575:
Catequil's main sanctuary, are situated at the hillfoot of the Cerro Icchal mountain, although it has been largely destroyed by
Atawallpa and colonial priests, its magnificence and importance was recorded by colonial chroniclers, Catequil was a famous god venerated through the northern Peruvian highlands and beyond since pre-Inca times, pilgrims seeking to find answers were one of the main sources of income to the Huamachucos, the shrine prosperity is perhaps one of the reasons why the area surrounding Huamachuco does not seem to have been seriously affected, as large parts of the Peruvian highlands were, by the demographic collapse following the end of the
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Huamachuco's deep valley slopes show evidence of deliberate farming of native Andean trees and shrub vegetation. It appears that in prehistoric times, the temperature of the land was slightly warmer than today, allowing agriculture at elevations 100–300 m. higher than is possible in the 20th and 21st
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The area surrounding the town exhibits early occupations of ancient Andean civilizations. Before the advent of the Incas the area was united under a single political entity referred to as the "Señorio de
Huamachuco" (Huamachuco lordship) by colonial chroniclers, a Kulyi-speaking polity that had as
611:
The Tuscan phase, the penultimate phase, corresponds to the historical autonomous domain of
Huamachuco. And the Santa Barbara phase corresponds to the Inca domination of Huamachuco. The Huamachuco domain or kingdom probably established its capital at Marcahuamachuco, the ruins of Marcahuamachuco
574:
of the
Huamachucos, later incorporated into the official Inca pantheon, whose shrine was located in the center of Huamachucos' territory, archaeologists have identified the mountain of Cerro Icchal with Catequil (both as the seat of the wak'a and as the wak'a himself), the ruins of Namanchugo,
621:) of the same name. The Inca town of Huamachuco doesn't seem to have been built upon any previous settlement, the pre-Inca hill fort of Cerro Tuscán, overlooking the town, seems to have been enhanced to protect the Inca settlement. With the Incas came enclaves of settlers called
685:. Most scholars believe the name to be of a mixed origin between both languages, it would mean "land of falcons" or "country of falcons". The name Huamachuco can be divided into two words, "huama" and "chuco", it has been postulated that
612:
shows evident occupation since the Early-Huamachuco phase up to the Tuscan phase. Following the Inca conquest, the
Marcahuamachuco population was likely resettled where the modern town of Huamachuco stands today.
637:
storehouses on the hillslopes surrounding the town, roughly half of these have floors elevated on stone pillars, the other storerooms have canals running under the floors, these were probably for tubers.
705:
can be translated as helmet or headwear in
Quechua, which would give the city the meaning of "falcon hat", however, modern linguists deny that such is the right meaning of the city's name.
629:
was built in the area, both things supported by archaeological research. The Inca administrative center of
Huamachuco was a stopover on the main Inca highway of Cusco to Quito, the "
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It has highland areas that range from 2500 to 4500 m. above sea level. Because of the heights, most of
Huamachuco's land is treeless. The high-altitude grassland is known as
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1663:
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is of likely Kulyi origin, meaning earth, land, region, or country, being a commonly used term throughout the toponymy of the region, alternatively written as
615:
The town of
Huamachuco was originally built by the Inca as their main installation in the zone, Huamachuco became the capital seat of an Inca province (
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553:. It is a complex of monuments, a prehistoric political and religious center of a culture that thrived 350 CE-1100 CE. The ruins of a
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Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015
561:, are located 3.5 km north of Huamachuco. Additionally there are many other pre-Columbian ruins around the town.
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Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015
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which means falcon, as it has no known meaning in Kulyi, a poorly attested extinct language, while
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Provincial Inca: Archaeological and
Ethnohistorical Assessment of the Impact of the Inca State
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About 30 miles away, within the Huamachuco district, is the significant archeological site of
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Indigenous settlement patterns within the Huamachuco area can be divided into 8 phases:
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1557:"Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria"
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579:(Wari state's demise), rather population growth appears to be continuous in the area.
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Climate data for Huamachuco, elevation 3,186 m (10,453 ft), (1991–2020)
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their main deity the thunder god of Catequil, an oracle and the principal
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661:(10 July 1883), the final episode of the Pacific War where troops led by
742:. They also supported the domesticated camelids: alpacas and llamas.
1127:(Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012
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1577:. National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from
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649:, it was named as a very illustrious and faithful city by General
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Haas, Jonathan; Pozorski, Shelia; Pozorski, Thomas (1987-08-06).
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Andean Expressions: Art and Archaeology of the Recuay Culture
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It is not clear whether the name of the city comes from the
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Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru
526:, earth or land, "land of falcons") is a town in northern
641:
The Spanish foundation of Huamachuco was made in 1553 by
774:) with consistently cool temperatures. Huamachuco has a
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Huamachuco is located between the eastern and western
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missionaries on top of Inca's Huamachuco. During the
1387:
Andean Civilization: A Tribute to Michael E. Moseley
1384:
Marcus, Joyce; Williams, Patrick Ryan (2009-12-31).
1351:
Andean Civilization: A Tribute to Michael E. Moseley
1348:
Marcus, Joyce; Williams, Patrick Ryan (2009-12-31).
1324:
Andean Civilization: A Tribute to Michael E. Moseley
1321:
Marcus, Joyce; Williams, Patrick Ryan (2009-12-31).
1297:
Andean Civilization: A Tribute to Michael E. Moseley
1294:
Marcus, Joyce; Williams, Patrick Ryan (2009-12-31).
1575:"Normales Climáticas Estándares y Medias 1991-2020"
1258:(in Spanish). Industria Gráfica Libertad SAC. 2006.
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87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1145:Mora, César Gálvez; Rochietti, Ana (2018-03-20).
738:grasslands were ideal habitats for deer and wild
1488:Historia general del Perú: Las culturas preíncas
1471:Historia general del Perú: Las culturas preíncas
633:" or "Royal Road". The Incas built at least 215
1444:The Origins and Development of the Andean State
1255:Cultura andina y sentido común: norte del Perú
1148:Patrimonio cultural del Perú: Humanidad andina
665:were defeated by Chilean troops under Colonel
8:
1199:Mujica, Sonia Alconini; Covey, Alan (2018).
1172:Mujica, Sonia Alconini; Covey, Alan (2018).
1535:. Cambridge University Press. p. 401.
1491:(in Spanish). Editorial Brasa. p. 540.
1485:Duthurburu, José Antonio del Busto (1994).
1474:(in Spanish). Editorial Brasa. p. 526.
1468:Duthurburu, José Antonio del Busto (1994).
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1447:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
781:
241:
1417:. University of Iowa Press. p. 240.
1232:. University of California. p. 110.
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
209:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
1508:. University of Iowa Press. p. 32.
1205:. Oxford University Press. p. 527.
1178:. Oxford University Press. p. 526.
482:Panoramic view of the city of Haumachuco
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1659:Populated places in La Libertad Region
601:Late-Huamachuco phase (AD 800? - 1000)
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607:Santa Bárbara phase (AD 1470 - 1532).
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1664:Populated places established in 1553
1529:Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2004-06-10).
85:adding citations to reliable sources
1151:(in Spanish). Eduvim. p. 176.
540:Territorial Prelature of Huamachuco
1226:Greenblatt, Stephen (1993-03-12).
657:, Huamachuco was the scene of the
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14:
592:Purpucala phase (200 BC - AD 300)
31:This article has multiple issues.
1202:The Oxford Handbook of the Incas
1175:The Oxford Handbook of the Incas
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189:has been specified. Please help
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589:Sausagocha phase (900 - 200 BC)
519:, falcon or variable hawk, and
424:Benito Robert Contreras Morales
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
538:. The city is the seat of the
1:
1502:Lau, George F. (2011-04-16).
1327:. ISD LLC. pp. 211–240.
1067:Branch of Banco de la Nacion.
749:Municipal Theatre, Huamachuco
604:Tuscan phase (AD 1000 - 1470)
432:3,169 m (10,397 ft)
1654:Cities in La Libertad Region
1411:Malpass, Michael A. (1993).
764:subtropical highland climate
689:comes from the Quechua word
647:Peruvian War of Independence
530:and capital of the province
904:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
834:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
721:, and 100 km south of
625:and an extensive system of
598:Amaru phase (AD 600 - 800?)
442: • Estimate
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1607:Official municipal website
1532:The Languages of the Andes
1271:"Upcoming Scholarly Event"
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239:Town in La Libertad, Peru
1390:. ISD LLC. p. 232.
1354:. ISD LLC. p. 231.
1300:. ISD LLC. p. 235.
1064:Branch of Nuestra Gente.
1061:Branch of Caja Trujillo.
1561:Nature: Scientific Data
546:lies to the northeast.
1630:7.812028°S 78.048694°W
1081:Feast of Saint Francis
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663:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
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346:7.812028°S 78.048694°W
1635:-7.812028; -78.048694
1070:Branch of Caja Piura.
778:from June to August.
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351:-7.812028; -78.048694
1229:New World Encounters
1096:Racing de Huamachuco
667:Alejandro Gorostiaga
659:Battle of Huamachuco
191:improve this article
179:to meet Knowledge's
81:improve this article
1626: /
490:View of the nearby
342: /
1563:. 23 October 2023.
1091:La Libertad Region
751:
655:War of the Pacific
651:Jose de San Martin
577:Middle Horizon era
536:La Libertad Region
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421: • Mayor
1581:on 21 August 2023
1542:978-1-139-45112-3
1515:978-1-58729-974-2
1454:978-0-521-33102-9
1424:978-0-87745-426-7
1397:978-1-938770-36-4
1361:978-1-938770-36-4
1334:978-1-938770-36-4
1307:978-1-938770-36-4
1239:978-0-520-08021-8
1212:978-0-19-021935-2
1185:978-0-19-021935-2
1158:978-987-699-220-6
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92:Find sources:
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70:This article
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1604:(in Spanish)
1583:. Retrieved
1579:the original
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494:and farmland
337:78°02′55.3″W
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96:"Huamachuco"
91:
79:Please help
74:verification
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
1633: /
1621:78°2′55.3″W
1618:7°48′43.3″S
754:centuries.
683:Inca Empire
643:Augustinian
504:Plaza Mayor
502:The square
386:La Libertad
349: /
334:7°48′43.3″S
193:if you can.
1648:Categories
1280:2020-03-30
1131:2015-06-03
1107:References
776:dry season
715:cordillera
631:Qhapaq Ñan
623:mitmaqkuna
510:Huamachuco
437:Population
416:Government
410:Huamachuco
315:Huamachuco
246:Huamachuco
199:March 2012
137:March 2012
107:newspapers
36:improve it
723:Cajamarca
709:Geography
673:Etymology
451:Time zone
429:Elevation
42:talk page
1075:See also
1043:(39.31)
974:Average
740:camelids
405:District
393:Province
174:require
1585:17 June
1269:noahm.
1038:(5.34)
1033:(3.80)
1028:(4.05)
1023:(1.53)
1018:(0.45)
1013:(0.39)
1008:(0.65)
1003:(1.98)
998:(3.82)
993:(6.94)
988:(5.71)
983:(4.65)
969:(44.4)
964:(45.1)
959:(43.7)
954:(44.8)
949:(44.2)
944:(42.3)
939:(41.7)
934:(42.4)
929:(44.2)
924:(45.7)
919:(46.4)
914:(46.4)
909:(45.7)
899:(65.5)
894:(65.1)
889:(66.2)
884:(66.4)
879:(67.1)
874:(66.6)
869:(65.7)
864:(65.5)
859:(65.7)
854:(64.9)
849:(63.7)
844:(64.4)
839:(64.9)
758:Climate
717:of the
565:History
514:Quechua
463:Website
362:Country
176:cleanup
121:scholar
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790:Month
768:Köppen
627:tambos
618:wamani
557:city,
445:39,806
381:Region
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1056:Banks
1041:998.8
1036:135.6
1026:102.9
991:176.4
986:145.0
981:118.2
829:Year
703:chuco
699:chugo
695:chuco
691:waman
687:huama
635:colca
572:wak'a
524:chuco
521:Kulyi
517:waman
492:Andes
458:(PET)
456:UTC-5
128:JSTOR
114:books
1587:2024
1537:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1392:ISBN
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1180:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1031:96.4
1021:38.8
1016:11.5
1011:10.0
1006:16.6
1001:50.3
996:97.1
897:18.6
892:18.4
887:19.0
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877:19.5
872:19.2
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862:18.6
857:18.7
852:18.3
847:17.6
842:18.0
837:18.3
826:Dec
823:Nov
820:Oct
817:Sep
814:Aug
811:Jul
808:Jun
805:May
802:Apr
799:Mar
796:Feb
793:Jan
736:puna
731:puna
555:Wari
528:Peru
374:Peru
287:Seal
277:Flag
253:Town
100:news
967:6.9
962:7.3
957:6.5
952:7.1
947:6.8
942:5.7
937:5.4
932:5.8
927:6.8
922:7.6
917:8.0
912:8.0
907:7.6
772:Cwb
534:in
185:No
83:by
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