469:
Daphne, near
Antiochia, Nebuchadnezzar received the Great Sanhedrin, to whom he announced that he would not destroy the Temple if the king were delivered up to him. When the king heard this resolution of Nebuchadnezzar he went upon the roof of the Temple, and, turning to heaven, held up the Temple keys, saying: "As you no longer consider us worthy to be your ministers, take the keys that you have entrusted to us until now." Then a miracle happened; for a fiery hand appeared and took the keys, or, as others say, the keys remained suspended in the air where the king had thrown them (Lev. R. l.c.; Yer. Sheḳ. vi. 50a; other versions of the legend of the keys are given in Ta'an. 29a; Pesiḳ. R. 26 , and Syriac Apoc. Baruch, x. 18). The king as well as all the scholars and nobles of Judah were then carried away captive by Nebuchadnezzar (Seder 'Olam R. l.c.; compare Ratner's remark ad loc.). According to Josephus, Jehoiachin gave up the city and his relatives to Nebuchadnezzar, who took an oath that neither they nor the city should be harmed. But the Babylonian king broke his word; for scarcely a year had elapsed when he led the king and many others into captivity.
304:
735:
from Adar of 597 BCE, the month
Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and its king according to the Babylonian Chronicle, but in the next month, Nisan, when Thiele assumed Jeconiah began the trip to Babylon. Granting these assumptions, the first year of captivity would be the year starting in Nisan of 597 BCE. The twenty-fifth year of captivity would start in Nisan of 573 BCE, (573/572) twenty-four years later. Years of captivity must be measured in this non-accession sense (the year in which the captivity started was considered year one of the captivity), otherwise the 37th year of captivity, the year in which Jeconiah was released from prison, would start on Nisan 1 of 560 BCE (597 − 37), two years
481:
which he gave to 300 vultures, so that he could be sure that
Nebuchadnezzar would never return to worry him ("Chronicles of Jerahmeel," lxvi. 6). Evil-merodach treated Jehoiachin as a king, clothed him in purple and ermine, and for his sake liberated all the Jews that had been imprisoned by Nebuchadnezzar (Targ. Sheni, near the beginning). It was Jehoiachin, also, who erected the magnificent mausoleum on the grave of the prophet Ezekiel (Benjamin of Tudela, "Itinerary," ed. Asher, i. 66). In the Second Temple there was a gate called "Jeconiah's Gate," because, according to tradition, Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) left the Temple through that gate when he went into exile (Mid. ii. 6).
565:
653:, since the 25th year of captivity would begin in Nisan of 573 and the fall of Jerusalem, 14 years earlier, would be in 587, not the 586 that Galil and Thiele advocate. There is further conflict with the Babylonian data, because the 37th year of captivity, the year in which Jeconiah was released from prison, would be the year starting in Nisan of 561 BCE, not Nisan of 562 BCE as given in the Babylonian Chronicle. Recognizing these conflicts, Galil admits (p. 377) that his date for the fall of Jerusalem (586 BCE) is inconsistent with the precise data given in the Bible and the Babylonian Chronicle.
609:, where Ezekiel, without naming the month, says it was the tenth day of the month, "on that very day." Since this fits with his idea that Jeconiah's (and Ezekiel's) exile to Babylon began a month later than the capturing of the city, thus allowing a new Nisan-based year to begin, Thiele took these words in Ezekiel as referring to the day in which the captivity or exile proper began. He therefore ended Jehoiachin's reign of three months and ten days on this date. The dates he gives for Jeconiah's reign are then: 21 Heshvan (9 December) 598 BCE to 10 Nisan (22 April) 597 BCE.
740:
since Thiele is assuming Nisan years for the captivity, this period ended the day before Nisan 1 of 586. But this is three months and nine days before Thiele's date for the fall of the city on 9 Tammuz 586 BCE. Even Thiele's assumption that the years of captivity were measured from Nisan does not reconcile
Ezekiel's chronology for the captivity of Jeconiah with a 586 date, and the calculation given above that uses the customary Tishri-based years yields the summer of 587, consistent with all other texts in Ezekiel related to Jeconiah's captivity.
662:
778:
copyist, aware of the 2 Kings passage, modified it and inserted it into the text of
Ezekiel. In his study of all biblical texts related to the Babylonian capture of Jerusalem, Young concludes that these conjectures are not necessary, and that all texts related to the fall of Jerusalem in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, 2 Kings, and 2 Chronicles are internally consistent and consistent with the fall of the city in Tammuz of 587 BCE.
29:
669:(Jeremiah 22:25–26. 'And I will give thee into the hand of them that seek thy life, and into the hand of them whose face thou fearest, even into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans. 26 And I will cast you out, and your mother that bare you, into another country, where ye were not born; and there shall ye die'. Illustration by William Hole, 1846–1917)
473:
the ancestor of the
Messiah (Tan., Toledot, 20 ). It was especially his firmness in fulfilling the Law that restored him to God's favor. He was kept by Nebuchadnezzar in solitary confinement, and as he was therefore separated from his wife, the Sanhedrin, which had been expelled with him to Babylon, feared that at the death of this queen the house of David would become extinct.
303:
1133:
790:
discovered a royal archive room of King
Nebuchadnezzar near the Ishtar Gate. It contained tablets dating to 595–570 BCE. The tablets were translated in the 1930s by the German Assyriologist, Ernst Weidner. Four of these tablets list rations of oil and barley given to various individuals—including the
774:
the captivity. The comparison with 2 Kings 25:1 would indicate that
Zedekiah's years in 2 Kings were also by non-accession reckoning. His eleventh year, the year in which Jerusalem fell, would then be 588/587 BCE, in agreement with all texts in Ezekiel and elsewhere that are congruent with that date.
773:
The ninth year, tenth month, tenth day in
Ezekiel is identical to the period in 2 Kings. In Ezekiel, the years are everywhere else measured according to Jeconiah's captivity, which must be taken in a non-accession sense, so that the beginning of the siege was eight actual years after the beginning of
720:
relates that a refugee arrived in
Babylon and reported the fall of Jerusalem in the twelfth year, tenth month of "our exile." Measuring from the first year of exile, 598/597, this was January of 586 BCE, incompatible with Jerusalem falling in the summer of 586 BCE, but consistent with its fall in the
640:
Because this offers an alternative explanation to Thiele's interpretation of Ezekiel 40:1, and because Thiele's chronology for Jeconiah is incompatible with the records of the Babylonian Chronicle, the infobox below dates the end of Jeconiah's reign to 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BCE, the date of the first
734:
In order to justify his 586 date, Thiele had assumed that the years of captivity for Jeconiah must be calendar years starting in Nisan, in contrast to the Tishri-based years that he used everywhere else for the kings of Judah. He also assumed that Jeconiah's captivity or exile was not to be measured
595:
captured Jerusalem for the first time on 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BCE. Before Wiseman's publication of the Babylonian Chronicles in 1956, Thiele had determined from biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem and its king Jeconiah occurred in the spring of 597 BCE, whereas Kenneth
480:
Jehoiachin's life is the best illustration of the maxim, "During prosperity a man must never forget the possibility of misfortune; and in adversity must not despair of prosperity's return" (Seder 'Olam R. xxv.). On the advice of Jehoiachin, Nebuchadnezzar's son cut his father's body into 300 pieces,
476:
They managed to gain the favor of Queen Semiramis, who induced Nebuchadnezzar to ameliorate the lot of the captive king by permitting his wife to share his prison. As he then manifested great self-control and obedience to the Law, God forgave him his sins (Lev. R. xix., end). Jehoiachin lived to see
312:
Jeconiah reigned three months and ten days, beginning December 9, 598 BCE. He succeeded Jehoiakim as king of Judah after raiders from surrounding lands invaded Jerusalem and killed his father. It is likely that the king of Babylon was behind this effort, as a response to Jehoiakim's revolt, starting
806:
1 1/2 sila (oil) for three carpenters from Arvad, 1/2 apiece; 11 1/2 sila for eight wood workers from Byblos ...; 3 1/2 sila for seven Greek craftsman, 1/2 sila apiece; 1/2 sila to the carpenter, Nabuetir; 10 sila to Ia-ku-u-ki-nu, the son of Judah's king; 2 1/2 sila for the five sons of the Judean
696:
Historians, however, have been divided on whether the year was 587 or 586 BCE. A 1990 study listed eleven scholars who preferred 587 and eleven who preferred 586. The Babylonian records of the second capture of Jerusalem have not been found, and scholars looking at the chronology of the period must
472:
Jehoiachin's sad experiences changed his nature entirely, and as he repented of the sins which he had committed as king he was pardoned by God, who revoked the decree to the effect that none of his descendants should ever become king (Jer. xxii. 30; Pesiḳ., ed. Buber, xxv. 163a, b); he even became
739:
the accession year of Amel-Marduk, according to the dating of his accession year that can be fixed with exactitude by the Babylonian Chronicle. Thiele then noted that Ezekiel 40:1 says that this 25th year of captivity was 14 years after the city fell. Fourteen years before 573/572 is 587/586, and
940:
New York: Doubleday 1997, 1992. "It is now known that the end of Jehoiachin's reign occurred on the 2d day of the month of Adar in the 7th year of Nebuchadrezzar (BM 21946 verso, line 12; see Wiseman 1956: 73; TCS 5, 102). This date corresponds to either March 15 or March 16 (the Babylonian day
777:
Some who maintain the 586 date therefore maintain that in this one instance, Ezekiel, without explicitly saying so, switched to the regnal years of Zedekiah, although Ezekiel apparently regarded Jeconiah as the rightful ruler and never names Zedekiah in his writing. Another view is that a later
724:
Thiele held to a 586 BCE date for the capture of Jerusalem and the end of Zedekiah's reign. Recognizing to some extent the importance of Ezekiel's measuring time by the years of captivity of Jeconiah, and in particular the reference to the 25th year of that captivity in Ezekiel 40:1, he wrote,
468:
Jehoiachin was made king in place of his father by Nebuchadnezzar; but the latter had hardly returned to Babylon when some one said to him, "A dog brings forth no good progeny," whereupon he recognized that it was poor policy to have Jehoiachin for king (Lev. R. xix. 6; Seder 'Olam R. xxv.). In
648:
Gershon Galil also attempted to reconcile a 586 date for the fall of Jerusalem with the data for Jeconiah's exile. Like Thiele, he assumed that the years of exile should be measured from Nisan, but for a different reason. Galil hypothesized that Israel’s calendar was one month ahead of that of
729:
Although the Babylonian tablets dealing with the final fall and destruction of Jerusalem have not been found, it should be noticed that the testimony of Ezekiel 40:1 is definitive in regard to the year 586. Since Ezekiel had his vision of the temple on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his and
649:
Babylon because Babylon had inserted an intercalary month and Israel had not yet done so. This would make Adar (the twelfth month) in the Babylonian records correspond to Nisan (the first month) in Judean counting. But this hypothesis, like Thiele's, runs into difficulty with
707:'s treatment of Jeconiah's dates are a starting point for determining the date of the fall of Jerusalem. He dated his writings according to the years of captivity he shared with Jeconiah, and he mentions several events related to the fall of Jerusalem in those writings. In
612:
Thiele's reasoning in this regard has been criticized by Rodger C. Young, who advocates the 587 date for the fall of Jerusalem. Young argues that Thiele's arithmetic is inconsistent, and adds an alternative explanation of the phrase "on that very day"
715:
were both using Tishri-based years, the 25th year would be 574/573 BCE and the fall of the city, 14 years earlier, would be in 588/587—i.e., in the summer of 587 BCE. This is consistent with other texts in Ezekiel related to the fall of the city.
697:
rely on the Biblical texts, as correlated with extant Babylonian records from before and after the event. In this regard, the Biblical texts regarding Jeconiah are especially important, because the time of his reign in Jerusalem was fixed by
644:
However, no such complication is necessary since the tenth of Tishri 574 BCE is precisely as stated in Ezekiel 40:1, both in the fourteenth year of the Temple's destruction in 587 BCE and the twenty-fifth year of Jeconiah's exile in 597 BCE.
460:. According to this concept, Joseph may have been a biological descendant from Jeconiah, but within Jewish law he would have been counted as a descendant of someone else due to the carrying of a brother's name through the Levirate marriage.
604:
Thiele said that the 25th anniversary of Jeconiah's captivity was April 25 (10 Nisan), 573 BCE, implying that he began the exile to Babylon on 10 Nisan 597, 24 years earlier. His reasoning in arriving at this exact date was based on
621:, always observed on the tenth of Tishri, and Ezekiel's writings in several places show familiarity with the Book of Leviticus. A further argument in favor of this interpretation is that in the same verse, Ezekiel says it was
307:
Clay tablet. The Akkadian cuneiform inscription lists certain rations and mentions the name of Jeconiah (Jehoiachin), King of Judah, and the Babylonian captivity. From Babylon, Iraq, c. 580 BCE. Vorderasiatisches Museum,
768:
So in the ninth year of Zedekiah's reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his whole army. He encamped outside the city and built siege works all around
641:
capture of Jerusalem as given in the Babylonian records. Thiele's dates for Jeconiah, however, and his date of 586 BCE for the fall of Jerusalem, continue to hold considerable weight with the scholarly community.
404:-based calendar. The 37th year of captivity was thus, by Judean reckoning, the year that began in Tishri of 562, consistent with the synchronism to the accession year of Amel-Marduk given in Babylonian records.
759:
Assuming that dating here is according to the years of exile of Jeconiah, as elsewhere in Ezekiel, the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem began on January 27, 589 BCE. This can be compared to a similar passage in
754:
In the ninth year, in the tenth month on the tenth day, the word of the Lord came to me: "Son of man, record this date, this very date, because the king of Babylon has laid siege to Jerusalem this very
336:
Jeconiah is said to have come to the throne at eighteen. Modern scholars have treated the difference between "eight" and "eighteen" as reflecting a copying error on one side or the other of the issue.
721:
summer of 587 BCE. The other side holds that since Jeconiah surrendered in March 597, January 586 is less than eleven years later and therefore can not be considered in the twelfth year of the exile.
556:. This Jeconiah is uncle of Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim (1 Chron 3:16), which the Jeconiah/Jehoiakim lineage was cursed (Jer 22:24,30). The Jeconiah/Josiah (Matt 1:11) lineage to Jesus is not cursed.
477:
the death of his conqueror, Nebuchadnezzar, which brought him liberty; for within two days of his father's death Evil-merodach opened the prison in which Jehoiachin had languished for so many years.
830:
730:
Jehoiachin's captivity (28 April 573), and since this was the fourteenth year after Jerusalem's fall, the city must have fallen eleven years after the captivity. Eleven years after 597 is 586.
420:
says: 'Record this man as if childless, a man who will not prosper in his lifetime, for none of his offspring will prosper, none will sit on the throne of David or rule anymore in Judah.
400:, Jeconiah was released from prison "in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month": this indicates the first year of captivity to be 598/597 BCE, according to Judah's
1187:
1450:
633:
12a,b) and the Seder Olam (chapter 11) also say that Ezekiel saw his vision at the beginning of a Jubilee year, the 17th, consistent with this interpretation of
1834:
984:
701:'s 1956 publication, and this is consistent with his thirty-seventh year of captivity overlapping the accession year of Amel-Marduk, as mentioned above.
321:
and assimilate them into Babylonian society. On March 15/16th, 597 BCE, Jeconiah, his entire household and three thousand Jews were exiled to Babylon.
1955:
1935:
1043:
According to James R. Critchlow, these modern scholars include Ray Dillard, Edward L. Curtis, Hugh Williamson, Sara Japhet, and Jacob M. Myers. See
2385:
1443:
2410:
1097:
1056:
967:
877:
629:
year, since only in a Jubilee year did the year begin on the tenth of Tishri, the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 25:9). The Talmud (tractate
364:, the author refers to Jeconiah as king and dates certain events by the number of years he was in exile. The author identifies himself as
1498:
1460:
1195:
1867:
1368:
1436:
564:
743:
Another text in Ezekiel offers a clue to why there has been such a conflict over the date of Jerusalem's fall in the first place.
661:
798:
10 (sila of oil) to the king of Judah, Yaukin; 2 1/2 sila (oil) to the offspring of Judah's king; 4 sila to eight men from Judea.
2400:
267:
988:, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). (
711:, Ezekiel dates his vision to the 25th year of the exile and fourteen years after the city fell. If Ezekiel and the author of
2380:
993:
959:
673:
The reign of Jeconiah is considered important in establishing the chronology of events in the early sixth century BCE in the
39:
791:
deposed King Jehoiachin—by Nebuchadnezzar from the royal storehouses, dated five years after Jehoiachin was taken captive.
2018:
2405:
2201:
1533:
820:
529:). Jeconiah is also mentioned in the first book of Chronicles as the father of Pedaiah, who in turn was the father of
456:
interpreted the two genealogies of Matthew and Luke to be referring to a biological offspring and an offspring from a
388:
came to the throne, and given a prestigious position at court. Jeconiah's release in Babylon brings to a close the
1476:
2171:
2166:
2344:
2146:
896:
892:
2246:
2151:
2395:
2236:
1860:
1813:
936:
498:
393:
127:
2216:
2083:
2038:
2329:
2288:
2283:
2266:
2231:
2136:
2063:
2053:
2278:
2261:
2241:
2191:
2181:
2013:
1950:
1940:
412:
Jeremiah (22:28–30) cursed Jeconiah that none of his descendants would ever sit on the throne of Israel:
2251:
2226:
2093:
2078:
2043:
686:
588:
2088:
2068:
2033:
596:
Strand points out that other scholars, including Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BCE.
2293:
2206:
2161:
2349:
2334:
2272:
2028:
2008:
318:
34:
2354:
2196:
2121:
1618:
534:
526:
2390:
2359:
2141:
1988:
1983:
1793:
1603:
626:
275:
2298:
2186:
2156:
2131:
1005:
2256:
510:
1853:
1829:
1768:
1743:
1728:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1588:
1150:
1093:
1052:
989:
963:
955:
873:
867:
678:
666:
592:
457:
453:
431:
314:
279:
247:
122:
2126:
2058:
1154:
1087:
1071:
1046:
1978:
1798:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1653:
1553:
1410:
1128:
1033:
825:
712:
396:. Babylonian records show that Amel-Marduk began his reign in October 562 BCE. According to
313:
sometime after 601 BCE. Three months and ten days after Jeconiah became king, the armies of
2048:
1365:
1237:"Evidence for inerrancy from a second unexpected source: the Jubilee and Sabbatical cycles"
1221:
924:
920:
854:
761:
2324:
2023:
1668:
1548:
1372:
1241:
1025:
787:
361:
329:
250:
in the 6th century BCE and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King
230:
219:
186:
175:
1298:
Gershon Galil, "The Babylonian Calendar and the Chronology of the Last Kings of Judah",
1259:
Leslie McFall, "A Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles,"
2339:
2314:
1808:
1481:
698:
572:
397:
389:
325:
235:
203:
195:
191:
49:
617:) in Ezekiel 40:1. This phrase is used three times in Leviticus 23:28–30 to refer the
384:, Jeconiah was released from prison "in the 37th year of the exile", in the year that
2374:
2319:
2221:
2098:
1788:
1783:
1733:
1166:
1137:
717:
682:
622:
381:
377:
349:
243:
941:
extended from sunset to sunset, and thus overlaps 2 days of our calendar) 597 b.c.e.
2073:
1778:
1673:
1563:
1471:
1387:
1089:
Beyond the River Chebar: Studies in Kingship and Eschatology in the Book of Ezekiel
1009:
747:
744:
708:
650:
634:
606:
545:
541:
443:
439:
435:
333:
259:
28:
811:
The Babylonian Chronicles are currently housed in the Pergamum Museum in Berlin.
2176:
1803:
1678:
1613:
1558:
1513:
1214:
674:
553:
385:
271:
1993:
1905:
1021:
618:
530:
64:
1428:
2211:
1945:
1920:
1910:
1895:
1748:
1488:
1403:
625:(New Year's Day) and also the tenth of the month, indicating the start of a
576:
502:
251:
153:
131:
103:
77:
2116:
2003:
1998:
1925:
1915:
1876:
1758:
1723:
1693:
1663:
1633:
1543:
1420:
835:
690:
522:
514:
494:
490:
357:
352:) was appointed by Nebuchadnezzar to rule Judah. Zedekiah was the son of
345:
163:
87:
1930:
1900:
1628:
1582:
1523:
1028:
versions state that his reign started at the age of eighteen. See the
704:
568:
518:
506:
447:
401:
365:
115:
1188:"Thiele's Biblical Chronology as a corrective for extrabiblical dates"
368:, a contemporary of Jeconiah, and he never mentions Zedekiah by name.
1973:
1738:
1713:
1708:
1643:
580:
549:
353:
255:
1236:
1638:
1568:
1518:
660:
563:
302:
1136:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1718:
1598:
1578:
1573:
1508:
1032:
for the Septuagint reading at 2 Chronicles / 2 Supplements 36:9
332:
states that Jeconiah's rule began at the age of eight, while in
263:
1849:
1432:
677:. This includes resolving the date of the fall of Jerusalem to
290:) and his five sons as recipients of food rations in Babylon.
1104:... Ezekiel never mentions a king of Israel or Judah by name.
831:
List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources
1845:
442:. If Joseph was the biological father of Jesus (contrary to
446:
belief), then Jesus could not rightfully claim to be the
274:
in Babylon and have been dated to c. 592 BCE. Written in
909:
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
317:
seized Jerusalem, with the intention to take high class
450:
as the curse of Jeconiah, if true, would apply to Him.
356:. Jeconiah would later be regarded as the first of the
258:. Most of what is known about Jeconiah is found in the
911:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 308.
1048:
Looking Back for Jehoiachin: Yahweh's Cast-Out Signet
838:, maternal grandfather who was a high court official
548:
records Jeconiah the son of Josiah as an ancestor of
262:. Records of Jeconiah's existence have been found in
16:
Biblical figure; 19th monarch of the Kingdom of Judah
685:, the city wall was breached in the summer month of
657:
Dating the fall of Jerusalem using Jeconiah's dating
2307:
2107:
1964:
1883:
1822:
1767:
1652:
1532:
1497:
1337:Rodger C. Young (2004). "When Did Jerusalem Fall?"
1276:(rev. ed.; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998) 257–259.
159:
149:
121:
109:
97:
93:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
21:
1173:(London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1956) 73.
1171:Chronicles of Chaldean Kings in the British Museum
1119:(Providence RI: Brown University Press, 1956) 12.
1315:(Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990) 229.
786:During his excavation of Babylon in 1899–1917,
414:
1218:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
344:After Jeconiah was deposed as king, his uncle
1861:
1444:
1230:
1228:
1051:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 12–13.
8:
1835:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
1287:From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology
1868:
1854:
1846:
1451:
1437:
1429:
1378:
1289:(St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 2011) 169, 172.
985:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings
246:who was dethroned by the King of Babylon,
27:
18:
1181:
1179:
1030:New English Translation of the Septuagint
1117:Babylonian Chronology 626 B.C. – A.D. 75
978:
976:
533:. A list of his descendants is given in
270:. These tablets were excavated near the
1375:, discussion of the Babylonian evidence
847:
1415:9 December 598 BCE – 16 March 597 BCE
1115:Richard Parker and Waldo Dubberstein,
1045:James R. Critchlow (15 January 2013).
489:Jeconiah was the son of Jehoiakim and
242:), was the nineteenth and penultimate
59:December 9, 598 – March 15/16, 597 BCE
497:of Jerusalem. He had eight children:
229:
185:
7:
1196:Andrews University Seminary Studies
1092:. Casemate Publishers. p. 12.
872:. InterVarsity Press. p. 362.
223:
179:
14:
866:John W. Olley (12 January 2012).
434:lists Jeconiah in the lineage of
1131:
952:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1274:Handbook of Biblical Chronology
430:Chapter 1, verses 11–12 of the
40:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
1:
2386:6th-century BC kings of Judah
750:(NIV) records the following:
2411:Monarchs deposed as children
1129:Jeconiah Jewish encyclopedia
665:Jeconiah submitting to King
540:In listing the genealogy of
268:Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets
821:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)
386:Amel-Marduk (Evil-Merodach)
254:, and the grandson of King
2429:
1215:"When Did Jerusalem Fall?"
283:
1477:Kings of Israel and Judah
1467:
1417:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1381:
907:James B. Pritchard, ed.,
278:, they mention Jeconiah (
199:
26:
1324:Parker and Dubberstein,
1235:Rodger C. Young (2008).
1086:Daniel I. Block (2014).
689:in the eleventh year of
464:In Rabbinical literature
1814:Antigonus II Mattathias
1366:Jehoiachin in Babylonia
1186:Kenneth Strand (1998).
937:Anchor Bible Dictionary
560:Dating Jeconiah's reign
394:Deuteronomistic history
231:[jəhoːjaːˈxiːn]
2401:Ancient child monarchs
2330:Jehoshaphat ben Josiah
809:
800:
782:Archeological findings
771:
757:
732:
670:
656:
615:be-etsem ha-yom ha-zeh
584:
428:
372:Release from captivity
309:
239:
207:
2381:7th-century BC births
1326:Babylonian Chronology
1285:Andrew E. Steinmann,
804:
796:
766:
752:
727:
664:
599:
589:Babylonian Chronicles
567:
559:
306:
294:Jeconiah in scripture
2350:Hezekiah ben Solomon
2335:Boaz ben Jehoshaphat
1313:Secrets of the Times
869:The Message of Kings
535:1 Chronicles 3:17–24
527:1 Chronicles 3:17–18
208:Iechonias, Jechonias
2355:Hasdai ben Hezekiah
1771:(Hasmonean dynasty)
1302:72 (1991), 373–377.
1074:Jewish Encyclopedia
425:Jeremiah 22:30, NIV
69:December 9, 598 BCE
2406:Dethroned monarchs
2360:Solomon ben Hasdai
1884:Biblical exilarchs
1794:Alexander Jannaeus
1656:(southern kingdom)
1536:(northern kingdom)
1371:2015-07-24 at the
1263:148 (1991) 40, 45.
794:One tablet reads:
671:
585:
493:, the daughter of
416:This is what the L
310:
194:has established";
187:[jəxɔnjaː]
2368:
2367:
2345:Solomon ben David
2308:Karaite exilarchs
2273:Samuel I of Mosul
1843:
1842:
1830:Jewish leadership
1501:(united monarchy)
1427:
1426:
1418:Succeeded by
1261:Bibliotheca Sacra
1220:47 (2004) 21–38.
1213:Rodger C. Young,
1151:1 Chronicles 3:16
1099:978-0-227-17440-1
1058:978-1-62032-111-9
1006:2 Chronicles 36:9
996:, 9780825438257).
968:978-90-5356-503-2
879:978-0-8308-2435-9
667:Nebuchadnezzar II
575:of Jeconiah with
552:, the husband of
458:Levirate marriage
454:Richard Challoner
432:Gospel of Matthew
319:Judahite captives
315:Nebuchadnezzar II
248:Nebuchadnezzar II
210:), also known as
169:
168:
101:c. 615 or 605 BCE
35:Guillaume Rouillé
2418:
1965:Exilarchs in the
1870:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1799:Salome Alexandra
1461:Israel and Judah
1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1401:Preceded by
1379:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1041:
1035:
1018:
1012:
1003:
997:
980:
971:
948:
942:
933:
927:
918:
912:
905:
899:
890:
884:
883:
863:
857:
852:
826:Kingdom of Judah
619:Day of Atonement
426:
419:
285:
240:Ioachin, Joachin
233:
225:
201:
189:
181:
113:after c. 562 BCE
31:
19:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2325:Josiah ben Saul
2303:
2167:Isaac Iskawi II
2109:
2108:Exilarchs under
2103:
2009:Nathan Ukban II
1967:Sasanian Empire
1966:
1960:
1879:
1874:
1844:
1839:
1818:
1770:
1763:
1655:
1648:
1535:
1528:
1500:
1493:
1463:
1457:
1423:
1414:
1406:
1391:
1384:
1373:Wayback Machine
1362:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1311:Jeremy Hughes,
1310:
1306:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1242:Bible and Spade
1234:
1233:
1226:
1212:
1208:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1019:
1015:
1004:
1000:
981:
974:
949:
945:
934:
930:
919:
915:
906:
902:
891:
887:
880:
865:
864:
860:
853:
849:
845:
817:
802:Another reads:
788:Robert Koldewey
784:
681:. According to
659:
602:
591:establish that
562:
487:
466:
427:
424:
417:
410:
374:
362:Book of Ezekiel
342:
330:2 Chronicles 36
301:
296:
144:
142:
140:
138:
136:
134:
130:
114:
102:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Jewish royalty
2393:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:David ben Boaz
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Anan ben David
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Judah Zakkai I
2149:
2147:Isaac Iskawi I
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Mar 'Ukban III
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Nathan Ukban I
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1809:Aristobulus II
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
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1649:
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1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:Kings of Judah
1474:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1396:Regnal titles
1393:
1392:
1388:House of David
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1361:
1360:External links
1358:
1356:
1355:
1349:"Jehoiachin".
1342:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1272:Jack Finegan,
1265:
1252:
1224:
1206:
1175:
1159:
1155:2 Kings 24:6–8
1142:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1078:
1072:"Jehoiachin",
1064:
1057:
1036:
1013:
998:
982:Edwin Thiele,
972:
950:"Jehoiachin".
943:
928:
913:
900:
893:Jeremiah 22:24
885:
878:
858:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
833:
828:
823:
816:
813:
783:
780:
699:Donald Wiseman
679:Nebuchadnezzar
658:
655:
601:
600:Thiele's dates
598:
593:Nebuchadnezzar
573:Sistine Chapel
561:
558:
486:
483:
465:
462:
422:
409:
406:
398:Jeremiah 52:31
390:Books of Kings
373:
370:
341:
338:
326:Masoretic Text
300:
297:
295:
292:
266:, such as the
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
125:
119:
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111:
107:
106:
99:
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90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
33:Jeconiah from
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2424:
2423:
2412:
2409:
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2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Saul ben Anan
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
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2200:
2198:
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2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
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2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
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2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2099:Mar Zutra III
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
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2027:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
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1990:
1987:
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1980:
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1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Aristobulus I
1787:
1785:
1784:John Hyrcanus
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
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1742:
1740:
1737:
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1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
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1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1682:
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1677:
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1672:
1670:
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1657:
1651:
1645:
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1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
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1617:
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1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
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1590:
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1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1411:King of Judah
1405:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1353:, 2000, p.678
1352:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1249:(1): 109–122.
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1203:(2): 295–317.
1202:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:D. J. Wiseman
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:public domain
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1076:
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1068:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:However, the
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
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953:
947:
944:
939:
938:
932:
929:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
904:
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
881:
875:
871:
870:
862:
859:
856:
851:
848:
842:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
792:
789:
781:
779:
775:
770:
765:
763:
756:
751:
749:
746:
741:
738:
731:
726:
722:
719:
718:Ezekiel 33:21
714:
713:2 Kings 25:27
710:
706:
702:
700:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:Jeremiah 52:6
680:
676:
668:
663:
654:
652:
646:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Rosh Hashanah
620:
616:
610:
608:
597:
594:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
555:
551:
547:
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516:
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492:
484:
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478:
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459:
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451:
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445:
441:
437:
433:
421:
413:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:2 Kings 25:27
376:According to
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:2 Kings 24:17
347:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
305:
298:
293:
291:
289:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:king of Judah
241:
237:
232:
228:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
193:
188:
184:
177:
173:
165:
162:
158:
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148:
133:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
112:
108:
105:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:King of Judah
47:
42:
41:
36:
30:
25:
22:King Jeconiah
20:
2247:Hezekiah III
2197:Mar Ukban IV
2074:Mar-Zutra II
2039:Mar Kahana I
1994:Huna I Kamma
1890:
1779:Simon Thassi
1753:
1472:Davidic line
1409:
1386:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1170:
1162:
1145:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1047:
1039:
1029:
1016:
1010:2 Kings 24:8
1001:
983:
951:
946:
935:
931:
916:
908:
903:
888:
868:
861:
855:2 Kings 24:8
850:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
785:
776:
772:
767:
762:2 Kings 25:1
758:
753:
745:Ezekiel 24:1
742:
736:
733:
728:
723:
709:Ezekiel 40:1
703:
695:
672:
651:Ezekiel 40:1
647:
643:
639:
635:Ezekiel 40:1
630:
614:
611:
607:Ezekiel 40:1
603:
586:
546:Matthew 1:11
542:Jesus Christ
539:
505:, Malkiram,
488:
479:
475:
471:
467:
452:
436:Jesus Christ
429:
415:
411:
375:
343:
340:During exile
334:2 Kings 24:8
323:
311:
287:
260:Hebrew Bible
226:
215:
211:
182:
171:
170:
38:
2237:Hezekiah II
2177:Natronai II
2054:Mar Zutra I
1804:Hyrcanus II
1679:Jehoshaphat
1614:Jeroboam II
1514:Ish-bosheth
675:Middle East
272:Ishtar Gate
224:יְהוֹיָכִין
190:, meaning "
74:Predecessor
2375:Categories
2299:Sar Shalom
2222:Hezekiah I
2217:Solomon II
2187:Hasdai III
2157:Natronai I
2132:Haninai II
2084:Mar Ahunai
1906:Zerubbabel
1544:Jeroboam I
1459:Rulers of
1022:Septuagint
994:082543825X
970:), pg. 678
960:9053565035
843:References
531:Zerubbabel
438:, through
284:𒅀𒀪𒌑𒆠𒉡
216:Jehoiachin
65:Coronation
2391:Exilarchs
2289:Samuel II
2284:Daniel II
2267:Zakkai II
2257:Hasdai IV
2232:David III
2212:Judah III
2142:Solomon I
2137:Hasdai II
2110:Arab rule
2094:Haninai I
2064:Kahana II
1946:Shecaniah
1921:Berechiah
1911:Meshullam
1896:Shealtiel
1877:Exilarchs
1749:Jehoiakim
1619:Zechariah
1489:Maccabees
1404:Jehoiakim
1383:Jeconiah
954:, 2000. (
577:Shealtiel
511:Shenazzar
503:Shealtiel
485:Genealogy
444:Christian
360:. In the
358:exilarchs
276:cuneiform
252:Jehoiakim
227:Yəhōyāḵīn
180:יְכָנְיָה
154:Jehoiakim
139:Shenazzar
132:Shealtiel
104:Jerusalem
84:Successor
78:Jehoiakim
2279:David VI
2262:Daniel I
2242:David IV
2202:David II
2192:Zakkai I
2182:Judah II
2122:Hasdai I
2117:Bostanai
2024:Huna III
2014:Nehemiah
1951:Hezekiah
1941:Shemaiah
1926:Hasadiah
1916:Hananiah
1891:Jeconiah
1823:See also
1759:Zedekiah
1754:Jeconiah
1744:Jehoahaz
1729:Manasseh
1724:Hezekiah
1694:Athaliah
1664:Rehoboam
1634:Pekahiah
1604:Jehoahaz
1421:Zedekiah
1369:Archived
1351:Eerdmans
925:2Ki.24:2
921:2Ki.24:6
836:Elnathan
815:See also
691:Zedekiah
523:Nedabiah
515:Jekamiah
495:Elnathan
491:Nehushta
423:—
392:and the
346:Zedekiah
288:Yaʾúkinu
280:Akkadian
200:Ἰεχονίας
183:Yəḵonəyā
172:Jeconiah
164:Nehushta
145:Nedabiah
141:Jekamiah
135:Malkiram
88:Zedekiah
2252:David V
2227:Azariah
2172:David I
2127:Baradoi
2079:Huna VI
2059:Merimar
2044:Huna IV
2004:Huna II
1989:Shaphat
1984:Johanan
1936:Obadiah
1931:Jesaiah
1901:Pedaiah
1704:Amaziah
1699:Jehoash
1689:Ahaziah
1684:Jehoram
1629:Menahem
1624:Shallum
1609:Jehoash
1594:Jehoram
1589:Ahaziah
1583:Jezebel
1524:Solomon
1300:Biblica
764:(NIV):
705:Ezekiel
627:Jubilee
571:in the
569:Lunette
519:Hoshama
507:Pedaiah
448:Messiah
366:Ezekiel
214:and as
143:Hoshama
137:Pedaiah
116:Babylon
2207:Josiah
2089:Kafnai
2069:Huna V
2034:Nathan
1974:Ahijah
1739:Josiah
1714:Jotham
1709:Uzziah
1669:Abijam
1644:Hoshea
1554:Baasha
1534:Israel
1499:Israel
1096:
1055:
1026:Syriac
992:
966:
958:
876:
687:Tammuz
631:Arakin
581:Josiah
550:Joseph
440:Joseph
402:Tishri
354:Josiah
308:Berlin
256:Josiah
220:Hebrew
212:Coniah
176:Hebrew
160:Mother
150:Father
43:, 1553
2294:Jesse
2162:Moses
2049:Pahda
1979:Nahum
1956:Akkub
1769:Judea
1654:Judah
1639:Pekah
1569:Tibni
1564:Zimri
1549:Nadab
1519:David
1339:JETS.
1191:(PDF)
897:22:28
807:king.
755:day."
737:after
499:Assir
408:Curse
299:Reign
236:Latin
204:Latin
196:Greek
128:Assir
123:Issue
56:Reign
2029:Abba
1734:Amon
1719:Ahaz
1599:Jehu
1579:Ahab
1574:Omri
1559:Elah
1509:Saul
1094:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1024:and
990:ISBN
964:ISBN
956:ISBN
895:and
874:ISBN
587:The
579:and
554:Mary
521:and
324:The
264:Iraq
110:Died
98:Born
1674:Asa
1328:28.
769:it.
525:. (
418:ORD
328:of
192:Yah
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1008:,
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