Kamisese Mara - Knowledge

1066:. Ethnic Fijians, including Mara, wanted a communal franchise, with parliamentary seats reserved for the different ethnic groups, who would vote on separate electoral rolls. It was believed that this would protect indigenous Fijian rights. Mara also considered that it was in Fiji's interests to avoid direct competition between political candidates from different ethnic groups, fearing that it would lead to social and political upheaval. Most Indo-Fijians rejected this proposal, believing that it would prevent them from obtaining a legislative majority, even though they numbered more than half of the population, and demanded that all Parliamentary seats should be elected by universal suffrage from a common voters' roll. In April 1970, Mara and 1124:, but with 28 of the 52 seats, Mara retained power. Despite the loss of eight seats, the popular vote for the Alliance Party rose to 51.8% – an all-time record. Part of the reason for this paradox lay in the distribution of the vote: the gains in the popular vote occurred mostly because of a swing of almost 10% in the 11 "communal" seats reserved for, and elected exclusively by, Indo-Fijians, but 24% of the Indo-Fijian vote was insufficient to translate into parliamentary seats, and therefore did not effectively offset small but very significant losses in ethnic Fijian "communal" seats. It was therefore a bittersweet election for Mara. 1794: 1877: 1860: 1848: 1113: 1824: 1764: 38: 1836: 1273:

Adi Koila Nailatikau, who was one of the hostages. Commodore Bainimarama has defended his role in the incident saying it was "necessary" at the time, and that Mara's resignation was, in fact, voluntary and that he had refused offers of reinstatement. Mara's daughter, Adi Ateca Ganilau (wife of Ratu Epeli Ganilau) appeared to support Bainimarama's claims in a statement on 10 January 2005, saying that her father had resigned and had refused to return because he was upset by the abrogation of the Constitution.

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of ethnic Fijian extremists. In 1996, he publicly apologised to the Indo-Fijian community for his role in the drafting of the 1990 Constitution. Mahendra Chaudhry, the leader of the Indo-Fijian community who in 1999 became Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, said that he did not agree with, but understood, Mara's reasons for acting as he did, and accepted his apology for having done so. Other opponents, both Indo-Fijian and ethnic Fijian, were less forgiving, however.

1074:, met in London and negotiated a compromise. Fijians and Indo-Fijians would be represented equally in the House of Representatives, with 22 seats each; a further 8 seats would be set aside for Europeans and other minorities. About half of the representatives from each ethnic group would be elected only by members of their particular race, while the other half would be elected by universal suffrage. Following this agreement, Fiji became independent on 10 October 1970. 1596:, the chief executive officer of the Prime Minister's Department, rejected the criticism, saying that the government was not financing the book and that its involvement was limited to ensuring that Scarr had access to information sources. He considered that co-operation in the writing of the biography would be a fitting tribute to Ratu Mara, whom he called a great man. The Mara family should discuss any reservations with Scarr himself, Kotobalavu said. 1811: 1735: 1781: 1890: 1195:, several Cabinet ministers, and a number of parliamentarians. Speight declared himself Prime Minister, and ordered Mara to step aside as president. Mara refused to negotiate with the plotters, and decided instead to dismiss the kidnapped government and assume emergency powers himself. His move backfired, however. In what politicians called "a coup within a coup," Ratu Mara was whisked away on the naval ship 1751: 2625: 1710: 1511:, which was spread out over three days (28 to 30 April) saw an estimated 200,000 people – almost a quarter of Fiji's total population – line the streets to pay their last respects to the man they regarded as the father of the nation, in an outpouring of public grief not seen since the death of Mara's presidential predecessor, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, over a decade earlier. 2887: 2474: 135: 1105:, ended up calling on Mara to form a new government. Although unquestionably constitutional, the Governor-General's actions were controversial. Many Indo-Fijians were outraged at what they saw as a deliberate cynical move on his part to keep the government of Ratu Mara, his fellow-chief (and distant cousin) in power at all costs. A 1527:

A one-year period of mourning for the late Chief ended on 13 May 2005, with the close of a series of ceremonies that started on the 9th. Those who had been observing mourning rituals symbolically changed from black clothes into their normal attire. (Members of the Mara family, however, said that they

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confirmed that they had opened an investigation into the events surrounding his departure from office. Mahendra Chaudhry, the deposed Prime Minister, has publicly supported Mara's version of events, and has further alleged that Mara was blackmailed with a threat to kill his daughter, Tourism Minister

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production. Between 1970 and 1987, the sugarcane crop more than doubled, from under 250,000 tonnes to 502,000. The sugar industry continues to be the mainstay of Fiji's economy, and more than 90% of Fiji's sugar is exported. Mara's government led the way in negotiating special preferential marketing

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declared that there was a lot of hearsay and rumours in circulation that would not stand up in a court of law. "Unfortunately we are hitting a brick wall in our investigations at the moment," Koroi said. On 2 May 2005, however, Commodore Bainimarama agreed to make a statement to the police about his

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in the United Kingdom. Mara's character was described as a combination of the forthright and the diplomatic, the inflexible and the dexterous, the imperious and the tolerant. He was known as a strong, imposing personality, but with an ability to forgive his opponents. A convert to Catholicism, Mara

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she said, referring to controversial legislation introduced by the Fijian government in 2005, aimed at establishing a Commission empowered to propose amnesty for coup-convicts. She reiterated her previously stated opposition to the release of coup-perpetrators, saying that he father would not have

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system. Mara defended his role in the post-coup era of 1987 to 1992, arguing that he was doing the best he could in circumstances that he could not fully control, and that it had seemed better at the time to connive in the writing of a discriminatory constitution than to risk civil war at the hands

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led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka seriously undermined the social and economic stability, and the international prestige, of Fiji. Mara was recalled to head an interim administration, with a view to restoring Fiji's international reputation and rebuilding the country's shattered economy. In

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in New Zealand, where he studied medicine (1942 to 1945). He never finished his medical studies, because his great-uncle and mentor, Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna (who was then regarded as Fiji's paramount chief), seeking to groom him for future leadership of the nation, arranged for him to study history at

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There were criticisms of his leadership, too, some of which he eventually acknowledged. Many Indo-Fijians criticised him for not doing more to thwart the 1987 coups which removed an Indo-Fijian dominated administration from office, and for giving his consent to a new constitution, drafted in 1990,

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had been involved in the coup. He alleged that they took George Speight to Parliament, and that their senior officers supplied them with weapons, blankets, and food. Mara also declared that the Counter Revolutionary Warfare officers who joined Speight's coup had trained on a farm owned by Rabuka.

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On 29 April 2001, Mara publicly accused the police chief, Colonel Isikia Savua and former Prime Minister, Sitiveni Rabuka, of instigating the coup. In what was to be his last public interview, Mara claimed that George Speight – who was then in custody and has since been convicted of treason – was

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praised him as a man of vision and compassion, who hated lies and lived by the truth. He praised him as a committed Christian who practised what he preached, and who did not differentiate between people but treated all men alike whatever their race or religion. Madraiwiwi called on all Lauans to

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industry. Today, pine plantations, virtually nonexistent 40 years ago, cover close to 480 square kilometres throughout the Fiji Islands, and there is an ongoing programme to further expand area in all parts of the country. Fiji now derives more than $ 40 to 50 million a year in foreign exchange

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to choose the President of the Republic, as well as 14 of the 32 members of the Senate; at the time of his death, he was the longest-serving member of the Council. He remained Chairman of the Lau Provincial Council, a position he had held concurrently with his national offices for many years.

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said that no charges could be brought against Commodore Bainimarama unless it could be proved that he had actually forced the president to resign. On 5 January 2006, Hughes said that Mara's departure from the Presidency was one of seven major cases the police were still working on.

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Police have said they have faced "many challenges" in their investigation, finding many officers uncooperative. On 30 April 2004, the Fijian police said they were closely examining the recording of Mara's last interview, in an attempt to uncover new leads. Police spokesman

1464:, a commoner (i.e., one of non-chiefly ancestry) who led the 2000 putsch accused Mara of selling the country out to Indo-Fijians, and of working to keep power in the hands of a coalition of Fijian chiefs and Indo-Fijian businessmen, at the expense of Fijian commoners. 899:

Mara was first educated at Primary in Levuka (Sacred Heart Convent) than to Lau Provincial school before he left for his secondary education in an all boys boarding school in North of Tailevu (Queen Victoria School), he later moved to Marist Brothers High School

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ritual, which lifted taboos in place for the Mara family and the people of the Lau Islands. Mara's son, Ratu Finau Mara, who is widely expected to be named his successor as Tui Nayau, or Paramount Chief of the Lau Islands, was expected to participate in the

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earnings from its forestry sector. Of this total, more than half is from pinewood chips exports. This industry now provides a substantial and increasing source of income to those in rural areas, including especially the indigenous Fijian landowners.

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ruled on 15 November that year that Mara's replacement was unconstitutional and ordered his reinstatement, but Mara, wishing to spare the country further constitutional trauma, officially resigned, with his resignation retroactive to 29 May 2000.

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had a history of strained relations. The marriage proved to be a happy one, however, and in stark contrast to the prevalence of divorce among many of Mara's relatives, it lasted for more than 53 years. They had three sons and five daughters

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reserved for ethnic Fijians in 1953. (There were ten other seats, five reserved for Indians and five for Europeans and other minorities; a further sixteen members were appointed by the colonial Governor). In 1959, Mara was appointed to the

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Convinced of the need to include Indo-Fijians in the government, he proposed a "government of national unity" – a grand coalition with the National Federation Party. The NFP, however, rejected the offer and remained in opposition. In the

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from 1996 to 1998, when he resigned to take up a diplomatic posting. Their second daughter, Adi koila Nailatikau has also followed in her father's footsteps and has served her country as a career diplomat and politician. She was

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that the same government that was working to release from prison persons convicted of offences related to the coup which deposed him, was also promoting an independent biography to be written by Australian academic

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Even in death, Ratu Mara stirred controversy. His state funeral was by no means universally popular, even among his close supporters. Claiming to speak for many of those who had been close to the late president,

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chosen by the Great Council of Chiefs. Following his retirement as Prime Minister, Mara was elected to the Vice-Presidency in June 1992, and became Acting president soon after, when the ailing president Ratu Sir

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in 1963 following the traditional consultation process between the Yavusa Tonga in Sawana, Lomaloma and the Tui Nayau his father. Though the title Tui Lau is not hereditary it has been left vacant by his cousin¹

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On the global stage, Mara was known for his strongly pro-American views. He supported visits to Fijian ports by nuclear-armed United States warships and submarines. He was a close ally of US President

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Sitiveni Rabuka, who led the 1987 coup, surprised many in 1999 when he claimed in an autobiography that he had carried out the coups at Mara's behest. Mara retaliated by suing him for defamation.

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in the Lau Islands. For the 80-year-old president, who was seen as the father of the country and had led it, in one capacity or another, for more than 40 years, it was an anticlimactic end.

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Following his resignation, Mara retired to his native island of Lakeba. He continued to influence politics in Fiji, where democracy was subsequently restored, through his membership of the

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in the United Kingdom. Mara was distressed to abandon his medical studies, but, dependent on Ratu Sukuna for financial support, followed his orders without question, and graduated with an

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Excerpts of this interview were broadcast on 29 April 2001; the full interview was not broadcast until 29 April 2004 – while his body was lying in state in preparation for his funeral.

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Ganilau said. She called for a thorough investigation into the abrogation of the Constitution, and for those who were legal advisers at the time to be answerable for their actions.

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of 1972. Internal divisions within the ethnic Fijian electorate led to the narrow defeat of his Alliance Party by the Indo-Fijian dominated National Federation Party (NFP) in the

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as Second Vice-President; Takiveikata resigned in Mara's favour, and Tavaiqia moved to the post of Second Vice-President to allow Mara to assume that of First Vice-President.

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would continue to wear black for a further three months, until the period of mourning for his wife, Adi Lala, is over). Thousands of people arrived in the chiefly village of

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for a Diploma in Economics and Social Administration, which he was awarded in 1962. In 1973, his old alma mater, Otago University, awarded him an honorary doctorate of laws (

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of government to Fiji in October 1967. The Executive Council was transformed into a modern Cabinet, and its members, who had hitherto been answerable only to the colonial

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The military regime that took over appointed Ratu Josefa Iloilo, who had been Mara's vice-president, to succeed him on 13 July 2000. After the coup had been quashed, the

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on 28 May, where he was allegedly approached by a group of present and former military and police officers and ordered to suspend the Constitution. When he refused,

from the Fonolahi Family of the Yavusa Tonga clan in Sawana. Fonolahi has lineage to the Tongan royalty and was also descended from an English missionary.

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With independence, the office of Chief Minister was renamed Prime Minister, but its functions were substantially unchanged. Mara retained power in

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Mara was survived by his wife, Adi Lala (who herself died on 20 July the same year), and by two sons and five daughters; one son predeceased him.

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to resolve the impasse in September that year, however, appeared to vindicate Cakobau, when the Alliance Party won a record 36 seats out of 52.

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was incapacitated. He assumed the office of President officially when Ganilau died on 16 December of the following year. Modelled on the

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from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, as the

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and Adi Elenoa Tuilau Mara Taito two of whom have pursued political careers of their own. Their eldest son, Ratu Finau Mara, was a

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which guaranteed indigenous Fijian supremacy and was widely regarded as racist, even drawing comparisons from some quarters with

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After serving (from 1950) as an Administrative Officer in the Colonial Services, Mara was nominated to one of five seats on the

3143: 2934: 2426: 2407:†In Mara's time, the office of Vice-President was held simultaneously by two individuals; Mara's tenure coincided with that of 2188: 1419: 312: 3008: 2449: 1738: 1578: 1383: 1269: 905: 2974: 2613: 2015:: persistence, Change and meaning Memorial Images of Eastern Fiji By Anita Herle Copyright 2002, University of Hawai'i Press 1137: 836:

Kamisese Kapaiwai Tuimacilai Uluilakeba Mara was born on 6 May 1920, in Sawana, Lomaloma, Vanuabalavu in the archipelago of

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Mara told the programme that within half an hour of Speight's forcible occupation of the Parliament, Rabuka had telephoned

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Whether Mara's resignation was in fact forced has been the subject of a police investigation since 21 May 2003, when the

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Mara also played 8 non-first-class matches for Fiji from 1954 to 1956, with his final match for Fiji coming against the

1235: 1129: 1121: 1090:. He tendered his resignation as Prime Minister, but the NFP splintered three days later in a leadership dispute, and a 1083: 1040: 219: 2048: 1583:"On one hand they want to praise him but on the other they are working to free those people who ousted him through the 3108: 1379: 1032: 1015: 125: 2053: 3148: 1768: 1609: 1399: 1352:

Yet another significant Mara achievement was his contribution to the negotiations that led to the signing of a new

1150: 1112: 995: 922: 868:, which means "Chief," was hereditary; as the hereditary Paramount Chief of the Lau Islands, he held the titles of 765: 1859: 1847: 1632: 1071: 1020: 999: 1429: 1975: 1693: 1647: 1338: 1099: 1063: 990: 52: 46: 1763: 1250: 2332: 1864: 1852: 1546: 1473: 1287: 1028: 812: 3103: 2585: 2238: 2211: 2157: 2126: 1934: 1835: 1823: 1290: 1160: 914: 821: 817: 769: 600: 537: 451: 367: 63: 499: 1894: 1346: 1226: 1024: 844: 742: 673: 2382: 1565: 1337:

In the 1960s, Mara led a revolt by Pacific Islands delegates that brought about a restructuring of the

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Over the years, Mara received many honours from around the world. In addition to his knighthood (a

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that he confronted Savua and Rabuka two days after the coup about their possible involvement. "

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Addressing the Lau Provincial Council in Ratu Mara's honour, Fiji's current vice-president,

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Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese: "The Pacific Way: A Memoir", University of Hawai'i Press, 1997 –

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in 1949. In 1961, he returned to the United Kingdom to pursue postgraduate study at the

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in London beginning in 1973. Recognitions from other governments included being made a

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Following his graduation from Oxford University, Mara returned to Fiji and had married

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title in 1969, following the death of his father in 1966. He was earlier installed as

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Partial transcript of Ratu Mara's last interview, with Fiji Television, 29 April 2001

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Official death notice, tributes, and announcement of a state funeral (Heraldsun)

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at Suva, which was founded with the support of his government. In 2000,

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regime, in gratitude, helped to finance the publication of his memoirs.

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chiefs; like her husband, Ro Lala was a chief in her own right, as the

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Island Business magazine names Mara Pacific Islands Man of the Century

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After the military coups of 1987, Fiji had severed its links with the

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One problem that threatened to delay independence was the failure of

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Field, Michael; Baba, Tupeni; Nabobo-Baba, Unaisi (1 January 2005).

1371:, he never hid the fact that his true sympathies lay there, and the 816:(6 May 1920 – 18 April 2004) was a Fijian politician who served as 1529: 1476:, which not only advised the government but also functioned as an 1403: 1111: 658: 1949:"Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Fiji's First Prime Minister, Dies at 83" 1132:, Mara was finally defeated by a multiracial coalition led by Dr 1031:, which at that time was empowered to appoint two members to the 2633: 1715: 1325: 1203:

he defiantly declared) the group, including the army commander,

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I-Taukei Fijian members of the House of Representatives (Fiji)

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on 8 January 2006. His family was displeased, his daughter

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agreements with nations importing Fijian sugar, through the

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in Fiji's famous 28 run win over them, a match in which he

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I-Taukei Fijian members of the Legislative Council of Fiji

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said that he did not believe that Mara had been involved.

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A brief sketch of Ratu Mara's life (Daily Telegraph) (UK)

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In his two first-class matches Mara scored 64 runs at a

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United Nations International Law of the Sea Convention

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1992, he handed over power to an elected government.

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People educated at Marist Brothers High School, Fiji

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Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1246:" said Mara, emphatically rejecting their denials. 775: 755: 735: 694: 679: 669: 654: 637: 616: 611: 590: 580: 564: 554: 535: 523: 513: 495: 481: 458: 441: 417: 394: 384: 365: 355: 343: 329: 310: 294: 278: 266: 252: 217: 201: 185: 165: 145: 96: 1920:Speight of Violence : Inside Fiji's 2000 coup 3159:People educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland 2935:Leaders of the (Parliamentary) Opposition in Fiji 1136:. His retirement was to be short-lived, however. 1120:The Alliance Party's majority was reduced in the 1062:and Indo-Fijians to agree on a post-independence 3164:Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration 1496:, with two of his longtime friends, businessmen 1307:Under Mara's leadership, Fiji became a giant in 1256:Mara said that he was shocked to learn that the 1159:and become a republic, with a president and two 934:Ro Litia Cakobau Lalabalavu Katoafutoga Tuisawau 1635:of 21.33, with a high score of 44. A right-arm 1367:. Although he did not officially recognise the 2081:The end of an era (Islands Business), May 2004 2071:Transcript of ABC Radio report of Mara's death 1624:. After scoring 44 runs against Canterbury he 1400:Grand Master of the Order of the National Lion 1392:Knight Grand Cross of the Pian Order with Star 977:,Adi Litia Cakobau Mara Dugdale and the twins 2919: 2739: 2570: 2434: 1684:United Oxford and Cambridge Universities Club 1639:bowler, with the ball he took 8 wickets at a 1416:Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John 824:from 1970 to 1992. He subsequently served as 8: 1532:on the island of Lakeba to take part in the 1460:Not all of Mara's critics were Indo-Fijian. 689:9 September 1950 – 18 April 2004 (his death) 550:20 September 1967 – 10 October 1970 1039:), won a majority of the seats in the 1966 2926: 2912: 2904: 2746: 2732: 2724: 2577: 2563: 2555: 2441: 2427: 2419: 2110: 1363:. Mara was also known for his support for 1179:That crisis came on 19 May 2000, with the 1094:developed. The official representative of 161:Acting: 16 December 1993 – 18 January 1994 133: 93: 27:Fijian former prime minister and president 1549:, was believed to be out of the country. 82:Learn how and when to remove this message 3229:Fijian expatriates in the United Kingdom 3094:Alumni of the London School of Economics 1560:Another controversy was reported by the 1541:at the request of elders from Tubou and 380:10 October 1970 – 13 April 1987 159:16 December 1993 – 29 May 2000 45:This article includes a list of general 2320:Head of the Interim Military Government 1923:. Canberra, ACT : Pandanus Books. 1909: 1145:President of the Republic: 1993 to 2000 1010:The making of a statesman: 1950 to 1970 232:2 June 1992 – 15 December 1993 212:Head of the Interim Military Government 1581:. This was contradictory, she said. 1390:, Companion of the Order of Fiji, and 1343:Pacific Islands Producers' Association 1333:International achievements and honours 1116:Mara visiting the United States (1984) 832:Early life and education: 1920 to 1950 477:5 December 1987 – 2 June 1992 2755:Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Fiji 1643:of 17.12, with best figures of 4/77. 1051:, were made fully responsible to the 1027:). In 1964, he was received into the 7: 3174:Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX 2001:The World of Talk on a Fijian Island 1394:(1995). He was also a member of the 1084:the first post-independence election 1078:Prime Minister of Fiji: 1970 to 1992 1002:in 1999 and 2000, and served in the 942:, is also hereditary and is held by 325:13 April 1987 – 14 May 1987 1839:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the 1070:, leader of the mainly Indo-Fijian 1829:Most Venerable Order of Saint John 1258:Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit 1201:("If the Constitution goes, I go," 1191:and kidnapped the Prime Minister, 51:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3224:Fijian expatriates in New Zealand 1851:Honorary Knight Commander of the 1841:Order of St Michael and St George 1799:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit 1408:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit 877:Tui Nayau kei Sau ni Vanua ko Lau 3214:Leaders of the Opposition (Fiji) 3184:Fijian people of English descent 3099:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford 2885: 2623: 2472: 1974:Aglionby, John (23 April 2004). 1888: 1875: 1858: 1846: 1834: 1822: 1809: 1792: 1779: 1762: 1749: 1733: 1721: 1708: 1286:own role in Mara's resignation. 1270:Police Investigations Department 36: 3179:Fijian people of Tongan descent 3169:Companions of the Order of Fiji 2086:Details Ratu Mara and his Life. 1590:stood for it if he were alive. 1420:University of the South Pacific 1418:, and became Chancellor of the 1341:. He also helped to launch the 313:Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) 1739:Meritorious Service Decoration 1579:Australian National University 1384:Meritorious Service Decoration 1244:I could see it in their faces, 906:Sacred Heart College, Auckland 1: 3219:Fijian independence activists 3189:Converts to Roman Catholicism 880:in 1969. He succeeded to the 245:Second Vice-President of Fiji 2547:§Head of the military regime 2239:First Vice-President of Fiji 1488:late in 2001 while visiting 1045:Westminster (Cabinet) system 220:First Vice-President of Fiji 1691:He wrote an autobiography, 1406:, Senegal in 1975, and the 3245: 3134:University of Otago alumni 1893:Knight Grand Cross of the 1769:National Order of the Lion 1662:Mara's interests included 1620:in Fiji's 1953/54 tour of 1430:Pacific Man of the Century 1151:Removal of Ratu Mara, 2000 1148: 923:London School of Economics 855:clan of Tubou, Lakeba and 766:London School of Economics 3194:Foreign ministers of Fiji 2941: 2894: 2883: 2761: 2714: 2621: 2545: 2470: 2396: 2387: 2379: 2371: 2362: 2354: 2349: 2339: 2329: 2326: 2312: 2299: 2289: 2277: 2264: 2256: 2246: 2236: 2228: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2195: 2186: 2178: 2164: 2155: 2145: 2133: 2124: 2118: 2113: 2106:Swami Rudrananda's impact 1694:The Pacific Way: A Memoir 1674:. He was a member of the 1324:Mara also founded Fiji's 1072:National Federation Party 893:, who had died in 1958. 783: 748:Lusiana Qolikoro (mother) 607: 543: 470: 373: 318: 225: 152: 141: 132: 2716:* interim † military 2409:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 2283:As substantive President 2250:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 2232:Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia 2189:Leader of the Opposition 1976:"Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara" 1863:Honorary Officer of the 1339:South Pacific Commission 1234:only a front, Mara told 991:Fijian Association Party 851:and head of the chiefly 3209:Politicians from Lakeba 3119:Prime ministers of Fiji 3114:Vice-presidents of Fiji 2586:Prime ministers of Fiji 2260:Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau 1865:Order of British Empire 1853:Order of British Empire 1827:Honorary Knight of the 1557:follow Mara's example. 1474:Great Council of Chiefs 1414:in 1978. He was also a 1103:Ratu Sir George Cakobau 1029:Great Council of Chiefs 973:Adi Asenaca kakua Mara, 908:. He then attended the 404:Ratu Sir George Cakobau 66:more precise citations. 3144:Fijian Roman Catholics 2450:Heads of state of Fiji 2383:Ratu Tevita Uluilakeba 2333:Lau Provincial Council 2212:Prime Minister of Fiji 2158:Prime Minister of Fiji 2127:Chief Minister of Fiji 1797:Gwanghwa Medal of the 1547:Roko Tevita Uluilakeba 1187:forced their way into 1117: 1088:election of March 1977 996:Minister for Transport 915:Wadham College, Oxford 770:Wadham College, Oxford 538:Chief Minister of Fiji 368:Prime Minister of Fiji 2482:President (from 1987) 1895:Order of Pope Pius IX 1115: 1092:constitutional crisis 952:(Paramount Chief) of 845:Tevita Uluilakeba III 743:Tevita Uluilakeba III 234:Serving with 180:Ratu Tevita Momoedonu 2358:Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna 2059:30 June 2006 at the 1687:wrote of his faith: 1554:Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi 1468:Later life and death 891:Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna 822:first Prime Minister 575:Robert Sidney Foster 400:Robert Sidney Foster 102:The Right Honourable 2350:Titles of nobility 2295:As Acting President 1767:Grand Cross of the 1585:Reconciliation Bill 1428:Magazine named him 1347:South Pacific Forum 1288:Police Commissioner 1107:subsequent election 1033:Legislative Council 1016:Legislative Council 1006:from 2001 to 2006. 910:University of Otago 828:from 1993 to 2000. 762:University of Otago 500:Josefata Kamikamica 3109:Presidents of Fiji 2771:Mosese Qionibaravi 2343:Ratu Josefa Basulu 2114:Political offices 1937:on 17 August 2021. 1726:Companions of the 1577:, formerly of the 1303:Sugarcane industry 1212:Ratu Epeli Ganilau 1138:Two military coups 1118: 436:Mosese Qionibaravi 3149:Fijian cricketers 3071: 3070: 2901: 2900: 2872:Frank Bainimarama 2862:Frank Bainimarama 2852:Frank Bainimarama 2841:Isikeli Mataitoga 2826:Berenado Vunibobo 2721: 2720: 2552: 2551: 2457:Queen (1970–1987) 2413:Inoke Takiveikata 2404: 2403: 2397:Succeeded by 2372:Succeeded by 2340:Succeeded by 2327:Preceded by 2321: 2316:Frank Bainimarama 2313:Succeeded by 2306:President of Fiji 2303: 2296: 2284: 2278:Succeeded by 2271:President of Fiji 2268: 2247:Succeeded by 2219:Succeeded by 2196:Succeeded by 2173: 2165:Succeeded by 2152: 2151:As Chief Minister 2140: 2139:As Prime Minister 2134:Succeeded by 2121:None (new office) 2102:on CricketArchive 2029:20th Century Fiji 2024:978-0-8248-1893-7 2007:The Years of Hope 1682:in Suva, and the 1654:Fiji to victory. 1566:Adi Ateca Ganilau 1478:electoral college 1455:Mahendra Chaudhry 1369:Republic of China 1208:Frank Bainimarama 1193:Mahendra Chaudhry 1181:Fiji coup of 2000 1021:Executive Council 787: 786: 690: 684:Ro Lady Lala Mara 603: 586:None (new office) 454: 395:Governors General 247: 213: 208:Frank Bainimarama 176:Mahendra Chaudhry 147:President of Fiji 92: 91: 84: 16:(Redirected from 3236: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2905: 2889: 2847:Epeli Nailatikau 2836:Kaliopate Tavola 2748: 2741: 2734: 2725: 2634:Republic of Fiji 2627: 2594:Dominion of Fiji 2579: 2572: 2565: 2556: 2476: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2420: 2380:Preceded by 2355:Preceded by 2331:Chairman of the 2319: 2301: 2294: 2290:Preceded by 2282: 2266: 2257:Preceded by 2229:Preceded by 2204:Preceded by 2179:Preceded by 2169: 2150: 2146:Preceded by 2138: 2119:Preceded by 2111: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1933:. 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Gunmen led by 1130:election of 1987 1100:Governor-General 1025:cabinet minister 983:Cabinet Minister 971:Koila Nailatikau 949:Roko Tui Dreketi 857:Lusiana Qolikoro 815: 706:Koila Nailatikau 688: 644: 633:, British Empire 612:Personal details 598: 593: 583: 548: 526: 516: 475: 461: 449: 444: 432:David Toganivalu 378: 358: 346: 330:Governor General 323: 297: 281: 269: 243: 230: 211: 204: 188: 168: 157: 137: 94: 87: 80: 76: 73: 67: 62:this article by 53:inline citations 40: 39: 32: 21: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3067: 2937: 2932: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2881: 2877:Sitiveni Rabuka 2857:Inoke Kubuabola 2816:Sitiveni Rabuka 2757: 2752: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2628: 2619: 2588: 2583: 2553: 2548: 2541: 2477: 2468: 2452: 2447: 2400: 2393: 2385: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2345: 2336: 2322: 2318: 2309: 2304: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2224: 2222:Sitiveni Rabuka 2215: 2207: 2199: 2192: 2184: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2122: 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