778:
701:
803:
742:
525: in) long. The bundle-sheath is persistent. The buds are blunt pointed, up to 15 mm long, reddish-brown, and resinous. On vigorous shoots, there is more than one cyclic component. The bark is thin, reddish-brown to gray in color in juvenile stages. As the tree matures it becomes dark brown and flaky. The wood is moderately hard and heavy, weak, light brown colour. The seed cones vary in shape, being rectangular to oval, cone shaped, straight or curved inward. The
118:
302:
766:
73:
95:
49:
730:
754:
494:). This pine often forms pure stands on sandy or rocky soil. Many populations are adapted to stand-replacing fires, with the cones remaining closed for many years, until a forest fire kills the mature trees and opens the cones, reseeding the burnt ground. Other populations have not been shaped by regular stand-replacing fires and have reduced
498:. A population on the Maine coast is apparently not reliant on fire for reproduction, and some stands have developed several age classes. Populations with lower serotiny are often found on soils that are in some way limiting to faster-growing competition, such as soils shallow to bedrock, shallow to water table, or very young soils.
546:
Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it. That is an easy way to tell it apart from the similar lodgepole pine in more western areas of North
America. The cones on many mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat,
1273:
620:) release powdery orange spores in the summer and nearby trees become infected in the fall. Diseased trees show vertical orange cankers on the trunk and galls on the lower branches. The disease does not tend to affect older trees.
547:
greater than or equal to 50 °C (122 °F). The typical case is in a fire, however cones on the lower branches can open when temperatures reach 27 °C (81 °F) due to the heat being reflected off the ground.
485:
ranges from 9–22 m (30–72 ft) in height. Some jack pines are shrub-sized, due to poor growing conditions. They do not usually grow perfectly straight, resulting in an irregular shape similar to
501:
Its leaves are needle-shaped, evergreen, in fascicles of two, needle-like, straight or slightly twisted, stiff, sharp-pointed, light yellowish-green, spread apart; edges toothed and 2–4 cm (
700:
777:
1965:
1667:
1274:"Structure, Species Composition, and Soil Characteristics in a Chronosequence of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Stands on the Southern Shore of Lake Michigan"
1755:
1081:
1157:"Jack pine of all trades: Deciphering intraspecific variability of a key adaptive trait at the rear edge of a widespread fire‐embracing North American conifer"
1008:
Reports
Relating to the Project of Constructing a Railway and a Line of Electro-magnetic Telegraph Through the Province of New Brunswick from Halifax to Quebec
2055:
1940:
802:
2025:
941:
909:
1819:
1615:
1680:
1628:
1049:
1840:
1778:
1324:
1955:
1945:
988:
117:
2050:
2015:
1566:
1960:
2010:
1995:
1654:
970:
102:
631:). This disease manifests by yellowing at the base of the needles. Prolonged exposure may lead to eventual death of the tree.
2035:
2020:
1721:
543:–2 in) long, the scales with a small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth.
1685:
741:
716:
1742:
1088:
1045:
2045:
2005:
1866:
980:
574:
570:
1092:
2000:
1990:
1975:
1853:
976:
947:
914:
2040:
2030:
1980:
1970:
1760:
1716:
874:
793:
582:
1783:
1031:
249:
1858:
605:
1985:
1602:
1357:"Seed release by a serotinous pine in the absence of fire: implications for invasion into temperate regions"
1023:
673:
has use as timber, although its wood tends to be knotty and not highly resistant to decay. Products include
590:
586:
1607:
1594:
1589:
1470:
654:
415:
292:
276:
233:
1633:
555:
1412:
1195:
1770:
1540:
1508:
1581:
1340:
Cameron, H. (1953). "Melting Point of the
Bonding Material in Lodgepole Pine and Jack Pine Cones".
624:
62:
1734:
851:
1912:
1845:
1196:"Disjunct jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) structure and dynamics, Acadia National Park, Maine"
1156:
924:
765:
563:
419:
314:
112:
1904:
1672:
1804:
1527:
1394:
1376:
1320:
1293:
1254:
1215:
1176:
1137:
643:
635:
613:
217:
1809:
1384:
1368:
1285:
1246:
1207:
1168:
1129:
1041:
846:
1698:
936:
301:
1791:
984:
682:
411:
407:
1832:
1006:
900:
1950:
1827:
1389:
1356:
918:
753:
569:, depends on pure stands of young jack pine in a very limited area in the north of the
459:
142:
1355:
Wyse, Sarah V; Brown, Jerusha E; Hulme, Philip E (2019-11-01). Zenni, Rafael D (ed.).
1234:
1934:
1693:
837:
784:
427:
388:
82:
77:
31:
828:
729:
1917:
1532:
1211:
686:
526:
471:
443:
1871:
1708:
1315:; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Purinton, Terry; Block, Andrew (2008).
1894:
1747:
1729:
1641:
1502:
1289:
789:
720:
594:
423:
1312:
598:
487:
155:
48:
1571:
1493:
1380:
1297:
1258:
1219:
1180:
1141:
1553:
1372:
711:
431:
1884:
1398:
1879:
1487:
678:
674:
578:
495:
195:
1796:
1519:
1235:"Dynamics of jack pine at the southern range boundary in downeast Maine"
17:
1620:
1172:
1117:
653:
Fossil evidence shows the jack pine survived the glacial period in the
439:
185:
175:
165:
1194:
Conkey, Laura E.; Keifer, Mary Beth; Lloyd, Andrea H. (January 1995).
1646:
658:
403:
30:
This article is about the tree. For the painting by Tom
Thomson, see
1464:
1250:
1133:
961:
1659:
1558:
1317:
National
Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
435:
129:
1155:
Pelletier, Emmanuelle; de
Lafontaine, Guillaume (February 2023).
1545:
566:
391:
205:
1468:
1311:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Tufts, Craig; Mathews, Daniel;
1067:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p. 55.
438:, with the southernmost part of the range just into northwest
1116:
Gauthier, Sylvie; Bergeron, Yves; Simon, Jean-Pierre (1996).
1087:. Center for Wood Anatomy Research, Forest Products Library,
1118:"Effects of Fire Regime on the Serotiny Level of Jack Pine"
593:
counties. Mature jack pine forests are usually open and
1413:"USFWS: Managing the forest for the Kirtland's warbler"
1444:. 2001. Boston Mills Press, Erin, Ontario. pp 152-159.
581:
for breeding. Most known nesting areas are limited to
1233:
Barton, Andrew M.; Grenier, Daniel J. (April 2008).
1030:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1477:
1272:Chun, Young Moon; Choi, Young D. (October 2012).
808:Creeping cultivar of Jack Pine called 'Schoodic'.
634:Insects that attack jack pine stands include the
1442:An Eclectic Guide to Trees: east of the rockies
923:Note that this website has been superseded by
1052:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
852:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42346A2974230.en
426:, and the north-central and northeast of the
8:
458:hybridizes readily with the closely related
1436:
1434:
1432:
604:Young jack pines are an alternate host for
1465:
942:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
910:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
300:
93:
71:
47:
38:
1453:Trees of Canada; Author John Laird Farrar
1388:
1076:
1074:
850:
1005:New Brunswick House of Assembly (1847).
1966:Flora of the Northeastern United States
1050:United States Department of Agriculture
1000:
998:
819:
696:
321:
7:
1771:1b604c77-e3a5-44be-92f1-e174fc4251c7
2056:Taxa named by Aylmer Bourke Lambert
1941:IUCN Red List least concern species
1239:Canadian Journal of Forest Research
989:Australian National Botanic Gardens
838:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
623:Jack pines are also susceptible to
2026:Flora of the Northwest Territories
1319:. New York: Sterling. p. 68.
470:is after the English botanist Sir
25:
1859:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262801-1
801:
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
699:
116:
1278:The American Midland Naturalist
971:International Plant Names Index
1212:10.1080/11956860.1995.11682281
454:In the far west of its range,
1:
1063:Grimm, William Carey (1962).
1089:United States Forest Service
1046:United States Forest Service
669:Like other species of pine,
335:(Aiton) Sudw. nom. illeg.
1290:10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.408
981:Harvard University Herbaria
2072:
1956:Pinus taxa by common names
1946:NatureServe secure species
1161:American Journal of Botany
977:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
948:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
915:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
597:are often abundant in the
29:
2051:Trees of Northern America
2016:Flora of New York (state)
642:), jack pine sawfly, and
320:
313:
308:
299:
282:
275:
113:Scientific classification
111:
91:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
1038:Silvics of North America
398:Distribution and habitat
1961:Flora of Eastern Canada
606:sweet fern blister rust
466:). The species epithet
2011:Flora of New Hampshire
1996:Flora of Massachusetts
1082:"Pinus banksiana Lamb"
2036:Flora of Saskatchewan
2021:Flora of North Dakota
1373:10.1093/aobpla/plz077
881:. Arlington, Virginia
629:Gremmeniella abietina
610:Cronartium comptoniae
416:Northwest Territories
327:(Aiton) Dum.Cours.
1342:Silviculture Leaflet
1022:Burns, R.M. (1990).
873:NatureServe (2024).
845:: e.T42346A2974230.
747:Closed, mature cones
560:Setophaga kirtlandii
402:Its native range in
827:Farjon, A. (2013).
648:Choristoneura pinus
625:scleroderris canker
618:Comptonia peregrina
63:Conservation status
2046:Flora of Wisconsin
2006:Flora of Minnesota
1173:10.1002/ajb2.16111
1122:Journal of Ecology
937:"Pinus divaricata"
925:World Flora Online
556:Kirtland's warbler
420:Cape Breton Island
2001:Flora of Michigan
1991:Flora of Manitoba
1976:Flora of Illinois
1928:
1927:
1805:Open Tree of Life
1471:Taxon identifiers
1326:978-1-4027-3875-3
1065:The Book Of Trees
644:jack pine budworm
636:white pine weevil
529:are 3–5 cm (
379:), also known as
370:
369:
364:
356:Pinus sylvestris
352:
344:
336:
328:
268:P. banksiana
106:
86:
16:(Redirected from
2063:
2041:Flora of Vermont
2031:Flora of Nunavut
1981:Flora of Indiana
1971:Flora of Alberta
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
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1813:
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1787:
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1774:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1750:
1748:NHMSYS0000461703
1738:
1737:
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1724:
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1702:
1701:
1689:
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1191:
1185:
1184:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1091:. Archived from
1086:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1042:Washington, D.C.
1019:
1013:
1012:
1002:
993:
992:
964:Pinus divaricata
958:
952:
951:
933:
927:
922:
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
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824:
805:
780:
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756:
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703:
575:Upper Peninsulas
542:
541:
537:
534:
524:
523:
519:
516:
510:
509:
505:
362:
359:
350:
342:
334:
332:Pinus divaricata
326:
324:Pinus divaricata
304:
288:
121:
120:
100:
97:
96:
80:
75:
74:
56:Young jack pine
51:
39:
21:
2071:
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2061:
2060:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1820:pinus-banksiana
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1792:Observation.org
1790:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1706:MichiganFlora:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
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1580:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1509:Pinus banksiana
1507:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1479:Pinus banksiana
1473:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1251:10.1139/X07-176
1232:
1231:
1227:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1134:10.2307/2261476
1115:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1040:. Vol. 1.
1026:Pinus banksiana
1021:
1020:
1016:
1004:
1003:
996:
960:
959:
955:
935:
934:
930:
903:Pinus banksiana
899:
898:
894:
884:
882:
877:Pinus banksiana
872:
871:
867:
857:
855:
831:Pinus banksiana
826:
825:
821:
816:
809:
806:
797:
781:
772:
769:
760:
757:
748:
745:
736:
733:
724:
715:groundcover in
704:
695:
671:Pinus banksiana
667:
665:Commercial uses
659:Ozark Mountains
640:Pissodes strobi
553:
539:
535:
532:
530:
521:
517:
514:
512:
507:
503:
502:
483:Pinus banksiana
480:
456:Pinus banksiana
452:
412:Mackenzie River
408:Rocky Mountains
406:is east of the
400:
377:Pinus banksiana
357:
348:Pinus rupestris
340:Pinus hudsonica
295:
290:
286:Pinus banksiana
284:
271:
115:
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98:
94:
87:
76:
72:
65:
35:
28:
27:Species of tree
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2043:
2038:
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2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Flora of Maine
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:wfo-0000482353
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1462:
1461:External links
1459:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1440:Blouin, Glen.
1428:
1404:
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1332:
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1303:
1284:(2): 408–426.
1264:
1245:(4): 733–743.
1225:
1206:(2): 168–176.
1186:
1147:
1128:(4): 539–548.
1108:
1070:
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994:
953:
928:
919:The Plant List
892:
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794:Algonquin Park
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717:Neil's Harbour
705:
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562:), a formerly
552:
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479:
476:
464:Pinus contorta
460:lodgepole pine
451:
448:
442:and northwest
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389:North American
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1367:(6): plz077.
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785:The Jack Pine
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32:The Jack Pine
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1420:. Retrieved
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883:. Retrieved
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856:. Retrieved
842:
836:
830:
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783:
759:Pollen cones
710:
709:forest with
707:P. banksiana
706:
670:
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652:
647:
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612:). Infected
609:
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492:Pinus rigida
491:
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472:Joseph Banks
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246:Subsection:
238:
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222:
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156:Gymnospermae
149:
136:
36:
1833:kew-2563220
1730:NatureServe
1642:iNaturalist
1503:Wikispecies
1417:www.fws.gov
1313:Nelson, Gil
885:5 September
858:12 November
790:Tom Thomson
721:Nova Scotia
655:Appalachian
614:sweet ferns
595:blueberries
478:Description
424:Nova Scotia
385:scrub pine,
351:Michx.f.
103:NatureServe
1935:Categories
1902:WisFlora:
1828:Plant List
1422:2021-10-05
1361:AoB Plants
1200:Écoscience
1102:2010-12-27
905:Lamb."
814:References
796:, Ontario.
788:(1917) by
599:understory
564:endangered
488:pitch pine
360:divaricata
214:Subgenus:
162:Division:
42:Jack pine
1608:200005326
1595:200005326
1381:2041-2851
1298:0003-0031
1259:0045-5067
1220:1195-6860
1181:0002-9122
1142:0022-0477
985:Libraries
712:Vaccinium
468:banksiana
432:Minnesota
410:from the
381:grey pine
373:Jack pine
262:Species:
255:Contortae
253:subsect.
239:Trifoliae
230:Section:
176:Pinopsida
166:Pinophyta
126:Kingdom:
1892:VASCAN:
1885:24900179
1880:Tropicos
1735:2.137380
1673:11374888
1660:262801-1
1517:BioLib:
1488:Wikidata
1399:31844510
1048:(USFS),
1033:Conifers
675:pulpwood
583:Crawford
579:Michigan
496:serotiny
450:Taxonomy
363:Aiton
343:Poir.
315:Synonyms
196:Pinaceae
192:Family:
83:IUCN 3.1
18:Jackpine
1810:1075733
1717:MoBotPF
1621:5285533
1546:1033595
1494:Q806838
1390:6900966
735:Foliage
693:Gallery
683:decking
551:Ecology
538:⁄
520:⁄
506:⁄
440:Indiana
414:in the
202:Genus:
186:Pinales
182:Order:
172:Class:
130:Plantae
101: (
99:Secure
81: (
1841:PLANTS
1768:NZOR:
1722:284994
1686:183319
1582:pinban
1579:FEIS:
1572:150574
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1323:
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983:&
973:(IPNI)
944:(WCSP)
685:, and
591:Ogemaw
589:, and
587:Oscoda
404:Canada
237:sect.
221:subg.
1951:Pinus
1872:13057
1846:PIBA2
1817:PPE:
1779:NZPCN
1699:42346
1668:IRMNG
1647:58724
1634:28420
1567:EUNIS
1559:PIUBN
1533:4J237
1344:(86).
1167:(2).
1096:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
571:Lower
527:cones
436:Maine
430:from
387:is a
293:Lamb.
223:Pinus
207:Pinus
150:Clade
137:Clade
1905:4501
1895:7181
1854:POWO
1797:7192
1784:3063
1761:3353
1756:NCBI
1709:1922
1694:IUCN
1681:ITIS
1655:IPNI
1629:GRIN
1616:GBIF
1554:EPPO
1520:2331
1395:PMID
1377:ISSN
1321:ISBN
1294:ISSN
1255:ISSN
1216:ISSN
1177:ISSN
1138:ISSN
887:2024
860:2021
843:2013
771:Bark
679:fuel
657:and
573:and
567:bird
392:pine
358:var.
1913:WFO
1867:RHS
1743:NBN
1603:FoC
1590:FNA
1541:EoL
1528:CoL
1385:PMC
1369:doi
1286:doi
1282:168
1247:doi
1208:doi
1169:doi
1165:110
1130:doi
847:doi
650:).
577:of
434:to
422:in
418:to
383:or
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