733:) that have died during the fermentation process. Second, this lets the mead have time to clear. Cloudiness can be caused by either yeast or suspended protein molecules. There is also the possibility that the pectin from any fruit that is used could have set which gives the mead a cloudy look. The cloudiness can be cleared up by either "cold breaking", which is leaving the mead in a cold environment overnight, or using a fining material, such as sparkolloid, bentonite, egg white, or isinglass. If the mead-maker wishes to backsweeten the product (add supplementary sweetener) or prevent it from oxidizing,
928:(as noted in the recipe quoted above) residing on the skins of the fruit or within the honey itself. Wild yeasts can produce inconsistent results. Yeast companies have isolated strains of yeast that produce consistently appealing products. Brewers, winemakers, and mead makers commonly use them for fermentation, including yeast strains identified specifically for mead fermentation. These are strains that have been selected because of their characteristic of preserving delicate honey flavors and aromas.
7936:
7904:
7612:
1205:
7948:
1193:
1220:
1096:
500:
4738:
47:
1865:" the name of a Japanese beverage that was introduced to the West by Spanish and Portuguese traders. However, this mead is quite sweet and Shakespeare referenced "sack" in Henry the V, "If sack and sugar be a fault, God help the wicked!", as well as 18th-century cookbooks that reference "sack mead" by authors unlikely to have known nor tasted "sake".
2384:...mead was known in Europe long before wine, although archaeological evidence of it is rather ambiguous. This is principally because the confirmed presence of beeswax or certain types of pollen ... is only indicative of the presence of honey (which could have been used for sweetening some other drink) – not necessarily of the production of mead.
789:, and the aging procedure. Some producers have erroneously marketed white wine sweetened and flavored with honey after fermentation as mead, sometimes spelling it "meade." Some producers ferment a blend of honey and other sugars, such as white refined sugar, again, mislabeling the product as mead. This is closer in style to a
1075:. As mead becomes more widely available, it is seeing increased attention and exposure from the news media. This resurgence can also been seen around the world in the UK and Australia particularly with session (lower alcohol styles) sometimes called hydromel and Mead-Beer Hybrids also known as Braggots.
1871:
Show mead: A term that has come to mean "plain" mead: that which has honey and water as a base, with no fruits, spices, or extra flavorings. Because honey alone often does not provide enough nourishment for the yeast to carry on its life cycle, a mead that is devoid of fruit, etc. sometimes requires
728:
the product into a second container, once fermentation slows down significantly. These are known as a primary and a secondary fermentation, respectively. Some larger commercial fermenters are designed to allow both primary and secondary fermentation to happen inside the same vessel. Racking is done
228:
to more than 20%. Possibly the most ancient alcoholic drink, the defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the beverage's fermentable sugar is derived from honey. It may be still, carbonated, or naturally sparkling, and despite a common misconception that mead is exclusively sweet, it
1644:
for mead, made of natural bee honey and berry juice. Infused with carnation blossoms, acorns, poplar buds, juniper berries, and other herbs. Generally, between 8% and 17% alcohol, it is also distilled to produce mead nectar or mead balsam, with some of the varieties having as much as 75% of
2663:"Prehistoric China - The Wonders That Were Jiahu The World's Earliest Fermented Beverage. Professor Patrick McGovern the Scientific Director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Project for Cuisine, Fermented Beverages, and Health at the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia"
1787:
Pyment: a melomel made from the fermentation of a blend of grapes and honey. If most of the fermentable sugars come from honey, it is considered a pyment. If most of the fermentable sugars come from grapes, it is considered a honeyed wine. In previous centuries
1082:, local mead makers are also putting mead back into the radar of liquor and alcohol afficionados. In fact, to promote mead in the country, the Philippines had its first International Mead Day celebration for the first time ever on August 3, 2024.
721:, mead makers can determine the proportion of alcohol by volume that will appear in the final product. This also serves to troubleshoot a "stuck" batch, one where the fermentation process has been halted prematurely by dormant or dried yeast.
764:
of yeast, among others. Although supplementation of the must with non-nitrogen based salts, or vitamins has been tested to improve mead qualities, no evidence suggests that adding micronutrients reduced fermentation time or improved quality.
1888:, the term "traditional mead" refers to this variety (because mead is historically a variable product, these guidelines are a recent expedient, designed to provide a common language for competition judging; style guidelines
1842:
Sack mead: This refers to a mead that is made with more honey than is typically used. The finished product contains a higher-than-average ethanol concentration (meads at or above 14% ABV are generally considered to be of
993:
augment the amount of sugar available to the yeast and indicate readiness for consumption, rising to the top of the bottle when sufficiently depleted. Sima is commonly served with both the pulp and rind of a
2036:
Beer is produced by the fermentation of grain, but the grain can be used in mead provided it is strained off immediately. As long as the primary substance fermented is still honey, the drink is still mead.
1801:
Quick mead: A type of mead recipe that is meant to age quickly, for immediate consumption. Because of the techniques used in its creation, short mead shares some qualities found in cider (or even
917:
Some meads retain some measure of the sweetness of the original honey, and some may even be considered as dessert wines. Drier meads are also available, and some producers offer sparkling meads.
752:. Durations of primary and secondary fermentation producing satisfactory mead may vary considerably according to numerous factors, such as floral origin of the honey and its natural sugar and
1676:) are traditionally used to make a sweet mead-like beverage during birak (the first summer in the Indigenous Noongar calendar) the moodjar tree is a very sacred tree to the Noongar peoples.
724:
With many different styles of mead possible, there are many different processes employed, although many producers will use techniques recognizable from wine-making. One such example is to
3324:
Zimmerman, J (2018). "Mull Over Mead: Enjoy an in-depth look at the components and creation of this versatile, honey-based beverage -- a hearty addition to any homebrewing arsenal".
4602:
1682:
aged mead: a mixture of honey and water or berry juices, subject to a very slow (12–50 years) anaerobic fermentation in airtight vessels in a process similar to the traditional
1292:). A mead made from malt in addition to honey. Hops are an optional ingredient. Contrary to the modern definition, historic braggot was most often a back sweetened spiced ale.
914:
mead is a popular drink at
Christmas time, where mead is flavored with spices (and sometimes various fruits) and warmed, traditionally by having a hot poker plunged into it.
3570:
1943:
White mead: A mead that is colored white with herbs, fruit or, sometimes, egg whites. The terms white mead and white metheglin are mentioned in 17th century cookery books.
357:
dating from at least 7000 BCE discovered containing chemical signatures consistent with the presence of honey, rice, and organic compounds associated with fermentation.
3849:
1861:(which is sometimes sweetened after fermentation) that, in England, once bore the nickname "sack". In Another theory is that the term is a phonetic reduction of "
1851:
and elevated levels of sweetness, although dry sack meads (which have no residual sweetness) can be produced. According to one theory, the name derives from the
3089:
3342:
Pereira, Ana Paula; Mendes-Ferreira, Ana; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Mendes-Faia, Arlete (2015). "Improvement of mead fermentation by honey-must supplementation".
592:
Later, taxation and regulations governing the ingredients of alcoholic beverages led to commercial mead becoming a more obscure beverage until recently. Some
4385:
3463:
4933:
4595:
4354:
1279:: A mead where the honey is caramelized or burned separately before adding the water. Yields toffee, caramel, chocolate, and toasted marshmallow flavors.
702:
Meads will often ferment well at the same temperatures at which wine is fermented, and the yeast used in mead making is often identical to that used in
488:
visited Wales in 1642 Welsh metheglin was served at the feast as a symbol of Welsh presence in the emerging
British identity in the years between the
793:. Blended varieties of mead may be known by the style represented; for instance, a mead made with cinnamon and apples may be referred to as either a
1836:
are most commonly used today, yet historical meads are were commonly made with other flowers, such as heather, elderflowers, hibiscus or dandelion.
7838:
464:
of honey. The whole is exposed to the sun for 40 days and then left on a shelf near the fire. If you have no rain water, then boil spring water.
353:
to preserve surplus agricultural crops, evidence of mead begins to show up in the archaeological record more clearly, with pottery vessels from
349:
or potential knowledge transfer between early humans prior to recorded history. With the eventual rise of ceramic pottery and increasing use of
943:. A version called "honey jack" can be made by partly freezing a quantity of mead and straining the ice out of the liquid (a process known as
305:
Mead was produced in ancient times throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia, and has played an important role in the mythology of some peoples. In
4588:
4574:
4560:
4544:
4530:
4503:
4484:
4311:
3696:
3504:
3286:
3146:
3118:
2940:
2785:
2646:
2614:
2512:
2377:
2342:
2277:
2249:
2150:
2100:
2049:
7978:
7660:
3601:
1336:. If most of the fermentable sugar comes from honey, you get a cyser. If most of the fermentable sugar comes from apples, you get a honey
1263:
Bilbemel: A melomel mead made with blueberries, blueberry juice, or sometimes used for a varietal mead that uses blueberry blossom honey.
4898:
3030:
Cull, M. R. (2014). Shakespeare's
Princes of Wales: English Identity and the Welsh Connection. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
461:
457:
453:
4267:
3966:
8013:
6922:
4458:
2897:
2636:
2419:
1905:
Tapluchʼi: a
Georgian name for mead, especially made of honey but it is also a collective name for any kind of drinkable inebriants.
1179:
345:
honey-producing insects worldwide; as a result, it is hard to pinpoint the exact historical origin of mead given the possibility of
4200:
2676:
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J; Tang, J; Zhang, Z; Hall, G. R.; Moreau, R. A.; Nuñez, A; Butrym, E. D.; et al. (6 December 2004).
706:(particularly those used in the preparation of white wines). Many home mead makers choose to use wine yeasts to make their meads.
4234:
3653:
3578:
4067:
3436:
1273:
Blue mead: A type of mead where fungal spores are added during the first fermentation, lending a blue tint to the final product.
7998:
7983:
7211:
6897:
551:, the Danish warriors drank mead. In both Insular Celtic and Germanic poetry, mead was the primary heroic or divine drink, see
350:
338:
4239:
8038:
7378:
4971:
4926:
4336:
1979:
1117:
477:
4148:
3021:
Ramsay, J. H. (1898). The
Foundations of England: B.C. 55-A.D. 1066. United Kingdom: S. Sonnenschein & Company, Limited.
2315:
3741:
7864:
1928:
1779:
1378:
1350:
986:
383:
7926:
3039:
British
Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533-1707. (2003). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
2587:
7869:
3927:
2212:
628:
4301:
4255:
A Pyment is a melomel made with grapes (generally from juice). Pyments can be red, white, or blush, just as with wine.
3923:
2768:
Kublickas, Rimantas (2016), Kristbergsson, Kristberg; Oliveira, Jorge (eds.), "Midus: A Traditional
Lithuanian Mead",
2270:
The
Compleat Meadmaker: Home Production of Honey Wine From Your First Batch to Award-winning Fruit and Herb Variations
2185:
4569:
Zaerpoor, Chrissie Manion (2017). The Art of Mead
Tasting and Food Pairing. Mead Maven Publishing, Yamhill, Oregon.
2772:, Integrating Food Science and Engineering Knowledge Into the Food Chain, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 339–343,
3252:
777:
Mead can have a wide range of flavors depending on the source of the honey, additives (also known as "adjuncts" or "
8023:
8008:
7973:
7789:
7756:
7585:
4118:
1160:
1282:
Bochetomel: A bochet-style mead that also contains fruit such as elderberries, black raspberries and blackberries.
1106:
8033:
7988:
7879:
7769:
4919:
2217:
1132:
1064:
371:
3467:
3108:
1689:
boiled mead: a drink closer to beer, brewed from boiled wort of diluted honey and herbs, very similar to modern
8028:
7874:
7653:
7595:
7524:
7416:
7017:
7000:
6845:
4986:
3763:
493:
4351:
545:, attributed to the poet Aneirin who would have been a contemporary of Taliesin. In the Old English epic poem
1885:
8018:
7764:
7137:
6973:
3063:
2301:
1570:
Metheglin: Metheglin is traditional mead with herbs or spices added. Some of the most common metheglins are
1139:
734:
434:
420:
3933:
1898:: a quick-fermented low-alcoholic Finnish variety, seasoned with lemon and associated with the festival of
1880:
to produce an acceptable finished product. In most competitions, including all those that subscribe to the
294:
or certain other fruits, and some cultures have honey wines that are distinct from mead. The honey wine of
290:
is sometimes used as a synonym for mead, although wine is typically defined to be the product of fermented
7993:
7627:
7550:
6995:
6322:
5205:
5071:
4723:
3202:
Meier, Kristin; Peyrot, Michaël (2017). "The Word for 'Honey' in
Chinese, Tocharian and Sino-Vietnamese".
766:
326:
7565:
7334:
6978:
5001:
4329:
Wellcome Mead: 105 Mead Recipes from 17th and 18th Century English Receipt Books at the Wellcome Library
1113:
485:
31:
3948:
1051:
is usually home-made which is used during a number of different important religious and social events.
4431:
4404:
1146:
438:
and differentiated wine sweetened with honey or "honey-wine" from mead. The Hispanic-Roman naturalist
7216:
6968:
6731:
5506:
5076:
4991:
4863:
4522:
4425:
4410:
2928:
2689:
2662:
2541:
2477:
1946:
948:
3626:
3231:
3110:
The Best Irish Drinks: The Essential Collection of Cocktail Recipes and Toasts from the Emerald Isle
2084:
He next ... bids ... Halfdan recollect ... that to produce mead hops must be mingled with the honey;
8003:
7794:
7746:
7646:
7196:
6890:
5098:
5086:
4823:
1465:
1209:
944:
825:
786:
730:
703:
683:
489:
1648:
Mõdu: An Estonian traditional fermented drink with a taste of honey and an alcohol content of 4.0%
527:
or "Song of Mead" (Cân y medd). The legendary drinking, feasting, and boasting of warriors in the
7784:
7289:
5526:
4996:
4942:
4783:
4737:
4000:
3386:"Developments in the fermentation process and quality improvement strategies for mead production"
3227:
1128:
379:
346:
64:
6801:
6796:
6651:
6412:
3496:
3490:
1920:
Traditional mead: synonymous with "show mead," meaning it contains only honey, water, and yeast.
3802:
1326:
904:, keeping summer produce for the winter. A mead that is fermented with grape juice is called a
7738:
7685:
7269:
7206:
6641:
6556:
6539:
6089:
5876:
5816:
5006:
4763:
4570:
4556:
4540:
4526:
4499:
4480:
4454:
4332:
4307:
3824:
3692:
3500:
3417:
3282:
3219:
3142:
3114:
3012:
Clements, J. (2013). A Brief History of the Vikings. United Kingdom: Little, Brown Book Group.
2936:
2903:
2893:
2858:
2781:
2717:
2642:
2610:
2569:
2508:
2425:
2415:
2373:
2348:
2338:
2273:
2245:
2146:
2121:
2096:
2045:
1705:
1489:
1458:
1047:
1019:
901:
738:
225:
72:
3384:
Iglesias, A; Pascoal, A; Choupina, A. B.; Carvalho, C. A.; Feás, X; Estevinho, L. M. (2014).
7935:
7903:
7611:
7529:
7456:
7319:
7221:
6460:
6434:
6189:
6069:
5024:
4663:
4190:
4041:
3684:
3407:
3397:
3359:
3351:
3211:
3090:"Slainte! The Celtic Wassail – The Histories and Folklore of Mead and Honey in Celtic Lands"
3049:
2850:
2808:
2773:
2707:
2697:
2559:
2549:
2485:
1848:
1683:
1447:
1434:
1427:
1013:
846:
761:
710:
675:
247:
172:
7947:
7884:
7705:
7622:
7408:
7236:
7171:
7114:
7077:
6957:
6199:
6173:
6104:
6079:
6044:
5993:
5933:
5516:
5123:
4981:
4976:
4615:
4539:
Minnick, Fred (2018). Mead: The Libations, Legends and Lore. Running Press, Philadelphia.
4358:
3850:"First-Ever International Mead Day Celebration in the Philippines Takes Place This August"
3718:
3545:
3180:
2956:
2293:
1868:
Short mead: A mead made with less honey than usual and intended for immediate consumption.
1561:
1480:
1423:
1395:
1307:
1192:
1027:
978:
657:
586:
472:
described a grain and honey drink similar to mead that he encountered while travelling in
425:
306:
198:
4379:
4275:
4175:
3215:
3782:
2693:
2545:
2481:
2396:
1696:
drinking mead: a kind of honey wine made from diluted honey by traditional fermentation.
1219:
1204:
7779:
7774:
7723:
7677:
7534:
7506:
7481:
7402:
7391:
7386:
7284:
7251:
7067:
7045:
7012:
6988:
6883:
6514:
6347:
6312:
6124:
5983:
4693:
3412:
3385:
2800:
2564:
2529:
2319:
1923:
1873:
1852:
1774:
1701:
1661:: Mulsum is not a true mead, but is unfermented honey blended with a high-alcohol wine.
1658:
1599:
1579:
1547:
1543:
1511:
1408:
1373:
1345:
1299:
1239:
1224:
1054:
552:
499:
407:
387:
354:
310:
3875:
2812:
2748:
2735:
2712:
2677:
2087:
That this formula is still in use is shown by the recipe for "Real Monastery Mead" in
1254:. It is made from honey and water fermented for at least five days to a month or more.
325:
Mead is a drink widely considered to have been discovered prior to the advent of both
239:
7968:
7962:
7804:
7713:
7519:
7514:
7191:
7007:
6983:
6736:
6716:
6596:
6302:
6149:
6049:
6039:
5943:
5851:
5831:
5739:
5521:
4889:
4374:
3897:
3876:"Report on the drinks and drinking among the Mandaya, Manobo, and Mangguangan Tribes"
2932:
2922:
1950:
1911:/mes: an Ethiopian and Eritrean mead, fermented with wild yeasts and the addition of
1892:
do not apply to commercial or historical examples of this or any other type of mead).
1595:
1289:
1243:
753:
749:
718:
713:
of the mead once before fermentation and throughout the fermentation process using a
444:
398:, were known to the ancient Greek writers for their technique of preparing mead from
84:
4226:
2157:...Therefore to our synopsis: Mead is the general name for all drinks made of honey.
7590:
7181:
7119:
7109:
7062:
6448:
6084:
6003:
5988:
5871:
5305:
5195:
5190:
5081:
5066:
4400:
4122:
3441:
2489:
1958:
1855:
1768:
1764:
1267:
782:
650:
643:
574:
391:
361:
7339:
6671:
6646:
6494:
6362:
6204:
5220:
4753:
4195:
3749:
2068:. However, they have also been used in mead both ancient and in modern times. The
1153:
2777:
2554:
2367:
2140:
2090:
2039:
1679:
Myod: Traditional Russian mead, historically available in three major varieties:
7952:
7940:
7908:
7859:
7822:
7616:
7471:
7461:
7359:
7241:
7124:
7055:
6914:
6601:
6337:
6282:
6184:
6154:
5921:
5684:
5664:
5634:
5571:
5441:
5406:
5381:
5345:
5295:
5265:
5255:
5180:
5170:
5160:
5155:
5029:
4703:
2074:
Mohnike, G.C.F. (September 1828 – January 1829). "Tegner's Legend of Frithiof".
1999:
1954:
1895:
1844:
1806:
1719:
1484:
1303:
1251:
1235:
1197:
1095:
1079:
982:
971:
911:
729:
for two reasons: it lets the mead sit away from the remains of the yeast cells (
617:
342:
154:
52:
4580:
3713:
3402:
2682:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1313:
Capsicumel: A mead flavored with chili peppers; the peppers may be hot or mild.
7812:
7728:
7718:
7669:
7575:
7570:
7555:
7491:
7486:
7451:
7349:
7344:
7304:
7231:
7176:
7166:
7161:
7148:
7104:
7092:
7082:
7040:
6866:
6806:
6741:
6686:
6626:
6571:
6519:
6287:
6008:
5978:
5245:
5235:
5093:
4843:
4813:
2397:"The Funerary Feast of King Midas @ the Penn Museum | Remains of a Feast"
2352:
2125:
1813:
1523:
893:
889:
714:
597:
541:
403:
382:
separation, dated to roughly 2000 BCE, so this mention may originate from the
202:
4515:
4020:"Colonization and Alcoholic Beverages of Early Visayans from Samar and Leyte"
3223:
2862:
2605:
Lukas, Kathryn; Peterson, Shane (2018). "Chapter 1: The Fermentation Story".
2503:
Lukas, Kathryn; Peterson, Shane (2018). "Chapter 1: The Fermentation Story".
2429:
569:. Beekeeping was brought around the 5th century, traditionally attributed to
7690:
7580:
7560:
7496:
7476:
7466:
7426:
7364:
7246:
7186:
7087:
6791:
6756:
6726:
6586:
6297:
6059:
5953:
5916:
5694:
5624:
5501:
5481:
5416:
5335:
5210:
5049:
4673:
3676:
2907:
2702:
1989:
1802:
1795:
1784:: A Polish great mead, made using two units of honey for each unit of water.
1690:
1641:
1587:
1553:
1476:
1363:
1031:
885:
837:
636:
593:
559:
536:
532:
528:
439:
411:
395:
334:
150:
124:
6581:
6357:
5556:
4633:
4019:
3991:
Scott, William Henry (1990). "Sixteenth-Century Visayan Food and Farming".
3421:
2721:
2573:
1257:
158:
3602:"Spring is sweet in Finland: funnel cakes, doughnuts and mead for May Day"
3245:
2530:"The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long before Neolithic Farming"
1285:
46:
7436:
7431:
7421:
7314:
7294:
7261:
7226:
7156:
7072:
7035:
6947:
6942:
6927:
6816:
6811:
6776:
6766:
6676:
6611:
6504:
6443:
6422:
6407:
6257:
5958:
5821:
5764:
5744:
5644:
5619:
5586:
5471:
5330:
5325:
5315:
5230:
5215:
5200:
4853:
4793:
4653:
3787:
3571:"Wigle Whiskey's Newest Spirit Distilled from Honey! - BumbleBerry Farms"
1937:
1833:
1829:
1723:
1652:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1504:
1496:
1469:
1442:
1320:
1316:
1247:
1017:) is usually home-made and flavored with the powdered leaves and bark of
1002:
925:
833:
813:
790:
664:
582:
570:
516:
375:
128:
17:
4126:
4004:
2443:
1790:
1355:: A Polish mead, made using three units of water for each unit of honey.
7889:
7695:
7446:
7299:
7274:
7201:
7050:
6937:
6856:
6786:
6706:
6691:
6636:
6549:
6529:
6484:
6479:
6469:
6453:
6427:
6392:
6352:
6342:
6292:
6237:
6114:
6099:
6018:
5998:
5963:
5896:
5496:
5456:
5436:
5401:
5360:
5285:
5044:
5039:
5034:
4833:
4406:
The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digby Kt. Opened 3rd ed
4389:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
3364:
2753:
2740:
1966:
1744:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1591:
1515:
1500:
1391:
1387:
1367:
1213:
1120: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1072:
1068:
1058:
964:
940:
936:
725:
566:
547:
505:
469:
415:
366:
330:
295:
4911:
3783:"The big rise in small beer is the beginning of the end for hangovers"
2095:. Translated by Joyce Stetson. Indiana University Press. p. 474.
2092:
Classic Russian Cooking: Elena Molokhovets' A Gift to Young Housewives
2019:
1933:: A Polish mead, made using two units of water for each unit of honey.
1594:. Its name indicates that many metheglins were originally employed as
7854:
7817:
7441:
7329:
7324:
6826:
6751:
6681:
6661:
6656:
6616:
6327:
6252:
6247:
6232:
6209:
6194:
6169:
6159:
6129:
6119:
6109:
5973:
5938:
5928:
5886:
5881:
5861:
5841:
5794:
5769:
5759:
5609:
5476:
5466:
5446:
5421:
5350:
5225:
4803:
4643:
4477:
The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt Opened 1669
3654:"Miody pitne - historia, regulacje prawne oraz technologia produkcji"
2468:
Crane, Eva (January 1991). "Honey from honeybees and other insects".
1877:
1858:
1737:
1583:
1571:
1531:
1519:
1276:
990:
932:
817:
805:
314:
299:
233:
132:
4149:"Indigenous 'first summer' season of birak gets off to a late start"
3355:
3139:
Sacred and Herbal Healing Beers: The Secrets of Ancient Fermentation
2609:. 10 Speed Press, Crown Publishing Group, Random House. p. 14.
2507:. 10 Speed Press, Crown Publishing Group, Random House. p. 13.
2854:
7354:
7309:
7279:
6932:
6561:
6367:
6317:
6272:
6262:
6227:
6139:
6013:
5948:
5891:
5754:
5729:
5724:
5709:
5689:
5674:
5654:
5639:
5546:
5536:
5531:
5491:
5486:
5461:
5431:
5396:
5391:
5355:
5340:
5275:
5145:
5059:
4773:
4683:
4611:
4093:
3688:
1994:
1984:
1962:
1913:
1899:
1713:
1709:
1637:
1557:
1359:
1338:
1333:
1295:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1042:
995:
952:
921:
809:
778:
748:
is placed in a secondary fermentation vessel for 6 to 9 months of
744:
Primary fermentation usually takes 28 to 56 days, after which the
601:
498:
473:
399:
291:
217:
213:
209:
205:
146:
113:
30:
This article is about the alcoholic beverage. For other uses, see
4288:
Pyment: Honeywine made with grapes/grape juice/grape concentrate.
1664:
Mungitch: A party drink made in Western Australia, by Indigenous
1366:
herbs and spices. It has been produced since 1972 in the city of
1266:
Black mead: A name was sometimes given to the blend of honey and
741:
are added. After the mead clears, it is bottled and distributed.
585:. Many other legends of saints mention mead, as does that of the
6906:
6862:
6474:
6134:
5719:
5629:
5581:
5576:
5511:
5451:
5054:
3967:"First-Drinking Like a Viking: The Beat Asia Tries La Mesa Mead"
2065:
1881:
1862:
1741:
1024:
829:
821:
745:
671:
513:
460:
of honey. For a weaker mead, mix a sextarius of water with nine
221:
7642:
6879:
6860:
6390:
5792:
5121:
4953:
4915:
4584:
1394:
and many other places. The word "gverc" or "gvirc' is from the
1061:
has been part of culinary tradition for over a thousand years.
769:
methods, however, proved effective for enhancing mead quality.
581:("house of the circling of mead"). Mead was often infused with
208:
mixed with water, and sometimes with added ingredients such as
6701:
6307:
5906:
5566:
4713:
3677:"Chapter 19: The Trends and Prospects of Winemaking in Poland"
2190:
1908:
1809:, and often has a cidery taste. It can also be champagne-like.
1575:
1089:
1007:
360:
The earliest surviving written record of mead is possibly the
178:
142:
7638:
2638:
Northern Lore: A Field Guide to the Northern Mind-Body-Spirit
1820:
1819:
Rhodomel: made from honey, water and flowers. From the Greek
1748:
1383:: A Polish mead, made using equal amounts of water and honey.
3166:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1944. p. 1222.
858:
259:
4378:
2444:"Mead | Definition, Production, & History | Britannica"
1473:). It is also used as a name for light or low-alcohol mead.
861:
757:
262:
1839:
Rubamel: A specific type of melomel made with raspberries.
1288:: Also called bragot, brackett and bragget. Welsh origin (
1034:. A sweeter, less-alcoholic version (honey-water) called
2082:. London: Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun and Richter.
939:
strength, in which case it is sometimes referred to as a
870:
864:
852:
616:– "fermented honey drink" – derives from the
596:
kept up the traditions of mead-making as a by-product of
317:, would turn anyone who drank it into a poet or scholar.
271:
265:
253:
3164:
The Oxford Universal Dictionary on Historical Principles
2118:
Alexis Lichine's new encyclopedia of wines & spirits
1538:
for mead. Commercially available in the Czech Republic,
6875:
3204:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
4475:
Digby, Kenelm; Jane Stevenson; Peter Davidson (1997).
4068:"Lithuanian Mead - The world's oldest alcoholic drink"
3652:
Synowiec, A.; Wzorek, W.; Baca, E. (23 January 2024).
1740:: Another historical mead recipe, blending honey with
1227:, made using two units of water for each unit of honey
298:, for example, is the fermentation of honey-sweetened
7924:
2678:"Fermented beverages of pre-and proto-historic China"
1726:; could therefore be considered a variety of pyment (
873:
378:
dated around 1700–1100 BCE. The Rigveda predates the
274:
867:
268:
181:
7847:
7831:
7803:
7755:
7737:
7704:
7676:
7543:
7505:
7400:
7377:
7260:
7147:
7135:
7028:
6956:
6913:
6220:
6029:
5806:
5597:
5371:
5135:
5017:
4964:
4745:
4622:
3183:. Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2018
1767:drink made from a fermented mixture of wild honey,
1686:, creating a rich, complex and high-priced product.
1067:is enjoying a resurgence, starting with small home
855:
849:
256:
250:
175:
138:
120:
109:
101:
93:
83:
70:
60:
4514:
3764:"Mead, the honey-based brew producing a real buzz"
2064:Hops are better known as the bitter ingredient of
2044:(1st ed.). Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 290.
1798:, a grape wine with honey added post-fermentation.
197:(particularly when low in alcohol content), is an
4517:Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life
4409:. London: Printed by H.C. for H. Brome. pp.
3531:
3529:
2924:Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life
1567:Melomel: A type of mead that also contains fruit.
1232:Acerglyn: A mead made with honey and maple syrup.
1208:Bottles of "medica" (r.meditsa) – a mead made in
452:Take rainwater kept for several years, and mix a
3492:The Penguin Book of Home Brewing and Wine-Making
2801:"Indo-European languages, Indo-European studies"
2020:"Mead dictionary definition | mead defined"
1708:, they often incorporate other flavours such as
682:(蜜) was borrowed from the extinct Indo-European
2770:Traditional Foods: General and Consumer Aspects
1332:Cyser: A melomel mead made from home honey and
573:, and mead came with it. A banquet hall on the
450:
224:. The alcoholic content ranges from about 3.5%
4303:The Pub in Literature: England's Altered State
3803:"Bar news | Gosnells creates low-alcohol mead"
1426:name for mead. (See also and compare with the
7654:
6891:
4927:
4596:
3929:Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English
2186:"Medieval No More: Mead Enjoys A Renaissance"
1404:" and refers to various spices added to mead.
969:
920:Historically, meads were fermented with wild
8:
4018:Demetrio, Feorillo Petronilo A. III (2012).
3880:The Philippine Journal of Science: Section A
1965:. It is made by fermenting honey, water and
1487:made with honey and the pounded bark of the
1399:
39:
6395:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
4306:. Manchester University Press. p. 28.
3993:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
3675:Morata, Antonio; Loira, Iris, eds. (2016).
2805:Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
521:
410:, mead was said to be the preferred drink.
7661:
7647:
7639:
7144:
6898:
6884:
6876:
6857:
6387:
5803:
5789:
5132:
5118:
4961:
4950:
4934:
4920:
4912:
4603:
4589:
4581:
4430:. Manuscript (Internet Archive). pp.
2263:
2261:
1071:and now with a number of small commercial
985:is often used in place of honey ). During
503:A mention of "meodu scencu" (mead-cup) in
282:), and mead that contains fruit is called
45:
38:
4494:Gayre, Robert; Papazian, Charlie (1986).
4194:
3932:. Vol. 1. London: G. Bell. pp.
3658:Przemysł Fermentacyjny i Owocowo-Warzywny
3411:
3401:
3363:
3281:. Brewers Publications. pp. 31, 37.
3132:
3130:
2711:
2701:
2607:The Farmhouse Culture Guide To Fermenting
2563:
2553:
2505:The Farmhouse Culture Guide To Fermenting
2372:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 7.
1414:, i.e. literally "water-honey" (see also
1180:Learn how and when to remove this message
1038:, aged for a shorter time, is also made.
4496:Brewing Mead: Wassail! In Mazers of Mead
2173:. Michigan: Academic Press. p. 413.
1610:, and the word "metheglin" derives from
512:There is a poem attributed to the Welsh
7931:
7839:Clarification and stabilization of wine
4331:(2nd ed.). Mt. Gilboa Miscellany.
3489:Tayleur, W.H.T.; Michael Spink (1973).
3313:. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications.
3064:"Looking into the long history of mead"
2011:
1722:: A mead recipe that blends honey with
981:festival (although in modern practice,
3379:
3377:
3375:
3337:
3335:
3246:"Making Mead: the Art and the Science"
3175:
3173:
2875:
2630:
2628:
2626:
1479:: An extinct alcoholic drink from the
519:, who lived around 550 CE, called the
4453:. Blackwell Publishers. p. 351.
3714:"The drink of kings makes a comeback"
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
2641:. Eoghan Odinsson. pp. 159–160.
2145:. Brewers Publications. p. 158.
1012:
690:also a cognate with the English word
480:this was an earlier version of Welsh
414:(384–322 BCE) discussed mead made in
7:
3947:Garcia, Ian Rav (28 February 2019).
3251:. Beer Judge Certification Program.
3232:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007
3216:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007
2892:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
2333:Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne (2009).
1118:adding citations to reliable sources
900:, which was also used as a means of
884:A mead that contains fruit (such as
4268:"Mazer Cup Guidelines (commercial)"
4245:from the original on 9 October 2022
4206:from the original on 9 October 2022
3344:Journal of the Institute of Brewing
3311:Mad about mead!: nectar of the gods
3258:from the original on 9 October 2022
1847:strength) and often retains a high
1812:Red mead: A form of mead made with
1260:: A native Mexican version of mead.
781:") including fruit and spices, the
3437:"Making Mead in a Space-Age World"
2213:"Mead leaves the dark ages behind"
1756:, literally "vinegar-honey" (also
1704:: Typically fermented to below 6%
565:) was a popular drink in medieval
27:Alcoholic beverage made from honey
25:
6923:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
4094:"Lietuviškas midus | Mead balsam"
3902:medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com
3712:Gittleson, Kim (2 October 2013).
3435:Tierney, John (21 October 2014).
2813:10.1163/2352-0272_emho_dum_021344
1884:style guidelines, as well as the
1734:, literally "unripe-grape-honey".
756:contents, must water percentage,
370:, one of the sacred books of the
7946:
7934:
7902:
7610:
4736:
4427:Family Formulary and Recipe Book
4272:American MEad Makers Association
4235:Beer Judge Certification Program
4225:Gordon Strong; Kristen England.
3600:Raiskila, Erja (26 April 2018).
2470:Ethology Ecology & Evolution
1407:Hydromel: Name derived from the
1094:
931:Mead can also be distilled to a
845:
492:in 1603 and the creation of the
339:naturally occurring fermentation
246:
171:
3781:Kobie, Nicole (8 August 2020).
3546:"Castle Life - Medieval Drinks"
3137:Buhner, Stephen Harrod (1998).
2414:. University of Chicago Press.
1105:needs additional citations for
351:fermentation in food processing
229:can also be dry or semi-sweet.
4972:History of alcoholic beverages
3466:. 24 July 2004. Archived from
2490:10.1080/03949370.1991.10721919
2184:Fitzsimons, Tim (1 May 2011).
1980:History of alcoholic beverages
1949:: A native mead made from the
977:is connected with the Finnish
364:mentioned in the hymns of the
1:
7865:Glossary of viticulture terms
4196:10.1525/aa.1938.40.2.02a00040
3550:www.castlesandmanorhouses.com
3107:Foley, Ray (1 January 2006).
2835:Insights into Modern Hinduism
2410:Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1983).
2369:A History of Beer and Brewing
394:, a northern subgroup of the
116:, water, fruit, herbs, spices
7870:Glossary of winemaking terms
3825:"Something To Braggot About"
3681:Grape and Wine Biotechnology
2839:Ādarsha Sādhu: An Ideal Monk
2778:10.1007/978-1-4899-7648-2_27
2555:10.1371/journal.pone.0131422
2316:"History of beer in Hungary"
2298:The Oxford Companion to Wine
2076:The Foreign Quarterly Review
1651:Morat: a blend of honey and
670:and the ancient Irish queen
629:Proto-Indo-European language
600:, especially in areas where
313:, crafted from the blood of
7979:History of alcoholic drinks
3464:"Mead Lover's Digest #1117"
2833:Pratt, J. B. (July 1935). "
2089:Molokhovets, Elena (1998).
1362:, that combines honey with
531:is echoed in the mead hall
337:, due to the prevalence of
302:of grapes or other fruits.
8055:
7790:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
4899:Honey liqueurs and spirits
4677:(Belarus, Russia, Ukraine)
3403:10.3390/molecules190812577
1940:alternative name for mead.
1828:, literally "rose-honey".
1821:
1749:
1065:In the United States, mead
804:A mead that also contains
539:) as depicted in the poem
484:. When 12-year-old Prince
442:gave a recipe for mead in
29:
7898:
7880:History of the wine press
7770:Sparkling wine production
7604:
6873:
6841:
6400:
6386:
5802:
5788:
5131:
5117:
4960:
4949:
4876:
4734:
4300:Earnshaw, Steven (2000).
4174:La Barre, Weston (1938).
3123:– via Google Books.
2890:Food in the ancient world
2837:. Hervey de Witt Griswold
2635:Odinsson, Eoghan (2010).
2218:The Sydney Morning Herald
2169:Rose, Anthony H. (1977).
1319:: A kind of mead made in
1238:: A native mead from the
372:historical Vedic religion
44:
8014:Swedish alcoholic drinks
7875:Wine tasting descriptors
7596:Wine tasting descriptors
7525:Phenolic content in wine
7417:Alternative wine closure
7001:Great French Wine Blight
6244:Coconut and other palms
5616:Coconut and other palms
4987:History of Bordeaux wine
4746:Alcohol mixed with honey
4555:. Brewers Publications.
4498:. Brewers Publications.
4424:Webb, Catherine (1670).
4363:Oxford Companion to Wine
3874:Garvan, John M. (1912).
3575:www.bumbleberryfarms.com
2888:Alcock, Joan P. (2006).
2272:. Brewers Publications.
2242:Making Mead (Honey Wine)
2116:Lichine, Alexis (1987).
1805:): primarily that it is
1358:Dandaghare: A mead from
1329:: Mead made with coffee.
947:), in the same way that
494:Kingdom of Great Britain
341:and the distribution of
232:Mead that also contains
105:dry, sweet or semi-sweet
7765:Malolactic fermentation
5072:Drinking establishments
4386:Encyclopædia Britannica
4327:Angotti, Laura (2019).
4183:American Anthropologist
4176:"Native American Beers"
3631:www.smakizpolski.com.pl
2843:The Journal of Religion
2703:10.1073/pnas.0407921102
2302:Oxford University Press
1886:International Mead Fest
1668:using flowers from the
1298:: A native mead of the
735:potassium metabisulfite
635:. Its cognates include
428:(23–79 CE) called mead
7999:Early Germanic cuisine
7984:Northern Irish cuisine
6279:Sugarcane or molasses
5716:Sugarcane or molasses
4955:History and production
4553:The Compleat Meadmaker
4513:Kerenyi, Karl (1976).
4227:"2015 Mead Guidelines"
3279:The Compleat Meadmaker
2921:Kerenyi, Karl (1976).
2139:Gayre, Robert (1986).
2024:www.yourdictionary.com
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1590:, cinnamon, cloves or
1400:
1228:
1216:
1201:
1045:a mead variant called
1030:which is a species of
987:secondary fermentation
970:
967:, a sweet mead called
760:, additives used, and
522:
509:
466:
456:of this water with a
238:
8039:Honey-based beverages
7566:Wine and food pairing
5002:History of Rioja wine
4551:Schramm, Ken (2003).
4449:Wilkes, John (1996).
4042:"Russian Honey Drink"
3627:"Polska miodem stała"
3523:, Odhams Press. p. 79
3519:Aylett, Mary (1953).
3277:Schramm, Ken (2003).
2366:Hornsey, Ian (2003).
2322:on 28 September 2010.
2268:Schramm, Ken (2003).
2240:Morse, Roger (1992).
1771:bark and fresh water.
1560:variant (honey-based
1542:and presumably other
1222:
1207:
1195:
502:
468:Ancient Greek writer
424:and elsewhere, while
32:Mead (disambiguation)
7217:Muscat of Alexandria
6713:Mammee apple flower
4992:History of Champagne
4847:(Dominican Republic)
4523:Princeton University
4357:26 July 2008 at the
3742:"Top 10 Food Trends"
3113:. Sourcebooks, Inc.
2929:Princeton University
2592:depts.washington.edu
2528:Snir, Ainit (2015).
1794:was synonymous with
1114:improve this article
698:Fermentation process
674:, among others. The
604:could not be grown.
7795:Yeast in winemaking
7747:Carbonic maceration
6763:Sugarcane/molasses
5206:Moscatel de Setúbal
5099:Yeast in winemaking
5087:Yeast in winemaking
4943:Alcoholic beverages
4837:(Poland, Lithuania)
3949:"Back in Maragusan"
3770:. 24 November 2013.
3752:on 27 October 2011.
3495:. Penguin. p.
3470:on 15 December 2013
2961:Natural History XIV
2841:. A. J. Sunavala".
2694:2004PNAS..10117593M
2546:2015PLoSO..1031422S
2482:1991EtEcE...3S.100C
2412:From honey to ashes
2337:. Wiley-Blackwell.
2171:Alcoholic Beverages
1386:Gverc or medovina:
1306:made by fermenting
945:freeze distillation
767:Cell immobilization
490:Union of the Crowns
309:, for example, the
41:
7785:Traditional method
7586:Wine personalities
7290:Cabernet Sauvignon
4997:History of Chianti
4965:History of alcohol
4479:. Prospect Books.
4278:on 8 November 2016
4155:. 14 December 2015
3309:Spence, P (1997).
3096:. 20 January 2024.
2973:about half a liter
2736:"Book 5 v. 43:3–4"
2448:www.britannica.com
2070:Legend of Frithiof
2038:Fitch, Ed (1990).
1730:). From the Greek
1674:Nuytsia floribunda
1422:). It is also the
1229:
1217:
1202:
795:cinnamon metheglin
510:
478:James Henry Ramsay
435:Naturalis Historia
347:multiple discovery
199:alcoholic beverage
65:fermented beverage
8024:Icelandic cuisine
8009:Norwegian cuisine
7974:Germanic paganism
7922:
7921:
7916:
7915:
7686:Late harvest wine
7636:
7635:
7373:
7372:
7270:Alicante Bouschet
7018:Judgment of Paris
6854:
6853:
6837:
6836:
6540:Chocolate liqueur
6501:Blackthorn shrub
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6334:Various starches
6090:Tennessee whiskey
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5751:Various starches
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5007:History of Sherry
4909:
4908:
4626:(fermented honey)
4575:978-0-578-18895-9
4562:978-0-937381-80-9
4545:978-0-7624-6358-9
4532:978-0-691-09863-0
4505:978-0-937381-00-7
4486:978-0-907325-76-5
4313:978-0-7190-5305-4
4072:The Baltic Review
3698:978-953-51-2692-8
3506:978-0-14-046190-9
3326:Mother Earth News
3288:978-0-937381-80-9
3148:978-0-937381-66-3
3120:978-1-4022-5014-9
3070:. 23 January 2016
3000:Columella, 60 AD
2991:about ¼ kilograms
2942:978-0-691-09863-0
2787:978-1-4899-7648-2
2648:978-1-4528-5143-3
2616:978-0-399-58265-3
2588:"Ceramic history"
2514:978-0-399-58265-3
2476:(sup1): 100–105.
2379:978-0-85404-630-0
2344:978-1-4051-8119-8
2335:A history of food
2279:978-0-937381-80-9
2251:978-1-878075-04-8
2152:978-0-937381-00-7
2102:978-0-253-21210-8
2051:978-0-87542-224-4
2041:The Rites of Odin
1932:
1832:, rose petals or
1783:
1747:. From the Greek
1602:word for mead is
1495:Medica/medovica:
1490:Neolitsea villosa
1390:mead prepared in
1382:
1354:
1310:roots with honey.
1190:
1189:
1182:
1164:
959:Regional variants
902:food preservation
739:potassium sorbate
709:By measuring the
164:
163:
73:Alcohol by volume
16:(Redirected from
8046:
8034:Estonian cuisine
7989:Scottish cuisine
7951:
7950:
7939:
7938:
7930:
7907:
7906:
7663:
7656:
7649:
7640:
7615:
7614:
7530:Proteins in wine
7197:Grüner Veltliner
7145:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6877:
6858:
6461:Herbs de Majorca
6435:Anisado Mallorca
6388:
6190:American whiskey
6181:Multiple grains
6070:Buckwheat whisky
5804:
5790:
5563:Multiple grains
5133:
5124:Fermented drinks
5119:
5025:Alcohol industry
4962:
4951:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4913:
4902:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4869:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4849:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4829:
4828:
4819:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4740:
4729:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4679:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4664:Lindisfarne Mead
4659:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4616:alcoholic drinks
4605:
4598:
4591:
4582:
4566:
4536:
4520:
4509:
4490:
4464:
4436:
4435:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4382:
4371:
4365:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4274:. Archived from
4264:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4244:
4231:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4180:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4125:. Archived from
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3904:. 8 January 2018
3894:
3888:
3887:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:. 2 January 2020
3799:
3793:
3792:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3748:. Archived from
3740:Bender, Andrew.
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3577:. Archived from
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3542:
3536:
3535:Tayleur, p. 291.
3533:
3524:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3381:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2745:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2318:. Archived from
2312:
2306:
2305:
2300:(2nd ed.).
2294:Robinson, Jancis
2290:
2284:
2283:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2244:. Wicwas Press.
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:. 3 January 2011
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2086:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2016:
1926:
1849:specific gravity
1824:
1823:
1777:
1752:
1751:
1684:balsamic vinegar
1632:
1624:
1618:, a compound of
1616:
1608:
1548:Eastern-European
1507:variety of mead.
1403:
1376:
1348:
1210:Međimurje County
1185:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1122:
1098:
1090:
1016:
1014:[ˈtʼədʒ]
975:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
785:employed during
711:specific gravity
678:word for honey,
579:Tech Mid Chuarda
525:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
139:Related products
76:
49:
42:
21:
8054:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8043:
8029:Finnish cuisine
7959:
7958:
7957:
7945:
7933:
7925:
7923:
7918:
7917:
7912:
7909:Wine portal
7901:
7894:
7885:History of wine
7843:
7827:
7799:
7751:
7733:
7714:Deacidification
7700:
7672:
7667:
7637:
7632:
7617:Wine portal
7609:
7600:
7539:
7501:
7406:
7396:
7369:
7256:
7237:Sauvignon blanc
7172:Cayetana blanca
7140:
7138:grape varieties
7131:
7024:
6952:
6909:
6904:
6869:
6855:
6850:
6833:
6802:Crème de cassis
6797:Crème de banane
6783:Various fruits
6652:Crème de menthe
6413:Crème de Noyaux
6396:
6374:
6216:
6200:Canadian whisky
6174:Kaoliang liquor
6080:Bourbon whiskey
6045:Japanese whisky
6025:
5994:Marillenschnaps
5970:Various fruits
5798:
5776:
5605:Agave americana
5593:
5367:
5322:Various fruits
5127:
5105:
5013:
4982:History of wine
4977:History of beer
4956:
4945:
4940:
4910:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4752:
4741:
4732:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4618:
4609:
4563:
4550:
4533:
4512:
4506:
4493:
4487:
4474:
4471:
4469:Further reading
4461:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4359:Wayback Machine
4350:
4346:
4339:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4281:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4129:on 9 March 2015
4117:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4048:. 30 March 2009
4040:
4039:
4035:
4017:
4016:
4012:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3971:The Beat Manila
3965:
3964:
3960:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3829:The Crafty Pint
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3719:BBC News Online
3711:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3396:(8): 12577–90.
3383:
3382:
3373:
3356:10.1002/jib.239
3341:
3340:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3296:
3289:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3141:. Siris Books.
3136:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2957:Pliny the Elder
2955:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2931:Press. p.
2920:
2919:
2915:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2749:"Book 8 v. 5:6"
2747:
2746:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2688:(51): 17593–8.
2675:
2674:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2540:(7): e0131422.
2527:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2422:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2088:
2073:
2072:mentions hops:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2008:
1976:
1947:Muratina/Kaluvu
1562:fermented drink
1481:Visayas Islands
1186:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1123:
1121:
1111:
1099:
1088:
1028:bittering agent
961:
848:
844:
840:), is called a
775:
700:
658:Old High German
610:
587:Children of Lir
476:. According to
448:, about 60 CE.
426:Pliny the Elder
331:ceramic pottery
323:
307:Norse mythology
249:
245:
189:), also called
174:
170:
71:
56:
55:-flavored mead.
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8052:
8050:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8019:Danish cuisine
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7961:
7960:
7956:
7955:
7943:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7913:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7775:Sugars in wine
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7724:Chaptalization
7721:
7716:
7710:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7682:
7680:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7658:
7651:
7643:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7551:Classification
7547:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7535:Sugars in wine
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7511:
7509:
7507:Wine chemistry
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7482:Wine dispenser
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7413:
7411:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7383:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7285:Cabernet Franc
7282:
7277:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7252:Welschriesling
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7207:Müller-Thurgau
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7153:
7151:
7142:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7010:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6974:Ancient Greece
6971:
6962:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6880:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6566:
6565:
6564:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6526:Chili peppers
6524:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6515:Cherry Heering
6509:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6425:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6313:Seco Herrerano
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6125:Mixiang Baijiu
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5810:
5808:
5800:
5799:
5797:by ingredients
5793:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5129:
5128:
5126:by ingredients
5122:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4860:
4850:
4840:
4830:
4820:
4810:
4800:
4790:
4780:
4777:(Pennsylvania)
4770:
4760:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4670:
4660:
4650:
4640:
4629:
4627:
4620:
4619:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4567:
4561:
4548:
4537:
4531:
4510:
4504:
4491:
4485:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4459:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4416:
4392:
4377:, ed. (1911).
4375:Chisholm, Hugh
4366:
4344:
4337:
4319:
4312:
4292:
4259:
4217:
4189:(2): 224–234.
4166:
4140:
4110:
4085:
4074:. 24 July 2015
4059:
4046:English Russia
4033:
4010:
3999:(4): 291–311.
3983:
3958:
3953:Mindanao Times
3939:
3924:Wright, Thomas
3915:
3889:
3866:
3854:When In Manila
3841:
3816:
3794:
3773:
3755:
3732:
3704:
3697:
3683:. IntechOpen.
3667:
3644:
3618:
3592:
3581:on 18 May 2021
3562:
3537:
3525:
3512:
3505:
3481:
3455:
3427:
3371:
3350:(3): 405–410.
3331:
3316:
3294:
3287:
3269:
3237:
3194:
3169:
3154:
3147:
3126:
3119:
3099:
3081:
3068:Irish Examiner
3055:
3050:Llyfr Taliesin
3041:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2948:
2941:
2913:
2898:
2880:
2868:
2855:10.1086/481664
2825:
2792:
2786:
2760:
2727:
2668:
2654:
2647:
2622:
2615:
2597:
2579:
2520:
2513:
2495:
2460:
2435:
2420:
2402:
2388:
2378:
2358:
2343:
2325:
2307:
2304:. p. 775.
2285:
2278:
2257:
2250:
2232:
2204:
2176:
2161:
2151:
2131:
2108:
2101:
2057:
2050:
2029:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1944:
1941:
1934:
1921:
1918:
1906:
1903:
1893:
1874:yeast nutrient
1869:
1866:
1840:
1837:
1817:
1810:
1799:
1785:
1772:
1761:
1735:
1717:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1687:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1635:
1626:, "healing" +
1596:folk medicines
1568:
1565:
1551:
1508:
1493:
1474:
1405:
1384:
1371:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1311:
1300:Mansaka people
1293:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1233:
1188:
1187:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1055:Mead in Poland
960:
957:
896:) is called a
774:
771:
699:
696:
609:
606:
553:Mead of poetry
408:ancient Greece
388:Eastern Europe
384:Western Steppe
355:northern China
322:
319:
311:Mead of Poetry
162:
161:
140:
136:
135:
122:
118:
117:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
81:
80:
77:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8051:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7994:Welsh cuisine
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7928:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7897:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7664:
7659:
7657:
7652:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7641:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7520:Acids in wine
7518:
7516:
7515:Aroma of wine
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7410:
7404:
7399:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7379:Major regions
7376:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7335:Montepulciano
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6901:
6896:
6894:
6889:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6859:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6737:Grand Marnier
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:Cream liqueur
6595:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6050:Scotch whisky
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Irish whiskey
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:Cashew apple
5827:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5740:Fermented tea
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Shaoxing wine
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5312:Prickly pear
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4460:9780631146711
4456:
4452:
4451:The Illyrians
4447:
4446:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4401:Digby, Kenelm
4396:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4241:
4238:. p. 5.
4237:
4236:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3984:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3689:10.5772/64976
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3607:
3606:thisisFINLAND
3603:
3596:
3593:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3521:Country Wines
3516:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3485:
3482:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:De re rustica
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2963:. XII:85 etc.
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2899:0-313-08314-2
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2878:, p. 98.
2877:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:0-226-47489-5
2417:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:oxymelikraton
1755:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:blackcurrants
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:Manobo people
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:Trójniak – a
1221:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1181:
1173:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131: –
1130:
1126:
1125:Find sources:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1103:This section
1101:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:Mead variants
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1005:mead variant
1004:
999:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
973:
966:
958:
956:
954:
951:is made from
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
918:
915:
913:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
772:
770:
768:
763:
759:
755:
754:microorganism
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
722:
720:
719:refractometer
716:
712:
707:
705:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
662:
659:
655:
652:
648:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
577:was known as
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
556:
554:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
524:
518:
515:
508:
507:
501:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
465:
463:
459:
455:
449:
447:
446:
445:De re rustica
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
423:
422:
421:Meteorologica
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:. During the
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
279:
243:
242:
241:
235:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
186:
168:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
66:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
7900:
7757:Fermentation
7608:
7591:Wine tasting
7212:Muscat blanc
7182:Chenin blanc
6979:Ancient Rome
6085:Corn whiskey
5989:Himbeergeist
5842:Kirschwasser
5699:
5604:
5302:Pomegranate
5196:Marsala wine
5191:Madeira wine
5082:Simple syrup
5077:Fermentation
5067:Distillation
4897:
4888:
4623:
4552:
4516:
4495:
4476:
4450:
4443:Bibliography
4426:
4419:
4405:
4395:
4384:
4380:"Saké"
4369:
4362:
4347:
4328:
4322:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4280:. Retrieved
4276:the original
4271:
4262:
4254:
4247:. Retrieved
4233:
4220:
4210:18 September
4208:. Retrieved
4186:
4182:
4169:
4157:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4127:the original
4123:Saku Brewery
4113:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4071:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4045:
4036:
4027:
4023:
4013:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:
3961:
3952:
3942:
3928:
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3901:
3892:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:
3844:
3832:. Retrieved
3828:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3797:
3786:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3750:the original
3745:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3717:
3707:
3680:
3670:
3664:(54): 11–12.
3661:
3657:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3630:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3605:
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3579:the original
3574:
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:
3540:
3520:
3515:
3491:
3484:
3472:. Retrieved
3468:the original
3458:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:The Atlantic
3440:
3430:
3393:
3389:
3347:
3343:
3325:
3319:
3310:
3278:
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3240:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3163:
3157:
3138:
3109:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3067:
3058:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2987:
2982:about 1/3 kg
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2923:
2916:
2889:
2883:
2871:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2769:
2763:
2752:
2739:
2730:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2657:
2637:
2606:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:
2438:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2383:
2368:
2361:
2334:
2328:
2320:the original
2310:
2297:
2288:
2269:
2241:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2216:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2189:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2142:Brewing Mead
2141:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2060:
2040:
2032:
2023:
2014:
1912:
1889:
1856:dessert wine
1825:
1807:effervescent
1789:
1763:Pitarrilla:
1757:
1753:
1731:
1727:
1712:, herbs and
1627:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1488:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1337:
1176:
1167:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1124:
1112:Please help
1107:verification
1104:
1077:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1018:
1006:
1000:
968:
962:
930:
919:
916:
910:
905:
897:
883:
841:
803:
798:
794:
787:fermentation
776:
743:
723:
708:
701:
691:
687:
679:
667:
660:
653:
651:Middle Dutch
646:
644:Proto-Slavic
639:
632:
624:
620:
613:
612:The English
611:
591:
578:
575:Hill of Tara
562:
557:
546:
540:
535:(modern-day
520:
511:
504:
481:
467:
451:
443:
433:
429:
419:
380:Indo-Iranian
374:and (later)
365:
359:
324:
304:
287:
283:
237:
231:
194:
190:
166:
165:
36:
7860:Wine bottle
7832:Other steps
7823:Wine cellar
7780:Süssreserve
7472:Wine cellar
7462:Wine bottle
7403:accessories
7401:Packaging,
7360:Tempranillo
6989:Noah's wine
6969:Phoenicians
6915:Viticulture
6748:Star anise
6642:Bénédictine
6602:Irish cream
6338:Aguardiente
6283:Aguardiente
6155:Rye whiskey
5665:Ginger wine
5382:Barley wine
5346:Mulled wine
5296:Plum jerkum
5266:Lychee wine
5256:Longan wine
5181:Bokbunja-ju
5171:Bignay wine
5161:Banana wine
5156:Banana beer
5030:Bathtub gin
4824:Krambambula
4764:Bénédictine
4687:(Lithuania)
4133:17 February
4103:24 February
4078:24 February
3633:(in Polish)
3585:22 February
3365:10198/16120
3262:18 February
3210:(1): 7–22.
2876:Wilkes 1996
2453:19 November
1936:Včelovina:
1814:redcurrants
1769:balché-tree
1732:omphakomeli
1634:, "liquor".
1524:Montenegrin
1485:Philippines
1304:Philippines
1252:Philippines
1246:of eastern
1225:Polish mead
1212:, northern
1080:Philippines
983:brown sugar
826:meadowsweet
799:apple cyser
704:wine making
688:mit –
618:Old English
594:monasteries
327:agriculture
286:. The term
110:Ingredients
97:pale yellow
53:elderflower
8004:Entheogens
7963:Categories
7739:Maceration
7729:Wine press
7719:Destemming
7670:Winemaking
7576:Wine fraud
7571:Wine fault
7556:Oenophilia
7492:Wine label
7487:Wine glass
7452:Port tongs
7350:Sangiovese
7345:Pinot noir
7305:Douce noir
7232:Rkatsiteli
7177:Chardonnay
7167:Catarratto
7141:by acreage
7115:Biodynamic
7078:Aromatized
6867:winemaking
6807:Limoncello
6742:Triple sec
6717:Eau créole
6687:Irish Mist
6672:Bärenjäger
6627:Frangelico
6557:Cloudberry
6536:Chocolate
6520:Maraschino
6066:Buckwheat
5979:Eau de vie
5282:Pineapple
5246:Duhat wine
5242:Java plum
5236:White wine
5094:Winemaking
5018:Production
4882:Categories
4864:Yukon Jack
4844:Mama Juana
4814:Irish Mist
4807:(Scotland)
4797:(Scotland)
4717:(Ethiopia)
4694:Miód pitny
4657:(Brittany)
4338:1732464618
4282:7 December
4249:7 December
4030:(1): 1–18.
3886:: 106–114.
3474:8 December
2849:(3): 358.
2353:1020512534
2126:1244230688
2006:References
1961:people of
1876:and other
1872:a special
1834:rose attar
1720:Omphacomel
1653:mulberries
1642:Lithuanian
1556:: Eastern
1550:countries.
1510:Medovina:
1466:Portuguese
1420:hydromelon
1416:melikraton
1198:homebrewed
1170:April 2018
1140:newspapers
894:strawberry
890:blackberry
832:, or even
715:hydrometer
598:beekeeping
542:Y Gododdin
523:Kanu y med
486:Charles II
404:Golden Age
288:honey wine
236:is called
203:fermenting
191:honey wine
85:Proof (US)
7691:Noble rot
7581:Winemaker
7561:Sommelier
7497:Wine rack
7477:Wine cork
7467:Wine cave
7457:Screw cap
7427:Corkscrew
7392:New World
7387:Old World
7365:Zinfandel
7340:Mourvèdre
7247:Trebbiano
7187:Colombard
7088:Noble rot
7068:Fortified
7046:Sparkling
7013:New World
6792:Cedratine
6757:Sassolino
6727:Cointreau
6647:Brennivín
6623:Hazelnut
6587:Tia Maria
6546:Cinnamon
6530:Pertsivka
6495:Bierlikör
6298:Desi daru
6060:Bierbrand
5954:Tsikoudia
5917:Slivovitz
5817:Applejack
5695:Kabarawan
5671:Galangal
5625:Palm wine
5502:Rice wine
5482:Makgeolli
5417:Oshikundu
5336:Hippocras
5221:Rosé wine
5211:Port wine
5177:Bokbunja
5050:Lautering
4827:(Belarus)
4817:(Ireland)
4757:(Germany)
4754:Bärenfang
4724:Xtabentún
4707:(Finland)
4674:Medovukha
4667:(England)
4052:2 January
3976:28 August
3898:"Braggot"
3859:28 August
3725:3 October
3390:Molecules
3224:0341-0137
3187:27 August
3094:Owlcation
2863:0022-4189
2430:664396551
2120:. Knopf.
1990:Mead hall
1853:fortified
1830:Rose hips
1826:rhodomeli
1803:light ale
1796:Hippocras
1691:medovukha
1614:meddyglyn
1588:coriander
1554:Medovukha
1528:Bulgarian
1497:Slovenian
1477:Kabarawan
1438:hidromiel
1412:hydromeli
1364:Himalayan
1346:Czwórniak
1327:Coffeemel
1073:meaderies
1069:meaderies
1032:buckthorn
1003:Ethiopian
949:applejack
886:raspberry
842:metheglin
838:chamomile
824:(such as
808:(such as
773:Varieties
684:Tocharian
637:Old Norse
608:Etymology
583:hazelnuts
560:Old Irish
537:Edinburgh
533:Din Eidyn
529:mead hall
496:in 1707.
482:metheglin
454:sextarius
440:Columella
430:militites
412:Aristotle
396:Taulantii
335:Neolithic
240:metheglin
151:medovukha
125:metheglyn
79:3.5–20.5%
18:Honeymead
7706:Pressing
7628:Glossary
7544:Industry
7437:Jug wine
7432:Decanter
7422:Box wine
7320:Isabella
7315:Grenache
7295:Carignan
7242:Sémillon
7227:Riesling
7222:Palomino
6965:Ancient
6948:Vineyard
6943:Veraison
6928:Oenology
6817:Sloe gin
6812:Schnapps
6777:Licor 43
6773:Vanilla
6767:Charanda
6698:Juniper
6677:Drambuie
6612:Advocaat
6568:Coconut
6505:Patxaran
6444:Anisette
6423:Absinthe
6408:Amaretto
6393:Liqueurs
6258:Lambanog
6166:Sorghum
6105:Cheongju
5959:Tsipouro
5903:Juniper
5877:Armagnac
5822:Calvados
5765:Parakari
5745:Kombucha
5645:Tunggang
5620:Bahalina
5587:Huangjiu
5553:Sorghum
5507:Rượu cần
5472:Gwaha-ju
5407:Tesgüino
5331:Dubonnet
5326:Conditum
5316:Colonche
5231:Vermouth
5216:Red wine
5201:Mistelle
4867:(Canada)
4854:Ron miel
4794:Drambuie
4787:(France)
4784:Chambord
4767:(France)
4727:(Mexico)
4697:(Poland)
4654:Chouchen
4647:(France)
4637:(Mexico)
4403:(1677).
4355:Archived
4240:Archived
4201:Archived
4159:29 April
4153:ABC News
4098:midus.lt
4005:29792029
3926:(1880).
3908:24 April
3834:27 April
3809:27 April
3788:Wired UK
3768:CBS News
3422:25153872
3328:: 50–54.
3253:Archived
3162:"mead".
3074:8 August
2908:65429735
2722:15590771
2574:26200895
2534:PLOS ONE
2296:(1999).
1974:See also
1924:Trójniak
1822:ῥοδόμελι
1775:Półtorak
1724:verjuice
1645:alcohol.
1540:Slovakia
1516:Croatian
1501:Croatian
1470:hidromel
1459:Galician
1455:aiguamel
1451:hidromel
1443:aguamiel
1431:idromele
1388:Croatian
1374:Dwójniak
1321:Brittany
1317:Chouchen
1248:Mindanao
1048:Muratina
1025:hop-like
989:, added-
926:bacteria
834:lavender
814:cinnamon
791:hypocras
665:Sanskrit
571:Modomnoc
517:Taliesin
376:Hinduism
343:eusocial
201:made by
195:hydromel
129:chouchen
121:Variants
51:Swedish
7927:Portals
7890:Terroir
7848:Related
7696:Vintage
7678:Harvest
7623:Outline
7447:Muselet
7409:storage
7300:Cinsaut
7275:Barbera
7202:Macabeo
7162:Aligoté
7120:Organic
7110:Natural
7063:Dessert
7008:Georgia
6958:History
6938:Terroir
6933:Species
6823:Walnut
6787:Campari
6732:Curaçao
6723:Orange
6707:Jenever
6692:Krupnik
6637:Aquavit
6578:Coffee
6550:Tentura
6511:Cherry
6485:Sambuca
6470:Mastika
6454:Hierbas
6428:Anisado
6404:Almond
6353:Horilka
6343:Akvavit
6293:Clairin
6288:Cachaça
6238:Tequila
6115:Lao-Lao
6100:Awamori
6036:Barley
6030:Cereals
6019:Schnaps
6009:Pálinka
5999:Nalewka
5964:Zivania
5897:Zivania
5838:Cherry
5795:Liquors
5661:Ginger
5497:Pangasi
5457:Choujiu
5437:Amazake
5413:Millet
5402:Tejuino
5378:Barley
5372:Cereals
5361:Sangria
5286:Tepache
5262:Lychee
5252:Longan
5167:Bignay
5152:Banana
5045:Malting
5040:Brewery
5035:Brewing
4857:(Spain)
4834:Krupnik
4614:-based
4525:Press.
4361:in the
3555:27 June
3448:20 June
3413:6271869
2754:Rigveda
2741:Rigveda
2690:Bibcode
2565:4511808
2542:Bibcode
2478:Bibcode
2225:24 June
2197:24 June
1967:Kigelia
1878:enzymes
1754:oxymeli
1750:ὀξύμελι
1745:vinegar
1702:Nectars
1670:moodjar
1666:Noongar
1592:vanilla
1544:Central
1532:Bosnian
1520:Serbian
1483:of the
1462:augamel
1448:Catalan
1435:Spanish
1428:Italian
1401:Gewürze
1392:Samobor
1368:Pokhara
1308:galanga
1302:of the
1290:bragawd
1286:Braggot
1250:in the
1240:Mandaya
1214:Croatia
1200:melomel
1154:scholar
1078:In the
1059:Ireland
991:raisins
965:Finland
941:whiskey
937:liqueur
898:melomel
676:Chinese
567:Ireland
548:Beowulf
506:Beowulf
470:Pytheas
432:in his
418:in his
416:Illiria
367:Rigveda
333:in the
321:History
296:Hungary
284:melomel
7855:Winery
7818:Solera
7442:Kvevri
7330:Merlot
7325:Malbec
7125:Kosher
7101:Other
7056:Orange
7029:Styles
6996:France
6827:Nocino
6752:Pastis
6682:Glayva
6668:Honey
6662:Unicum
6657:Metaxa
6633:Herbs
6617:Eggnog
6593:Cream
6582:Kahlúa
6572:Malibu
6419:Anise
6363:Shōchū
6358:Poitín
6348:Bangla
6328:Tharra
6269:Dairy
6253:Laksoy
6248:Arrack
6233:Mezcal
6210:Whisky
6205:Shōchū
6195:Baijiu
6170:Baijiu
6160:Starka
6130:Shochu
6120:Lihing
6110:Cholai
6076:Maize
5974:Brandy
5939:Grappa
5934:Chacha
5929:Pomace
5887:Cognac
5882:Brandy
5868:Grape
5862:Boukha
5848:Dates
5813:Apple
5770:Ibwatu
5760:Chicha
5706:Sugar
5681:Honey
5651:Dairy
5610:Pulque
5557:Pendhā
5477:Hariya
5467:Dansul
5447:Beopju
5422:Tongba
5351:Nabidh
5226:Sherry
5187:Grape
5142:Apple
4804:Glayva
4644:Bochet
4634:Balché
4573:
4559:
4543:
4529:
4502:
4483:
4457:
4335:
4310:
4119:"Mead"
4003:
3746:Forbes
3695:
3637:31 May
3611:29 May
3503:
3420:
3410:
3285:
3230:
3222:
3181:"Mead"
3145:
3117:
2939:
2906:
2896:
2861:
2818:3 July
2784:
2720:
2713:539767
2710:
2645:
2613:
2572:
2562:
2511:
2428:
2418:
2376:
2351:
2341:
2276:
2248:
2149:
2124:
2099:
2048:
1951:Kikuyu
1938:Slovak
1890:per se
1859:sherry
1791:piment
1738:Oxymel
1714:spices
1710:fruits
1659:Mulsum
1622:meddyg
1598:. The
1584:nutmeg
1582:peel,
1580:orange
1572:ginger
1558:Slavic
1536:Slovak
1505:Slovak
1464:, and
1446:, the
1424:French
1396:German
1334:apples
1277:Bochet
1258:Balché
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1129:"Mead"
1127:
933:brandy
922:yeasts
912:Mulled
906:pyment
820:), or
818:nutmeg
810:cloves
806:spices
797:or an
762:strain
656:, and
627:, and
602:grapes
558:Mead (
462:ounces
390:. The
315:Kvasir
300:pomace
292:grapes
234:spices
218:grains
214:spices
210:fruits
193:, and
159:balché
133:bochet
102:Flavor
89:7°–41°
75:
7805:Aging
7355:Syrah
7310:Gamay
7280:Bobal
7192:Glera
7157:Airén
7149:White
7105:Table
7093:Straw
7083:Fruit
7041:White
6984:China
6863:Wines
6562:Lakka
6491:Beer
6368:Vodka
6318:Sulai
6303:Guaro
6273:Arkhi
6263:Sotol
6228:Agave
6221:Other
6140:Sulai
6096:Rice
6056:Beer
6014:Rakia
5984:Geist
5949:Orujo
5922:Țuică
5913:Plum
5892:Pisco
5852:Araqi
5807:Fruit
5755:Cauim
5730:Palek
5725:Intus
5710:Kilju
5690:Byais
5675:Byais
5655:Kumis
5640:Tuhak
5598:Other
5547:Kvass
5537:Tapuy
5532:Tapai
5527:Sonti
5492:Mirin
5487:Mijiu
5462:Chuak
5432:Agkud
5428:Rice
5397:Pozol
5392:Mageu
5388:Corn
5356:Pruno
5341:Jabol
5306:Rimon
5292:Plum
5276:Perry
5272:Pear
5146:Cider
5136:Fruit
5060:Yeast
4774:Boilo
4684:Midus
4612:Honey
4243:(PDF)
4230:(PDF)
4204:(PDF)
4179:(PDF)
4024:Malay
4001:JSTOR
3936:–248.
3256:(PDF)
3249:(PDF)
3228:JSTOR
1995:Sahti
1985:Kilju
1963:Kenya
1959:Kamba
1914:gesho
1900:vappu
1765:Mayan
1672:tree(
1638:Midus
1600:Welsh
1512:Czech
1409:Greek
1360:Nepal
1339:cider
1296:Byais
1161:JSTOR
1147:books
1043:Kenya
1020:gesho
1011:(ጠጅ,
996:lemon
979:Vappu
953:cider
822:herbs
783:yeast
779:gruit
750:aging
686:word
668:madhu
640:mjǫðr
633:médʰu
621:meodu
474:Thule
458:pound
400:honey
220:, or
206:honey
147:midus
114:honey
94:Color
7969:Mead
7953:Beer
7941:Wine
7407:and
7136:Top
7051:Rosé
6907:Wine
6865:and
6846:List
6608:Egg
6480:Rakı
6475:Ouzo
6449:Arak
6323:Sura
6150:Korn
6146:Rye
6135:Soju
6004:Oghi
5944:Marc
5872:Arak
5858:Fig
5832:Feni
5736:Tea
5720:Basi
5700:Mead
5685:Bais
5635:Tubâ
5630:Tuak
5582:Boza
5577:Beer
5543:Rye
5517:Sato
5512:Sake
5452:Brem
5055:Wort
4890:Mead
4704:Sima
4624:Mead
4571:ISBN
4557:ISBN
4541:ISBN
4527:ISBN
4500:ISBN
4481:ISBN
4455:ISBN
4434:–26.
4413:–83.
4352:Sack
4333:ISBN
4308:ISBN
4284:2016
4251:2016
4212:2016
4161:2022
4135:2015
4105:2018
4080:2018
4054:2023
3978:2024
3910:2023
3861:2024
3836:2022
3811:2022
3727:2013
3693:ISBN
3639:2017
3613:2024
3587:2022
3557:2022
3501:ISBN
3476:2013
3450:2017
3418:PMID
3283:ISBN
3264:2015
3220:ISSN
3189:2018
3143:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3076:2020
2937:ISBN
2904:OCLC
2894:ISBN
2859:ISSN
2820:2023
2782:ISBN
2718:PMID
2643:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2570:PMID
2509:ISBN
2455:2022
2426:OCLC
2416:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2349:OCLC
2339:ISBN
2274:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2227:2024
2199:2024
2147:ISBN
2122:OCLC
2097:ISBN
2066:beer
2046:ISBN
2000:Sima
1957:and
1955:Embu
1896:Sima
1882:BJCP
1863:sake
1845:sack
1742:wine
1728:q.v.
1630:llyn
1606:medd
1546:and
1534:and
1503:and
1453:and
1440:and
1433:and
1418:and
1242:and
1236:Bais
1133:news
1057:and
1036:berz
1023:, a
972:sima
924:and
830:hops
746:must
737:and
731:lees
726:rack
692:mead
672:Medb
661:metu
654:mede
647:medъ
625:medu
614:mead
514:bard
392:Abri
362:soma
329:and
222:hops
167:Mead
155:bais
61:Type
40:Mead
7813:Oak
7262:Red
7073:Ice
7036:Red
6702:Gin
6308:Rum
6185:Ara
5907:Gin
5572:Ara
5567:Ale
5442:Apo
4714:Tej
4191:doi
3934:247
3685:doi
3497:292
3408:PMC
3398:doi
3360:hdl
3352:doi
3348:121
3212:doi
3208:167
3053:XIX
2851:doi
2809:doi
2774:doi
2708:PMC
2698:doi
2686:101
2560:PMC
2550:doi
2486:doi
2191:NPR
2080:III
1929:TSG
1909:Tej
1780:TSG
1706:ABV
1576:tea
1379:TSG
1351:TSG
1116:by
1041:In
1008:tej
1001:An
963:In
935:or
892:or
836:or
816:or
717:or
631:, *
623:or
563:mid
406:of
386:or
226:ABV
143:tej
7965::
4521:.
4432:25
4383:.
4286:.
4270:.
4253:.
4232:.
4199:.
4187:40
4185:.
4181:.
4151:.
4121:.
4096:.
4070:.
4044:.
4028:25
4026:.
4022:.
3997:18
3995:.
3969:.
3951:.
3900:.
3882:.
3878:.
3852:.
3827:.
3785:.
3766:.
3744:.
3716:.
3691:.
3679:.
3662:54
3660:.
3656:.
3629:.
3604:.
3573:.
3548:.
3528:^
3499:.
3439:.
3416:.
3406:.
3394:19
3392:.
3388:.
3374:^
3358:.
3346:.
3334:^
3297:^
3226:.
3218:.
3206:.
3172:^
3129:^
3092:.
3066:.
2959:.
2935:.
2933:35
2927:.
2902:.
2857:.
2847:15
2845:.
2807:.
2803:.
2780:,
2751:.
2738:.
2716:.
2706:.
2696:.
2684:.
2680:.
2625:^
2590:.
2568:.
2558:.
2548:.
2538:10
2536:.
2532:.
2484:.
2472:.
2446:.
2424:.
2382:.
2347:.
2260:^
2215:.
2188:.
2155:.
2078:.
2022:.
1953:,
1760:).
1640::
1586:,
1578:,
1574:,
1564:).
1530:,
1526:,
1522:,
1518:,
1514:,
1499:,
1457:,
1196:A
998:.
955:.
908:.
888:,
881:.
828:,
812:,
801:.
758:pH
694:.
680:mì
663:,
649:,
642:,
589:.
555:.
216:,
212:,
179:iː
157:,
153:,
149:,
145:,
131:,
127:,
7929::
7662:e
7655:t
7648:v
7405:,
6899:e
6892:t
6885:v
6176:)
6172:(
4935:e
4928:t
4921:v
4604:e
4597:t
4590:v
4577:.
4565:.
4547:.
4535:.
4508:.
4489:.
4463:.
4411:2
4341:.
4316:.
4214:.
4193::
4163:.
4137:.
4107:.
4082:.
4056:.
4007:.
3980:.
3955:.
3912:.
3884:7
3863:.
3838:.
3813:.
3791:.
3729:.
3701:.
3687::
3641:.
3615:.
3589:.
3559:.
3509:.
3478:.
3452:.
3424:.
3400::
3368:.
3362::
3354::
3291:.
3266:.
3234:.
3214::
3191:.
3151:.
3078:.
2945:.
2910:.
2865:.
2853::
2822:.
2811::
2776::
2757:.
2744:.
2724:.
2700::
2692::
2665:.
2651:.
2619:.
2594:.
2576:.
2552::
2544::
2517:.
2492:.
2488::
2480::
2474:3
2457:.
2432:.
2399:.
2355:.
2282:.
2254:.
2229:.
2201:.
2128:.
2105:.
2054:.
2026:.
1969:.
1931:)
1927:(
1917:.
1902:.
1816:.
1782:)
1778:(
1716:.
1693:.
1655:.
1398:"
1381:)
1377:(
1370:.
1353:)
1349:(
1342:.
1323:.
1270:.
1183:)
1177:(
1172:)
1168:(
1158:·
1151:·
1144:·
1137:·
1110:.
877:/
874:n
871:ɪ
868:l
865:ɡ
862:ɛ
859:θ
856:ˈ
853:ɪ
850:m
847:/
278:/
275:n
272:ɪ
269:l
266:ɡ
263:ɛ
260:θ
257:ˈ
254:ɪ
251:m
248:/
244:(
185:/
182:d
176:m
173:/
169:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
