncture should be done (see red flags section for more details). If the headache is sudden onset (thunderclap headache), a computed tomography test to look for a brain bleed

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is caused by constriction of intracranial vessels (vessels inside the brain), and the headache itself is caused by rebound dilation of extracranial vessels (vessels just outside the brain). Dilation of these extracranial blood vessels activates the pain receptors in the surrounding nerves, causing a

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Ninety percent of all headaches are primary headaches. Primary headaches usually first start when people are between 20 and 40 years old. The most common types of primary headaches are migraines and tension-type headaches. They have different characteristics. Migraines typically present with pulsing

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he prevalence was on average 46% based on 35 different studies from all over the world, but the variation was immense, between 1% and 87%. The lifetime prevalence was much as expected – 64%, varying between 8% and 96% in 14 studies. For current chronic headache, the average of 10 studies was 3.4%,

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The US Headache Consortium has guidelines for neuroimaging of non-acute headaches. Most old, chronic headaches do not require neuroimaging. If a person has the characteristic symptoms of a migraine, neuroimaging is not needed as it is very unlikely the person has an intracranial abnormality. If the

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In general, children experience the same types of headaches as adults do, but their symptoms may be slightly different. The diagnostic approach to headaches in children is similar to that of adults. However, young children may not be able to verbalize pain well. If a young child is fussy, they may

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of headache varies widely depending on how the survey was conducted, with studies finding lifetime prevalence of as low as 8% to as high as 96%. Most of these headaches are not dangerous. Only approximately 1–5% of people who seek emergency treatment for headaches have a serious underlying cause.

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The first step to diagnosing a headache is to determine if the headache is old or new. A "new headache" can be a headache that has started recently, or a chronic headache that has changed character. For example, if a person has chronic weekly headaches with pressure on both sides of his head, and

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Children who have headaches will not necessarily have headaches as adults. In one study of 100 children with headache, eight years later 44% of those with tension headache and 28% of those with migraines were headache free. In another study of people with chronic daily headache, 75% did not have

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For chronic, unexplained headaches, keeping a headache diary can be useful for tracking symptoms and identifying triggers, such as association with menstrual cycle, exercise and food. While mobile electronic diaries for smartphones are becoming increasingly common, a recent review found most are

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3). If only 2 POUND characteristics are present, tension-type headaches are 60% more likely (likelihood ratio 0.41). Another study found the following factors independently each increase the chance of migraine over tension-type headache: nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, exacerbation by physical

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primary exertional headache: throbbing, pulsatile pain which starts during or after exercising, lasting for 5 minutes to 24 hours. The mechanism behind these headaches is unclear, possibly due to straining causing veins in the head to dilate, causing pain. These headaches can be prevented by not

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For people with extended periods of cluster headaches, preventive therapy can be necessary. Verapamil is recommended as first line treatment. Lithium can also be useful. For people with shorter bouts, a short course of prednisone (10 days) can be helpful. Ergotamine is useful if given 1–2 hours

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In general, people complaining of their "first" or "worst" headache warrant imaging and further workup. People with progressively worsening headache also warrant imaging, as they may have a mass or a bleed that is gradually growing, pressing on surrounding structures and causing worsening pain.

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primary cough headache: starts suddenly and lasts for several minutes after coughing, sneezing or straining (anything that may increase pressure in the head). Serious causes (see secondary headaches red flag section) must be ruled out before a diagnosis of "benign" primary cough headache can be

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Preventive medications are generally recommended when people have more than four attacks of migraine per month, headaches last longer than 12 hours or the headaches are very disabling. Possible therapies include beta blockers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants and NSAIDs. The type of preventive

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for headache disorders. The first version of the classification, ICHD-1, was published in 1988. The current revision, ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The classification uses numeric codes. The top, one-digit diagnostic level includes 14 headache groups. The first four of these are classified as

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More than 90% of headaches are primary headaches. Most of these primary headaches are tension headaches. Most people with tension headaches have "episodic" tension headaches that come and go. Only 3.3% of adults have chronic tension headaches, with headaches for more than 15 days in a month.

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Migraines are currently thought to be caused by dysfunction of the nerves in the brain. Previously, migraines were thought to be caused by a primary problem with the blood vessels in the brain. This vascular theory, which was developed in the 20th century by Wolff, suggested that the aura in

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Approximately 1% of emergency department visits for children are for headache. Most of these headaches are not dangerous. The most common type of headache seen in pediatric emergency rooms is headache caused by a cold (28.5%). Other headaches diagnosed in the emergency department include

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Although the ICHD-2 is the most complete headache classification there is and it includes frequency in the diagnostic criteria of some types of headaches (primarily primary headaches), it does not specifically code frequency or severity which are left at the discretion of the examiner.

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head pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light) and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). Tension-type headaches usually present with non-pulsing "bandlike" pressure on both sides of the head, not accompanied by other symptoms. Such kind of headaches may be further classified into-

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A number of characteristics make it more likely that the headache is due to potentially dangerous secondary causes which may be life-threatening or cause long-term damage. These "red flag" symptoms mean that a headache warrants further investigation with neuroimaging and lab tests.

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Calculating the mean of all the studies comprising more than 205,000 adult participants, current headache occurred in 53% of adults (61% among women and 45% among men).... The total lifetime prevalence of headache among adults was as expected higher than that of current headache

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is a procedure in which cerebral spinal fluid is removed from the spine with a needle. A lumbar puncture is necessary to look for infection or blood in the spinal fluid. A lumbar puncture can also evaluate the pressure in the spinal column, which can be useful for people with

1406:'s International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), which published the second edition in 2004. The third edition of the International Headache Classification was published in 2013 in a beta version ahead of the final version. This classification is accepted by the 967:

A bleed in the brain irritates the meninges which causes pain. Pituitary apoplexy (bleeding or impaired blood supply to the pituitary gland at the base of the brain) is often accompanied by double vision or visual field defects, since the pituitary gland is right next to the

270:: short episodes (15–180 minutes) of severe pain, usually around one eye, with autonomic symptoms (tearing, red eye, nasal congestion) which occur at the same time every day. Cluster headaches can be treated with triptans and prevented with prednisone, ergotamine or lithium. 1156:

Coughing and exertion increases the intra cranial pressure, which may cause a vessel to burst, causing a subarachnoid hemorrhage. A mass lesion already increases intracranial pressure, so an additional increase in intracranial pressure from coughing etc. will cause

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The NIH system of classification is more succinct and only describes five categories of headaches. In this case, primary headaches are those that do not show organic or structural causes. According to this classification, primary headaches can only be vascular,

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or different intracranial vascular disorders. Other secondary headaches are those due to intracranial disorders that are not vascular such as low or high pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure, non-infectious inflammatory disease, intracranial neoplasm,

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Most headaches can be diagnosed by the clinical history alone. If the symptoms described by the person sound dangerous, further testing with neuroimaging or lumbar puncture may be necessary. Electroencephalography (EEG) is not useful for headache diagnosis.

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in a different category. According to this system, there are 19 types of neuralgias and headaches due to different central causes of facial pain. Moreover, the ICHD-2 includes a category that contains all the headaches that cannot be classified.

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Temporal arteritis is an inflammation of vessels close to the temples in older people, which decreases blood flow to the brain and causes pain. May also have tenderness in temples or jaw claudication. Some brain cancers are more common in older

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Amin FM, Asghar MS, Hougaard A, Hansen AE, Larsen VA, de Koning PJ, et al. (May 2013). "Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with spontaneous migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study".

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and norepinephrine, and also reduces muscle tenderness by a separate mechanism. Studies evaluating acupuncture for tension-type headaches have been mixed. Overall, they show that acupuncture is probably not helpful for tension-type headaches.

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blocks) can abort and prevent migraines, tension headaches and cluster headaches. It was originally described by American ENT surgeon Greenfield Sluder in 1908. Both blocks and neurostimulation have been studied as treatment for headaches.

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ICHD-2 classifies headaches that are caused by the ingestion of a certain substance or by its withdrawal as secondary headaches as well. This type of headache may result from the overuse of some medications or exposure to some substances.

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and systemic infections may also cause secondary headaches. The ICHD-2 system of classification includes the headaches associated with homeostasis disorders in the category of secondary headaches. This means that headaches caused by

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It can be challenging to differentiate between low-risk, benign headaches and high-risk, dangerous headaches since symptoms are often similar. Headaches that are possibly dangerous require further lab tests and imaging to diagnose.

2222:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 205:

About half of adults have a headache in a given year. Tension headaches are the most common, affecting about 1.6 billion people (21.8% of the population) followed by migraine headaches which affect about 848 million (11.7%).

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is a type of primary headache. While primary headaches may cause significant daily pain and disability, they are not dangerous from a physiological point of view. Secondary headaches are caused by an underlying disease, like an

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People with HIV or cancer are immunosuppressed so are likely to get infections of the meninges or infections in the brain causing abscesses. Cancer can metastasize, or travel through the blood or lymph to other sites in the

324:: a moderate-severe headache that starts a few hours after falling asleep and lasts 15–30 minutes. The headache may recur several times during the night. Hypnic headaches are usually in older women. They may be treated with 2861:

Edlow JA, Panagos PD, Godwin SA, Thomas TL, Decker WW (October 2008). "Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute headache".

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are relatively rare (1 in 1000 people) and are more common in men than women. They present with sudden onset explosive pain around one eye and are accompanied by autonomic symptoms (tearing, runny nose and red eye).

296:: recurrent episodes of stabbing "ice pick pain" or "jabs and jolts" for 1 second to several minutes without autonomic symptoms (tearing, red eye, nasal congestion). These headaches can be treated with indomethacin. 191:; the effects of medications (overuse) and recreational drugs, including withdrawal; viral infections; loud noises; head injury; rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage; and dental or sinus issues (such as 1666:

Abortive therapies for migraines may be oral, if the migraine is mild to moderate, or may require stronger medicine given intravenously or intramuscularly. Mild to moderate headaches should first be treated with

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Approximately 12–18% of people in the world have migraines. More women than men experience migraines. In Europe and North America, 5–9% of men experience migraines, while 12–25% of women experience migraines.

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can be somewhat improved by lifestyle changes, but most people require medicines to control their symptoms. Medications are either to prevent getting migraines, or to reduce symptoms once a migraine starts.

6207: 474:(increased pressure in the eyeball): a headache that starts with eye pain, blurry vision, associated with nausea and vomiting. On physical exam, the person will have red eyes and a fixed, mid-dilated pupil. 2316: 462:(a form of cancer): dull headache, worse with exertion and change in position, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Often, the person will have nausea and vomiting for weeks before the headache starts. 575:

Headaches often result from traction or irritation of the meninges and blood vessels. The pain receptors may be stimulated by head trauma or tumours and cause headaches. Blood vessel spasms, dilated

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headache. The vascular theory is no longer accepted. Studies have shown migraine head pain is not accompanied by extracranial vasodilation, but rather only has some mild intracranial vasodilation.

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American College of Emergency Physicians (January 2002). "Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute headache".

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Guidetti V, Galli F, Fabrizi P, Giannantoni AS, Napoli L, Bruni O, et al. (September 1998). "Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: clinical aspects and outcome in an 8-year follow-up study".

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People who are more susceptible to experiencing migraines without headaches are those who have a family history of migraines, women, and women who are experiencing hormonal changes or are taking

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Melchart D, Streng A, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Becker-Witt C, Hammes M, et al. (December 2005). "The acupuncture randomised trial (ART) for tension-type headache--details of the treatment".

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Primary headaches are more difficult to understand than secondary headaches. The exact mechanisms which cause migraines, tension headaches and cluster headaches are not known. There have been

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Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton R, Scher A, et al. (March 2007). "The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide".

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Currently, most specialists think migraines are due to a primary problem with the nerves in the brain. Auras are thought to be caused by a wave of increased activity of neurons in the

1675:. If accompanied by nausea or vomiting, an antiemetic such as metoclopramide (Reglan) can be given orally or rectally. Moderate to severe attacks should be treated first with an oral 225:

Headaches are broadly classified as "primary" or "secondary". Primary headaches are benign, recurrent headaches not caused by underlying disease or structural problems. For example,

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Lewis DW, Dorbad D (September 2000). "The utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of children with migraine or chronic daily headache who have normal neurological examinations".

468:: inflammatory disease of arteries common in the elderly (average age 70) with fever, headache, weight loss, jaw claudication, tender vessels by the temples, polymyalgia rheumatica 4555:"Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology" 3994:"Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology" 1627:

Primary headache syndromes have many different possible treatments. In those with chronic headaches the long term use of opioids appears to result in greater harm than benefit.

1295:, or back of the brain. MRI is more sensitive for identifying intracranial problems, however it can pick up brain abnormalities that are not relevant to the person's headaches. 7011: 4763:

Hao XA, Xue CC, Dong L, Zheng Z (April 2013). "Factors associated with conflicting findings on acupuncture for tension-type headache: qualitative and quantitative analyses".

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are considered secondary headaches. Secondary headaches, according to the same classification system, can also be due to the injury of any of the facial structures including

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Cluster headaches are relatively uncommon. They affect only 1–3 per thousand people in the world. Cluster headaches affect approximately three times as many men as women.

1432: 1426: 528:(CVS). CVS is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting, and often occur alongside symptoms similar to those of migraine headaches (photophobia, abdominal pain, etc.). 1394:(usually young, obese women who have increased intracranial pressure), or other causes of increased intracranial pressure. In most cases, a CT scan should be done first. 5501: 1474:) are classified as primary headaches. The daily-persistent headaches along with the hypnic headache and thunderclap headaches are considered primary headaches as well. 1784:

find that approximately 64–77% of adults have had a headache at some point in their lives. During each year, on average, 46–53% of people have headaches. However, the

7461: 5952: 1683:(an agonist) and causes mild vasoconstriction. If accompanied by nausea and vomiting, parenteral (through a needle in the skin) triptans and antiemetics can be given. 4070:

Strain JD, Strife JL, Kushner DC, Babcock DS, Cohen HL, Gelfand MJ, et al. (June 2000). "Headache. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria".

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Gronseth GS, Greenberg MK (July 1995). "The utility of the electroencephalogram in the evaluation of patients presenting with headache: a review of the literature".

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Detsky ME, McDonald DR, Baerlocher MO, Tomlinson GA, McCrory DC, Booth CM (September 2006). "Does this patient with headache have a migraine or need neuroimaging?".

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Peripheral neuromodulation has tentative benefits in primary headaches including cluster headaches and chronic migraine. How it may work is still being looked into.

606:(a part of the brain) known as cortical spreading depression followed by a period of depressed activity. Some people think headaches are caused by the activation of 5947: 5404:

Medina LS, Kuntz KM, Pomeroy S (August 2001). "Children with headache suspected of having a brain tumor: a cost-effectiveness analysis of diagnostic strategies".

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Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions. There are a number of different classification systems for headaches. The most well-recognized is that of the

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Change in mental status indicates a global infection or inflammation of the brain, or a large bleed compressing the brainstem where the consciousness centers lie

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Treatment of secondary headaches involves treating their underlying cause. For example, a person with meningitis will require antibiotics, and a person with a

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for cluster headaches includes subcutaneous sumatriptan (injected under the skin) and triptan nasal sprays. High flow oxygen therapy also helps with relief.

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Several complementary and alternative strategies can help with migraines. The American Academy of Neurology guidelines for migraine treatment in 2000 stated

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medicine is usually chosen based on the other symptoms the person has. For example, if the person also has depression, an antidepressant is a good choice.

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One review article found that if 4–5 of the POUND characteristics are present, a migraine is 24 times as likely a diagnosis than a tension-type headache (

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A stiff neck, or inability to flex the neck due to pain, indicates inflammation of the meninges. Other signs of systemic illness indicates infection.

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Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators) (August 2015).

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autonomic headache as the main types of primary headaches. Also, according to the same classification, stabbing headaches and headaches due to

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cheaper than MRI. Non-contrast CT is best for identifying an acute head bleed. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is best for brain tumors and

6408: 6396: 5858: 1391: 1481:. According to the ICHD-2 classification, the main types of secondary headaches include those that are due to head or neck trauma such as 1869:

and reduce pressure in the brain) (11.5%) and migraine (8.5%). The most common serious headaches found in children include brain bleeds (

6997: 1502: 1223: 202:(especially in case of migraine or cluster headaches). A headache is one of the most commonly experienced of all physical discomforts. 6686: 6627: 6560: 6115: 482:

post-ictal headaches: Headaches that happen after a convulsion or other type of seizure, as part of the period after the seizure (the

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The American Headache Society recommends using "SSNOOP", a mnemonic to remember the red flags for identifying a secondary headache:

382: 5133: 3460: 1001:) it pushes more on surrounding structures causing pain. Medication overuse headaches worsen with more medication taken over time. 7456: 7416: 4225: 3060: 2363:

Goadsby PJ, Raskin NH (2012). "Chapter 14. Headache". In Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J (eds.).

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Kan L, Nagelberg J, Maytal J (January 2000). "Headaches in a pediatric emergency department: etiology, imaging, and treatment".

2530: 7577: 6449: 2617: 1932:. In these cases, the headache evaluation may include CT scan or MRI in order to look for possible structural disorders of the 1622: 1592: 1367: 1355: 1252:. They can, however, simply be the first presentation of a chronic headache syndrome, like migraine or tension-type headaches. 518: 7263: 5964: 5940: 5770: 1440: 1403: 1371: 1351: 364: 250:. Secondary headaches can be dangerous. Certain "red flags" or warning signs indicate a secondary headache may be dangerous. 172: 6156: 2554: 2273: 583:

sends a message up the length of the nerve fibre to the nerve cells in the brain, signalling that a part of the body hurts.

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Burton LJ, Quinn B, Pratt-Cheney JL, Pourani M (February 1997). "Headache etiology in a pediatric emergency department".

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24). If 3 characteristics of POUND are present, migraine is 3 times more likely a diagnosis than tension type headache (

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Focal neurological signs indicate something is pushing against nerves in the brain responsible for one part of the body

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or other types of disorders or diseases that are intracranial but that are not associated with the vasculature of the

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Clinch C. Chapter 28. Evaluation & Management of Headache - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Family Medicine

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are not helpful in tension-type headaches unless the person also has migraines. For chronic tension type headaches,

7693: 7646: 6600: 6150: 5822: 4895:"Peripheral neuromodulation and headaches: history, clinical approach, and considerations on underlying mechanisms" 1882: 1862: 1510: 784: 579:, inflammation or infection of meninges and muscular tension can also stimulate pain receptors. Once stimulated, a 510: 477: 6492: 353: 7061: 6550: 6518: 6470: 6319: 5898: 3934: 3920: 1745:

is a medication which treats depression and also independently treats pain. It works by blocking the reuptake of

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The American College for Emergency Physicians published criteria for low-risk headaches. They are as follows:

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Just as in adults, most headaches are benign, but when head pain is accompanied with other symptoms such as

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The American College of Radiology recommends the following imaging tests for different specific situations:

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activity, unilateral, throbbing quality, chocolate as a headache trigger, and cheese as a headache trigger.

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Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Lu SR (August 2009). "Chronic daily headache in adolescents: an 8-year follow-up study".

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Headaches may be caused by problems elsewhere in the head or neck. Some of these are not harmful, such as

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chronic daily headaches two years later, and 88% did not have chronic daily headaches eight years later.

399:(pain arising from the neck muscles). The excessive use of painkillers can paradoxically cause worsening 7661: 7549: 7378: 7151: 6989: 6502: 6376: 6194: 6172: 6087: 6010: 5920: 5907: 5832: 5495: 3384: 2715:

Aziz I, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS (September 2015). "The spectrum of noncoeliac gluten sensitivity".

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Lionetti E, Francavilla R, Pavone P, Pavone L, Francavilla T, Pulvirenti A, et al. (August 2010).

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The mnemonic 'POUND' helps distinguish between migraines and tension-type headaches. POUND stands for:

521:. The treatment of the gastrointestinal disorders may lead to a remission or improvement of headaches. 5372: 3897:

Evidence-based guidelines in the primary care setting: neuroimaging in patients with nonacute headache

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Frishberg BM, Rosenberg JH, Matchar DB, McCrory DC, Pietrzak MP, Rozen TD, et al. (April 2000).

3258: 942: 325: 273: 5444: 4504:"Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation - a systematic review" 3905: 1837: 837:

then develops a sudden severe throbbing headache on one side of his head, they have a new headache.

7066: 6927: 6803: 6368: 6015: 5870: 5810: 5632: 3758:"The diagnostic value of historical features in primary headache syndromes: a comprehensive review" 1866: 1695: 1568: 1544: 1482: 1444: 622: 494: 400: 283: 277: 1081:

Increased intracranial pressure pushes on the eyes (from inside the brain) and causes papilledema.

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Hadjikhani N, Sanchez Del Rio M, Wu O, Schwartz D, Bakker D, Fischl B, et al. (April 2001).

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those for adults, however certain medications such as narcotics should not be given to children.

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or other head or neck injury. Headaches caused by cranial or cervical vascular disorders such as

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Old headaches are usually primary headaches and are not dangerous. They are most often caused by

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Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Monreal-Robles R, Marfil-Rivera A (September 2016).

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are thought to be caused by the activation of peripheral nerves in the head and neck muscles.

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Melchart D, Streng A, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Witt C, Wagenpfeil S, et al. (August 2005).

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Jackson JL, Shimeall W, Sessums L, Dezee KJ, Becher D, Diemer M, et al. (October 2010).

3497:"Using the triptans to treat: Migraine headaches: Comparing effectiveness, safety, and price" 1413:

Other classification systems exist. One of the first published attempts was in 1951. The US

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person has neurological findings, such as weakness, on exam, neuroimaging may be considered.

1107:

Trauma can cause bleeding in the brain or shake the nerves, causing a post-traumatic headache

7489: 7339: 6775: 6750: 6732: 6424: 6295: 6290: 6075: 6070: 5524: 5475: 5413: 5338: 5295: 5255: 5247: 5176: 5141: 5069: 5028: 5020: 4954: 4914: 4906: 4862: 4854: 4807: 4772: 4735: 4727: 4686: 4645: 4637: 4566: 4525: 4515: 4474: 4464: 4405: 4318: 4273: 4202: 4167: 4040: 4005: 3964: 3844: 3834: 3769: 3658: 3623: 3541: 3468: 3431: 3423: 3325: 3317: 3276: 3266: 3211: 3167: 3130: 3032: 3022: 2978: 2970: 2871: 2833: 2825: 2812:

Hasler WL, Levinthal DJ, Tarbell SE, Adams KA, Li BU, Issenman RM, et al. (June 2019).

2784: 2774: 2724: 2672: 2591: 2460: 2450: 2401: 2241: 2233: 2192: 2184: 2085: 2014: 1825: 1808: 732: 673: 663: 642: 267: 260: 215: 188: 161: 80: 76: 4394:"Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: a position paper of the American Academy of Neurology" 618:, medications that treat migraines, block serotonin receptors and constrict blood vessels. 7592: 7559: 7544: 6823: 6813: 6346: 6037: 5721: 5568: 5108: 4453:"Optimal management of severe nausea and vomiting in migraine: improving patient outcomes" 3929: 2814:"Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Pathophysiology, comorbidities, and future research directions" 1944: 1893: 1889: 1540: 1471: 1386: 979: 801: 603: 321: 307: 4675:"Acupuncture for tension-type headache: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials" 3968: 3472: 3158:

Charles A (May 2013). "Vasodilation out of the picture as a cause of migraine headache".

614:, causing inflammation in arteries, dura and meninges and also cause some vasodilation. 556:

do have pain receptors and can thus sense pain. These include the extracranial arteries,

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Severe unilateral headache caused by possible dissection of carotid or arterial arteries

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The NIH classification consists of brief definitions of a limited number of headaches.

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People with neurological findings on exam, such as weakness, also need further workup.

768: 607: 561: 498: 263:

and chronic tension type headaches Other very rare types of primary headaches include:

5641: 5180: 4958: 4277: 4171: 3215: 3171: 2875: 2237: 936:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (diagnostic test for temporal arteritis), neuroimaging

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over time that attempt to explain what happens in the brain to cause these headaches.

7682: 7534: 7499: 7451: 7411: 7249: 7078: 6429: 6381: 6251: 6020: 5976: 5827: 5563: 5342: 5299: 5103:

Mattu M, Goyal D, Barrett JW, Broder J, DeAngelis M, Deblieux P, et al. (2007).

5073: 4714:

Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, Fei Y, Mehring M, Shin BC, et al. (April 2016).

4368:"Headache Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" 4206: 4193:

Ad Hoc Committee on Classification of Headache (1962). "Classification of Headache".

3281: 3246: 2694: 2677: 2660: 2423: 1901: 1878: 1829: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1668: 1509:

are also defined as secondary headaches. This type of headache may also be caused by

1449: 1020: 1016: 815: 576: 514: 5698: 5637: 5544: 5358: 5315: 5089: 4827: 4338: 3984: 3561: 3231: 3187: 304:

exercising too strenuously and can be treated with medications such as indomethacin.

7446: 7431: 7426: 7136: 7083: 7073: 5925: 5795: 5778: 5167:

Rothner AD (June 1995). "The evaluation of headaches in children and adolescents".

4731: 4436:

Bajwa ZH, Sabahat A. Swanson JW (ed.). Preventive Treatment of Migraine in Adults.

2744: 2406: 2279: 1909: 1640: 1564: 1436: 1049: 1045: 975: 969: 793: 646: 569: 414: 5215:. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD (eds.). 4029:"Neuroimaging for the evaluation of chronic headaches: an evidence-based analysis" 3357:. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD (eds.). 2891: 5652: 5528: 4843:"Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache: randomised controlled trial" 4410: 4393: 3774: 3757: 2293: 2089: 7656: 7582: 7567: 7529: 7484: 7441: 7436: 7334: 7308: 7141: 7108: 7032: 5884: 5845: 5787: 5682: 4858: 4691: 4674: 3427: 1940: 1929: 1845: 1636: 1066: 1061:

Neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, serology (diagnostic blood tests for infections)

537: 459: 342: 311: 287: 247: 235: 180: 108: 48: 5663: 3719: 3627: 3251:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3247:"Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex" 2018: 1455:, central and primary facial pain and other headaches for the last two groups. 1118:

Arteriovenous malformation, collagen vascular disease, intracranial mass lesion

198:

Treatment of a headache depends on the underlying cause, but commonly involves

7605: 7519: 7357: 7293: 7225: 7221: 6968: 6854: 5995: 5865: 5704: 5251: 5024: 4910: 4626:"Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis" 4520: 3823:"Commercially available mobile phone headache diary apps: a systematic review" 3321: 3092:"Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of migraine in adults" 2933: 2728: 2455: 1964: 1925: 1917: 1905: 1841: 1785: 1535: 1490: 1463: 1230:(headache caused by pain in muscles of the neck) are also possible diagnoses. 1076: 1041: 1024: 1012: 998: 580: 545: 483: 410: 2779: 2763:"Gastrointestinal disorders associated with migraine: A comprehensive review" 2595: 2415: 2188: 1686:

Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPG block, also known nasal ganglion block or

441:(with acute, severe headache, stiff neck without fever) because of any origin 7641: 7610: 7600: 7494: 7421: 7401: 7393: 7365: 7316: 7303: 6105: 6056: 6044: 6027: 5959: 5693: 5622: 5618: 5614: 4272:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 97. Elsevier. pp. 473–481. 3662: 1746: 1718: 1680: 1672: 1655: 1575: 1506: 1452: 1172: 1150:

Headache triggered by cough, exertion or while engaged in sexual intercourse

611: 595: 315: 222:, determine whether additional tests are needed and what treatment is best. 199: 192: 120: 84: 66: 5709: 5536: 5425: 5417: 5307: 5269: 5081: 5042: 4976: 4928: 4876: 4819: 4784: 4776: 4749: 4700: 4659: 4580: 4539: 4488: 4419: 4330: 4295: 4179: 4158:

Brown MR (September 1951). "The classification and treatment of headache".

4083: 4054: 4019: 3976: 3874:"Chapter 18: I Have a Patient with Headache. How Do I Determine the Cause?" 3858: 3783: 3735: 3704: 3691:

Hainer BL, Matheson EM (May 2013). "Approach to acute headache in adults".

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There are more than 200 types of headaches. Some are harmless and some are

5487: 5350: 5188: 3800:(19th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 8 April 2015. pp. 2594–2595. 3553: 3545: 7216: 7211: 7195: 7178: 6895: 6720: 6285: 6243: 6097: 6000: 4811: 4571: 4554: 4010: 3993: 3839: 3590:

The Patient History: An Evidence-Based Approach to Differential Diagnosis

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Secondary headaches are classified based on their cause and not on their

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of head and neck with and without contrast, MRI of head without contrast

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When children complain of headaches, many parents are concerned about a

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of the meninges which presents with fever and meningismus, or stiff neck

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Hundert AS, Huguet A, McGrath PJ, Stinson JN, Wheaton M (August 2014).

3361:(7th ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Archived from 2756: 2754: 2388:

Damayanti Y, Marhaendraputro EA, Santoso WM, Rahmawati D (2021-03-02).

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malfunction. Only 4–6.9% of kids with a headache have a serious cause.

1758: 1726: 1552: 615: 367: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 184: 5009:"Prevalence of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project" 4641: 2829: 2173:"Headache disorders: differentiating and managing the common subtypes" 7103: 6324: 6065: 6032: 5609: 5582: 3119:"The vascular theory of migraine--a great story wrecked by the facts" 2974: 1714: 1574:

The ICHD-2 classification puts cranial neuralgias and other types of

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Emergency medicine: Avoiding the pitfalls and improving the outcomes

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post-traumatic headache (20%), headache related to a problem with a

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Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)

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Headache with signs of total body illness (fever, stiff neck, rash)

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may be considered for migraine treatment, along with medications.

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Headache in people older than 60 with suspected temporal arteritis

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More serious causes of secondary headaches include the following:

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Olesen PJ, Goadsby NM, Ramadan P, Tfelt-Hansen KM, Welch (2005).

4109:(Online ed.). International Headache Society. Archived from 2005:

Silberstein SD (2022-03-09), Lynch ME, Craig KD, Peng PW (eds.),

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One recommended diagnostic approach is as follows. If any urgent

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developed with a lack of evidence base and scientific expertise.

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Davis MA, Kononowech RW, Rolin SA, Spierings EL (August 2008).

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Website The International Headache Classification (ICHD-3 Beta)

2317:"The Johns Hopkins Headache Center - Primary Exertion Headache" 902:

Previous headache history (first, worst, or different headache)

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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide

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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide

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Clinical Neurology 8/E:Chapter 6. Headache & Facial Pain

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American Headache Society Committee on Headache Education.

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Manzoni GC, Stovner LJ (2010). "Epidemiology of headache".

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periodic occurrence; several per month to several per year

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The first recorded classification system was published by

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Neuroimaging of brain, skull, and possibly cervical spine

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Neuroimaging, lumbar puncture if neuroimaging is negative

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New onset headache in a person with possible HIV or cancer

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no new concerning history or physical examination findings

4716:"Acupuncture for the prevention of tension-type headache" 4309:

Obermann M, Holle D (September 2010). "Hypnic headache".

3880:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Archived from 2084:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 54–62, 1124:

Neuroimaging, blood tests for collagen vascular diseases

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and secondary headaches. Causes of headaches may include

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congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis

4599:"Tension type headaches in adults: Preventive treatment" 2390:"Profile of Primary Patients in Neurological Polyclinic" 564:, cranial and spinal nerves, head and neck muscles, the 7241: 5236:"Headache in an Italian pediatric emergency department" 1448:

primary headaches, groups 5-12 as secondary headaches,

3899:. St Paul, MN: US Headache Consortium. pp. 1–25. 3614:

Abrams BM (March 2013). "Factors that cause concern".

2509:. Lange Current Series (Third ed.). McGraw-Hill. 1462:, tension-types headaches, cluster headache and other 1129:

Change in personality, consciousness, or mental status

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Láinez MJ, García-Casado A, Gascón F (October 2013).

3925:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" 3588:. In Henderson MC, Tierney Jr LM, Smetana GW (eds.). 2903: 2901: 714:

Occur in periods of 15 days a month for three months

5587: 5373:"What Causes Headaches in Children and Adolescents?" 4131: 1563:. Headaches caused by psychiatric disorders such as 7624: 7591: 7558: 7512: 7477: 7392: 7348: 7325: 7286: 7279: 7204: 7160: 7121: 7092: 7040: 7031: 6961: 6913: 6886: 6863: 6845: 6836: 6794: 6766: 6741: 6711: 6702: 6501: 6478: 6469: 6462: 6417: 6367: 6339: 6310: 6276: 6238: 6227: 6193: 6171: 6096: 5906: 5897: 5883: 5843: 5786: 5777: 5673: 5591: 4592: 4590: 918:

The reason why a red flag indicates possible causes

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no high-risk comorbid conditions (for example, HIV)

656: 103: 72: 60: 38: 33: 4431: 4429: 2272:Scottish Intercollegiate Network (November 2008). 1433:International Classification of Headache Disorders 1427:International Classification of Headache Disorders 1312:Headache in immunocompromised people (cancer, HIV) 218:. The description of the headache and findings on 175:, which classifies it into more than 150 types of 4765:Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 2717:Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 435:(bleeding inside the brain) because of any origin 7462:congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis 4268:Linn FH (2010). "Primary thunderclap headache". 1402:Headaches are most thoroughly classified by the 2166: 2164: 2076:Britton CB (2013), Green MW, Muskin PR (eds.), 2053:. The World Health Organization. 8 April 2016. 1631:Secondary headaches (caused by another disease) 1363:Sudden onset headache or worst headache of life 865:no concerning change in normal headache pattern 2959:"Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway" 2908:Greenberg D, Aminoff M, Simon R (6 May 2012). 2275:Diagnosis and management of headache in adults 1865:(a device put into the brain to remove excess 1248:New headaches are more likely to be dangerous 987:Headaches increasing in frequency and severity 717:may happen multiple times in a day for months 649:in the brain, but the exact cause is unknown. 7257: 7005: 6680: 5750: 5500:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 ( 4502:Boss KW, Przkora R, Kumar S (December 2017). 4440:(Report). San Francisco, CA.: Wolters Kluwer. 4145: 3878:Symptom to Diagnosis: An Evidence-Based Guide 3467:. Oxford University Press. pp. 125–130. 3090:Cutrer FM, Bajwa A, Sabhat M. Post TW (ed.). 1987:. The World Health Organization. 8 April 2016 1900:, a more serious underlying cause may exist: 1848:(secondary ones), and defined 84 categories. 1439:classification of headaches published by the 725:located as tightness or pressure across head 8: 4354: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 3306:"The pathophysiology of migraine: year 2005" 2505:South-Paul JE, Matheny SC, Lewis EL (2011). 2367:(18th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 1617:An old advertisement for a headache medicine 1605:, cervicogenic, traction, and inflammatory. 1571:are also classified as secondary headaches. 1240:is fear of headaches or getting a headache. 890:Systemic disease (HIV infection, malignancy) 524:Migraine headaches are also associated with 5443:. American Headache Society. Archived from 5219:(7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 4888: 4886: 4720:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4033:Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series 3872:Stern SC, Cifu AS, Altkorn D, eds. (2010). 3592:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Archived from 3085: 3083: 3081: 2358: 2356: 2354: 1417:developed a classification system in 1962. 1145:Blood tests, lumbar puncture, neuroimaging 990:Mass, subdural hematoma, medication overuse 731:located one side of head focused at eye or 7283: 7264: 7250: 7242: 7037: 7012: 6998: 6990: 6842: 6708: 6687: 6673: 6665: 6475: 6466: 6235: 5903: 5894: 5783: 5757: 5743: 5735: 5722: 5588: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 3798:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 2665:Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2365:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 997:(blood outside the vessels underneath the 807:sensitivity to movement, light, and noise 447:(with headache only) because of any origin 47: 30: 5259: 5032: 4918: 4866: 4739: 4690: 4649: 4570: 4529: 4519: 4478: 4468: 4409: 4241:Comprehensive Review of Headache Medicine 4044: 4009: 3904: 3848: 3838: 3773: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3435: 3329: 3280: 3270: 3134: 3036: 3026: 3004: 3002: 2982: 2957:Dubin AE, Patapoutian A (November 2010). 2837: 2788: 2778: 2676: 2577: 2575: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2464: 2454: 2405: 2245: 2196: 2045: 2043: 1501:, non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, 728:located on one or both sides of the head 383:Learn how and when to remove this message 5572:) is being considered for deletion. See 5138:Disease Management Project: Publications 3355:"Chapter 159. Headache and Facial Pain." 2618:"Tension headache - Symptoms and causes" 1300: 1249: 908: 887:Systemic symptoms (fever or weight loss) 698:duration of 30 minutes to several hours 5727:Articles and topics related to Headache 2667:(Systematic review and meta-analysis). 2013:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 336–342, 1976: 1741:is the only medication proven to help. 862:no abnormal findings on neurologic exam 6546:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies 6219:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS 5493: 5281: 5279: 5223:from the original on 23 December 2016. 3720:"Treatment of acute migraine headache" 3718:Gilmore B, Michael M (February 2011). 2267: 2265: 2051:"Headache disorders Fact sheet N° 277" 1350:MRI of head with or without contrast, 747:pain describable as sharp or stabbing 701:duration of at least four hours daily 4239:Levin M, Baskin SM, Bigal ME (2008). 4027:Medical Advisory Secretariat (2010). 2963:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2394:Journal of Pain, Headache and Vertigo 2057:from the original on 16 February 2016 1443:. It contains explicit (operational) 1326:MRI of head with or without contrast 1226:(chronic pain in the jaw joint), and 1089:Severe headache following head trauma 737:located on one or both sides of head 7: 6397:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 5007:Stovner LJ, Andree C (August 2010). 4160:The Medical Clinics of North America 3969:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.040008629.x 3616:The Medical Clinics of North America 3304:Buzzi MG, Moskowitz MA (June 2005). 1392:idiopathic intracranial hypertension 1153:Mass lesion, subarachnoid hemorrhage 1048:(inflammation of the brain tissue), 856:features typical of primary headache 685:mild to moderate dull or aching pain 658:Differential diagnosis of headaches 365:adding citations to reliable sources 5234:Scagni P, Pagliero R (April 2008). 4605:. San Francisco, CA: Wolters Kluwer 3410:Loder E, Rizzoli P (January 2008). 3391:from the original on 8 January 2015 3098:. San Francisco, CA: Wolters Kluwer 2439:"Primary headaches during lifespan" 2437:Straube A, Andreou A (April 2019). 1824:, a medical scholar of Greco-Roman 1190:One-day duration (four to 72 hours) 982:if computed tomography is negative 896:Onset sudden (thunderclap headache) 6628:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy 5480:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1807455.x 4311:Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 3513:from the original on 20 March 2013 3473:10.1093/med/9780190887674.003.0016 2818:Neurogastroenterology and Motility 1647:have been studied and classified. 1458:The ICHD-2 classification defines 1331:Headache with suspected meningitis 993:As a brain mass gets larger, or a 704:duration of 30 minutes to 3 hours 14: 6331:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases 6134:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration 5576:to help reach a consensus. › 4899:Current Pain and Headache Reports 4553:Silberstein SD (September 2000). 4226:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 3992:Silberstein SD (September 2000). 3015:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2876:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.07.001 2767:World Journal of Gastroenterology 1840:generally divided headaches into 1698:, electromyographic feedback and 1318:of head with or without contrast 929:Temporal arteritis, mass in brain 906:Other red flag symptoms include: 7457:Congenital insensitivity to pain 7417:Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder 6351:For more detailed coverage, see 6329:For more detailed coverage, see 6300:For more detailed coverage, see 6266:For more detailed coverage, see 6217:For more detailed coverage, see 5343:10.1097/00006565-199702000-00001 5300:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.00004.x 5240:The Journal of Headache and Pain 5074:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x 5013:The Journal of Headache and Pain 4508:The Journal of Headache and Pain 4457:Patient Related Outcome Measures 4207:10.1001/jama.1962.03050090045008 3310:The Journal of Headache and Pain 3009:Leroux E, Ducros A (July 2008). 2700: 2678:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x 2531:"Migraine - Symptoms and causes" 2443:The Journal of Headache and Pain 2280:NHS Quality Improvement Scotland 1470:, exertion and sexual activity ( 1370:of head and neck with contrast, 1133:Central nervous system infection 1073:benign intracranial hypertension 826:may exist with tension headache 548:. However, several areas of the 341: 168:in those with severe headaches. 164:. There is an increased risk of 5385:from the original on 7 May 2013 5169:Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 5148:from the original on 4 May 2013 3504:Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs 2082:The Neuropsychiatry of Headache 1623:Management of chronic headaches 1593:NIH classification of headaches 1368:Computed Tomography Angiography 1356:Computed Tomography Angiography 1293:problems in the posterior fossa 952:, hemorrhage into mass lesion, 493:may cause headaches, including 429:or a previous stage of the same 423:or a previous stage of the same 352:needs additional citations for 16:Pain in the head, neck, or face 5211:Schultz BE, Macias CG (2011). 4982:varying between 1.7% and 7.3%. 4732:10.1002/14651858.CD007587.pub2 4392:Franklin GM (September 2014). 2407:10.21776/ub.jphv.2021.002.01.1 2150:. The Johns Hopkins University 1671:(paracetamol) or NSAIDs, like 1645:possible origins of a headache 1644: 1441:International Headache Society 1404:International Headache Society 1372:magnetic resonance angiography 1352:magnetic resonance angiography 1307:Recommended neuroimaging test 1287: 1256: 1160:Neuroimaging, lumbar puncture 1084:Neuroimaging, lumbar puncture 814:exacerbated by regular use of 762:nausea, perhaps with vomiting 707:duration of 4 hours to 3 days 641:involve overactivation of the 173:International Headache Society 1: 6933:External compression headache 6819:New daily persistent headache 6781:Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania 6644:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6529:Hereditary spastic paraplegia 6387:Normal pressure hydrocephalus 5181:10.1016/s1071-9091(05)80021-x 4959:10.1016/s0072-9752(10)97001-2 4278:10.1016/s0072-9752(10)97042-5 4172:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)35236-1 3762:Archives of Internal Medicine 3216:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70067-X 3172:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70051-6 2238:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 1415:National Institutes of Health 1366:CT of head without contrast, 1187:Pulsatile quality of headache 669:New daily persistent headache 503:non-celiac gluten sensitivity 6878:Post-dural-puncture headache 6613:Progressive muscular atrophy 5529:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ae2377 5213:"130: Headaches in Children" 4597:Taylor R. Swanson JW (ed.). 4411:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000839 4136:. Retrieved 29. August 2016. 3775:10.1001/archinte.160.18.2729 3651:Annals of Emergency Medicine 3353:Denny CJ, Schull MJ (2011). 2912:. McGraw Hill Professional. 2864:Annals of Emergency Medicine 2090:10.1017/cbo9781139206952.007 1713:can usually be managed with 1700:cognitive behavioral therapy 1339:Severe headache in pregnancy 1286:All people who present with 1015:(chronic or carcinomatous), 941:Very sudden onset headache ( 893:Neurologic symptoms or signs 750:pulsating or throbbing pain 6901:Medication overuse headache 6123:Primary progressive aphasia 5132:Kunkel RS (1 August 2010). 4859:10.1136/bmj.38512.405440.8f 4692:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.03.011 3756:Smetana GW (October 2000). 3428:10.1136/bmj.39412.705868.ad 3385:"Migraine Without Headache" 3117:Goadsby PJ (January 2009). 2315:Young CB (3 January 2012). 1679:, a medication that mimics 1342:CT or MRI without contrast 1334:CT or MRI without contrast 859:history of similar headache 627:hormone replacement therapy 540:itself is not sensitive to 472:acute closed-angle glaucoma 445:intraparenchymal hemorrhage 7715: 6445:Hashimoto's encephalopathy 6151:Posterior cortical atrophy 5972:Striatonigral degeneration 5823:Cavernous sinus thrombosis 3628:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.11.002 2019:10.1002/9781119701170.ch32 1883:ventriculoperitoneal shunt 1863:ventriculoperitoneal shunt 1620: 1590: 1511:cerebral venous thrombosis 1424: 1224:Temporomandibular jaw pain 1104:), post-traumatic headache 1004:Neuroimaging, drug screen 610:which release peptides or 511:inflammatory bowel disease 491:Gastrointestinal disorders 478:arteriovenous malformation 20: 6551:Spinal muscular atrophies 6519:Primary lateral sclerosis 6377:Intracranial hypertension 6157:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 5732: 5252:10.1007/s10194-008-0014-1 5025:10.1007/s10194-010-0217-0 4911:10.1007/s11916-012-0305-8 4521:10.1186/s10194-017-0826-y 4106:IHS Classification ICHD-2 3935:American Headache Society 3921:American Headache Society 3724:American Family Physician 3693:American Family Physician 3322:10.1007/s10194-005-0165-2 2729:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.107 2456:10.1186/s10194-019-0985-0 1499:transient ischemic attack 1054:collagen vascular disease 926:New headache after age 50 853:age younger than 30 years 804:, often only on one side 294:primary stabbing headache 246:, stomach irritation, or 55: 46: 23:Headache (disambiguation) 6618:Progressive bulbar palsy 6409:Intracranial hypotension 6392:Choroid plexus papilloma 5806:Herpesviral encephalitis 5574:templates for discussion 5331:Pediatric Emergency Care 4893:Reed KL (January 2013). 3827:JMIR mHealth and uHealth 3061:"How a Migraine Happens" 2780:10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8149 2596:10.1001/jama.296.10.1274 2189:10.1177/2049463712459691 2011:Clinical Pain Management 1844:(primary headaches) and 1688:pterygopalatine ganglion 1643:or brain radiation. The 1115:Inability to move a limb 899:Onset after age 40 years 693:moderate to severe pain 526:Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome 507:irritable bowel syndrome 220:neurological examination 7578:Posteromarginal nucleus 7513:Measurement and testing 6130:Frontotemporal dementia 5816:Encephalitis lethargica 5482:(inactive 2024-03-16). 5441:"Headaches in Children" 4800:Acupuncture in Medicine 4245:Oxford University Press 3663:10.1067/mem.2002.120125 3412:"Tension-type headache" 3065:www.hopkinsmedicine.org 2934:"headache | Britannica" 2559:www.hopkinsmedicine.org 2177:British Journal of Pain 2171:Ahmed F (August 2012). 1561:temporomandibular joint 1551:, cephalalgia and even 1262:subarachnoid hemorrhage 1094:intracranial hemorrhage 1075:(pseudotumor cerebri), 950:subarachnoid hemorrhage 558:middle meningeal artery 519:hepatobiliary disorders 439:subarachnoid hemorrhage 433:intracranial hemorrhage 6948:Postherpetic neuralgia 6938:Cold-stimulus headache 6756:Mixed tension migraine 6435:Hepatic encephalopathy 5418:10.1542/peds.108.2.255 4777:10.1089/act.2013.19608 3586:"Chapter 9. Headache." 3272:10.1073/pnas.071582498 3028:10.1186/1750-1172-3-20 2148:Johns Hopkins Medicine 1934:central nervous system 1822:Aretaeus of Cappadocia 1817: 1812:An 1819 caricature by 1711:Tension-type headaches 1706:Tension-type headaches 1618: 1520:central nervous system 1503:vascular malformations 1435:(ICHD) is an in-depth 960:, mass (especially in 792:may be accompanied by 755:no nausea or vomiting 123:, head or neck massage 97:cold-stimulus headache 56:Person with a headache 7662:Drug-seeking behavior 7550:Visual analogue scale 6493:Ataxia–telangiectasia 6450:Static encephalopathy 6173:Mitochondrial disease 6011:Spasmodic torticollis 5921:Basal ganglia disease 5109:Blackwell / BMJ Books 3546:10.1212/WNL.45.7.1263 3204:The Lancet. Neurology 3160:The Lancet. Neurology 2078:"Stress and headache" 1811: 1639:may require surgery, 1616: 1487:intracranial hematoma 1228:cervicogenic headache 954:vascular malformation 787:or noise sensitivity 397:cervicogenic headache 187:; sleep deprivation; 158:tension-type headache 7573:Anterolateral system 7023:that are general or 6953:Tolosa–Hunt syndrome 6923:Trigeminal neuralgia 6809:Thunderclap headache 6440:Toxic encephalopathy 6146:Lewy bodies dementia 4812:10.1136/aim.23.4.157 4572:10.1212/wnl.55.6.754 4011:10.1212/WNL.55.6.754 3840:10.2196/mhealth.3452 3136:10.1093/brain/awn321 1985:"Headache disorders" 1816:depicting a headache 943:thunderclap headache 588:different hypotheses 401:painkiller headaches 361:improve this article 318:can also be helpful. 308:primary sex headache 280:: shooting face pain 274:trigeminal neuralgia 152:. It can occur as a 136:, is the symptom of 21:For other uses, see 6928:Occipital neuralgia 6804:Hemicrania continua 6726:Familial hemiplegic 6488:Friedreich's ataxia 5871:Meningoencephalitis 5811:Limbic encephalitis 4679:The Journal of Pain 4470:10.2147/PROM.S31392 3584:Smetana GW (2012). 3263:2001PNAS...98.4687H 2824:(Suppl 2): e13607. 2555:"Tension Headaches" 2321:hopkinsmedicine.org 1696:relaxation training 1569:psychotic disorders 1545:high blood pressure 1445:diagnostic criteria 1250:secondary headaches 1199:Disabling intensity 1193:Unilateral location 659: 623:birth control pills 544:, because it lacks 495:Helicobacter pylori 284:hemicrania continua 278:occipital neuralgia 7699:Symptoms and signs 7652:Philosophy of pain 7327:Respiratory system 7021:Signs and symptoms 6524:Pseudobulbar palsy 6262:Status epilepticus 6213:Multiple sclerosis 6050:Myoclonic epilepsy 5913:movement disorders 5859:Acute disseminated 5801:Viral encephalitis 5674:External resources 4323:10.1586/ern.10.112 4146:Olesen et al. 2005 4113:on 3 November 2013 3941:on 6 December 2013 3923:(September 2013). 3461:"Cluster Headache" 3067:. 26 November 2019 3011:"Cluster headache" 2938:www.britannica.com 1818: 1782:Literature reviews 1765:before an attack. 1619: 1358:of head and neck. 1196:Nausea or vomiting 1137:intracranial bleed 958:pituitary apoplexy 657: 625:or are prescribed 466:temporal arteritis 240:vascular disorders 7694:Medical mnemonics 7676: 7675: 7670: 7669: 7525:Cold pressor test 7508: 7507: 7239: 7238: 7231:Flu-like symptoms 7117: 7116: 7057:of unknown origin 6987: 6986: 6909: 6908: 6832: 6831: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6458: 6457: 6363: 6362: 6302:Template:Headache 6268:Template:Epilepsy 6189: 6188: 6163:Vascular dementia 6006:Status dystonicus 5879: 5878: 5854:Encephalomyelitis 5719: 5718: 5118:978-1-4051-4166-6 4968:978-0-444-52139-2 4853:(7513): 376–382. 4642:10.1136/bmj.c5222 4404:(14): 1277–1284. 4372:www.ninds.nih.gov 4355:Levin et al. 2008 4287:978-0-444-52139-2 4254:978-0-19-536673-0 4078:(Suppl): 855–60. 3807:978-0-07-180215-4 3768:(18): 2729–2737. 3506:: 8. March 2013. 3482:978-0-19-088770-4 3465:Pain Neurosurgery 3459:Levin EL (2019). 2969:(11): 3760–3772. 2919:978-0-07-175905-2 2830:10.1111/nmo.13607 2773:(36): 8149–8160. 2648:. 8 January 2018. 2590:(10): 1274–1283. 2516:978-0-07-162436-7 2374:978-0-07-174890-2 2289:978-1-905813-39-1 2232:(9995): 743–800. 2119:"Headache Causes" 2099:978-1-107-02620-9 2028:978-1-119-70115-6 1881:, meningitis and 1875:epidural hematoma 1871:subdural hematoma 1857:have a headache. 1836:in 1672. In 1787 1814:George Cruikshank 1754:Cluster headaches 1516:epileptic seizure 1378: 1377: 1304:Clinical Features 1238:Cephalalgiaphobia 1217:Cluster headaches 1177:tension headaches 1164: 1163: 1102:epidural hematoma 1098:subdural hematoma 995:subdural hematoma 921:Diagnostic tests 830: 829: 785:light sensitivity 639:Cluster headaches 633:Tension headaches 451:ruptured aneurysm 427:hemorragic stroke 393: 392: 385: 268:cluster headaches 127: 126: 107:Over-the-counter 28:Medical condition 7706: 7625:Related concepts 7616:Pain eradication 7374: 7361: 7312: 7284: 7280:By region/system 7266: 7259: 7252: 7243: 7097: 7045: 7038: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6991: 6843: 6733:Retinal migraine 6709: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6666: 6476: 6467: 6425:Brain herniation 6236: 6076:Intention tremor 6071:Essential tremor 5936:Postencephalitic 5904: 5895: 5784: 5765:Diseases of the 5759: 5752: 5745: 5736: 5723: 5589: 5549: 5548: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5499: 5491: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5283: 5274: 5273: 5263: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5208: 5193: 5192: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5142:Cleveland Clinic 5129: 5123: 5122: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5036: 5004: 4985: 4984: 4946: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4743: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4694: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4594: 4585: 4584: 4574: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4533: 4523: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4482: 4472: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4433: 4424: 4423: 4413: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4317:(9): 1391–1397. 4306: 4300: 4299: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4166:(5): 1485–1493. 4155: 4149: 4148:, pp. 9–11. 4143: 4137: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4101: 4088: 4087: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4048: 4023: 4013: 3988: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3937:. 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Neurobalance. 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3333: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3284: 3274: 3257:(8): 4687–4692. 3242: 3236: 3235: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3138: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3087: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3030: 3006: 2997: 2996: 2986: 2975:10.1172/JCI42843 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2905: 2896: 2895: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2841: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2792: 2782: 2758: 2749: 2748: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2698: 2680: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2502: 2479: 2478: 2468: 2458: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2409: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2360: 2329: 2328: 2323:. Archived from 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2296:on 19 April 2011 2292:. Archived from 2269: 2260: 2259: 2249: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1981: 1759:Abortive therapy 1301: 1210:likelihood ratio 1206:likelihood ratio 909: 744:consistent pain 674:Cluster headache 664:Tension headache 660: 643:trigeminal nerve 388: 381: 377: 374: 368: 345: 337: 216:life-threatening 162:cluster headache 132:, also known as 81:cluster headache 77:Tension headache 51: 31: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7620: 7587: 7560:Pathophysiology 7554: 7545:Tail flick test 7504: 7473: 7388: 7372: 7359: 7350:Musculoskeletal 7344: 7321: 7310: 7275: 7270: 7240: 7235: 7200: 7156: 7113: 7093: 7088: 7041: 7027: 7018: 6988: 6983: 6957: 6905: 6882: 6859: 6828: 6824:Hypnic headache 6814:Sexual headache 6790: 6762: 6737: 6698: 6693: 6663: 6650: 6576:Congenital DSMA 6497: 6454: 6413: 6359: 6347:Sleep disorders 6335: 6312:Cerebrovascular 6306: 6272: 6229: 6223: 6185: 6167: 6092: 6038:Choreoathetosis 5911: 5888: 5875: 5839: 5773: 5763: 5728: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5669: 5668: 5600: 5577: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5492: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5210: 5209: 5196: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5006: 5005: 4988: 4969: 4948: 4947: 4936: 4892: 4891: 4884: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4726:(8): CD007587. 4713: 4712: 4708: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4596: 4595: 4588: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4353: 4346: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4288: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4103: 4102: 4091: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4026: 3991: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3930:Choosing Wisely 3919: 3918: 3914: 3906:10.1.1.565.1524 3894: 3893: 3889: 3884:on 31 May 2015. 3871: 3870: 3866: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3699:(10): 682–687. 3690: 3689: 3678: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3613: 3612: 3601: 3596:on 31 May 2015. 3583: 3582: 3569: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3422:(7635): 88–92. 3409: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3089: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2940: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2907: 2906: 2899: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2760: 2759: 2752: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2624: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2561:. 8 August 2021 2553: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2504: 2503: 2482: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2362: 2361: 2332: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2290: 2271: 2270: 2263: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2170: 2169: 2162: 2153: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1990: 1988: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1961: 1945:neurologic exam 1894:muscle weakness 1890:speech problems 1879:brain abscesses 1854: 1806: 1779: 1771: 1769:Neuromodulation 1756: 1708: 1653: 1633: 1625: 1611: 1595: 1589: 1534:, intracranial 1495:ischemic stroke 1483:whiplash injury 1472:sexual headache 1429: 1423: 1400: 1387:lumbar puncture 1383: 1381:Lumbar puncture 1284: 1275: 1270: 1246: 1202: 1169: 980:lumbar puncture 962:posterior fossa 915:Possible causes 843: 802:drooping eyelid 655: 604:cerebral cortex 560:, large veins, 534: 532:Pathophysiology 421:ischemic stroke 389: 378: 372: 369: 358: 346: 335: 322:hypnic headache 256: 212: 200:pain medication 29: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7681: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7637:Pain tolerance 7634: 7632:Pain threshold 7628: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7564: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7540:Hot plate test 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7407:Pain asymbolia 7404: 7398: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7368: 7363: 7354: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7331: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7290: 7288: 7281: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7246: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7219: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7048: 7046: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7025:constitutional 7019: 7017: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6994: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6943:Optic neuritis 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6892: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6873:Ictal headache 6869: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6747: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6717: 6715: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6548: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6507: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6484: 6482: 6473: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6404:Cerebral edema 6401: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6373: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6353:Template:Sleep 6343: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6282: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6248: 6246: 6233: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6181:Leigh syndrome 6177: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5917: 5915: 5908:Extrapyramidal 5901: 5892: 5890:encephalopathy 5881: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5850: 5848: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5825: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5792: 5790: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5767:nervous system 5764: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5701: 5690: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5655: 5644: 5625: 5601: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592:Classification 5586: 5585: 5561: 5557: 5556:External links 5554: 5551: 5550: 5523:(6): 416–422. 5507: 5474:(7): 455–462. 5458: 5447:on 16 May 2008 5431: 5412:(2): 255–263. 5396: 5364: 5321: 5275: 5226: 5194: 5175:(2): 109–118. 5159: 5124: 5117: 5111:. p. 39. 5107:. Malden, MA: 5095: 5068:(3): 193–210. 5052: 5019:(4): 289–299. 4986: 4967: 4934: 4882: 4833: 4806:(4): 157–165. 4790: 4771:(4): 285–297. 4755: 4706: 4685:(8): 667–677. 4665: 4616: 4586: 4565:(6): 754–762. 4545: 4494: 4443: 4425: 4384: 4359: 4344: 4301: 4286: 4260: 4253: 4231: 4224:(3 ed.). 4212: 4185: 4150: 4138: 4124: 4089: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4024: 4004:(6): 754–762. 3989: 3963:(8): 629–632. 3951:, which cites 3912: 3887: 3864: 3813: 3806: 3789: 3748: 3730:(3): 271–280. 3710: 3676: 3657:(1): 108–122. 3641: 3622:(2): 225–242. 3599: 3567: 3524: 3488: 3481: 3451: 3402: 3376: 3365:on 31 May 2015 3345: 3316:(3): 105–111. 3296: 3237: 3210:(5): 454–461. 3193: 3166:(5): 419–420. 3150: 3109: 3077: 3052: 2998: 2949: 2925: 2918: 2897: 2870:(4): 407–436. 2853: 2804: 2750: 2723:(9): 516–526. 2707: 2671:(8): 700–707. 2651: 2633: 2609: 2571: 2546: 2522: 2515: 2480: 2429: 2380: 2373: 2330: 2327:on 3 May 2014. 2307: 2288: 2261: 2212: 2183:(3): 124–132. 2160: 2135: 2110: 2098: 2068: 2039: 2027: 1997: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1898:loss of vision 1853: 1850: 1838:Christian Baur 1834:De Cephalalgia 1805: 1802: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1755: 1752: 1707: 1704: 1652: 1649: 1632: 1629: 1610: 1607: 1591:Main article: 1588: 1585: 1549:hypothyroidism 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1399: 1398:Classification 1396: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1283: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1245: 1242: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1092:Brain bleeds ( 1090: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1010: 1006: 1005: 1002: 991: 988: 984: 983: 973: 965: 946: 938: 937: 934: 930: 927: 923: 922: 919: 916: 913: 904: 903: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 873: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 842: 839: 828: 827: 824: 822: 812: 809: 808: 805: 790: 788: 780: 779: 776: 774: 771: 764: 763: 760: 758: 756: 752: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 738: 735: 729: 726: 722: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 708: 705: 702: 699: 695: 694: 691: 688: 686: 682: 681: 676: 671: 666: 654: 651: 608:sensory nerves 562:venous sinuses 546:pain receptors 533: 530: 499:celiac disease 488: 487: 480: 475: 469: 463: 457: 448: 442: 436: 430: 424: 418: 391: 390: 349: 347: 340: 334: 331: 330: 329: 319: 305: 301: 297: 291: 281: 271: 255: 252: 211: 208: 125: 124: 105: 101: 100: 99:(brain freeze) 74: 70: 69: 64: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7711: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535:Grimace scale 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7500:Low back pain 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7452:Referred pain 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7412:Pain disorder 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7384:Delayed-onset 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287:Head and neck 7285: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7267: 7262: 7260: 7255: 7253: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205:Miscellaneous 7203: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Hyperhidrosis 7077: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7067:postoperative 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7010: 7008: 7003: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6992: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6683: 6678: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6430:Reye syndrome 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6382:Hydrocephalus 6380: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6195:Demyelinating 6192: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6083:Restless legs 6081: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6021:Blepharospasm 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5977:Hemiballismus 5975: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5842: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5828:Brain abscess 5826: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5459: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5397: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5160: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4837: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4617: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4385: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4357:, p. 60. 4356: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4222:The Headaches 4216: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4063: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3891: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3817: 3814: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3749: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3525: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3403: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3129:(Pt 1): 6–7. 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3110: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2950: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2308: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2281: 2278:. 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Retrieved 1979: 1953: 1949: 1938: 1910:encephalitis 1887: 1859: 1855: 1833: 1819: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1780: 1777:Epidemiology 1772: 1763: 1757: 1709: 1693: 1685: 1665: 1661: 1654: 1641:chemotherapy 1634: 1626: 1599: 1596: 1581: 1573: 1565:somatization 1524: 1476: 1457: 1437:hierarchical 1430: 1412: 1401: 1384: 1297: 1285: 1276: 1268:Neuroimaging 1254: 1247: 1236: 1232: 1222: 1215: 1203: 1181: 1170: 1071:Brain mass, 1050:Lyme disease 1046:encephalitis 976:Neuroimaging 970:optic chiasm 905: 882: 878: 874: 848: 844: 835: 831: 794:running nose 783:uncommonly, 647:hypothalamus 637: 631: 620: 601: 592: 585: 574: 570:falx cerebri 535: 523: 489: 415:inflammation 405: 394: 379: 370: 359:Please help 354:verification 351: 288:indomethacin 257: 224: 213: 204: 197: 170: 133: 129: 128: 18: 7657:Cancer pain 7583:Substance P 7568:Nociception 7530:Dolorimeter 7485:Pelvic pain 7442:Hyperpathia 7437:Hypoalgesia 7358:Arthralgia 7340:Pleurodynia 7335:Sore throat 7142:Cancer pain 7109:Hypothermia 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5134:"Headache" 4905:(1): 305. 4514:(1): 118. 3833:(3): e36. 3071:2021-12-18 2943:2022-04-29 2769:(Review). 2719:(Review). 2627:2021-12-15 2565:2021-12-15 2540:2021-12-15 2400:(1): 1–4. 2154:2021-12-14 2144:"Headache" 2128:21 October 2105:2022-04-29 2034:2022-04-29 2007:"Headache" 1991:2021-12-14 1971:References 1965:Eye strain 1918:hemorrhage 1906:meningitis 1842:idiopathic 1786:prevalence 1621:See also: 1609:Management 1536:infections 1491:craniotomy 1464:trigeminal 1077:meningitis 1042:Meningitis 1025:metastasis 1019:including 1013:Meningitis 581:nociceptor 484:post-ictal 411:meningitis 166:depression 95:headache, 91:headache, 7689:Headaches 7642:Suffering 7611:Cordotomy 7601:Analgesia 7422:Allodynia 7402:Neuralgia 7366:Bone pain 7317:Toothache 7189:of muscle 7174:Lassitude 6838:Secondary 6228:Episodic/ 6106:Tauopathy 6057:Akathisia 6045:Myoclonus 6028:Athetosis 5960:Tauopathy 5699:neuro/517 5694:eMedicine 5517:Neurology 4636:: c5222. 4559:Neurology 4463:: 61–73. 4398:Neurology 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912:Red Flag 773:no aura 679:Migraine 616:Triptans 566:meninges 455:aneurysm 261:episodic 227:migraine 154:migraine 130:Headache 93:hangover 89:migraine 34:Headache 7360:(joint) 7184:Atrophy 7166:fatigue 7162:Malaise 7147:Myalgia 6915:ICHD 13 6776:Cluster 6751:Tension 6704:Primary 6606:SMA-PME 6601:SMA-PCH 6584:SMALED1 6296:Tension 6291:Cluster 6016:Meige's 5833:Amoebic 5653:D006261 5566:below ( 5488:9793697 5451:30 June 5389:30 June 5351:9061724 5261:3476181 5189:9422238 5034:2917556 4920:3548086 4868:1184247 4741:4955729 4651:2958257 4531:5745368 4480:3798203 4377:21 July 4046:3377587 3850:4147710 3554:7617180 3437:2190284 3395:16 July 3331:3451639 3259:Bibcode 3038:2517059 2984:2964977 2839:6899706 2790:5037083 2745:2867448 2466:6734460 2300:14 July 2247:4561509 2198:4590146 1914:abscess 1804:History 1727:aspirin 1677:triptan 1553:fasting 1489:, post 1450:cranial 933:people. 326:lithium 254:Primary 185:fatigue 177:primary 140:in the 7104:Chills 6888:ICHD 8 6865:ICHD 7 6847:ICHD 5 6796:ICHD 4 6768:ICHD 3 6743:ICHD 2 6713:ICHD 1 6325:Stroke 6139:Pick's 6066:Tremor 6033:Chorea 5688:003024 5583:Curlie 5569:Curlie 5543: 5535: 5486: 5424: 5357: 5349: 5314: 5306: 5268: 5258: 5187: 5115: 5088: 5080: 5048:(77%). 5041: 5031: 4975: 4965: 4927: 4917: 4875: 4865: 4826: 4818: 4783: 4748: 4738: 4699: 4658: 4648: 4579: 4538: 4528: 4487: 4477: 4418: 4337: 4329: 4294: 4284: 4251: 4178: 4082: 4053: 4043: 4018: 3983: 3975: 3903: 3857: 3847: 3804: 3782: 3734: 3703: 3669: 3634: 3560: 3552: 3479: 3444: 3434: 3369:30 May 3338: 3328: 3289: 3279: 3230: 3222: 3186: 3178: 3143: 3045: 3035: 2991: 2981: 2916: 2892:507361 2890: 2882: 2846: 2836: 2797: 2787: 2743: 2735: 2693: 2685: 2646:nhs.uk 2602: 2513: 2473: 2463: 2422: 2414: 2371: 2286: 2254: 2244: 2226:Lancet 2205: 2195: 2096: 2025: 1896:, and 1729:), or 1715:NSAIDs 1421:ICHD-2 1139:, mass 820:NSAIDS 800:, and 778:auras 733:temple 517:, and 486:state) 248:tumors 210:Causes 189:stress 7478:Other 7379:Acute 7124:pains 7052:Fever 6962:Other 6786:SUNCT 6639:both: 6571:DSMA1 6566:SMAX2 6561:SMAX1 6541:only: 6514:only: 6418:Other 6340:Other 6252:Focal 5885:Brain 5788:Brain 5664:19825 5642:784.0 5541:S2CID 5378:WebMD 5355:S2CID 5312:S2CID 5086:S2CID 4824:S2CID 4335:S2CID 3981:S2CID 3558:S2CID 3511:(PDF) 3500:(PDF) 3282:31895 3228:S2CID 3184:S2CID 3123:Brain 2888:S2CID 2741:S2CID 2691:S2CID 2420:S2CID 1928:, or 1922:tumor 1832:, in 1557:teeth 1468:cough 1157:pain. 1030:body. 798:tears 538:brain 300:made. 160:, or 148:, or 117:water 113:sleep 73:Types 7495:Back 7304:Neck 7273:Pain 7224:and 7164:and 7095:cold 7043:heat 6242:and 5953:PKAN 5948:NBIA 5648:MeSH 5633:9-CM 5533:PMID 5502:link 5484:PMID 5453:2010 5422:PMID 5391:2010 5347:PMID 5304:PMID 5266:PMID 5185:PMID 5154:2010 5113:ISBN 5078:PMID 5039:PMID 4973:PMID 4963:ISBN 4925:PMID 4873:PMID 4816:PMID 4781:PMID 4746:PMID 4697:PMID 4656:PMID 4611:2014 4577:PMID 4536:PMID 4485:PMID 4416:PMID 4379:2021 4327:PMID 4292:PMID 4282:ISBN 4249:ISBN 4195:JAMA 4176:PMID 4119:2013 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Index