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over the head of the participant, usually by another officiator, while similar words were repeated. As part of the ceremony, participants were ordained to become kings and queens in eternity. Men performed the ritual for men, and women performed the ritual for women. Also, as part of the ceremony, participants were given a new name and a
407:
divine promise: "Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin". The anointing of a person or object with sacred ointment represents sanctification and consecration, so that both become "most holy" unto the Lord. In this manner, profane persons and things are sanctified in similitude of the
284:
As the washings and anointings were practiced in Nauvoo, men and women were taken to separate rooms, where they disrobed and, when called upon, passed through a canvas curtain to enter a tub where they were washed from head to foot while words of blessing were recited. Then oil from a horn was poured
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Many symbolic meanings of washings and anointings are traceable in the scriptures. Ritual washings (Heb. 9:10) symbolize the cleansing of the soul from sins and iniquities. They signify the washing-away of the pollutions of the Lord's people (Isa. 4:4). Psalm 51:2 expresses the human longing and
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In response to a commandment to gather the saints and to build a house "to prepare them for the ordinances and endowments, washings, and anointings", these ordinances were introduced in the
Kirtland Temple on January 21, 1836. These modern rites are now only performed for LDS Church members in
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After the Latter Day Saints left Nauvoo, women continued to administer washings and anointings in their homes as well as in temples. The in-home rituals were part of a practice of administering to the sick. These washings and anointings were encouraged by church leaders of the time including
135:, in which participants are anointed as a "priest and king" or a "priestess and queen", and are sealed to the highest degree of salvation in LDS theology. This is the most secretive ritual practiced by Latter-day Saints, and most LDS adherents are unaware of the ritual's existence.
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Jesus washes his disciples' feet prior to his crucifixion. Joseph Smith published his own version of these New
Testament passages, adding new materials which said, "Now this was the custom of the Jews under their law; wherefore, Jesus did this that the law might be fulfilled."
247:, founder Joseph Smith led many of the prominent male church members in a pre-endowment ritual patterned after similar washings and anointings described in the Bible. This ritual took place over several days, beginning on 21 January 1836 in the attic of a printing office.
509:
John
Christopher Thomas describes this Old Testament practice, “This cleansing from bodily uncleanness was a symbol of putting away of the filth of sin; the washing of the body therefore was a symbol of spiritual cleansing, without which no one can draw near to God..."
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have existed in
Judaism for millenia. However, rabbinical scholars argue that these rituals served the purpose of removing impurity after activities that would make one "impure" such having contact with a corpse, or bodily discharge of a sick person.
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The frequency of second anointings declined after the turn of the century, and they were virtually eliminated under the authority of Heber J. Grant in the 1920s, to the point that modern
Mormons are generally unaware of the rituals existence
82:, and by an officiator of the same sex as the participant, is "mostly symbolic in nature, but promis definite, immediate blessings as well as future blessings," contingent upon continued righteous living. These ordinances of washing and
254:. Each participant washed their own hands, faces, and feet with water. After this, Joseph "girded himself with a towel" and personally washed the feet of each participant, wiping them with the towel. When he reached his father
258:, he asked his father for a blessing before he would wash his father's feet. Smith Sr. placed his hands upon Joseph's head, "pronouncing upon his head that he should continue in his Priests office untill Christ come."
172:). In addition, sacral objects associated with the Israelite sanctuary were anointed. Of equal importance in the religion of the Israelites were ablutions (ceremonial washings). To ensure religious purity,
353:, who were councilors in the Relief Society Presidency, administered to Abigale Leonard "for the restoration of health." Minute notes also indicate that Sister Martha Sessions may have laid her hands on
1089:
Doctrine and
Covenants of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Containing Revelations Given to Joseph Smith, the Prophet with Some Additions by His Successors in the Presidency of the Church
338:
officially sanctioned female healing in 1842. This practice continued in the LDS Church until at least the 1940's. A sick person was washed, anointed with oil, and given a
277:. On 4–5 May 1842, nine prominent male church members were inducted into this endowment ceremony in the upper story of Smith's store. The first woman (Smith's first wife,
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389:, the General Relief Society President at the time, discouraged the practice of female healing, indicating that it was likely still happening at this time.
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were used to sanctify individuals and objects, while washings were used for ritual purification. The LDS Church introduced washings and anointings in the
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to heal the sick. Smith said that God had sanctioned female healing by the laying on of hands and that anyone who disagreed should "hold their tongues."
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temples set apart and dedicated for sacred purposes, according to a
January 19, 1841 revelation that Joseph Smith stated was from Jesus Christ.
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Ritual anointings were a prominent part of religious rites in the biblical world. Recipients of the anointing included temple officiants (e.g.,
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Several years later, after Latter Day Saints moved to Nauvoo, Illinois, Smith revised the washing and anointing rituals as part of the new
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Like other temple ordinances, washings and anointings are also conducted on behalf of deceased individuals as a type of "
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the consensus was that healings should only be performed by
Melchizedek Priesthood holders (who are exclusively male).
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Soon after the temple's dedication on 27 March 1836, about 300 Latter Day Saint men participated in a further ritual
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In the following Relief
Society meeting, on April 28th, 1842, Joseph Smith said that anyone who has faith can give
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required that designated individuals receive a ritual washing, sometimes in preparation for entering the temple.
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Historically, Latter-day Saint women performed special washings and anointings to heal the sick and afflicted.
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In preparation for the temple endowment, a person, generally over the age of 18, is sprinkled with water, then
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with perfume or oil as a cleansing before God. Once washed and anointed, the participant is dressed in the
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67:. It was also part of the female-only healing rituals among Latter-day Saints until at least the 1940's.
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310:. This practice of washing and anointing in the home was curtailed in the 1880s and by the April 1921
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Smith's claim that the foot-washing was part of Jewish "law" is not supported by historical sources.
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The LDS Church states the origins of these rituals can be traced back to the biblical period, where
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are referred to often in the temple as "initiatory ordinances" since they precede the endowment and
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Footwashing in the Old and New
Testament, the Graeco Roman World, the Early Church, and the Liturgy
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set apart and dedicated for sacred purposes according to a January 19, 1841 revelation that
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called on women who were ordained to wash and anoint to get rid of a disease affecting the
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846:"A Gift Given: A Gift Taken Washing, Anointing, and Blessing the Sick Among Mormon Women"
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Buerger, David John (1987), "The Development of the Mormon Temple Endowment Ceremony",
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encouraged women to perform these healing rituals at home. However, by the April 1921
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These ritual meetings were opened by Joseph Smith praying, speaking, and even singing
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by Melchizedek Priesthood holders should be sought whenever possible. In 1946,
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is a Latter-day Saint practice of ritual purification. It is a key part of the
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Anderson, Devery Scott; Bergera, Gary James; Van Wagoner, Richard (2005),
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Abraham Bloemaert, Ritual Washing of the Israelites, 1606, NGA 56692
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937:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. pp. 35–37
618:"The Mormon Priestess: A Theology of Womanhood in the LDS Temple"
281:) was inducted into the endowment ceremony on 28 September 1843.
1001:
The Nauvoo Endowment Companies, 1845–1846: A Documentary History
165:
1051:
The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship
643:
The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644-1844
345:
One of the first recorded female healings took place at the
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in 1842. The modern LDS Church only performs these rites in
645:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 294.
553:
734:"Tum'ah: Ritual Impurity or Fear of Contagious Disease?"
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meeting on April 19, 1842. Sisters Sarah Cleveland and
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saying these washings and anointings were discouraged.
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in which symbolic marks were snipped into the fabric.
127:Washing and anointing also plays a key role in the
1192:Evolution of the Mormon Temple Ceremony: 1842-1990
808:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
698:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
683:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
1053:(2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: Signature Books,
910:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
866:
864:
1094:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
61:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
42:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
711:"On the Origins of Tevilah (Ritual Immersion)"
36:One of ten washing and anointing rooms of the
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357:to give her a blessing during this meeting.
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133:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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757:"Biblical Purification: Was It Immersion?"
554:Anderson, Bergera & Van Wagoner (2005)
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1211:1836 establishments in the United States
871:Stapley, Jonathan A.; Wright, Kristine.
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108:in 1836, before revising the rituals in
27:Temple ordinance practiced by LDS Church
1190:Tanner, Jerald; Tanner, Sandra (2005),
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616:Hammond, Elizabeth (November 2, 2015).
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804:Fredrick G., Williams (January 1833).
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55:ceremony as well as the controversial
1171:Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith
1068:Gaunt, LaRene Porter (June 1, 1996),
1020:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
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873:"Female Ritual Healing in Mormonism"
844:Newell, Linda King (December 1999).
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931:"Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book"
904:"Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book"
25:
1221:Latter Day Saint temple practices
1070:"Family History—Who Can Help Me?"
330:Use in LDS Female Healing Rituals
696:"Joseph Smith Translation (JST)"
641:Brooke, John L. (May 31, 1996).
433:
1:
1231:Ritual purity in Christianity
806:"Minutes, 22–23 January 1833"
342:by the "laying on of hands".
1049:Buerger, David John (2002),
780:"Red Heifer: A Soap Ritual"
694:Smith, Joseph (July 1833).
620:. Oxford University Press.
1247:
211:Cleansing rituals such as
1135:Encyclopedia of Mormonism
1130:"Washings and Anointings"
1128:Perry, Donald W. (1992),
877:Journal of Mormon History
314:, the consensus was that
441:Latter-day Saints portal
415:"anointed one"), who is
402:Symbolic interpretations
131:ritual practiced by the
1226:Latter Day Saint terms
1166:Smith, Joseph Fielding
970:, pp. 2:379–83);
239:were completing their
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80:Melchizedek priesthood
65:Mormon fundamentalists
59:ceremony practiced by
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1153:History of the Church
383:Joseph Fielding Smith
351:Elizabeth Ann Whitney
320:Joseph Fielding Smith
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49:Washing and anointing
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1216:1836 in Christianity
1140:Macmillan Publishers
1111:"Come to the Temple"
362:priesthood blessings
180:New Testament Period
164:), and kings (e.g.,
144:Old Testament Period
1109:(October 1, 2007),
1003:, Signature Books,
935:Joseph Smith Papers
778:Joseph, Weinstein.
681:"JST, John 13:8–10"
381:In 1946, President
340:priesthood blessing
316:blessings performed
287:ritual undergarment
160:), prophets (e.g.,
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908:Joseph Smith Paper
459:Holy anointing oil
376:general conference
312:general conference
302:. In one instance
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854:Sunstone Magazine
604:D&C 124:37–38
423:"anointed one").
387:Belle S. Spafford
385:sent a letter to
324:Belle S. Spafford
322:sent a letter to
293:Early-Utah period
237:Latter Day Saints
195:feet. Painted by
63:(LDS Church) and
16:(Redirected from
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256:Joseph Smith Sr.
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1026:(4): 33–76,
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984:Exodus 30:29
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939:. Retrieved
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1181:January 29,
956:Smith (1938
265:and faces.
44:circa 1911.
1205:Categories
1121:LDS Church
1080:LDS Church
1060:1560851767
1010:1560851872
992:References
252:in tongues
174:Mosaic law
102:anointings
18:Initiatory
883:(1): 1-85
95:vicarious
84:anointing
1168:(1938),
1150:(1904),
1042:45228107
941:July 16,
914:July 16,
887:July 16,
786:June 18,
763:June 18,
740:June 18,
717:June 18,
427:See also
191:washing
72:anointed
1116:Liahona
409:messiah
235:As the
214:tevilah
203:In the
193:Peter's
170:Solomon
139:History
114:temples
88:sealing
1096:, 2013
1075:Ensign
1057:
1040:
1007:
649:
624:
454:Chrism
417:Christ
413:Hebrew
162:Elisha
1038:JSTOR
849:(PDF)
470:Notes
421:Greek
189:Jesus
158:Aaron
1183:2010
1055:ISBN
1005:ISBN
943:2024
916:2024
889:2024
788:2024
765:2024
742:2024
719:2024
658:....
647:ISBN
622:ISBN
370:and
279:Emma
217:and
166:Jehu
1028:doi
243:in
40:of
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1174:,
1156:,
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1132:,
1119:,
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1102:).
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1024:20
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