961:
under-acknowledged. Weishaupt's continuing anti-clericalism clashed with Knigge's mysticism, and recruitment of mystically inclined
Freemasons was a cause of friction with Weishaupt and other senior Illuminati, such as Ditfurth. Matters came to a head over the grade of Priest. The consensus among many of the Illuminati was that the ritual was florid and ill-conceived, and the regalia puerile and expensive. Some refused to use it, others edited it. Weishaupt demanded that Knigge rewrite the ritual. Knigge pointed out that it was already circulated, with Weishaupt's blessing, as ancient. This fell on deaf ears. Weishaupt now claimed to other Illuminati that the Priest ritual was flawed because Knigge had invented it. Offended, Knigge now threatened to tell the world how much of the Illuminati ritual he had made up. Knigge's attempt to create a convention of the Areopagites proved fruitless, as most of them trusted him even less than they trusted Weishaupt. In July 1784 Knigge left the order by agreement, under which he returned all relevant papers, and Weishaupt published a retraction of all slanders against him. In forcing Knigge out, Weishaupt deprived the order of its best theoretician, recruiter and apologist.
1562:
411:
he sought to create already existed. Knigge and three of his friends expressed a strong interest in learning more of this order and
Costanzo showed them material relating to the Minerval grade. The teaching material for the grade was "liberal" literature which was banned in Bavaria, but common knowledge in the Protestant German states. Knigge's three companions became disillusioned and had no more to do with Costanzo, but Knigge's persistence was rewarded in November 1780 by a letter from Weishaupt. Knigge's connections, both within and outside of Freemasonry, made him an ideal recruit. Knigge, for his own part, was flattered by the attention and drawn towards the order's stated aims of education and the protection of mankind from despotism. Weishaupt managed to acknowledge, and pledge to support, Knigge's interest in alchemy and the "higher sciences". Knigge replied to Weishaupt outlining his plans for the reform of Freemasonry as the Strict Observance began to question its own origins.
415:
the
Minerval grade of the Illuminati. Knigge appeared at this time to believe in the "Most Serene Superiors" which Weishaupt claimed to serve. His inability to articulate anything about the higher degrees of the order became increasingly embarrassing, but in delaying any help, Weishaupt gave him an extra task. Provided with material by Weishaupt, Knigge now produced pamphlets outlining the activities of the outlawed Jesuits, purporting to show how they continued to thrive and recruit, especially in Bavaria. Meanwhile, Knigge's inability to give his recruits any satisfactory response to questions regarding the higher grades was making his position untenable and he wrote to Weishaupt to this effect. In January 1781, faced with the prospect of losing Knigge and his masonic recruits, Weishaupt finally confessed that his superiors and the supposed antiquity of the order were fictions and the higher degrees had yet to be written.
1334:
607:
if any, system of higher degrees they wished to pursue. This would be a federation of Grand Lodges and members would be free to visit any of the "blue" lodges, in any jurisdiction. All lodge masters would be elected and no fees would be paid to any central authority whatsoever. Groups of lodges would be subject to a "Scottish
Directorate", composed of members delegated by lodges, to audit finances, settle disputes and authorise new lodges. These in turn would elect Provincial Directorates, who would elect inspectors, who would elect the national director. This system would correct the current imbalance in German Freemasonry, where masonic ideals of equality were preserved only in the lower three "symbolic" degrees. The various systems of higher degrees were dominated by the elite who could afford researches in
970:
become common knowledge, along with the names of many important members. The presence of
Illuminati in positions of power now led to some public disquiet. There were Illuminati in many civic and state governing bodies. In spite of their small number, there were claims that success in a legal dispute depended on the litigant's standing with the order. The Illuminati were blamed for several anti-religious publications then appearing in Bavaria. Much of this criticism sprang from vindictiveness and jealousy, but it is clear that many Illuminati court officials gave preferential treatment to their brethren. In Bavaria, the energy of their two members of the Ecclesiastical Council had one of them elected treasurer. Their opposition to
502:
chapter unexpectedly capitulated and the
Illuminati had complete control of lodge and chapter. In June, both lodge and chapter sent letters severing relations with Royal York, citing their own faithfulness in paying for their recognition and Royal York's failure to provide any instruction into the higher grades. Their neglect of Costanza, failure to defend him from malicious charges or prevent his expulsion from Prussia, were also cited. They had made no effort to provide Costanza with the promised secrets and the Munich masons now suspected that their brethren in Berlin relied on the mystical French higher grades which they sought to avoid. Lodge Theodore was now independent.
594:(Good Knights of the Holy City), and some Martinist mysticism was imported into the first three degrees, which were now the only essential degrees of Freemasonry. Crucially, individual lodges of the order were now allowed to fraternise with lodges of other systems. The new "Scottish Grade" introduced with the Lyon ritual of Willermoz was not compulsory, each province and prefecture was free to decide what, if anything, happened after the three craft degrees. Finally, in an effort to show that something had been achieved, the convent regulated at length on etiquette, titles and a new numbering for the provinces.
315:, a former pupil of Weishaupt, at the beginning of Zwack's significant administrative career. (At the time, he was in charge of the Bavarian National Lottery.) Massenhausen's enthusiasm soon became a liability in the eyes of Weishaupt, often resulting in attempts to recruit unsuitable candidates. Later, his erratic love-life made him neglectful, and as Weishaupt passed control of the Munich group to Zwack, it became clear that Massenhausen had misappropriated subscriptions and intercepted correspondence between Weishaupt and Zwack. In 1778, Massenhausen graduated and took a post outside
633:
committee charged with writing the new masonic statutes. Aside from strengthening relations between their three lodges, the
Illuminati seem to have gained no advantage from this manoeuvre. Ditfurth, having found a masonic organisation that worked towards his own ambitions for Freemasonry, took little interest in the Illuminati after his adherence to the Eclectic Alliance. In reality, the creation of the Eclectic Alliance had undermined all of the subtle plans of the Illuminati to spread their own doctrine through Freemasonry.
457:
brethren would dispatch to Berlin. Costanza accordingly set off for
Prussia on 4 April 1780, with instructions to negotiate a reduction in Theodore's fees while he was there. On the way, he managed to have an argument with a Frenchman on the subject of a lady with whom they were sharing a carriage. The Frenchman sent a message ahead to the king, some time before they reached Berlin, denouncing Costanza as a spy. He was only freed from prison with the help of the Grand Master of Royal York and was expelled from
530:
905:, the Rosicrucians were anything but anticlerical, were pro-monarchic and held views clearly conflicting with the Illuminati vision of a rationalist state run by philosophers and scientists. The Rosicrucians were not above promoting their own brand of mysticism with seances. A conflict became inevitable as the existence of the Illuminati became more evident, and as prominent Rosicrucians and mystics with Rosicrucian sympathies, were recruited by Knigge and other helpers.
616:
lodges, the
Illuminati now announced their own, from their "unknown Superiors". Lodge Theodore, newly independent from Royal York, set themselves up as a provincial Grand Lodge. Knigge, in a letter to all the Royal York lodges, now accused that Grand Lodge of decadence. Their Freemasonry had allegedly been corrupted by the Jesuits. Strict Observance was now attacked as a creation of the Stuarts, devoid of all moral virtue. The Zinnendorf rite of the
445:
saw the negative impression these same feelings would engender in
Protestant states, inhibiting the spread of the order in greater Germany. Both the Areopagus and Weishaupt felt powerless to do anything less than give Knigge a free hand. He had the contacts within and outside of Freemasonry that they needed and he had the skill as a ritualist to build their projected gradal structure, where they had ground to a halt at
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218:
808:
453:
the Illuminati. The chapter would be difficult to persuade to submit to the Areopagus and formed a very real barrier to Lodge Theodore becoming the first mother-lodge of a new Illuminated Freemasonry. A treaty of alliance was signed between the order and the chapter and by the end of January 1781 four daughter lodges had been created, but independence was not in the chapter's agenda.
392:
937:, and of using the liberal writings of Voltaire and others, alongside the tolerance of Freemasonry, to undermine all religion. In November 1783, the Three Globes described the Illuminati as a masonic sect which sought to undermine Christianity and turn Freemasonry into a political system. Their final anathema, in November 1784, refused to recognise any Illuminati as Freemasons.
498:, Baron de Witte, master of Constancy lodge, caused every member to join the order. In this way, the order expanded rapidly in central and southern Germany and obtained a foothold in Austria. Moving into the Spring of 1782, the handful of students that had started the order had swelled to about 300 members, only 20 of the new recruits being students.
419:
part, Knigge welcomed the opportunity to use the order as a vehicle for his own ideas. His new approach would, he claimed, make the Illuminati more attractive to prospective members in the Protestant princedoms of Germany. In November 1781 the Areopagus advanced Knigge 50 florins to travel to Bavaria, which he did via
621:
federation only as far as the first three degrees. Their insistence on independence had kept them from the Strict Observance and would now keep them from the Illuminati, whose plan to annex Freemasonry rested on their own higher degrees. By the end of January 1783 the Illuminati's masonic contingent had seven lodges.
1035:, an orthodox Congregational minister and geographer, was among those who delivered sermons against the Illuminati. In fact, one of the first accounts of the Illuminati to be printed in the United States was Morse's Fast Day sermon of 9 May 1798. Morse had been alerted to the publication in Europe of Robison's
947:
The Bavarian Illuminati, whose existence was already known to the Rosicrucians from an informant, were further betrayed by Ferdinand Maria Baader, an Areopagite who now joined the Rosicrucians. Shortly after his admission it was made known to his superiors that he was one of the Illuminati and he was
620:
was suspect because its author was in league with the Swedes. This direct attack had the opposite effect to that intended by Weishaupt, it offended many of its readers. The Grand Lodge of the Grand Orient of Warsaw, which controlled Freemasonry in Poland and Lithuania, was happy to participate in the
469:
Knigge's initial plan to obtain a constitution from London would, they realised, have been seen through by the chapter. Until such time as they could take over other masonic lodges that their chapter could not control, they were for the moment content to rewrite the three degrees for the lodges which
418:
If Knigge had expected to learn the promised deep secrets of Freemasonry in the higher degrees of the Illuminati, he was surprisingly calm about Weishaupt's revelation. Weishaupt promised Knigge a free hand in the creation of the higher degrees and also promised to send him his own notes. For his own
410:
and a fellow Freemason. Knigge, still in his twenties, had already reached the highest initiatory grades of his order and had arrived with his own grand plans for its reform. Disappointed that his scheme found no support, Knigge was immediately intrigued when Costanzo informed him that the order that
252:
had dissolved in 1773. The Jesuits of Ingolstadt, however, still retained the purse strings and some power at the university, which they continued to regard as their own. They made constant attempts to frustrate and discredit non-clerical staff, especially when course material contained anything they
585:
At the convent, Ditfurth blocked the attempts of Willermoz and Hesse to introduce their own higher grades by insisting that full details of such degrees be revealed to the delegates. The frustration of the German mystics led to their enrolling Count Kollowrat with the Illuminati with a view to later
452:
Meanwhile, the scheme to propagate Illuminatism as a legitimate branch of Freemasonry had stalled. While Lodge Theodore was now in their control, a chapter of "Elect Masters" attached to it only had one member from the order and still had a constitutional superiority to the craft lodge controlled by
439:
In discussions with the Areopagus and Weishaupt, Knigge identified two areas which were problematic. Weishaupt's emphasis on the recruitment of university students meant that senior positions in the order often had to be filled by young men with little practical experience. Secondly, the anti-Jesuit
329:
During this early period, the order had three grades of Novice, Minerval and Illuminated Minerval, of which only the Minerval grade involved a complicated ceremony. In this the candidate was given secret signs and a password. A system of mutual espionage kept Weishaupt informed of the activities and
969:
The final decline of the Illuminati was brought about by the indiscretions of their own Minervals in Bavaria, and especially in Munich. In spite of efforts by their superiors to curb loose talk, politically dangerous boasts of power and criticism of monarchy caused the "secret" order's existence to
956:
As the Illuminati embraced Freemasonry and expanded outside Bavaria, the council of the Areopagites was replaced by an ineffective "Council of Provincials". The Areopagites, however, remained as powerful voices within the Order and began again to bicker with Weishaupt as soon as Knigge left Munich.
606:
Knigge's first efforts at an alliance with the intact German Grand Lodges failed, but Weishaupt persisted. He proposed a new federation where all of the German lodges would practise an agreed, unified system in the essential three degrees of Freemasonry and be left to their own devices as to which,
602:
What the Convent of Wilhelmsbad actually achieved was the demise of the Strict Observance. It renounced its own origin myth, along with the higher degrees which bound its highest and most influential members. It abolished the strict control which had kept the order united and alienated many Germans
414:
Weishaupt set Knigge the task of recruiting before he could be admitted to the higher grades of the order. Knigge accepted, on the condition that he be allowed to choose his own recruiting grounds. Many other masons found Knigge's description of the new masonic order attractive and were enrolled in
1090:
as a grade within their organisation's degree structure. However, there is no evidence that these present-day groups have any real connection to the historic order. They have not amassed significant political power or influence and most, rather than trying to remain secret, promote unsubstantiated
645:
initially led to a liberalisation of attitudes and laws, but the clergy and courtiers, guarding their own power and privilege, persuaded the weak-willed monarch to reverse his reforms and Bavaria's repression of liberal thought returned. This reversal led to a general resentment of the monarch and
456:
Costanza wrote to the Royal York pointing out the discrepancy between the fees dispatched to their new Grand Lodge and the service they had received in return. The Royal York, unwilling to lose the revenue, offered to confer the "higher" secrets of Freemasonry on a representative that their Munich
444:
sentiment, which Knigge knew would be a problem in recruiting the senior Freemasons that the order now sought to attract. Knigge felt keenly the stifling grip of conservative Catholicism in Bavaria and understood the anti-religious feelings that this produced in the liberal Illuminati, but he also
615:
The circular announcing the new federation outlined the faults of German freemasonry, that unsuitable men with money were often admitted on the basis of their wealth, that the corruption of civil society had infected the lodges. Having advocated the deregulation of the higher grades of the German
183:
In subsequent use, "Illuminati" has been used when referring to various organisations which are alleged to be a continuation of the original Bavarian Illuminati (though these links have not been substantiated). These organisations have often been accused of conspiring to control world affairs, by
624:
It was not only the clumsy appeal of the Illuminati that left the federation short of members. Lodge Theodore was recently formed and did not command respect like the older lodges. Most of all, the Freemasons most likely to be attracted to the federation saw the Illuminati as an ally against the
1129:
The original Illuminati did not survive suppression in Bavaria. Their further mischief and plottings in the work of Barruel and Robison must be thus considered as the invention of the writers. Despite this, they have been featured in many modern conspiracy theories predicated on their survival.
581:
The lack of a coherent alternative to the two strains of mysticism allowed the Illuminati to present themselves as a credible option. Ditfurth, prompted and assisted by Knigge, who now had full authority to act for the order, became their spokesman. Knigge's original plan to propose an alliance
501:
In Munich, the first half of 1782 saw huge changes in the government of Lodge Theodore. In February, Weishaupt had offered to split the lodge, with the Illuminati going their own way and the chapter taking any remaining traditionalists into their own continuation of Theodore. At this point, the
684:
The total number of verifiable members at the end of 1784 is around 650. Weishaupt and Hertel later claimed a figure of 2,500. The higher figure is largely explained by the inclusion of members of masonic lodges that the Illuminati claimed to control, but it is likely that the names of all the
632:
The non-mystical Frankfurt lodges created an "Eclectic Alliance", which was almost indistinguishable in constitution and aims from the Illuminati's federation. Far from seeing this as a threat, after some discussion the Illuminati lodges joined the new alliance. Three Illuminati now sat on the
586:
affiliation. Ditfurth's own agenda was to replace all of the higher degrees with a single fourth degree, with no pretensions to further masonic revelations. Finding no support for his plan, he left the convent prematurely, writing to the Areopagus that he expected nothing good of the assembly.
347:
early in February 1777. His progress through the three degrees of "blue lodge" masonry taught him nothing of the higher degrees he sought to exploit, but in the following year a priest called Abbé Marotti informed Zwack that these inner secrets rested on knowledge of the older religion and the
589:
In an attempt to satisfy everybody, the Convent of Wilhelmsbad achieved little. They renounced the Templar origins of their ritual, while retaining the Templar titles, trappings and administrative structure. Charles of Hesse and Ferdinand of Brunswick remained at the head of the order, but in
435:
The order had now developed profound internal divisions. In July 1780, the Eichstaedt command had formed an autonomous province and a rift was growing between Weishaupt and the Areopagus, who found him stubborn, dictatorial, and inconsistent. Knigge fitted readily into the role of peacemaker.
611:
and mysticism. To Weishaupt and Knigge, the proposed federation was also a vehicle to propagate Illuminism throughout German Freemasonry. Their intention was to use their new federation, with its emphasis on the fundamental degrees, to remove all allegiance to Strict Observance, allowing the
348:
primitive church. Zwack persuaded Weishaupt that their own order should enter into friendly relations with Freemasonry and obtain the dispensation to set up their own lodge. At this stage (December 1778), the addition of the first three degrees of Freemasonry was seen as a secondary project.
960:
More seriously, Weishaupt succeeded in alienating Knigge. Weishaupt had ceded considerable power to Knigge in deputising him to write the ritual, power he now sought to regain. Knigge had elevated the Order from a tiny anti-clerical club to a large organisation and felt that his work was
1061:(1800). Some scholars, moreover, have linked the panic over the alleged Illuminati conspiracy to fears about immigration from the Caribbean and about potential slave rebellions. Concern died down in the first decade of the 1800s, although it revived from time to time in the
985:
including the Illuminati. A government edict dated 2 March 1785 "seems to have been deathblow to the Illuminati in Bavaria". Weishaupt had fled and documents and internal correspondence, seized in 1786 and 1787, were subsequently published by the government in 1787.
577:
lodge there, who was already a member of the Illuminati. Ditfurth publicly campaigned for a return to the basic three degrees of Freemasonry, which was the least likely outcome of the convention. The mystics already had coherent plans to replace the higher degrees.
685:
Illuminati are not known and the true figure lies somewhere around 1,300. The importance of the order lay in its successful recruitment of the professional classes, churchmen, academics, doctors and lawyers, and its more recent acquisition of powerful benefactors.
204:, the Illuminati are depicted as lurking in the shadows and pulling the strings and levers of power. This view of the Illuminati has found its way into popular culture, appearing in dozens of novels, films, television shows, comics, video games and music videos.
721:
with his vice-Chancellor Baron Kressel, Count Pålffy von Erdöd, chancellor of Hungary, Count Banffy, governor and provincial Grand Master of Transylvania, Count Stadion, ambassador to London, and Baron von Swieten, minister of public education, also joined.
932:
informed Charles of Hesse that the Berlin lodges had documents belonging to the Minervals or Illuminati which contained appalling material and asked if he had heard of them. All Berlin masons were now warned against the order, which was now accused of
44:
948:
informed that he could not be a member of both organisations. His letter of resignation stated that the Rosicrucians did not possess secret knowledge, and ignored the truly Illuminated, specifically identifying Lodge Theodore as an Illuminati Lodge.
729:, the Swiss poet and theologian, rebuffed Knigge. He did not believe the order's humanitarian and rationalist aims were achievable by secret means. He further believed that a society's drive for members would ultimately submerge its founding ideals.
733:, the Berlin writer and bookseller, became disillusioned after joining. He found its aims chimeric and thought that the use of Jesuit methods to achieve their aims was dangerous. He remained in the order, but took no part in recruitment.
449:, with only the Minerval grade below and the merest sketches of higher grades. The only restrictions imposed were the need to discuss the inner secrets of the highest grades and the necessity of submitting his new grades for approval.
3672:
1077:
claim to be descended from the original Bavarian Illuminati and openly use the name "Illuminati". Some of these groups use a variation on the name "The Illuminati Order" in the name of their own organisations, while others, such as
334:. Christians of good character were actively sought, with Jews and pagans specifically excluded, along with women, monks and members of other secret societies. Favoured candidates were rich, docile, willing to learn and aged 18â30.
374:, lodge Theodore became independently recognised and able to declare its independence. As a new mother lodge, it could now spawn lodges of its own. The recruiting drive amongst the Frankfurt masons also obtained the allegiance of
1752:
2653:
920:, began a sustained attack on the Illuminati. Wöllner had a specially engineered room in which he convinced potential patrons of the effectiveness of Rosicrucian "magic", and his order had acquired effective control of the
483:
Class III â The Mysteries. The lesser mysteries were the grades of Priest and Prince, followed by the greater mysteries in the grades of Mage and King. It is unlikely that the rituals for the greater mysteries were ever
545:. Ostensibly a discussion of the future of the order, the 35 delegates knew that the Strict Observance in its current form was doomed, and that the Convent of Wilhelmsbad would be a struggle over the pieces between the
493:
Knigge's recruitment from German Freemasonry was far from random. He targeted the masters and wardens, the men who ran the lodges, and were often able to place the entire lodge at the disposal of the Illuminati. In
342:
Having, with difficulty, dissuaded some of his members from joining the Freemasons, Weishaupt decided to join the older order to acquire material to expand his own ritual. He was admitted to lodge "Prudence" of the
1895:
629:, but valued their own freedom too highly to be caught in another restrictive organisation. Even Ditfurth, the supposed representative of the Illuminati at Wilhelmsbad, had pursued his own agenda at the convent.
5143:
157:, in 1784, 1785, 1787 and 1790. During subsequent years, the group was generally vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed that the Illuminati continued underground and were responsible for the
1043:
shortly after copies published in Europe arrived by ship in March of that year. Other anti-Illuminati writers, such as Timothy Dwight, soon followed in their condemnation of the imagined group of conspirators.
272:
expensive, and not open to his ideas, he founded his own society which was to have a system of ranks or grades based on those in Freemasonry, but with his own agenda. His original name for the new order was
5753:
5743:
5730:
582:
between the two orders was rejected by Weishaupt, who saw no point in an alliance with a dying order. His new plan was to recruit the masons opposed to the "Templar" higher degree of the Strict Observance.
326:. By the end of summer 1778 the order had 27 members (still counting Massenhausen) in 5 commands; Munich (Athens), Ingolstadt (Eleusis), Ravensberg (Sparta), Freysingen (Thebes), and Eichstaedt (Erzurum).
5338:
3898:
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who mistrusted Martinism. Bode, who was repelled by Martinism, immediately entered negotiations with Knigge and finally joined the Illuminati in January 1783. Charles of Hesse joined the following month.
3964:
141:. "The order of the day," they wrote in their general statutes, "is to put an end to the machinations of the purveyors of injustice, to control them without dominating them." The Illuminatiâalong with
363:. It was founded in Munich on 21 March 1779 and quickly packed with Illuminati. The first master, a man called Radl, was persuaded to return home to Baden and by July Weishaupt's order ran the lodge.
2667:
5701:
4787:
4383:
322:
With the departure of Massenhausen, Zwack immediately applied himself to recruiting more mature and important recruits. Most prized by Weishaupt was Hertel, a childhood friend and a canon of the
4378:
5690:
6062:
4195:
3880:
480:
Class II â The Masonic grades. The three "blue lodge" grades of Apprentice, Companion and Master were separated from the higher "Scottish" grades of Scottish Novice and Scottish Knight.
277:, or Covenant of Perfectibility (Perfectibilists); he later changed it because it sounded too strange. On 1 May 1776, Weishaupt and four students formed the Perfectibilists, taking the
4772:
921:
6057:
4150:
641:
Although their hopes of mass recruitment through Freemasonry had been frustrated, the Illuminati continued to recruit well at an individual level. In Bavaria, the succession of
4133:
3886:
6072:
5575:
4390:
541:
Delayed from 15 October 1781, the last convention of the Strict Observance finally opened on 16 July 1782 in the spa town of Wilhelmsbad on the outskirts of (now part of)
521:
to the British throne as the true Grand Master and the lodges of the Strict Observance all but ignored their Grand Master. This impasse led to the Convent of Wilhelmsbad.
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3856:
3832:
1051:. The subsequent panic also contributed to the development of gothic literature in the United States. At least two novels from the period make reference to the crisis:
5601:
4348:
4321:
304:
Massenhausen proved initially the most active in expanding the society. Significantly, while studying in Munich shortly after the formation of the order, he recruited
6067:
4949:
3958:
2555:
686:
3820:
5748:
4261:
3934:
3928:
3219:
1948:
1000:
6087:
5616:
5549:
4650:
3303:
2211:
Proofs of a Conspiracy Against All the Religions and Governments of Europe, Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Free Masons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies
5560:
4669:
3067:
2895:
617:
1805:
Julia, and the illuminated baron: a novel: founded on recent facts, which have transpired in the course of the late revolution of moral principles in France
5596:
4200:
4190:
2639:
1012:
publicised the theory that the Illuminati had survived and represented an ongoing international conspiracy. This included the claim that it was behind the
706:
550:
514:
6107:
6092:
4877:
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1865:
2713:
818:
5565:
5330:
4366:
4256:
3994:
3612:
2797:
1922:
1048:
330:
character of all his members, his favourites becoming members of the ruling council, or Areopagus. Some novices were permitted to recruit, becoming
6082:
4640:
2660:
2625:
974:
resulted in the banned order losing key academic and church positions. In Ingolstadt, the Jesuit heads of department were replaced by Illuminati.
690:
513:), openly suspected of trying to absorb the rite into the Swedish Rite, which he already controlled. The German lodges looked for leadership to
5409:
5027:
694:
5685:
5813:
5677:
5313:
4734:
4701:
4360:
3808:
3714:
3025:
2443:
2188:
2145:
2119:
2007:
1905:
1845:
1706:
1655:
1630:
1245:
1122:
944:
and other suspected Illuminati, and their campaign of denunciation within Freemasonry completely shut down Illuminati recruitment in Tyrol.
6097:
5621:
5606:
5391:
4829:
4354:
3910:
2969:
2699:
2583:
2400:
2305:
978:
698:
642:
360:
150:
5586:
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4971:
4938:
4608:
3207:
1171:
1102:
197:
31:
5878:
5696:
5611:
4762:
4706:
4121:
2098:
1187:
569:, who was horrified by Martinism, but whose proposed alternatives were as yet unformed, and Franz Dietrich von Ditfurth, a judge from
3095:
756:
5706:
5220:
4661:
4524:
3296:
1789:
789:
3982:
646:
the church among the educated classes, which provided a perfect recruiting ground for the Illuminati. A number of Freemasons from
5636:
5419:
5090:
4887:
4839:
4458:
4249:
4100:
3564:
2264:
1592:
1167:
1151:
calling itself the Illuminati. Conspiracy theorists have claimed that many notable people were or are members of the Illuminati.
5914:
5835:
5537:
5185:
4932:
4904:
4529:
4507:
4414:
3988:
3814:
3720:
3039:
1152:
917:
6102:
5804:
5532:
4729:
4625:
3664:
3387:
2790:
1053:
910:
876:
833:
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Printed sermons were followed by newspaper accounts and these figured in the partisan political discourse leading up to the
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almost doubled from 31 to 61 members. Reaction to state Catholicism led to gains in Austria and footholds were obtained in
109:, 'enlightened') is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically, the name usually refers to the
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In Austria, the Illuminati were blamed for anti-religious pamphlets that had recently appeared. The Rosicrucians spied on
654:, joined lodge Theodore, who set themselves up in a gardened mansion which contained their library of liberal literature.
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by Reverend Seth Payson, published in 1802. Some of the response to this was critical, for example Jean-Joseph Mounier's
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1808:. Portsmouth, New-Hampshire: Printed at the United States' Oracle Press, by Charles Peirce, (proprietor of the work.).
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practice the lodges were almost independent. The Germans also adopted the name of the French order of Willermoz, les
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Ed Josef WĂ€ges and Reinhard Markner, tr Jeva Singh-Anand, The Secret School of Wisdom, Lewis Masonic 2015, pp. 15â16
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On 20 January 1782, Knigge tabulated his new system of grades for the order. These were arranged in three classes:
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709:(already mentioned), his chief assistant in masonic matters, Johann Friedrich von Schwarz and Count Metternich of
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1016:. Both books proved to be very popular, spurring reprints and paraphrases by others. A prime example of this is
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On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-Masons, and to the Illuminati on the Revolution of France
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On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-Masons, and to the Illuminati on the Revolution of France
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Other theorists contend that a variety of historical events were orchestrated by the Illuminati, from the
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Weishaupt responded by privately slandering his perceived enemies in letters to his perceived friends.
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The next step involved independence from their Grand Lodge. By establishing masonic relations with the
319:, taking no further interest in the order. At this time, the order had a nominal membership of twelve.
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1121:, as seen on the US $ 1 bill, has been perceived by some to be evidence of a conspiracy linking the
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Illuminati circles in the rest of Germany expanded. While some had only modest gains, the circle in
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Stauffer, Vernon (1918). "New England and the Bavarian Illuminati." PhD diss., Columbia Univ.
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perched on a book was an emblem used by the Bavarian Illuminati in their "Minerval" degree.
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1900:. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1753:"Conspiracy, Pornography, Democracy: The Recurrent Aesthetics of the American Illuminati"
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was now in a critical state. Its nominal leader was Prince Carl of Södermanland (later
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Class I â The nursery, consisting of the Noviciate, the Minerval and Illuminatus minor.
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as their symbol. The members were to use aliases within the society. Weishaupt became
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query give a picture of the selection of "Ordensnamen" borrowed usually from history
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173:
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Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs
1113:
293:. Weishaupt later expelled Sutor for indolence. In April 1778, the order became the
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At all costs, Weishaupt wished to keep the existence of the order secret from the
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1997:
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1479:, Journal of the Western Mystery Tradition, No. 23, Vol. 3. Autumnal Equinox 2012
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and its attached lodges. Through this mouthpiece, the Illuminati were accused of
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The works of Robison and Barruel made their way to the United States and across
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were all enrolled. In Vienna, Count Brigido, governor of Galicia, Count Leopold
678:
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901:, who already had a considerable foothold in German Freemasonry. While clearly
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in the park at Wilhelmsbad, venue for the last convent of the Strict Observance
43:
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2265:"Illuminati Conspiracy Part One: A Precise Exegesis on the Available Evidence"
1768:
517:. Suspicion turned to open contempt when it transpired that Carl regarded the
391:
297:, or Order of Illuminati, after Weishaupt had seriously contemplated the name
185:
2136:
Markner, Reinhold; Neugebauer-Wölk, Monika; SchĂŒttler, Hermann, eds. (2005).
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2017:
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had a very low opinion of the rationalist higher grades of the Illuminati.
427:, meeting and enjoying the hospitality of other Illuminati on his journey.
17:
2654:
Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
2283:
1595:. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. & A.M. Archived from
1318:
Geheimbund und Utopie. Illuminaten, Freimaurer und deutsche SpÀtaufklÀrung
5799:
5454:
4543:
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1951:. The Best of Rush Limbaugh Featured Sites. 1 August 2009. Archived from
1826:
Weishaupt, Adam. The Illuminati Series. Hyperreality Books, 2011. 6 vols.
1803:
1558:
1474:
1330:
244:
in 1773. He was the only non-clerical professor at an institution run by
30:
This article is about the secret society. For the conspiracy theory, see
1290:
Pythagoras oder Betrachtungen ĂŒber die geheime Welt- und Regierungskunst
285:. Law students Massenhausen, Bauhof, Merz and Sutor became respectively
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1923:"United States Presidents and The Illuminati / Masonic Power Structure"
1792:, pp. 282â283, 304â305, 307, 317, 321, 345â360. Retrieved July 14, 2019
971:
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608:
570:
458:
316:
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1277:, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon, accessed 14 November 2015
1091:
links to the Bavarian Illuminati as a means of attracting membership.
5794:
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702:
662:
495:
420:
245:
1897:
A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America
1147:
propose that world events are being controlled and manipulated by a
1675:
Proofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, Of Illuminism
1389:, Man, Myth and Magic (partwork), Purnell, 1970, vol 4, pp. 1402â04
1018:
Proofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, Of Illuminism
5968:
5666:
5138:
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1999:
Perfectibilists: The 18th Century Bavarian Order of the Illuminati
1365:
Perfectibilists: The 18th Century Bavarian Order of the Illuminati
1112:
674:
658:
542:
528:
390:
265:) through some sort of secret society of like-minded individuals.
216:
146:
103:
42:
2180:
Who Are the Illuminati?: Exploring the Myth of the Secret Society
1699:
The American Counterrevolution: A Retreat from Liberty, 1783â1800
1039:
by a letter from the Rev. John Erskine of Edinburgh, and he read
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2036:"Further Illumination: Burns Challenges Utt and Utt Responds"
406:
by Costanzo Marchese di Costanzo, an infantry captain in the
88:
73:
565:. The only dissenting voices to mystical higher grades were
2111:
Terrorism and the Illuminati: A Three-thousand-year History
1140:
have argued that the Illuminati have survived to this day.
353:
Grand Lodge of Prussia called the Royal York for Friendship
253:
regarded as liberal or Protestant. Weishaupt became deeply
94:
64:
2668:
Friedrich Ferdinand Constantin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1724:"'There has been a book written lately by DuMousnier ...'"
1563:
individual references and source attributions on each case
1981:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1576:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1546:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1514:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1460:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1434:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1418:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1400:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1352:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1305:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
1293:. Frankfurt and Leipzig: Frankfurt; Leipzig. p. 670.
1224:
Les Illuminés de BaviÚre et la franc-maçonnerie allemande
440:
ethos of the order at its inception had become a general
402:
Knigge was recruited late in 1780 at a convention of the
200:. Central to some of the more widely known and elaborate
79:
351:
With little difficulty, a warrant was obtained from the
2138:
Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens. Bd. 1, 1776â81
1648:
Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt Against Theory
829:
612:"eclectic" system of the Illuminati to take its place.
909:
was already a high ranking Rosicrucian and the mystic
137:, religious influence over public life, and abuses of
1103:
New World Order (conspiracy theory) § Illuminati
85:
67:
91:
70:
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82:
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2214:(3 ed.). London: T. Cadell, Jr. and W. Davies
2086:
1240:. Munich: Ars Una. pp. 48â49, 62â63, 71, 82.
1238:Die Mitglieder des Illuminatenordens, 1776â1787/93
1866:"Angels & Demons Causing Serious Controversy"
1226:, Paris, 1914, pp. 453, 468â469, 507â508, 614â615
650:lodge, disaffected by the Martinist rites of the
398:, the most effective recruiter for the Illuminati
145:and other secret societiesâwere outlawed through
1625:. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 128â29.
6063:1785 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2556:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2164:. Trans. J. Walker. London: W. and C. Spilsbury
1983:(in French). Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie.
1168:assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy
687:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3220:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
1170:, to an alleged communist plot to hasten the "
1001:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
3297:
2299:
1272:, Columbia University Press, 1918, Chapter 3
928:and revolutionary tendencies. In April 1783,
8:
6058:1776 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2071:(in German). Berlin: Hugo BermĂŒhler verlag.
1925:. Hard Truth/Wake Up America. Archived from
1802:Wood, Sally Sayward Barrell Keating (1800).
1548:, Paris, 1914, Book 4 Chapter 2, pp. 389â429
1420:, Paris, 1914, Book 3 Chapter 1, pp. 193â201
1402:, Paris, 1914, Book 1, Chapter 3, pp. 45â72.
834:introducing citations to additional sources
618:Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany
184:masterminding events and planting agents in
129:. The society's stated goals were to oppose
1650:. University of Chicago Press. p. 88.
1578:, Paris, 1914, Book 4 Chapter 3, pp. 430â96
1516:, Paris, 1914, Book 4 Chapter 1, pp. 343â88
1462:, Paris, 1914, Book 3 Chapter 3, pp. 227â50
1436:, Paris, 1914, Book 3 Chapter 2, pp. 202â26
1354:, Paris, 1914, Book 1, Chapter 2, pp. 30â45
1307:, Paris, 1914, Book 1, Chapter 1, pp. 15â29
50:(1748â1830), founder of the Illuminati
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770:. Please do not remove this message until
6073:18th-century disestablishments in Bavaria
2896:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
1540:
1538:
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790:Learn how and when to remove this message
592:Chevaliers bienfaisants de la Cité sainte
2798:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
2640:Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
1949:"The Barack Obama Illuminati Connection"
824:Relevant discussion may be found on the
766:Relevant discussion may be found on the
707:Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
551:Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
515:Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
257:, resolving to spread the ideals of the
2714:Leopold Friedrich GĂŒnther von Goeckingk
2661:Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2626:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1591:McKeown, Trevor W. (16 February 2009).
1270:New England and the Bavarian Illuminati
1199:
691:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
6068:18th-century establishments in Bavaria
1722:Jefferson, Thomas (17 November 1802).
1346:
1344:
1342:
370:lodge in Frankfurt, affiliated to the
2140:(in German). TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer.
2034:Burns, James; Utt, Walter C. (1980).
1746:
1744:
1155:are a common target for such claims.
1123:Founding Fathers of the United States
693:with his brother and later successor
7:
6088:Organizations disestablished in 1785
2970:Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda
2700:Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg
2584:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
2401:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
2267:. Conspiracy Archive. Archived from
1921:Howard, Robert (28 September 2001).
1836:Issitt, Micah; Main, Carlyn (2014).
1701:. Stackpole Books. pp. 351â53.
1367:, Trine Day, 2009, pp. 361, 364, 428
1335:Timeline of names used by Illuminati
699:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
361:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
151:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
27:18th-century Bavarian secret society
4939:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
3208:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3068:Johan Philip Stadion von Warthausen
1320:, Oldenbourg, Munich, 1987, p. 150.
359:, with the intention of flattering
32:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
5697:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax
2444:August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg
1868:. KFSN-TV/ABC News. Archived from
1188:Esotericism in Germany and Austria
164:It attracted literary men such as
25:
6108:Freemasonry-related controversies
6093:Organizations established in 1776
5339:Western-backed Iranian Revolution
5221:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory
5071:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry
2263:Melanson, Terry (5 August 2005).
2068:Geschichte des Illuminaten-ordens
1623:The Mythology of Secret Societies
1088:Perfect Pontiff of the Illuminati
916:The Prussian Rosicrucians, under
4798:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw
4735:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning
4101:South African Airways Flight 295
3264:
3251:
3250:
1751:Fraser, Gordon (November 2018).
1729:. Letter to Nicolas Gouin Dufief
1059:Julia, and the Illuminated Baron
817:relies largely or entirely on a
806:
745:
232:(1748â1830) became professor of
153:, with the encouragement of the
60:
5382:Petrograd Military Organization
4905:International Jewish conspiracy
4753:Race, religion and/or ethnicity
4415:Denial of the 7 October attacks
4240:California drought manipulation
1678:. Charlestown: Samuel Etheridge
1153:Presidents of the United States
1073:Several recent and present-day
1049:1800 U.S. presidential election
196:, influence and to establish a
6083:Organisations based in Bavaria
5331:Israel-related animal theories
3026:Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim
2002:. Walterville, OR: Trine Day.
1593:"A Bavarian Illuminati Primer"
1054:Ormond; or, The Secret Witness
981:and his government banned all
911:Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel
555:Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel
535:Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel
372:Premier Grand Lodge of England
1:
5493:First Catilinarian conspiracy
4535:Ideology in incel communities
3235:Illuminati in popular culture
2854:Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse
2514:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
2229:"Illuminating the Illuminati"
1109:Illuminati in popular culture
725:There were notable failures.
567:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
461:having accomplished nothing.
355:and the new lodge was called
5859:Freeman on the land movement
5749:Maricopa County ballot audit
5707:"Vast right-wing conspiracy"
4134:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
3418:Global catastrophe scenarios
3096:François-Charles de VelbrĂŒck
3040:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
1211:The Society of Enlightenment
918:Johann Christoph von Wöllner
357:Theodore of the Good Council
6098:Secret societies in Germany
6023:Science by press conference
5996:Online youth radicalization
5915:Ted CruzâZodiac Killer meme
5602:CIA assistance to bin Laden
5245:(outside the United States)
4409:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
4355:Mozambican presidential jet
4095:United Air Lines Flight 553
3626:Interdimensional hypothesis
3322:List of conspiracy theories
3005:Christian Gotthilf Salzmann
2956:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
2903:Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
2633:Johann Georg Heinrich Feder
2465:Aloys Basselet von La Rosée
2242:(3, MayâJune): 16â19, 26â28
2108:Livingstone, David (2011).
1979:Le Forestier, René (1914).
1779:– via Cambridge Core.
1757:Journal of American Studies
1477:In Search of the Illuminati
1236:SchĂŒttler, Hermann (1991).
772:conditions to do so are met
731:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
575:Joseph of the Three Helmets
36:Illuminati (disambiguation)
6124:
5307:Middle East / North Africa
4707:oral polio AIDS hypothesis
2984:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
2840:Franz Michael Leuchsenring
2826:Christian Gottfried Körner
2763:Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
2742:August Adolph von Hennings
2728:Karl August von Hardenberg
2707:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2605:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
1213:(Polity Press 1992) p. 110
1106:
1100:
737:Conflict with Rosicrucians
166:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
29:
5942:
5931:
5785:
5774:
5171:
5160:
4758:
4747:
4577:
4566:
4439:
4428:
4293:
4279:
4230:
4217:
3777:
3772:Deaths and disappearances
3766:
3637:Estimate of the Situation
3543:
3538:Astronomy and outer space
3532:
3339:
3328:
3319:
3244:
3164:Rite of Strict Observance
3061:Anton Matthias Sprickmann
3054:Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
2977:Christian Adolph Overbeck
2931:Johann Karl August MusÀus
2784:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
2486:Johann Joachim Bellermann
2417:
1769:10.1017/S0021875818001408
533:"Ruined" castle built by
507:Rite of Strict Observance
404:Rite of Strict Observance
345:Rite of Strict Observance
275:Bund der Perfektibilisten
121:founded on 1 May 1776 in
5836:Shakespearean authorship
5814:Shadow government claims
5617:Election denial movement
5513:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet
3965:Diana, Princess of Wales
3516:Psychological projection
3499:Mass psychogenic illness
3103:Franz Michael Vierthaler
3089:Johann Nepomuk von Triva
3012:Friedrich Schlichtegroll
2910:Maximilian von Montgelas
2812:Johann Friedrich Kleuker
2570:Hieronymus von Colloredo
2479:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
2430:Jacob Friedrich von Abel
2177:Porter, Lindsay (2005).
2085:Johnson, George (1983).
1996:Melanson, Terry (2009).
1287:Weishaupt, Adam (1790).
598:Aftermath of Wilhelmsbad
242:University of Ingolstadt
5953:Conspiracy Encyclopedia
5947:Argument from ignorance
5647:Philadelphia Experiment
5266:Avro Arrow cancellation
5091:Denial of mass killings
4773:COVID-19 and xenophobia
4257:Free energy suppression
3448:Urban legends and myths
3373:power behind the throne
3124:Lorenz von Westenrieder
3110:Wilderich of Walderdorf
2949:Christian Gottlob Neefe
2882:August Gottlieb MeiĂner
2749:Johann Gottfried Herder
2721:Johann Casimir HĂ€ffelin
2598:Johann Georg von Dillis
2394:Congress of Wilhelmsbad
2315:Order of the Illuminati
2227:Utt, Walter C. (1979).
2049:(2, MarchâApril): 21â23
1646:Simpson, David (1993).
1274:The European Illuminati
994:Between 1797 and 1798,
652:Chevaliers Bienfaisants
563:Jean-Baptiste Willermoz
287:Ajax, Agathon, Tiberius
170:Johann Gottfried Herder
5991:Historical negationism
5420:Operation Sledgehammer
5186:Cow vigilante violence
4878:during the Black Death
4065:Great KantĆ earthquake
3935:GEC-Marconi scientists
3881:Martin Luther King Jr.
3644:Lake Michigan Triangle
3613:Black Knight satellite
3474:Communal reinforcement
3388:Political conspiracies
3178:Enlightened absolutism
3019:Johann Georg Schlosser
2991:Karl Leonhard Reinhold
2847:Justus Christian Loder
2805:Martin Gottlieb Klauer
2756:Andreas Joseph Hofmann
2735:Lorenz Leopold Haschka
2612:Karl von Eckartshausen
2542:Joachim Heinrich Campe
2360:Freemasonry in Germany
1329:The following dynamic
1174:" by infiltrating the
1126:
1065:of the 1820s and 30s.
1037:Proofs of a Conspiracy
1010:Proofs of a Conspiracy
538:
525:Convent of Wilhelmsbad
511:Charles XIII of Sweden
399:
396:Adolph Freiherr Knigge
376:Adolph Freiherr Knigge
226:
51:
34:. For other uses, see
6103:Secularism in Germany
5719:Stab-in-the-back myth
5523:Clockwork Orange plot
5051:Bihar human sacrifice
4982:Stab-in-the-back myth
4805:German POWs post-WWII
4687:Germ theory denialism
4682:Electronic harassment
4403:Smolensk air disaster
4367:Oklahoma City bombing
4245:Climate change denial
4041:Accidents / disasters
3977:Nepalese royal family
3464:Attitude polarization
3082:Gottfried van Swieten
3047:Joseph von Sonnenfels
2791:Karl von Hesse-Kassel
2458:Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
2341:Liberalism in Germany
2114:. Progressive Press.
1672:Payson, Seth (1802).
1116:
1063:Anti-Masonic movement
942:Joseph von Sonnenfels
727:Johann Kaspar Lavater
532:
489:Attempts at expansion
394:
220:
46:
5790:Dead Internet theory
5291:Daktari Ranch affair
5076:Trojan Horse scandal
4454:anti-gender movement
4434:Gender and sexuality
4391:Madrid train bombing
4337:Lufthansa Flight 615
4025:Sushant Singh Rajput
3565:Apollo Moon landings
3469:Cognitive dissonance
3131:Franz Xaver von Zach
2889:Ludwig August Mellin
2493:Johann Erich Biester
2330:Age of Enlightenment
2156:Mounier, Jean-Joseph
1697:Tise, Larry (1998).
1136:and writers such as
1134:Conspiracy theorists
1080:Ordo Templi Orientis
830:improve this article
238:practical philosophy
6078:Conspiracy theories
5864:Redemption movement
5632:Georgia Guidestones
4915:Cultural Bolshevism
4554:Soy and masculinity
4224:Energy, environment
4128:EgyptAir Flight 990
3869:Lal Bahadur Shastri
3839:Subhas Chandra Bose
3313:Conspiracy theories
2917:Johannes von MĂŒller
2563:Philipp von Cobenzl
2549:Christian Cannabich
2521:Johann Michael Böck
2271:on 10 February 2011
1574:René le Forestier,
1544:René le Forestier,
1512:René le Forestier,
1458:René le Forestier,
1432:René le Forestier,
1416:René le Forestier,
1398:René le Forestier,
1350:René le Forestier,
1303:René le Forestier,
1222:René le Forestier,
1145:conspiracy theories
990:Barruel and Robison
930:Frederick the Great
759:of this section is
470:they administered.
324:Munich Frauenkirche
291:Erasmus Roterodamus
248:, whose order Pope
202:conspiracy theories
192:, in order to gain
111:Bavarian Illuminati
5959:Conspiracy fiction
5869:Sovereign citizens
5622:FBI secret society
5607:Clinton body count
5427:Gezi Park protests
5392:Ukraine bioweapons
5191:Greater Bangladesh
4933:Judeo-Masonic plot
4730:Water fluoridation
4697:HIV/AIDS denialism
4444:Alpha / beta males
4343:WiderĂže Flight 933
3821:WĆadysĆaw Sikorski
3560:Ancient astronauts
3271:Society portal
2833:Karl Heinrich Lang
2183:. Pavilion Books.
2089:Architects of Fear
1955:on 2 February 2011
1929:on 13 January 2011
1207:Richard van DĂŒlmen
1164:Battle of Waterloo
1127:
1125:to the Illuminati.
573:and master of the
539:
400:
227:
52:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5905:Birds Aren't Real
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5592:Black helicopters
5503:Mano Negra affair
5473:Itavia Flight 870
5410:2016 coup attempt
5314:In the Arab world
5246:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5144:Serbs during WWII
5061:Great Replacement
4919:Jewish Bolshevism
4835:War against Islam
4814:Product labeling
4783:French Revolution
4743:
4742:
4582:5G misinformation
4562:
4561:
4424:
4423:
4379:advance knowledge
4361:Pan Am Flight 103
4275:
4274:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4157:Yemenite children
3887:Robert F. Kennedy
3863:Lee Harvey Oswald
3845:Johnny Stompanato
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3715:Aztec, New Mexico
3618:Cryptoterrestrial
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3479:Confirmation bias
3279:
3278:
3185:Weimar Classicism
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
2875:Christoph Meiners
2770:Gottlieb Hufeland
2619:Rudolf Eickemeyer
2382:French Revolution
2190:978-1-84340-289-3
2147:978-3-484-10881-3
2121:978-1-61577-306-0
2009:978-0-9777953-8-3
1907:978-0-520-23805-3
1847:978-1-61069-478-0
1708:978-0-8117-0100-6
1657:978-0-226-75945-6
1632:978-0-684-12904-4
1599:on 1 January 2011
1316:Manfred Agethen,
1268:Vernon Stauffer,
1247:978-3-89391-018-2
1160:French Revolution
1119:Eye of Providence
1069:Modern Illuminati
1014:French Revolution
895:
894:
880:
800:
799:
792:
447:Illuminatus Minor
431:Internal problems
172:and the reigning
159:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
6115:
5974:pseudoskepticism
5933:
5842:
5776:
5727:
5612:Cultural Marxism
5244:
5173:
5162:
4962:Killing of Jesus
4910:Committee of 300
4893:Holocaust denial
4846:
4830:Tartarian Empire
4800:
4791:
4768:CERN ritual hoax
4763:Bhagwa Love Trap
4749:
4702:origins theories
4587:Anti-vaccination
4568:
4518:Transvestigation
4430:
4281:
4219:
4179:Body double hoax
4013:Alejandro Castro
3911:Pope John Paul I
3893:Salvador Allende
3827:Benito Mussolini
3779:
3768:
3721:Southern England
3679:
3622:Extraterrestrial
3591:
3553:Nibiru cataclysm
3534:
3489:Locus of control
3443:Secret societies
3341:
3330:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3215:Augustin Barruel
3210:
3203:
3201:Anti-Catholicism
3196:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3075:Maximilian Stoll
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3033:Nikolaus Simrock
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2998:Franz Anton Ries
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2933:
2926:
2924:Friedrich MĂŒnter
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2693:Friedrich Gedike
2688:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2507:Johann von Böber
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2437:Franz von Albini
2432:
2419:
2415:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2377:
2370:
2368:Anti-clericalism
2363:
2351:
2344:
2332:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2151:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2104:
2093:. J.P. Tarcher.
2092:
2080:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2040:
2021:
1992:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1588:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1557:See the dynamic
1555:
1549:
1542:
1517:
1510:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1414:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1363:Terry Melanson,
1361:
1355:
1348:
1337:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1251:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1075:fraternal orders
996:Augustin Barruel
983:secret societies
979:Charles Theodore
952:Internal dissent
890:
887:
881:
879:
845:"Rosicrucianism"
838:
810:
802:
795:
788:
784:
781:
775:
749:
748:
741:
717:, chancellor of
643:Charles Theodore
314:
306:Xavier von Zwack
295:Illuminatenorden
125:, today part of
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
21:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6032:
5964:Conspirituality
5938:
5919:
5883:
5874:Strawman theory
5840:
5781:
5758:
5725:
5686:Saddamâal-Qaeda
5662:Project Azorian
5642:Montauk Project
5544:
5528:Elm Guest House
5489:Roman Republic
5443:
5432:SĂšvres syndrome
5396:
5355:
5302:
5271:Leuchter report
5243:
5237:
5167:
5148:
5089:
5086:Genocide denial
5080:
5032:
4986:
4972:New World Order
4844:
4796:
4785:
4754:
4739:
4609:in chiropractic
4573:
4558:
4525:Finger pinching
4513:litter box hoax
4479:HIV/AIDS stigma
4435:
4420:
4397:London bombings
4289:
4271:
4226:
4225:
4205:
4174:
4139:
4083:Lost Cosmonauts
4036:
4019:Jeffrey Epstein
3995:Osama bin Laden
3971:Alois Estermann
3857:John F. Kennedy
3803:Louis Le Prince
3786:
3773:
3750:
3677:
3603:Alien abduction
3589:
3548:2012 phenomenon
3539:
3520:
3452:
3335:
3324:
3315:
3310:
3280:
3275:
3263:
3248:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3193:Sturm und Drang
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2861:Jakob Mauvillon
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2686:Christian Garve
2684:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2354:
2347:
2335:
2328:
2317:
2312:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2231:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2084:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2027:Further reading
2024:
2010:
1995:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1892:Barkun, Michael
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1864:(17 May 2009).
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1520:
1511:
1484:
1475:K. M. Hataley,
1473:
1466:
1457:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1266:
1255:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1184:
1178:film industry.
1172:New World Order
1111:
1105:
1097:
1071:
992:
967:
954:
891:
885:
882:
839:
837:
823:
811:
796:
785:
779:
776:
765:
750:
746:
739:
639:
600:
553:and their host
527:
491:
467:
433:
389:
384:
340:
308:
215:
210:
198:New World Order
194:political power
155:Catholic Church
63:
59:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6121:
6119:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6045:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Radicalization
6015:
6014:
6013:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5986:Fringe science
5983:
5981:Falsifiability
5978:
5977:
5976:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5879:Tax protesters
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5811:
5809:New chronology
5802:
5797:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5754:Stop the Steal
5751:
5746:
5741:
5735:
5733:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
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5674:
5664:
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5614:
5609:
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5573:
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5507:
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5487:
5486:
5485:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5448:Other European
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5377:Golden billion
5374:
5369:
5367:Alaska payment
5363:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5342:
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5333:
5328:
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5310:
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5101:
5095:
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5073:
5068:
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5053:
5048:
5042:
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5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
4997:
4995:
4993:Anti-Christian
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4898:Trivialization
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4843:
4842:
4840:White genocide
4837:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4812:
4810:Priory of Sion
4807:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4745:
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4709:
4704:
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4648:
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4633:
4628:
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4618:
4617:
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4614:misinformation
4611:
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4605:
4604:
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4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4496:Lavender scare
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4474:gay Nazis myth
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
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4440:
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4406:
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4394:
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4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4349:KAL Flight 007
4346:
4340:
4334:
4325:
4319:
4316:Reichstag fire
4313:
4304:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4273:
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4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4250:false theories
4242:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4196:Vladimir Putin
4193:
4188:
4186:Paul McCartney
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4122:TWA Flight 800
4119:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4089:JAT Flight 367
4086:
4080:
4074:
4071:Lynmouth Flood
4068:
4062:
4053:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3989:Benazir Bhutto
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
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3944:
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3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3905:Renny Ottolina
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3851:Marilyn Monroe
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3809:Lord Kitchener
3806:
3800:
3797:Zachary Taylor
3793:
3791:
3775:
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3460:
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3454:
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3445:
3440:
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3425:
3423:Hidden message
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3367:Ă©minence grise
3363:
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3347:
3345:
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3333:
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3238:
3231:
3224:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3157:Owl of Minerva
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3117:Adam Weishaupt
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2963:Franz OberthĂŒr
2959:
2952:
2944:
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2601:
2594:
2587:
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2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2528:Ignaz von Born
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2500:Aloys Blumauer
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
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2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2258:
2257:External links
2255:
2253:
2252:
2224:
2202:
2189:
2174:
2152:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2105:
2100:978-0874772753
2099:
2082:
2063:Engel, Leopold
2059:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2008:
1993:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1940:
1913:
1906:
1883:
1872:on 4 June 2011
1853:
1846:
1828:
1819:
1794:
1782:
1763:(2): 273â294.
1740:
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1195:
1192:
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1190:
1183:
1180:
1149:secret society
1107:Main article:
1101:Main article:
1096:
1093:
1070:
1067:
1033:Jedidiah Morse
991:
988:
966:
963:
953:
950:
922:"Three Globes"
893:
892:
828:. Please help
814:
812:
805:
798:
797:
753:
751:
744:
738:
735:
669:(Bratislava),
638:
635:
599:
596:
547:German mystics
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523:
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487:
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485:
481:
478:
466:
463:
442:anti-religious
432:
429:
388:
385:
383:
380:
339:
336:
279:Owl of Minerva
230:Adam Weishaupt
223:Owl of Minerva
214:
211:
209:
206:
119:secret society
48:Adam Weishaupt
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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5854:Admiralty law
5852:
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5798:
5796:
5795:NESARA/GESARA
5793:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5777:
5773:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5731:2020 election
5728:
5720:
5716:
5715:POW/MIA issue
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5702:TrumpâUkraine
5700:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5670:
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5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:BidenâUkraine
5585:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5557:Barack Obama
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5550:United States
5547:
5539:
5538:Voting pencil
5536:
5534:
5533:Harold Wilson
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
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5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5281:Casa Matusita
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
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5159:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5119:The Holocaust
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
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5092:
5087:
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5072:
5069:
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5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Counter-jihad
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5028:Giuseppe Siri
5026:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
5001:Anti-Catholic
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4980:
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4896:
4895:
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4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:Doctors' plot
4871:
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4861:
4859:
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4855:
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4670:United States
4667:
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4588:
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4583:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4569:
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4555:
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4550:
4549:Satanic panic
4547:
4545:
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4533:
4531:
4528:
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4523:
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4516:
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4484:United States
4482:
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4457:
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4305:
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4243:
4241:
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4236:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4202:
4201:Melania Trump
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:Avril Lavigne
4189:
4187:
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4170:
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4163:Elvis Presley
4161:
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4017:
4014:
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4008:
4005:
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3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3983:Yasser Arafat
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:Yitzhak Rabin
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3807:
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3798:
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3792:
3789:
3784:
3783:Assassination
3780:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3739:Alien autopsy
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
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3674:
3673:Project Serpo
3671:
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3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Pseudoscience
3431:
3429:
3428:Pseudohistory
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Crisis actors
3396:
3394:
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3378:
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2823:
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2819:Adolph Knigge
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
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2799:
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2623:
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2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:Anton Dereser
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:Ignaz Cornova
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:Karl Böttiger
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:August Batsch
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:Jens Baggesen
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
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2427:
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2413:
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2260:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:Robison, John
2203:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:Sykes, Leslie
1857:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1815:
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1668:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:Roberts, J.M.
1614:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:list for the
1560:
1554:
1551:
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1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
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1120:
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1038:
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1007:
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908:
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900:
889:
878:
875:
871:
868:
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
847: â
846:
842:
841:Find sources:
835:
831:
827:
821:
820:
819:single source
815:This section
813:
809:
804:
803:
794:
791:
783:
773:
769:
763:
762:
758:
752:
743:
742:
736:
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732:
728:
723:
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619:
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531:
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479:
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464:
462:
460:
454:
450:
448:
443:
437:
430:
428:
426:
422:
416:
412:
409:
408:Bavarian army
405:
397:
393:
387:Adolph Knigge
386:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
337:
335:
333:
327:
325:
320:
318:
312:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
266:
264:
260:
259:Enlightenment
256:
255:anti-clerical
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
224:
219:
212:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
179:
175:
174:Duke of Gotha
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:Enlightenment
112:
108:
105:
99:
57:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6028:Superstition
5951:
5823:
5807: /
5805:Phantom time
5744:"Pence Card"
5717: /
5711:Vietnam War
5676:
5637:Jade Helm 15
5578: /
5436:
5372:Dulles' Plan
5256:Andinia Plan
5231:Finland Plot
5217:South Korea
5211:Tallano gold
5207:Philippines
5038:Islamophobic
4991:Christian /
4967:Kalergi Plan
4957:Judeopolonia
4945:World War II
4937:
4923:
4917: /
4888:George Soros
4883:Epsilon Team
4858:Andinia Plan
4714:Lepers' plot
4668: /
4664: /
4656:turbo cancer
4542: /
4384:WTC collapse
4373:9/11 attacks
4329:
4322:Pearl Harbor
4308:
4299:
4114:
4107:Khamar-Daban
4077:Dyatlov Pass
4057:
4049:Mary Celeste
4048:
3947:Vince Foster
3833:Adolf Hitler
3697:Maury Island
3691:Dundy County
3663:
3654:Men in black
3636:
3624: /
3620: /
3575:Hollow Earth
3504:moral panics
3494:Manipulation
3386: /
3382: /
3365:
3255:
3228:John Robison
3218:
3191:
2777:Isaak Iselin
2314:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2244:. Retrieved
2239:
2235:
2216:. Retrieved
2210:
2194:. Retrieved
2179:
2166:. Retrieved
2160:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2110:
2088:
2081:(Wikisource)
2067:
2051:. Retrieved
2046:
2042:
1998:
1980:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:the original
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:the original
1916:
1896:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:the original
1856:
1840:. ABC-CLIO.
1837:
1831:
1822:
1804:
1797:
1785:
1760:
1756:
1731:. Retrieved
1717:
1698:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1674:
1667:
1647:
1641:
1622:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1575:
1570:
1553:
1545:
1513:
1476:
1459:
1433:
1417:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1385:Ellic Howe,
1381:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1237:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1157:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1098:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1006:John Robison
999:
993:
976:
968:
959:
955:
946:
939:
915:
899:Rosicrucians
896:
886:October 2022
883:
873:
866:
859:
852:
840:
816:
786:
777:
755:
724:
701:governor of
683:
656:
651:
647:
640:
631:
625:mystics and
623:
614:
605:
601:
591:
588:
584:
580:
574:
540:
504:
500:
492:
472:
468:
455:
451:
446:
438:
434:
417:
413:
401:
367:
365:
356:
352:
350:
341:
331:
328:
321:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
267:
262:
228:
190:corporations
182:
163:
135:obscurantism
131:superstition
110:
106:
102:; plural of
55:
53:
40:
6011:hate speech
5597:CIA and JFK
5576:"Obamagate"
5561:citizenship
5463:German Plot
5011:Popish Plot
4977:Rothschilds
4863:Blood libel
4850:Antisemitic
4786: [
4666:Philippines
4503:Recruitment
4288:allegations
4267:Red mercury
4151:Joan of Arc
4144:Other cases
4085:(1950sâ60s)
4031:John McAfee
4001:Hugo ChĂĄvez
3953:Kurt Cobain
3941:Turgut Ăzal
3937:(1980sâ90s)
3917:Airey Neave
3875:Harold Holt
3815:Tom Thomson
3733:Gulf Breeze
3727:Ilkley Moor
3580:Hollow Moon
3351:Antiscience
3344:Core topics
3171:Josephinism
2647:Junius Frey
2356:Freemasonry
2349:Rationalism
2196:21 November
2127:21 November
1972:Works cited
1057:(1799) and
1031:. The Rev.
1029:New England
935:Socinianism
679:Switzerland
519:Stuart heir
309: [
270:Freemasonry
250:Clement XIV
186:governments
143:Freemasonry
139:state power
107:illuminatus
18:Illuminaten
6053:Illuminati
6047:Categories
6001:Paranormal
5910:Li's field
5829:synarchism
5824:Illuminati
5819:Bilderberg
5691:Sandy Hook
5627:FEMA camps
5479:Lithuania
5324:Cairo fire
5296:Golpe Azul
5287:Venezuela
5252:Argentina
5104:Bangladesh
5066:Love jihad
4925:ƻydokomuna
4868:Cohen Plan
4778:Freemasons
4641:Ivermectin
4631:Chemtrails
4626:Big Pharma
4602:Thiomersal
4469:gay agenda
4464:drag panic
4449:Anti-LGBTQ
4286:False flag
3929:Zia-ul-Haq
3923:Olof Palme
3745:Morristown
3709:Twin Falls
3665:Die Glocke
3631:Dulce Base
3585:Reptilians
3570:Flat Earth
3457:Psychology
3393:Conspiracy
3361:deep state
2386:Jacobinism
2375:Secularism
2337:Liberalism
2275:28 January
2218:27 January
2168:27 January
1959:28 January
1933:28 January
1876:27 January
1733:26 October
1682:27 January
1603:27 January
1387:Illuminati
1194:References
903:Protestant
856:newspapers
757:neutrality
627:Martinists
559:Martinists
557:, and the
465:New system
338:Transition
332:Insinuants
263:AufklÀrung
56:Illuminati
6006:Prejudice
5900:Bielefeld
5888:Satirical
5846:Pseudolaw
5739:Italygate
5678:incidents
5652:Pizzagate
5571:parentage
5483:Statesmen
5415:Ergenekon
5349:Pallywood
5319:10 agorot
5227:Thailand
5201:Jinnahpur
5197:Pakistan
5124:Holodomor
5114:Cambodian
4621:Aspartame
4530:GamerGate
4491:Homintern
4459:Chemicals
4309:Lusitania
4235:Agenda 21
4169:Jonestown
4159:(1948â54)
4007:Seth Rich
3899:Aldo Moro
3735:(1987â88)
3659:Nazi UFOs
3484:Denialism
3413:Espionage
3403:Deception
2868:Beda Mayr
2077:560422365
2018:182733051
1989:493941226
1777:150279924
1176:Hollywood
1138:Mark Dice
977:Alarmed,
826:talk page
780:July 2022
768:talk page
667:Pressburg
425:Franconia
299:Bee order
283:Spartacus
234:Canon Law
178:of Weimar
5937:See also
5800:New Coke
5657:The Plan
5566:religion
5459:Ireland
5455:Euromyth
5438:Ăst akıl
5387:Rasputin
5242:Americas
5166:Regional
5099:Armenian
4651:vaccines
4646:lab leak
4636:COVID-19
4508:Grooming
3790:theories
3511:Paranoia
3408:Dystopia
3384:Criminal
3334:Overview
3257:Category
3149:See also
2208:(1798).
2158:(1801).
2065:(1906).
1894:(2003).
1814:55824226
1621:(1974).
1559:FactGrid
1331:FactGrid
1182:See Also
1166:and the
907:Kolowrat
761:disputed
715:Kolowrat
648:Prudence
561:, under
549:, under
484:written.
268:Finding
5580:Spygate
5509:Sweden
5345:Israel
5262:Canada
5134:Rwandan
5129:Nanjing
5109:Bosnian
5056:Eurabia
5016:Vatican
5006:Jesuits
4801:(1940s)
4719:Medbeds
4544:Gaylors
4540:Larries
4375:(2001)
4330:Liberty
4115:Estonia
4058:Titanic
3788:suicide
3703:Roswell
3608:Area 51
3438:Secrecy
2411:Members
2322:History
2246:24 June
2236:Liberty
2053:25 June
2043:Liberty
1082:, have
972:Jesuits
965:Decline
926:atheism
870:scholar
719:Bohemia
711:Koblenz
609:alchemy
571:Wetzlar
459:Prussia
317:Bavaria
246:Jesuits
240:at the
213:Origins
208:History
127:Germany
123:Bavaria
5693:(2012)
5672:Pastel
5499:Spain
5469:Italy
5402:Turkey
5360:Russia
5182:India
4950:Z.O.G.
4823:Kosher
4726:(2003)
4662:Canada
4592:autism
4572:Health
4417:(2023)
4411:(2014)
4405:(2010)
4399:(2005)
4393:(2004)
4369:(1995)
4363:(1988)
4357:(1986)
4351:(1983)
4345:(1982)
4339:(1972)
4333:(1967)
4324:(1941)
4318:(1933)
4312:(1915)
4303:(1898)
4171:(1978)
4165:(1977)
4153:(1431)
4136:(2014)
4130:(1999)
4124:(1996)
4118:(1994)
4109:(1993)
4103:(1987)
4097:(1972)
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4079:(1959)
4073:(1952)
4067:(1923)
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4052:(1872)
4033:(2021)
4027:(2020)
4021:(2019)
4015:(2018)
4009:(2016)
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3997:(2011)
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3907:(1978)
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3865:(1963)
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3847:(1958)
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3823:(1943)
3817:(1917)
3811:(1916)
3805:(1890)
3799:(1850)
3747:(2009)
3741:(1995)
3729:(1987)
3723:(1967)
3717:(1949)
3711:(1947)
3705:(1947)
3699:(1947)
3693:(1884)
3683:Hoaxes
3640:(1948)
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1095:Legacy
1041:Proofs
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703:Erfurt
695:August
663:Warsaw
637:Zenith
496:Aachen
421:Swabia
382:Reform
5969:Dogma
5780:Other
5667:QAnon
5335:Iran
5277:Peru
5139:Sayfo
5023:Bible
4818:Halal
4790:]
4677:Ebola
4300:Maine
4262:HAARP
3649:MJ-12
3380:Civil
2232:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
1773:S2CID
1727:(PDF)
1143:Many
1084:Epopt
877:JSTOR
863:books
675:Milan
671:Tyrol
659:Mainz
543:Hanau
368:Union
313:]
147:edict
117:-era
113:, an
104:Latin
5895:Acre
5176:Asia
4724:SARS
4692:GMOs
4328:USS
4307:RMS
4298:USS
4056:RMS
3595:UFOs
2277:2010
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2198:2017
2185:ISBN
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2129:2017
2116:ISBN
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2073:OCLC
2055:2011
2014:OCLC
2004:ISBN
1985:OCLC
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1935:2011
1902:ISBN
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1810:OCLC
1735:2013
1703:ISBN
1684:2011
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5519:UK
4660:in
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