1538:, balanced nutrition, and "regulative therapy to seek inner balance". Kneipp had a very simple view of an already simple practice. For him, hydropathy's primary goals were strengthening the constitution and removing poisons and toxins in the body. These basic interpretations of how hydropathy worked hinted at his complete lack of medical training. Kneipp did have, however, a very successful medical practice in spite of, perhaps even because of, his lack of medical training. As mentioned above, some patients were beginning to feel uncomfortable with traditional doctors because of the elitism of the medical profession. The new terms and techniques that doctors were using were difficult for the average person to understand. Having no formal training, all of his instructions and published works are described in easy to understand language and would have seemed very appealing to a patient who was displeased with the direction traditional medicine was taking.
1522:
length at
Priessnitz's clinic varied. Much of his theory was about inducing the above-mentioned crisis, which could happen quickly, or could occur after three to four years. In accordance with the simplistic nature of hydropathy, a large part of the treatment was based on living a simple lifestyle. These lifestyle adjustments included dietary changes such as eating only very coarse food, such as jerky and bread, and of course drinking large quantities of water. Priessnitz's treatments also included a great deal of less strenuous exercise, mostly including walking. Ultimately, Priessnitz's clinic was extremely successful, and he gained fame across the western world. His practice even influenced the hydropathy that took root overseas in America.
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1841:
and hydropathic establishments, but including other areas. While many bathing establishments were open all year round, doctors advised patients not to go before May, "nor to remain after
October. English visitors rather prefer cold weather, and they often arrive for the baths in May, and return again in September. Americans come during the whole season, but prefer summer. The most fashionable and crowded time is during July and August". In Europe, interest in various forms of hydrotherapy and spa tourism continued unabated through the 19th century and into the 20th century, where "in France, Italy and Germany, several million people spend time each year at a spa." In 1891, when
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these spaces with pure water, would flush the impurities out, which would rise to the surface of the skin, producing pus. The event of this pus emerging was called a crisis, and was achieved through a multitude of methods. These methods included techniques such as sweating, the plunging bath, the half bath, the head bath, the sitting bath, and the douche bath. All of these were ways to gently expose the patient to cold water in different ways.
1518:
when the cart ran him over, breaking three of his ribs. A physician told him that they would never heal. Priessnitz decided to try his own hand at healing himself, and wrapped his wounds with damp bandages. By daily changing his bandages and drinking large quantities of water, after about a year, his broken ribs had been cured. Priessnitz quickly gained fame in his hometown and became the consulted physician.
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1283:, and as a cleansing agent. However, it is also used as a medium for delivery of heat and cold to the body, which has long been the basis for its application. Hydrotherapy involves a range of methods and techniques, many of which use water as a medium to facilitate thermoregulatory reactions for therapeutic benefit.
2063:, already in use in the therapeutic sense, to denote the polar opposite of therapy, namely torture, has the hallmark of arising in the sense of irony. This would be in keeping with some of the reactions to water cure therapy and its promotion, which included not only criticism, but also parody and satire.
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in Europe, the application of water in the treatment of fevers and other maladies had, since the seventeenth century, been consistently promoted by a number of medical writers. In the eighteenth century, taking to the waters became a fashionable pastime for the wealthy classes who decamped to resorts
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Sebastian Kneipp was born in
Germany and he considered his own role in hydropathy to be that of continuing Priessnitz's work. Kneipp's own practice of hydropathy was even gentler than the norm. He believed that typical hydropathic practices deployed were "too violent or too frequent" and he expressed
1517:
Vincenz
Priessnitz was the son of a peasant farmer who, as a young child, observed a wounded deer bathing a wound in a pond near his home. Over the course of several days, he would see this deer return and eventually the wound was healed. Later as a teenager, Priessnitz was attending to a horse cart,
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Increasing popularity soon diminished caution whether the new method would help minor ailments and be of benefit to the more seriously injured. Hydropathists occupied themselves mainly with studying chronic invalids well able to bear a rigorous regimen and the severities of unrestricted crisis. The
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At Gräfenberg, to which the fame of
Priessnitz drew people of every rank and many countries, medical men were conspicuous by their numbers, some being attracted by curiosity, others by the desire of knowledge, but the majority by the hope of cure for ailments which had as yet proved incurable. Many
1840:
The growth of hydrotherapy, and various forms of hydropathic establishments, resulted in a form of tourism, both in the UK, and in Europe. At least one book listed
English, Scottish, Irish and European establishments suitable for each specific malady, while another focused primarily on German spas
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noted that hydropathy was a specific instance, or "particular case", of general principles of thermodynamics. That is, "the application of heat and cold in general", as it applies to physiology, mediated by hydropathy. In 1883, another writer stated "Not, be it observed, that hydropathy is a water
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Hydrotherapy, especially as promoted during the height of its
Victorian revival, has often been associated with the use of cold water, as evidenced by many titles from that era. However, not all therapists limited their practice of hydrotherapy to cold water, even during the height of this popular
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The general idea behind hydropathy during the 1800s was to be able to induce something called a crisis. The thinking was that water invaded any cracks, wounds, or imperfections in the skin, which were filled with impure fluids. Health was considered to be the natural state of the body, and filling
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From the 1840s, hydropathics were established across
Britain. Initially, many of these were small institutions, catering to at most dozens of patients. By the later nineteenth century the typical hydropathic establishment had evolved into a more substantial undertaking, with thousands of patients
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was responsible for introducing and promoting hydropathy in
Britain, first in London in 1842, then with lecture tours in Ireland and Scotland in 1843. His 10-week tour in Ireland included Limerick, Cork, Wexford, Dublin and Belfast, over June, July and August 1843, with two subsequent lectures in
1831:
Alternating the temperatures, either in a shower or complementary tanks, combines the use of hot and cold in the same session. Proponents claim improvement in circulatory system and lymphatic drainage. Experimental evidence suggests that contrast hydrotherapy helps to reduce injury in the acute
1521:
Later in life, Priessnitz became the head of a hydropathy clinic in Gräfenberg in 1826. He was extremely successful and by 1840, he had 1600 patients in his clinic including many fellow physicians, as well as important political figures such as nobles and prominent military officials. Treatment
1466:, who, struck by the remedial use of certain springs by the neighbouring peasantry, investigated the history of cold bathing and published a book on the subject in 1702. The book ran through six editions within a few years and the translation of this book into German was largely drawn upon by
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water flow are not used to manage wounds, as a whirlpool will not selectively target the tissue to be removed, and can damage all tissue. Whirlpools also create an unwanted risk of bacterial infection, can damage fragile body tissue, and in the case of treating arms and legs, bring risk of
1490:(1807). It was highly popular and first placed the subject on a scientific basis. Hahn's writings had meanwhile created much enthusiasm among his countrymen, societies having been formed everywhere to promote the medicinal and dietetic use of water; and in 1804 Professor E.F.C. Oertel of
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Hydrotherapy became more prominent following the growth and development of modern medical practices in the 18th and 19th century. As traditional medical practice became increasingly professional in terms of how doctors operated, it was felt that medical treatment became increasingly less
1827:
involves cold water immersion or ice baths, used by physical therapists, sports medicine facilities and rehab clinics. Proponents assert that it results in improved return of blood flow and byproducts of cellular breakdown to the lymphatic system and more efficient recycling.
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A significant factor in the popular revival of hydrotherapy was that it could be practised relatively cheaply at home. The growth of hydrotherapy (or 'hydropathy' to use the name of the time), was thus partly derived from two interacting spheres: "the hydro and the home".
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The
Dangers of the Water Cure, and its Efficacy Examined and Compared with Those of the Drug Treatment of Diseases; And an Explanation of its Principles and Practice; With an Account of Cases Treated at Malvern, and a Prospectus of the Water Cure Establishment at That
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At its height, there were over 200 water-cure establishments in the United States, most located in the northeast. Few of these lasted into the postbellum years, although some survived into the 20th century including institutions in Scott (Cortland County), Elmira,
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in 1842. In 1843, Wilson and Gully published a comparison of the efficacy of the water-cure with drug treatments, including accounts of some cases treated at Malvern, combined with a prospectus of their Water Cure Establishment. Then in 1846 Gully published
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as a torture is indirectly dated to around 1898, by U.S. soldiers in the Spanish–American War, after the term had been introduced to America in the mid-19th century in the therapeutic sense, which was in widespread use. Indeed, while the torture sense of
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and treatment. The term encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advantage of the physical properties of water, such as temperature and pressure, to stimulate blood circulation, and treat the symptoms of certain diseases.
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concern that such techniques would cause emotional or physical trauma to the patient. Kneipp's practice was more all encompassing than Priessnitz's, and his practice involved not only curing the patients' physical woes, but emotional and mental as well.
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Psychrolousia. Or, the History of Cold Bathing: Both Ancient and Modern. In Two Parts. The First, written by Sir John Floyer, of Litchfield. The Second, treating the genuine life of Hot and Cold Baths..(exceedingly long subtitles) by Dr. Edward
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personalized, the development of hydrotherapy was believed to be a more personal form of medical treatment that did not necessarily present to patients the alienating scientific language that modern developments of medical treatment entailed.
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around Britain and Europe to cure the ills of over-consumption. In the main, treatment in the heyday of the British spa consisted of sense and sociability: promenading, bathing, and the repetitive quaffing of foul-tasting mineral waters.
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The Water-Cure in Chronic Disease; An Exposition of the causes, progress, and termination of various chronic diseases of the digestive organs, lungs, nerves, limbs, and skin; and of their treatment by water, and other hygienic
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The Water-Cure in Chronic Disease; An Exposition of the Causes, Progress, and Termination of Various Chronic Diseases of the Digestive Organs, Lungs, Nerves, Limbs, and Skin; And of Their Treatment by Water, and Other Hygienic
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The Water-Cure. Stomach Complaints and Drug Diseases, their Causes, Con- sequences and Cure by Water, Air, Exercise and Diet...To which is Appended two Letters to Dr. Hastings, of Worcester, on the Results of the Water-Cure at
1665:, who, impressed in his own person with the severities as well as the benefits of the cold water cure, practised among his workpeople a milder form of hydropathy, and began about 1852 a new era in its history, founding at
1649:, England, hydropathic establishments multiplied with great rapidity. Antagonism ran high between the old practice and the new. Unsparing condemnation was heaped by each on the other; and a legal prosecution, leading to a
1641:
treated annually for weeks at a time in a large purpose-built building with lavish facilities – baths, recreation rooms and the like – under the supervision of fully trained and qualified medical practitioners and staff.
4159:(Article describing the U.S. military expropriation of 'water cure' to denote a form of torture, with acknowledgement by one accused (p.3) of the difference in popular understanding, from the sense used by the military)
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Shower-based hydrotherapy techniques have been increasingly used in preference to full-immersion methods, partly for the ease of cleaning the equipment and reducing infections due to contamination. When removal of
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Including an Inquiry into the Circumstances that render Cold Drink, or the Cold Bath, Dangerous in Health, to which are added; Observations on the Nature of Fever; and on the effects of Opium, Alcohol, and
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on the use of hot and cold water in the treatment of fever and other illness, with a fourth edition published in 1805, not long before his death. It was also translated into German by Michaelis (1801) and
1727:. The Turkish bath became a public institution, and, with the morning tub and the general practice of water drinking, is the most noteworthy of the many contributions by hydropathy to public health.
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Landewé, Rb; Peeters, R; et al. (January 1992). "No difference in effectiveness measured between treatment in a thermal bath and in an exercise bath in patients with rheumatoid arthritis".
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Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org). Easier to search, but missing p.vi of the preface, which names the Florence Water-Cure establishment. That page is present in the Gutenberg version.
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Hydriatic Treatment of Scarlet Fever in its different forms: How to save, through a systematic application of the water-cure, many thousands of lives and healths, which now annually perish
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Hydriatic Treatment of Scarlet Fever in its different forms: How to save, through a systematic application of the water-cure, many thousands of lives and healths, which now annually perish
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Hydriatic Treatment of Scarlet Fever in its different forms: How to save, through a systematic application of the water-cure, many thousands of lives and healths, which now annually perish
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Whirling water movement, provided by mechanical pumps, has been used in water tanks since at least the 1940s. Similar technologies have been marketed for recreational use under the terms "
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Claridge, Capt. R. T. (1843, 8th ed.), pp.14 49, 54, 57, 68, 322, 335. Note: Pagination in online field does not match book pagination. Type "Oertel" into search field to find citations.
1754:, which had "attained an extent of circulation equalled by few monthlies in the world". By 1855, there were attempts by some to weigh the evidence of treatments in vogue at that time.
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records of experiences at Gräfenberg were published, all more or less favorable to the claims of Priessnitz, and some enthusiastic in their estimate of his genius and penetration.
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Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org). Note: The "Advertisement", pp.v-xi, appears from the 5th ed onwards, so references to time pertain to time as at 5th edition.
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The fame of the water-cure establishment grew, and Gully and Wilson became well-known national figures. Two more clinics were opened at Malvern. Famous patients included
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soothed his rheumatism, he described the experience as "so enjoyable that if I hadn't had a disease I would have borrowed one just to have a pretext for going on".
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GrĂĽber, C; Riesberg, A; et al. (March 2003). "The effect of hydrotherapy on the incidence of common cold episodes in children: A randomised clinical trial".
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2554:"Medical Reports, on the Effects of Water, Cold and Warm, as a remedy in Fever and Other Diseases, Whether applied to the Surface of the Body, or used Internally"
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Two English works on the medical uses of water were published in the 18th century that inaugurated the new fashion for hydrotherapy. One of these was by Sir
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Davison, Peter G; Loiselle, Frederick B; Nickerson, Duncan (May–June 2010). "Survey on current hydrotherapy use among North American Burn Centers".
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By 1850, it was said that "there are probably more than one hundred" facilities, along with numerous books and periodicals, including the New York
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Lectures on the German Mineral Waters, and on their rational employment. With appendix on principal European spas and climatic health-resorts
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Locher, Pforr, Cornelia, Christof (2014). "The Legacy of Sebastian Kneipp: Linking Wellness, Naturopathic, and Allopathic Medicine".
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Some other Englishmen preceded Claridge to Graefenberg, although not many. One of these was James Wilson, who himself, along with
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While the second sense, of water as a form of torture is documented back to at least the 15th century, the first use of the term
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republished them and quickened the popular movement by unqualified commendation of water drinking as a remedy for all diseases.
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3672:. Vol. 78, American Edition. Philadelphia: The Leonard Scott Publishing Co. pp. 1–16 (n301-n316 in online page field)
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Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org). Alternative version which has p. vi present, but no other part of the preface.
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Metcalfe, Richard (1898), pp. 8, 77, 121, 128, 191, 206, 208, 210. Note: Type "Oertel" into search field to find citations.
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was by 1900–1902 established in the American army, with a conscious sense of irony, this sense was not in widespread use.
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Several hydropathic institutions wholly transferred their operations away from therapeutic purposes to become tourist
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in the 1840s. Charles Munde also established early hydrotherapy facilities in the 1850s. Trall also co-edited the
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prescribed bathing in spring water for sickness. Other cultures noted for a long history of hydrotherapy include
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Hydrotherapy which involves submerging all or part of the body in water can involve several types of equipment:
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A hydropathic establishment is a place where people receive hydropathic treatment. They are commonly built in
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2785:. The Substance of Two Lectures, delivered by Captain Claridge, F.S.A., at the Queens Concert Rooms, Glasgow
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3089:. Vol. 58 (Ubaldini – Wakefield). London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 43–45 (n42–44 in page field)
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and Dansville. While none were located in Jefferson County, the Oswego Water Cure operated in the city of
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in the 19th and 20th centuries and before World War II, various forms of hydrotherapy were used to treat
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Hydropathy; or The Cold Water Cure, as practiced by Vincent Priessnitz, at Graefenberg, Silesia, Austria
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Cochrane, Darryl J. (2004). "Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: a review".
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The Eastern or Turkish Bath; Its History, Rebirth in Britain, and Application to the Purposes of Health
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This was not the first time such forms of spa tourism had been popular in Europe and the U.K. Indeed,
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The Medical Mandarins: The French Academy of Medicine in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
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treatment after all, but that water is the medium for the application of heat and cold to the body".
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in the late 20th century while retaining the name 'Hydro'. There are several prominent examples in
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2691:"Hydropathy at Home: : The Water Cure and Domestic Healing in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Britain"
1445:, discovered "...the merit of settling the use of cold water... the scientific base of Hydropathy"
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The Forging of the American Empire: From the Revolution to Vietnam: A History of U.S. Imperialism
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Various therapies used in the present-day hydrotherapy employ water jets, underwater massage and
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The encyclopedia of Cleveland History. (Alternate title: The dictionary of Cleveland Biography)
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from the 'Central Christian Advocate,' Kansas, June 4, 1902 (scanned copy of original article)
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On the Healing Virtues of Cold Water, Inwardly and Outwardly applied, as proved by Experience
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On the Healing Virtues of Cold Water, Inwardly and Outwardly Applied, as Proved by Experience
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of inquiry, served but to make Priessnitz and his system stand higher in public estimation.
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is necessary for the treatment of wounds, hydrotherapy which performs selective mechanical
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Hydropathy for the People: With Plain Observations of Drugs, Diet, Water, Air and Exercise
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Where to Send Patients Abroad, for Mineral and other Water Cures and Climactic Treatment
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3291:(reprint ed.). Mokelumne Hill, California: Reprint by Health Research. p. 4.
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Drug Medicines (orig. 1862), The Hygienic System (1875) & Health Catechism (1875)
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2561:. Vol. 1 (4th, Corrected and Enlarged ed.). London: T. Cadell and W. Davies
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need of a radical adaptation to the former class was first adequately recognized by
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2086:. Vol. 2: N-Z (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 3586.
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The Great American Water Cure Craze: A History of Hydropathy in the United States
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into England on his return from the East in the 1850s, and ardently adopted by
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Kneipp introduced four additional principles to the therapy: medicinal herbs,
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2359:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–166.
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conditions, post-operative recovery, and pre-operative or general fitness in
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Twentieth Century Practice: An International Encyclopedia of Medical Science
3234:. Vol. Pickering–Sumter. New York: Appleton & Co. pp. 508–509.
2501:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 514–520.
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1482:
1463:
1370:
1340:
1323:
1040:
1000:
975:
680:
640:
505:
4452:
4017:
3999:
3641:
3032:
2724:
2661:
2172:
4524:
Home Remedies: Hydrotherapy, Massage, Charcoal and Other Simple Treatments
4481:
3168:
2909:
2865:
2653:
2269:
Home Remedies: Hydrotherapy, Massage, Charcoal and Other Simple Treatments
5095:
4875:
2999:"A shadow of orthodoxy? An epistemology of British hydropathy, 1840–1858"
1998:
1993:
1881:
1862:
1535:
1336:
953:
861:
700:
154:
3694:
A history of psychiatry: from the era of the asylum to the age of Prozac
1683:
of Basel, between 1860 and 1870, employed the cooling bath in abdominal
1406:
and flowers, while Romans had communal public baths for their citizens.
4828:
3780:
3140:
Victorian Turkish Baths: Their origin, development, and gradual decline
3114:
Victorian Turkish Baths: Their origin, development, and gradual decline
2706:
1968:
1893:
1889:
1812:
1696:
1554:
1491:
1423:
1363:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1045:
963:
928:
918:
660:
3045:
Bradley, James; Dupree, Marguerite & Durie, Alastair (1997). p.429
1695:
the cooling bath was largely employed, in conjunction frequently with
1344:
87:
3912:
Bradley, James; Dupree, Mageurite; Durie, Alastair (1997), pp.426–437
3797:, New York City: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 2001, p.7
1909:
1885:
1684:
1133:
958:
913:
580:
3772:
3459:
A Fair Examination and Criticism of all the Medical Systems in Vogue
2956:(3rd ed.). London: John Churchill – via Internet Archive.
1295:
can be used. Examples of this include directed wound irrigation and
3881:
Water is Best: The Hydros and Health Tourism in Scotland, 1840–1940
1815:
was treated by hydrotherapy for his alcoholism in the early 1930s.
1307:
The following methods are used for their hydrotherapeutic effects:
4507:. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3503:
The Battle Creek Sanitarium System. History, Organisation, Methods
1953:
1903:
1877:
1636:, was a forthright critic of hydropathy, and Gully in particular.
1572:
1500:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1379:
1262:
1212:
1010:
985:
866:
416:
3161:
1687:
with striking results, and led to its introduction to England by
1545:
Hydrotherapy as a formal medical tool dates from about 1829 when
1508:, who initiated the popular revival of hydrotherapy at Gräfenberg
4098:
Bradley, James; Dupree, Mageurite; Durie, Alastair (1997), p.427
3964:
Cites doctors practicing at Ilmenau's hydropathic establishment.
1577:
Hydropathic applications according to Claridge's Hydropathy book
995:
849:
4832:
4544:
3682:
Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org) Quotations from p.9
4395:
Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health
1988:
1924:
16:
Alternative medicine using water for pain relief and treatment
3954:(2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 340
1601:, further describing the treatments available at the clinic.
4326:
The Shakespeare Water Cure: A Burlesque Comedy in Three Acts
3190:
Nature Cures: The history of alternative medicine in America
2490:
1845:
toured Europe and discovered that a bath of spring water at
1355:
Full body immersion tanks (a "Hubbard tank" is a large size)
26:"Hydropathy" redirects here. For the chemistry concept, see
4202:
from the 'Central Christian Advocate,' Kansas, June 4, 1902
3110:"Dr Curtin's Hydropathic Establishment: Glenbrook, Co.Cork"
1715:
The specific use of heat was however often associated with
948:
3567:"Cleveland, Ohio (1868) Cleveland Jewish Orphanage Asylum"
2381:. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd
2080:
Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2007). "Definition of Water Cure".
1735:
The first U.S. hydropathic facilities were established by
1390:
The therapeutic use of water has been recorded in ancient
4762:
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
3973:
Linn, Thomas (1894), p. 7 (n17 in electronic page field).
1592:, established and operated a water cure establishment at
4312:. Vol. 64. London: Henry Colburn. pp. 432–435.
3808:"The Benefits of Ice Baths for Runners – Runner's World"
1832:
stages by stimulating blood flow and reducing swelling.
1757:
Following the introduction of hydrotherapy to the U.S.,
3747:
Hydrotherapy for Students and Practitioners of Medicine
2108:"Hydrotherapy – What is it and why aren't we doing it?"
1919:
is a form of hydrotherapy directed at the treatment of
3167:
3136:"St Ann's Hydropathic Establishment, Blarney, Co.Cork"
2411:. London: William Innys. Fourth Edition, with Appendix
4279:"Water cure definition per Webster's 1913 dictionary"
2237:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2194:
Rode, H.; Vale, I. Do; Millar, A.J.W (January 2009).
3421:
3419:
5083:
5047:
5016:
4983:
4959:
4866:
4785:
4727:
4630:
4604:
4578:
4414:
Hydrotherapy: Simple Treatments for Common Ailments
2440:. Vol. 1. London: The Co-operative Printing Co
70:
54:
37:
4071:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 138.
3246:
3187:
2048:1913 dictionary cited only the therapeutic sense,
1669:a counterpart of the establishment at Gräfenberg.
3759:Urse V. G. (1937). "Alcoholic mental disorders".
2642:Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
2378:Life of Vincent Priessnitz, Founder of Hydropathy
4239:"The water cure from a missionary point of view"
4198:"The water cure from a missionary point of view"
4022:. Note: Registration to review articles is free.
3654:. Note: Registration to review articles is free.
2517:Bradley, Ian (2012). "Keep Taking the Liquids".
2059:The late 19th century expropriation of the term
4375:. Woburn, Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heineman.
3734:Hydrotherapy: A Work on Hydrotherapy in General
3593:"Stonewall Jackson and the Henderson Hydropath"
2884:"The hydrotherapy and infamy of Dr James Gully"
2429:
2427:
4767:Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
4742:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
4306:"Review of Hydropathy, or The Cold Water Cure"
3710:, New York: William Wood & Co., 1895–1903.
3226:Wilson, James Grant; John Fiske, eds. (1888).
3194:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
3062:(5th English ed.). London: John Churchill
2535:Cited in Richard Metcalfe (1898), pp.5–6. Per
2370:
2368:
2366:
4844:
4556:
4505:Modern Hydrotherapy for the Massage Therapist
3749:. Loma Linda, California: College Press, 1911
3160:Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.).
2476:. Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
1628:. With his fame he also attracted criticism:
1165:
8:
4757:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
4494:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3736:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Saunders, 1910
3721:The Principles and Practices of Hydrotherapy
3524:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3486:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org).
3480:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3318:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2737:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2674:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2622:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2612:. Trenton, New Jersey: The Past Times Press.
1912:swimming in a harness in a hydrotherapy pool
1470:of Silesia as the basis for his book called
1418:, the latter being centred primarily around
1402:civilizations. Egyptian royalty bathed with
23:, water-based exercise and physical therapy.
4777:World Federation of Occupational Therapists
4339:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
4030:
4028:
3938:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
3591:Samaritan Medical Center (September 2008).
3540:Grabowski, John; Van Tassel, David (1997).
3530:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
3446:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
3232:Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography
3175:. Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
2608:Weiss, Kemble, Harry B., Howard R. (1967).
2571:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
2450:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
2421:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
2404:Batnard, John Floyer & Edward (1715) .
2391:Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
2298:(8th ed.). London: James Madden and Co
1795:Hydrotherapy was used to treat people with
4851:
4837:
4829:
4563:
4549:
4541:
4263:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4222:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3432:. New York: Fowlers & Wells. pp.
3253:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. p.
2877:
2875:
2760:. Vol. 32. pp. 12–7, see note 11
2689:Marland, Hilary & Adams, Jane (2009).
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2136:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1329:Bandages or compresses, wet and dry; also;
1275:Water therapy may be restricted to use as
1172:
1158:
241:Association for Research and Enlightenment
96:
43:
4747:American Occupational Therapy Association
4397:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
4007:
3884:. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd.
3087:entry in Dictionary of National Biography
3022:
2899:
2855:
2714:
2399:
2397:
1477:The other work was a 1797 publication by
4412:Dail, Clarence; Thomas, Charles (1989).
3723:, New York: William Wood & Co., 1908
3664:Crofts, H. Baptist (July–October 1883).
3245:Iacobbo, Michael; Karen Iacobbo (2004).
3186:Whorton, James C; Karen Iacobbo (2002).
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2114:. Kansas. 3 October 2009. Archived from
1422:. Many such histories predate the Roman
1326:(sitting), spinal, head, and foot baths;
4772:World Confederation of Physical Therapy
4526:. Seale, Alabama: Thrash Publications.
4522:Thrash, Agatha; Thrash, Calvin (1981).
4470:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
2923:Wilson, James; Gully, James M. (1843).
2271:. Seale, Alabama: Thrash Publications.
2249:, American Physical Therapy Association
2072:
1645:In Germany, France and America, and in
1235:treatments, Scotch hose, Swiss shower,
108:
4487:
4416:. Brushton, New York: Teach Services.
4356:. Brushton, New York: Teach Services.
4256:
4215:
3600:in Samaritan Medical Center Newsletter
3571:Jewish Orphanages in the United States
3517:
3473:
3426:Horsell, William; Trall, R.T. (1850).
3311:
2730:
2667:
2615:
2533:On the Power and Effect of Cold Water.
2267:Thrash, Agatha; Calvin Thrash (1981).
2129:
1699:; and it was used in the treatment of
1267:Opening of the new Hydrotherapy Pool,
34:
4752:American Physical Therapy Association
4373:Hydrotherapy: Principles and Practice
3834:University of Maryland Medical Center
2635:
2633:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2233:American Physical Therapy Association
7:
4371:Campion, Margaret Reid, ed. (2001).
3984:"The Cult of Water Cures in Germany"
3928:. Detroit, Michigan: George S. Davis
3542:"Cleveland Water Cure Establishment"
2888:Canadian Medical Association Journal
2811:(2nd ed.). London: J. Churchill
49:Hubbard tub with wooden patient lift
5127:Natural environment based therapies
4579:Physical rehabilitation disciplines
4572:Physical therapy and rehabilitation
4354:Elements of Hydrotherapy for Nurses
4110:"Waterboarding: A Tortured History"
3666:"The Relation of Drugs to Medicine"
3636:(1089): 784–785. 12 November 1881.
3134:Shifrin, Malcolm (3 October 2008).
3108:Shifrin, Malcolm (3 October 2008).
2968:"History of Water Cures at Malvern"
2930:. London: Cunningham & Mortimer
2754:"The Ennis Turkish Baths 1869–1878"
2695:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
2153:Journal of Burn Care & Research
83:
4310:The Monthly Magazine and Humourist
4125:"Waterboarding Used to Be a Crime"
4036:"Medicine: Gurgle, Gargle, Guggle"
3812:Runner's World & Running Times
3228:"Shew, Joel (biographical sketch)"
2782:Hydropathy, or the Cold Water Cure
1675:(1827–1897) of Berlin, Raljen and
14:
4142:Kramer, Paul (25 February 2008).
4123:Wallach, Evan (2 November 2007).
3994:(3476): 320–322. 20 August 1927.
3903:(Snippet views via Google Books).
2083:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
1632:, a physician and founder of the
1599:The Water Cure in Chronic Disease
311:Chiropractic treatment techniques
5065:Glossary of alternative medicine
4108:Weiner, Eric (3 November 2007).
3948:Sutro (M.D.), Sigismund (1865).
3456:Alva Curtis, A.M., M.D. (1855).
2768:– via County Cork Library.
2437:Sanitus Sanitum et omnia Sanitus
2333:
1347:, rubbings, and water potations.
1114:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
116:
3814:. 1 August 2008. Archived from
3670:in The British Quarterly Review
2832:"Hydropathy in England 1840-70"
1811:, reports that A.A. co-founder
150:Alternative veterinary medicine
5132:Alternative medical treatments
4433:European Journal of Pediatrics
3602:. Vol. 42. Archived from
2997:Bradley, J; Depree, M (2003).
2030:
1513:Vincenz Priessnitz (1799–1851)
773:Water fluoridation controversy
729:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
5003:Manual and body-based methods
4818:Physical therapy practice act
4596:Speech and language pathology
4352:Abbott, George Knapp (2007).
4042:. 8 July 1957. Archived from
3397:Munde, M.D., Charles (1857).
3371:Munde, M.D., Charles (1857).
3342:Munde, M.D., Charles (1857).
3249:Vegetarian America: A History
2938:– via Internet Archive.
2819:– via Internet Archive.
2292:Claridge, Capt. R.T. (1843).
2112:International SPA Association
1144:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1129:Multiple chemical sensitivity
256:Biological terrain assessment
4941:Traditional Chinese medicine
4503:Sinclair, Marybetts (2008).
4237:Sturtz, Homer Clyde (1907).
4196:Sturtz, Homer Clyde (1907).
4175:. Pluto Press. p. 188.
3628:"Medicine at the Congress".
3170:American Medical Biographies
2949:Gully, James Manby (1850) .
2882:Swinton, William E. (1980).
2165:10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181db5215
1526:Sebastian Kneipp (1821–1897)
1311:Packings, general and local;
5096:Anti-quackery organizations
4329:. New York: Harold Roorbach
3878:Durie, Alastair J. (2006).
3761:American Journal of Nursing
3332:Metcalfe, R. (1898), p. 170
3055:Gully, James Manby (1856).
1731:Spread to the United States
1719:. These were introduced by
1634:British Medical Association
1358:Arm, hip, and leg whirlpool
1211:, that involves the use of
805:Alternative medical systems
434:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
200:Fringe medicine and science
5148:
4993:Biologically based therapy
4622:Physical therapy education
4617:Master of Physical Therapy
4612:Doctor of Physical Therapy
3865:10.1016/j.ptsp.2003.10.002
3361:Full text at Gutenberg.org
3285:Trall, R.T., M.D. (1956).
2830:Price, Robin (July 1981).
2434:Metcalfe, Richard (1877).
2375:Metcalfe, Richard (1898).
1369:In some cases, baths with
1269:Manchester Royal Infirmary
815:Biologically based therapy
375:Dental amalgam controversy
25:
18:
4793:Allied health professions
4729:Professional associations
4445:10.1007/s00431-002-1138-y
4304:Thomas Hood, ed. (1842).
3853:Physical Therapy in Sport
3403:. New York: William Radde
3377:. New York: William Radde
3015:10.1017/s0025727300056702
2848:10.1017/s002572730003458x
1549:(1799–1851), a farmer of
439:Facilitated communication
84:
42:
4112:. National Public Radio.
3506:. Michigan: Battle Creek
3081:Sidney Lee, ed. (1899).
2466:. London: John Churchill
2460:Wilson, Erasmus (1861).
1803:. The basic text of the
1314:Hot air and steam baths;
1231:, Iodine-Grine therapy,
1104:Candida hypersensitivity
286:Fake COVID-19 treatments
100:This article is part of
19:Not to be confused with
5091:Evidence-based medicine
4808:Evidence-based practice
4631:Intervention techniques
4040:British Medical Journal
3988:British Medical Journal
3630:British Medical Journal
2539:, this was also titled
2537:Encyclopædia Britannica
2498:Encyclopædia Britannica
2356:Encyclopædia Britannica
2244:: an initiative of the
1789:British Medical Journal
1783:Subsequent developments
1763:Battle Creek Sanitarium
1717:Victorian Turkish baths
778:COVID-19 misinformation
706:Young blood transfusion
586:Orthomolecular medicine
551:Mind–body interventions
221:Anthroposophic medicine
161:Rise of modern medicine
5060:Complementary medicine
5008:Mind-body intervention
4969:Mind-body intervention
4786:Other related articles
4719:Therapeutic ultrasound
4065:Weisz, George (1995).
4000:10.1136/bmj.2.2958.320
3793:Alcoholics Anonymous.
3696:, Wiley, 1997. p. 120.
3642:10.1136/bmj.2.1089.784
2804:Wilson, James (1843).
2752:Beirne, Peter (2008).
2552:Currie, James (1805).
2196:"Burn wound infection"
2052:being synonymous with
1913:
1859:
1787:In November 1881, the
1780:
1643:
1582:Captain R. T. Claridge
1578:
1569:Spread of hydrotherapy
1509:
1446:
1443:Captain R. T. Claridge
1297:therapeutic irrigation
1272:
810:Mind–body intervention
761:MMR vaccine and autism
751:Vaccine misinformation
646:Rapid prompting method
4921:Naturopathic medicine
4169:Lens, Sidney (2003).
3922:Linn, Thomas (1894).
3496:Kellogg, J.H., M.D.,
2654:10.1089/acm.2013.0423
2235:(15 September 2014),
1907:
1854:
1767:
1741:Russell Thacher Trall
1677:Theodor von JĂĽrgensen
1638:
1576:
1504:
1474:, published in 1738.
1437:
1266:
1139:Vertebral subluxation
1088:Alternative diagnoses
676:Thought Field Therapy
316:Vertebral subluxation
5055:Alternative medicine
5017:Public-health issues
4946:Traditional medicine
4860:Alternative medicine
4798:Assistive technology
4591:Occupational therapy
3795:Alcoholics Anonymous
3462:. Cincinnati: Author
2972:malvernhealth.org.uk
2531:Hahn, J. S. (1738).
1809:Alcoholics Anonymous
1805:Alcoholics Anonymous
1661:, a manufacturer of
1630:Sir Charles Hastings
1618:Florence Nightingale
1441:, who, according to
1420:Japanese hot springs
1205:occupational therapy
1197:alternative medicine
1109:Chronic Lyme disease
838:Traditional medicine
820:Manipulative methods
621:Postural Integration
484:Bach flower remedies
360:Craniosacral therapy
188:Therapeutic nihilism
133:Alternative medicine
110:Alternative medicine
5084:Contrary viewpoints
4734:regulatory agencies
4699:Soft tissue therapy
4323:Larks, The (1897).
2118:on 24 February 2012
1917:Canine hydrotherapy
1900:Animal hydrotherapy
1836:Society and culture
1759:John Harvey Kellogg
1557:, then part of the
1255:, and cold plunge.
756:Vaccines and autism
746:Anti-vaccinationism
739:OPV AIDS hypothesis
541:Megavitamin therapy
454:Functional medicine
231:Applied kinesiology
127:General information
5075:Skeptical movement
5039:Water fluoridation
4694:Joint mobilization
4689:Joint manipulation
4658:Eccentric training
4046:on 19 October 2011
3818:on 23 August 2011.
3163:"Shew, Joel"
2707:10.1353/bhm.0.0251
1914:
1873:occurs naturally.
1752:Water Cure Journal
1745:Water Cure Journal
1681:Karl Liebermeister
1626:Samuel Wilberforce
1579:
1547:Vincenz Priessnitz
1510:
1506:Vincenz Priessnitz
1447:
1273:
1187:, formerly called
1124:Leaky gut syndrome
1099:Aerotoxic syndrome
1036:Prophetic medicine
734:HIV/AIDS denialism
561:Myofascial release
469:Holistic dentistry
449:Feldenkrais Method
429:Estrogen dominance
355:Conversion therapy
5104:
5103:
4826:
4825:
4709:Strength training
4514:978-0-7817-9209-7
4363:978-1-57258-521-8
3891:978-0-85976-657-9
3840:on 17 April 2012.
3609:on 5 October 2010
3083:"Urquhart, David"
2978:on 9 October 2010
2093:978-0-19-920687-2
1940:or "bath therapy"
1819:Recent techniques
1693:Franco-German War
1590:James Manby Gully
1462:, a physician of
1195:, is a branch of
1182:
1181:
909:Chinese herbology
666:Scientific racism
631:Psychodermatology
536:Medical intuitive
516:Lightning Process
474:Hologram bracelet
422:Therapeutic touch
323:Christian Science
296:Cancer treatments
95:
94:
5139:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4830:
4586:Physical therapy
4565:
4558:
4551:
4542:
4537:
4518:
4499:
4493:
4485:
4464:
4427:
4408:
4391:Cayleff, Susan E
4386:
4367:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4281:. Archived from
4275:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4144:"The Water Cure"
4139:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4032:
4023:
4021:
4011:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3836:. Archived from
3826:
3820:
3819:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3756:
3750:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3704:
3698:
3692:Edward Shorter,
3689:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3597:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3423:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3252:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3193:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3026:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2974:. Archived from
2964:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2718:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2665:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2549:
2543:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2229:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2077:
2034:
1979:Sebastian Kneipp
1896:amongst others.
1651:royal commission
1281:physical therapy
1191:and also called
1174:
1167:
1160:
924:Gill plate trade
686:Vaginal steaming
333:Colloidal silver
301:Charcoal cleanse
120:
97:
88:edit on Wikidata
80:
47:
35:
28:Hydropathy index
5147:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5122:Aquatic therapy
5107:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5079:
5043:
5024:Dental amalgams
5012:
4979:
4955:
4896:Energy medicine
4862:
4857:
4827:
4822:
4813:Pain management
4781:
4731:
4723:
4675:(Thermotherapy)
4638:Aquatic therapy
4626:
4600:
4574:
4569:
4534:
4521:
4515:
4502:
4486:
4467:
4430:
4424:
4411:
4405:
4389:
4383:
4370:
4364:
4351:
4348:
4346:Further reading
4343:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4285:on 28 July 2011
4277:
4276:
4272:
4255:
4248:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4214:
4207:
4205:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4129:Washington Post
4122:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4026:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3957:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3792:
3788:
3773:10.2307/3414142
3758:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3718:
3714:
3706:Stedman, T. L.
3705:
3701:
3690:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3439:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3354:
3352:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3310:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3003:Medical History
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2836:Medical History
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2758:The Other Clare
2751:
2750:
2746:
2729:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2666:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2530:
2526:
2519:Today's History
2516:
2515:
2506:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2384:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2349:, ed. (1911). "
2345:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2312:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2246:ABIM Foundation
2242:Choosing Wisely
2231:
2230:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2009:Thalassotherapy
1984:Kneipp facility
1949:Destination spa
1944:Colon cleansing
1933:
1902:
1838:
1821:
1785:
1772:Clifton Springs
1761:employed it at
1733:
1709:
1610:Charles Dickens
1571:
1559:Austrian Empire
1528:
1515:
1456:
1432:
1388:
1305:
1277:aquatic therapy
1261:
1237:thalassotherapy
1178:
1149:
1148:
1094:Adrenal fatigue
1089:
1081:
1080:
855:Southern Africa
840:
830:
829:
800:
798:Classifications
790:
789:
766:in chiropractic
724:
716:
715:
636:Quantum healing
626:Psychic surgery
501:Ionized jewelry
464:Herbal medicine
412:Esoteric energy
402:Energy medicine
370:Cupping therapy
365:Crystal healing
338:Colon cleansing
276:Bowen technique
246:Auriculotherapy
201:
193:
192:
128:
91:
76:
50:
31:
24:
21:Aquatic therapy
17:
12:
11:
5:
5145:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5029:Growth hormone
5026:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4998:Energy therapy
4995:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4965:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4951:Unani medicine
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4665:
4663:Electrotherapy
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4519:
4513:
4500:
4465:
4428:
4422:
4409:
4403:
4387:
4381:
4368:
4362:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4315:
4296:
4270:
4229:
4188:
4181:
4161:
4148:The New Yorker
4134:
4115:
4100:
4091:
4077:
4057:
4024:
3975:
3966:
3940:
3914:
3905:
3890:
3870:
3843:
3821:
3799:
3786:
3767:(3): 225–243.
3751:
3738:
3725:
3712:
3699:
3684:
3656:
3620:
3583:
3558:
3532:
3498:Superintendent
3488:
3448:
3415:
3389:
3363:
3334:
3325:
3297:
3277:
3263:
3237:
3218:
3204:
3178:
3152:
3126:
3100:
3073:
3047:
3038:
2989:
2959:
2941:
2915:
2894:(12): 1262–4.
2871:
2822:
2796:
2779:Anon. (1843).
2771:
2744:
2701:(3): 499–529.
2681:
2648:(7): 521–526.
2629:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2544:
2524:
2504:
2489:, ed. (1911).
2487:Chisholm, Hugh
2478:
2452:
2423:
2393:
2362:
2347:Chisholm, Hugh
2310:
2284:
2277:
2259:
2217:
2186:
2159:(3): 393–399.
2143:
2099:
2092:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2014:Water aerobics
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Mineral spring
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1901:
1898:
1837:
1834:
1820:
1817:
1797:mental illness
1784:
1781:
1732:
1729:
1725:Richard Barter
1721:David Urquhart
1708:
1705:
1614:Thomas Carlyle
1606:Charles Darwin
1570:
1567:
1527:
1524:
1514:
1511:
1455:
1452:
1431:
1430:Modern revival
1428:
1404:essential oils
1387:
1384:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:General baths;
1315:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1299:with suction.
1260:
1257:
1245:hot Roman bath
1241:whirlpool bath
1199:(particularly
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:Pressure point
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
875:
874:
869:
859:
858:
857:
852:
841:
836:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
825:Energy therapy
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:
775:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
743:
742:
741:
731:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
714:
713:
711:Zero balancing
708:
703:
698:
696:Vision therapy
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
611:Parapsychology
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
531:Manual therapy
528:
526:Magnet therapy
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
487:
486:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
399:
394:
389:
388:
387:
380:Detoxification
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
346:
345:
335:
330:
325:
320:
319:
318:
313:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
185:
184:
183:
173:
168:
163:
158:
157:(health fraud)
152:
147:
146:
145:
140:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
113:
112:
106:
105:
93:
92:
85:
82:
81:
74:
68:
67:
58:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5144:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:Pseudoscience
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:Faith healing
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:Iontophoresis
4682:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Gait training
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4535:
4533:0-942658-02-7
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4439:(3): 168–76.
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4423:0-945383-08-8
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4404:0-87722-859-0
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4382:0-7506-2261-X
4378:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4297:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4182:0-7453-2100-3
4178:
4174:
4173:
4165:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4104:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4080:
4078:0-19-509037-3
4074:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4058:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3941:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:Abbott, G.K.
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:Hinsdale, G.
3729:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3688:
3685:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3449:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3390:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3350:William Radde
3347:
3346:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3300:
3298:0-7873-1200-2
3294:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3278:
3266:
3264:0-275-97519-3
3260:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3207:
3205:0-19-514071-0
3201:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3153:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3101:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:(2): 173–94.
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2842:(3): 269–80.
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2492:"Baths"
2488:
2482:
2479:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2410:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2342:public domain
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2278:0-942658-02-7
2274:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Finnish sauna
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:Balneotherapy
1936:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Aix-les-Bains
1844:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1707:Hot-air baths
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:of Kiel, and
1678:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:Lord Tennyson
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:complications
1372:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:balneotherapy
1226:
1225:mineral baths
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:physiotherapy
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Faith healing
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:Bush medicine
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:Balneotherapy
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
834:
833:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
799:
794:
793:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:Controversies
720:
719:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
691:Vegetotherapy
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Ozone therapy
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
521:Lymphotherapy
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Hair analysis
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:FasciaBlaster
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Correactology
405:
404:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Colorpuncture
348:
344:
341:
340:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Chromotherapy
326:
324:
321:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
216:Alkaline diet
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:Pseudoscience
164:
162:
159:
156:
153:
151:
148:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
124:
123:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:
89:
79:
75:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
5117:Hydrotherapy
4911:Hydrotherapy
4910:
4891:Chiropractic
4881:Aromatherapy
4679:Hydrotherapy
4678:
4673:Heat therapy
4523:
4504:
4490:cite journal
4476:(4): 173–6.
4473:
4469:
4436:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4372:
4353:
4331:. Retrieved
4325:
4318:
4309:
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4283:the original
4273:
4247:. Retrieved
4242:
4232:
4206:. Retrieved
4201:
4191:
4171:
4164:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:
4137:
4128:
4118:
4103:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4067:
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4044:the original
4039:
3991:
3987:
3978:
3969:
3956:. Retrieved
3950:
3943:
3930:. Retrieved
3924:
3917:
3908:
3895:. Retrieved
3880:
3873:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3838:the original
3833:
3824:
3816:the original
3811:
3802:
3794:
3789:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3693:
3687:
3674:. Retrieved
3669:
3659:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3611:. Retrieved
3604:the original
3599:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3545:
3535:
3508:. Retrieved
3502:
3497:
3491:
3464:. Retrieved
3458:
3451:
3438:. Retrieved
3428:
3405:. Retrieved
3399:
3392:
3379:. Retrieved
3373:
3366:
3353:. Retrieved
3348:. New York:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3302:. Retrieved
3287:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3248:
3240:
3231:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3189:
3181:
3169:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3139:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3113:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3086:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3057:
3050:
3041:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2976:the original
2971:
2962:
2951:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2925:
2918:
2891:
2887:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2806:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2781:
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2757:
2747:
2733:cite journal
2698:
2694:
2684:
2670:cite journal
2645:
2641:
2609:
2585:
2576:
2563:. Retrieved
2557:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2496:
2481:
2468:. Retrieved
2462:
2455:
2442:. Retrieved
2436:
2413:. Retrieved
2406:
2383:. Retrieved
2377:
2354:
2300:. Retrieved
2294:
2287:
2268:
2262:
2251:, retrieved
2240:
2208:. Retrieved
2203:
2199:
2189:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2111:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2004:Steam shower
1915:
1875:
1867:mineral-rich
1860:
1855:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1823:A subset of
1822:
1808:
1807:fellowship,
1794:
1788:
1786:
1768:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1714:
1710:
1701:hyperpyrexia
1671:
1659:John Smedley
1655:
1644:
1639:
1603:
1598:
1587:
1580:
1563:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1496:
1479:James Currie
1476:
1471:
1457:
1448:
1439:James Currie
1389:
1368:
1366:" or "spa".
1361:
1350:
1333:Fomentations
1306:
1285:
1279:, a form of
1274:
1222:
1192:
1188:
1185:Hydrotherapy
1184:
1183:
1061:Thai massage
1031:Naftalan oil
904:Blood stasis
783:Turbo cancer
671:ThetaHealing
596:Osteomyology
496:Hypnotherapy
491:Hydrotherapy
490:
397:Ear candling
392:Dry needling
343:Coffee enema
306:Chiropractic
271:Bone-setting
251:Bates method
236:Aromatherapy
38:Hydrotherapy
32:
4648:Debridement
4643:Cryotherapy
4249:12 December
4084:14 December
3958:13 December
3719:Baruch, S.
3613:13 December
3576:11 December
3551:11 December
3466:14 December
3304:14 December
3270:14 December
3211:14 December
3145:12 December
3119:12 December
2122:17 December
1825:cryotherapy
1813:Bill Wilson
1673:Ernst Brand
1460:John Floyer
1408:Hippocrates
1293:debridement
1217:pain relief
1201:naturopathy
1021:Mien Shiang
939:Moxibustion
651:Reflexology
576:Oil pulling
571:Naturopathy
511:Jilly Juice
291:Camel urine
261:Black salve
211:Acupuncture
206:Acupressure
171:Antiscience
143:Terminology
5111:Categories
4985:Treatments
4931:Osteopathy
4926:Orthopathy
4916:Homeopathy
4803:Disability
4333:6 December
4289:6 December
4208:6 December
4153:6 December
4050:4 December
3932:5 December
3830:"Lymphoma"
3676:5 November
3510:30 October
3440:2 November
3407:2 November
3381:2 November
3355:2 November
3066:3 November
2934:2 November
2815:4 November
2764:30 October
2565:2 December
2470:8 November
2444:4 November
2415:22 October
2385:3 December
2351:Hydropathy
2302:29 October
2206:(1): 26–30
2068:References
2061:water cure
2054:hydropathy
2050:water cure
2042:water cure
2037:water cure
1843:Mark Twain
1801:alcoholism
1689:Wilson Fox
1663:Derbyshire
1551:Gräfenberg
1468:J. S. Hahn
1320:Treadmills
1193:water cure
1189:hydropathy
1119:Heavy legs
1076:Vietnamese
1056:Sri Lankan
616:Phrenology
601:Osteopathy
591:Orthopathy
479:Homeopathy
385:Foot detox
281:Breathwork
226:Apitherapy
181:Scientific
176:Skepticism
5048:Key terms
4971:advocates
4936:Shamanism
4906:Herbalism
4714:Traction
4653:Diathermy
4605:Education
4259:cite book
4218:cite book
3859:: 26–32.
3650:220216714
3520:cite book
3476:cite book
3314:cite book
2982:6 January
2618:cite book
2559:Inanition
2253:15 August
2132:cite book
2046:Webster's
1964:Halliwick
1871:hot water
1863:spa towns
1737:Joel Shew
1712:revival.
1691:. In the
1585:Glasgow.
1488:Hegewisch
1483:Liverpool
1464:Lichfield
1454:1700–1810
1371:whirlpool
1341:sinapisms
1337:poultices
1303:Technique
1041:Shamanism
1026:Mongolian
1001:Kayakalpa
976:Curandero
894:Cambodian
884:Brazilian
681:Urophagia
641:Radionics
546:Mesmerism
506:Iridology
5034:Vaccines
4886:Bodywork
4876:Ayurveda
4461:20497073
4453:12655421
4393:(1991).
4245:. Kansas
4204:. Kansas
4018:20773355
3897:28 April
3500:(1908).
3093:22 April
3033:12754763
2725:19801794
2662:24773138
2521:: 44–46.
2173:20305571
1999:Spa town
1994:Spa bath
1931:See also
1882:Scotland
1865:, where
1536:massages
1392:Egyptian
1011:Japanese
954:San Jiao
934:Meridian
862:Ayurveda
701:Vitalism
266:Bodywork
155:Quackery
102:a series
56:ICD-9-CM
4975:Critics
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