526:
64:
514:
1467:
1479:
1455:
649:. Akiner added that even in 1926, barely any Karapapakh could converse in the original Karapapakh language. Most of the Soviet Karapapakhs at the time were Sunnis, with a minority being Shia. The Karapapakhs were listed as a separate group in the 1926 Soviet census. During the Soviet Union's existence however the Karapapakhs were culturally and linguistically assimilated by the
740:
785:. In the Georgian SSR of the Soviet Union, this language was often confused with Azerbaijani. Bearing similarities to the process of assimilation in the Soviet Union, in Turkey, the Karapapakhs no longer speak their Turkic language and have completely switched to Turkish. Brent Brendemoen notes in
713:
lastly added that there were more than 10,000 Karapapakhs in the Soviet Union at the time, with most of them localized in Soviet
Central Asia; small numbers of Karapapakhs had been able however to return to southern Georgia and northern Armenia in the 1980s. Some 30,000 and 60,000 Karapapakhs were
706:
syncretic religion. They also explain that due to the religious practices of the
Karapapakh, "there has traditionally been an element of secretiveness and fanaticism to Karapapakh religion". Bennigsen likewise stated that "a certain number of the Karapapakhs are Ali Ilahis, which somewhat hinders
495:
as a fief to 800 Karapapakh families and these new settlers, in return, had to have 400 horsemen ready for disposal for the government. Just prior to their arrival, there were 4–5,000 families in Solduz district consisting of Kurds and
Turkics from the Muqaddam tribe. Gradually however, the land
525:
641:, first published in 1983 and dealing with the situation in and around the 1926 Soviet census, the great majority of the Karapapakh lived outside of the Soviet Union at the time. Those within the Soviet Union, mainly lived in the southern part of the
694:, which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the Karapapakhs are described as a small ethnic group and a Turkmen tribe, who primarily live in and around
597:
from 1908 to 1912, the
Karapapakh population suffered considerably as they were seen as Iranian agents by the Ottomans. In the early 20th century, the Karapapakh in Naqadeh district shared eleven villages with Sunni
571:
as part of the
Karapapakh tribe. The 1886–1892 Tsarist population figures counted 8,893 Terekeme in the Dagestan Oblast and counted them as part of the total Karapapakh population within the empire. According to the
1223:
2882:
290:
was concluded between Iran and Russia in 1828. The
Karapapakhs who remained within the Russian Empire were counted as a separate group in Tsarist population figures. During the
3150:
496:
passed into the hands of the
Karapapakh newcomers. In 19th-century Iran, as part of the Iranian irregular army, the Karapapakh tribe was one of the twenty-two units (
629:. Mid-1920 figures showed that 70% of all Karapapakhs lived in Iran and 30% in the Soviet Union; the Karapapakhs in Turkey were most likely considered simply as
582:, Karapapakhs reportedly numbered some 39,000 and were distributed in 99 villages in Kars Oblast. 63 of these villages were located in the Kars district, 29 in
1511:
3322:
2849:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
2875:
1597:
665:
307:
1397:; Ter-Oganov, Nugzar (2012). "The Military of Qajar Iran: The Features of an Irregular Army from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century".
621:, the number of Karapapakhs had drastically declined to only 6,315, which reflected the loss of Kars Oblast to the newly established Republic of
3303:
3195:
3143:
1375:
3332:
2868:
789:
that the migration of the
Karapapakhs (and Terekeme, amongst others) in modern times from Turkey's east has been responsible for bringing
954:
544:
452:
448:
3136:
2974:
606:
1504:
547:, the Tsarist government conducted a population counting of the newly acquired province. In this 1883 population counting of the
1284:
From the Kur to the Aras: A Military
History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801-1813
1876:
1300:
Bournoutian, George (2017). "The
Population of the South Caucasus according to the 1897 General Census of the Russian Empire".
3327:
3287:
3337:
2411:
1590:
3342:
2891:
1497:
1339:
464:
275:
3119:
2477:
1445:
1361:
1245:
3001:
1348:
1228:
3159:
2809:
2768:
1936:
1483:
576:
of 1897, there were 29,879 Karapapakhs in the entire Russian Empire. According to the 1910 publication of the
3218:
2922:
2912:
1976:
1901:
1665:
1658:
1583:
3033:
2799:
889:
The full switch to Turkish by the Karapapakhs in Turkey was already reported by the second edition of the
868:
828:
386:
3043:
753:
513:
3058:
3008:
2964:
2907:
2455:
1750:
573:
456:
287:
773:
The Karapapakhs originally mainly spoke their own western Oghuz language, which is part of the western
332:. According to the latest western ethnographic works that primarily dealt with the ethnography of the
3347:
3262:
3213:
3208:
3053:
2969:
2794:
2131:
1755:
1635:
833:
778:
658:
654:
618:
303:
299:
248:
212:
145:
702:
at the time of the book's publication. They add that the Karapapakhs are primarily adherents of the
3277:
3073:
3023:
2996:
2658:
1946:
1681:
1267:
748:
672:
578:
479:, where they formed 15% of the population, and partly in the Iranian region of Solduz (present-day
417:
401:
368:
Karapapakh translates as "black hat" in Oghuz Turkic. The Karapapakhs are sometimes referred to as
314:
2339:
2141:
2051:
1951:
1414:
1352:
1279:
873:
421:
69:
63:
3240:
2917:
2497:
2396:
1857:
1715:
1471:
1371:
1356:
1334:
1255:
950:
501:
271:
97:
3282:
3267:
3257:
3235:
3013:
2949:
2804:
2450:
2297:
2166:
2098:
2027:
1971:
1956:
1941:
1926:
1896:
1886:
1862:
1798:
1705:
1406:
1309:
838:
782:
758:
680:
676:
552:
429:
255:. Nowadays, the Karapapakh language has been largely supplanted by Azerbaijani and Turkish.
252:
220:
157:
153:
149:
3093:
3078:
3063:
2814:
2421:
2332:
2171:
2151:
2056:
2046:
2032:
1961:
1921:
1916:
1881:
1782:
1736:
1710:
790:
774:
568:
377:
244:
1649:
1554:
3068:
2979:
2954:
2934:
2902:
2850:
2733:
2619:
2583:
2482:
2318:
2237:
2161:
2103:
2022:
2017:
1966:
1931:
1906:
1891:
1822:
1614:
1606:
1549:
1529:
1344:
1240:
1236:
1218:
798:
642:
630:
587:
532:
492:
468:
444:
405:
283:
240:
199:
190:
809:
The Karapapkhs were traditionally involved in sheep-rearing and a bit of agriculture.
3316:
3272:
3245:
3083:
3048:
2984:
2778:
2553:
2487:
2426:
2311:
2258:
2146:
2136:
1911:
1731:
1539:
1418:
1322:
1232:
1206:
718:
and Turkey respectively at the time. Groups of Karapapakh still live around Ardahan,
634:
397:
294:'s existence, the Karapapakhs were culturally and linguistically assimilated by the
3098:
3038:
2944:
2826:
2693:
2678:
2492:
2431:
2401:
2365:
2325:
2189:
2061:
2038:
1806:
1742:
1629:
872:
mentions that it is close to both "Āzerī and the Turkish of Turkey". The historian
703:
684:
650:
646:
425:
357:
353:
333:
329:
295:
291:
259:
195:
177:
1849:
1385:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles, eds. (1994).
1410:
3252:
3230:
3180:
3018:
2927:
2830:
2713:
2708:
2652:
2156:
2072:
1999:
1868:
1459:
723:
626:
548:
488:
476:
321:
169:
38:
3292:
3223:
3203:
3175:
3105:
3088:
3028:
2991:
2860:
2698:
2513:
1842:
1760:
1559:
1544:
1313:
823:
564:
484:
472:
440:
325:
279:
173:
112:
107:
1259:
3167:
2728:
2718:
2665:
2632:
2518:
2304:
2266:
2247:
2227:
2202:
2108:
1642:
1564:
699:
345:
31:
3128:
2838:
2683:
2627:
2613:
2598:
2573:
2563:
2533:
2222:
2209:
2195:
1776:
1394:
695:
633:
by that time, and thus no figures for Turkey were reported. According to
349:
124:
17:
424:
referred to them as "Turkicized Kazakhs (Qazzaqs)." They had moved into
2959:
2773:
2723:
2673:
2647:
2642:
2603:
2593:
2548:
2543:
2528:
2445:
2391:
2354:
2349:
2242:
2232:
2217:
2066:
1835:
1789:
1700:
1174:
1172:
610:
594:
583:
560:
480:
433:
263:
128:
120:
605:
2939:
2748:
2738:
2688:
2637:
2588:
2578:
2558:
2538:
2523:
2437:
2373:
2359:
2291:
2276:
2271:
2252:
2080:
1994:
1534:
1489:
818:
794:
622:
337:
102:
87:
1159:
1157:
1144:
1142:
1140:
3185:
2846:
2743:
2703:
2608:
2568:
2286:
2281:
2113:
1828:
604:
599:
567:. The Tsarist authorities also regarded the Terekeme tribe of the
460:
267:
1575:
968:
966:
793:
loanwords with Persian vocalism to isolated areas as far west as
2842:
2834:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
719:
715:
341:
243:
people, who originally spoke the Karapapakh language, a western
116:
92:
3132:
2864:
1579:
1493:
1387:
An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
1327:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
787:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
733:
928:
926:
924:
262:
in the Middle Ages together with other Turkic speakers and
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1443:
876:
only mentions that it is "close to present-day Azeri-
1428:
Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus
391:
3194:
3166:
2787:
2761:
2506:
2464:
2410:
2382:
2180:
2122:
2089:
2008:
1985:
1815:
1769:
1724:
1693:
1622:
1613:
459:, the Karapapakhs migrated from the area along the
183:
163:
138:
78:
54:
1338:
1222:
664:In 1944, the Karapapakhs in the Soviet Union were
306:. In 1944 the Karapapakh in the Soviet Union were
1293:The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828
1163:
1148:
1119:
298:, and they were counted as "Azerbaijanis" in the
972:
824:Qajar Iran § Migration of Caucasian Muslims
463:river in eastern Georgia (along the present-day
531:Karapapakh woman from near Kars as depicted by
475:. They partly settled in the Ottoman region of
1062:
1029:
3144:
2876:
1591:
1505:
1437:Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
653:. They were counted as "Azerbaijanis" in the
500:) of provincial militia from the province of
8:
115:(mostly western part and big cities such as
49:
1178:
984:
932:
747:It has been suggested that this section be
3151:
3137:
3129:
2883:
2869:
2861:
1619:
1598:
1584:
1576:
1512:
1498:
1490:
1362:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1246:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1190:
266:nomads, the Karapapakhs settled along the
48:
336:, most Karapapakhs in the 1980s lived in
1086:
1074:
1050:
593:During the Ottoman occupation of Iran's
436:nomads, where some had become peasants.
320:The Karapapakhs have traditionally been
30:For the municipality in Azerbaijan, see
1450:
947:Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey
905:
857:Also known as Debeda or Borchala river.
850:
559:) numbered 21,652, of whom 11,721 were
509:
451:. Following the Russian victory in the
428:in the Middle Ages together with other
144:Originally Karapapakh, nowadays mostly
1131:
1107:
1272:Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide
751:out into another article titled
493:Solduz (present-day Naqadeh) district
344:, Soviet Central Asia (primarily the
7:
79:Regions with significant populations
1430:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1211:Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union
707:their assimilation by the Azeris".
639:Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union
404:—a term traditionally used for any
381:
3323:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)
1274:. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
416:The Karapapakhs were originally a
348:) and the Soviet republics of the
25:
2841:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1477:
1465:
1453:
738:
524:
512:
62:
1164:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
1149:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
1120:Olson, Pappas & Pappas 1994
913:Ercilâsun, Ahmet Bican (1983).
915:Kars ili ağızları: ses bilgisi
453:Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
449:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
1:
1270:; Wimbush, S. Enders (1986).
439:The Karapapakh fought on the
3304:Ethnic minorities in Georgia
1411:10.1080/00210862.2011.637776
1325:; Bulut, Christiane (eds.).
1291:Bournoutian, George (1992).
973:Bennigsen & Wimbush 1986
949:. Reichert. pp. 75–77.
247:language closely related to
3333:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
2892:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
1213:. Kegan Paul International.
392:
3364:
3120:Demographics of Azerbaijan
1321:Brendemoen, Brent (2006).
1063:Rabi & Ter-Oganov 2012
1030:Barthold & Wixman 1978
866:The second edition of the
777:and is closely related to
56:Qarapapaqlar, Karapapaklar
36:
29:
3301:
3114:
2898:
2823:
1942:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
1525:
1426:Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014).
1314:10.1163/1573384X-20170307
1221:& Wixman, R. (1978).
1077:, p. 193 (note 160).
917:(in Turkish). p. 44.
188:
168:
143:
83:
61:
3160:Ethnic groups in Georgia
2810:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2478:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1181:, p. 331 (note 28).
609:Karapapakh falconers in
545:Russian conquest of Kars
543:Several years after the
465:Georgian-Armenian border
276:Georgian-Armenian border
37:Not to be confused with
1967:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
1623:Azerbaijani communities
1435:Wixman, Ronald (1984).
1370:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1254:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1193:, p. 231 (note 6).
945:Andrews, Peter (2002).
487:. Iranian crown prince
274:(along the present-day
27:Turkic tribe and people
2800:Crimean Tatar diaspora
1977:Western Thracian Turks
1912:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
1329:. Harrassowitz Verlag.
891:Encyclopaedia of Islam
869:Encyclopaedia of Islam
829:Azerbaijanis in Turkey
614:
551:, the Karapapakhs (in
236:
232:
224:
216:
3328:Ethnic groups in Iran
2507:Extinct Turkic groups
2465:Turkic minorities in
2412:Turkic minorities in
2383:Turkic minorities in
2181:Turkic minorities in
1659:Georgian Azerbaijanis
1302:Iran and the Caucasus
726:to this present day.
714:reportedly living in
698:, the capital of the
608:
574:Russian Empire Census
457:Treaty of Turkmenchay
288:Treaty of Turkmenchay
184:Related ethnic groups
2825:Central Asian (i.e.
2795:Azerbaijani diaspora
2132:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1770:Turkmen communities
1666:Western Azerbaijanis
1636:Iranian Azerbaijanis
1268:Bennigsen, Alexandre
987:, pp. 190, 192.
834:Iranian Azerbaijanis
659:1970 Soviet censuses
304:1970 Soviet censuses
74:Ottoman Empire, 1901
68:Group of Karapapakh
3338:Turkomans in Turkey
1816:Turkish communities
1682:Javanshir Qizilbash
1295:. Mazda Publishers.
1280:Bournoutian, George
805:Traditional economy
754:Karapapakh language
673:Soviet Central Asia
328:, and adherents of
315:Soviet Central Asia
51:
3343:Azerbaijani tribes
2340:Siberian Bukharans
2142:Chaharmahali Turks
2123:Turkic minorities
2090:Turkic minorities
2009:Turkic minorities
1725:Kyrgyz communities
1694:Kazakh communities
1520:Azerbaijani tribes
1389:. Greenwoon Press.
1122:, p. 346-347.
874:George Bournoutian
683:and others of the
619:1926 Soviet census
615:
579:Caucasian Calendar
455:and the resulting
422:George Bournoutian
258:After moving into
3310:
3309:
3196:Ethnic minorities
3126:
3125:
2858:
2857:
2757:
2756:
2668:
2661:
2622:
2498:Tatars of Romania
2471:
2440:
2397:Mongolian Kazakhs
2368:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2075:
2041:
1952:Palestinian Turks
1947:Montenegrin Turks
1871:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1801:
1792:
1785:
1745:
1716:Mongolian Kazakhs
1684:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1573:
1572:
1484:Georgia (country)
1377:978-90-04-10422-8
771:
770:
766:
617:According to the
443:side against the
408:nomadic people).
390:
278:). They moved to
270:river in eastern
205:
204:
70:Hamidiyeh Cavalry
16:(Redirected from
3355:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3014:Meskhetian Turks
2885:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2805:Turkish diaspora
2664:
2657:
2618:
2469:
2451:Karategin Uzbeks
2436:
2364:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2298:Astrakhan Tatars
2296:
2261:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2167:Iranian Turkmens
2099:Crimean Karaites
2071:
2037:
1937:Macedonian Turks
1902:Dodecanese Turks
1867:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1799:Iranian Turkmens
1797:
1788:
1781:
1741:
1680:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1620:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1390:
1381:
1353:Heinrichs, W. P.
1342:
1330:
1317:
1296:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1226:
1214:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1179:Bournoutian 2017
1176:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1027:
988:
985:Bournoutian 2021
982:
976:
970:
961:
960:
942:
936:
933:Bournoutian 1992
930:
919:
918:
910:
894:
887:
881:
864:
858:
855:
839:Meskhetian Turks
762:
742:
741:
734:
677:Meskhetian Turks
528:
516:
491:handed over the
395:
385:
383:
66:
52:
21:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3297:
3190:
3162:
3157:
3127:
3122:
3110:
3079:Shahdagh people
2894:
2889:
2859:
2854:
2819:
2815:Kazakh diaspora
2783:
2753:
2502:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2422:Afghan Turkmens
2413:
2406:
2384:
2378:
2333:Siberian Tatars
2257:
2182:
2176:
2172:Iranian Kazakhs
2152:Khorasani Turks
2124:
2118:
2091:
2085:
2028:Chinese Kazakhs
2010:
2004:
1987:
1986:Turkic peoples
1981:
1882:Bulgarian Turks
1858:Abkhazian Turks
1811:
1783:Afghan Turkmens
1765:
1720:
1711:Iranian Kazakhs
1706:Chinese Kazakhs
1689:
1609:
1604:
1574:
1569:
1521:
1518:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1434:
1425:
1399:Iranian Studies
1393:
1384:
1378:
1345:Bosworth, C. E.
1333:
1320:
1299:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1241:Bosworth, C. E.
1217:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1191:Brendemoen 2006
1189:
1185:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1036:
1028:
991:
983:
979:
971:
964:
957:
944:
943:
939:
931:
922:
912:
911:
907:
903:
898:
897:
888:
884:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
815:
807:
767:
743:
739:
732:
569:Dagestan Oblast
563:and 9,931 were
541:
540:
539:
536:
529:
520:
517:
430:Turkic-speaking
414:
366:
352:(primarily the
193:
134:
73:
67:
57:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Yenisei Kyrgyz
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Finnish Tatars
2480:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Crimean Tatars
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Chinese Uzbeks
2044:
2043:
2042:
2033:Chinese Kyrgyz
2030:
2025:
2023:Chinese Tatars
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1972:Tunisian Turks
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Romanian Turks
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Lebanese Turks
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Egyptian Turks
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Croatian Turks
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1863:Algerian Turks
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1737:Chinese Kyrgyz
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1662:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:Turkic peoples
1605:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1442:
1441:
1439:. M.E. Sharpe.
1432:
1423:
1405:(3): 333–354.
1391:
1382:
1376:
1349:van Donzel, E.
1331:
1323:Johanson, Lars
1318:
1308:(3): 324–340.
1297:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1229:van Donzel, E.
1224:"Ḳarapapak̲h̲"
1215:
1207:Akiner, Shirin
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1168:
1166:, p. 347.
1153:
1151:, p. 346.
1136:
1124:
1112:
1110:, p. 254.
1091:
1089:, p. 186.
1079:
1067:
1065:, p. 347.
1055:
1053:, p. 832.
1034:
1032:, p. 627.
989:
977:
975:, p. 137.
962:
956:978-3895003257
955:
937:
920:
904:
902:
899:
896:
895:
882:
859:
849:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
814:
811:
806:
803:
769:
768:
746:
744:
737:
731:
728:
643:Azerbaijan SSR
538:
537:
533:Max Karl Tilke
530:
523:
521:
519:Karapapakh man
518:
511:
508:
507:
506:
469:Ottoman Empire
413:
410:
365:
362:
284:Ottoman Empire
231:(Azerbaijani:
203:
202:
191:Turkic peoples
186:
185:
181:
180:
166:
165:
161:
160:
141:
140:
136:
135:
133:
132:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
59:
58:
55:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3360:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3246:Pontic Greeks
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2853:territories).
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Black Klobuks
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:(exc. Russia)
2463:
2457:
2456:Afghan Kyrgyz
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:Mishar Tatars
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:in Uzbekistan
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Serbian Turks
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Kosovan Turks
1920:
1918:
1917:Israeli Turks
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Cypriot Turks
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Bosnian Turks
1875:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Afghan Kyrgyz
1749:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:, p. 95.
1133:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:Tsutsiev 2014
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:Tsutsiev 2014
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:Minorsky 1997
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
981:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
958:
952:
948:
941:
938:
935:, p. 50.
934:
929:
927:
925:
921:
916:
909:
906:
900:
892:
886:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:
863:
860:
854:
851:
844:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
765:
760:
756:
755:
750:
745:
736:
735:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
712:
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:According to
688:
686:
682:
678:
675:, along with
674:
670:
669:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:Shirin Akiner
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:, Iran (1913)
612:
607:
603:
601:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
534:
527:
522:
515:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
398:broken plural
394:
388:
379:
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
311:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
197:
192:
187:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
137:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
82:
77:
71:
65:
60:
53:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3219:Azerbaijanis
3116:
2945:Azerbaijanis
2493:Lipka Tatars
2366:Tozhu Tuvans
2326:Volga Tatars
2039:Akto Turkmen
1932:Libyan Turks
1892:Cretan Turks
1807:Akto Turkmen
1756:Tajik Kyrgyz
1743:Akto Turkmen
1672:
1630:Azerbaijanis
1436:
1427:
1402:
1398:
1386:
1367:
1360:
1335:Minorsky, V.
1326:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1271:
1251:
1244:
1219:Barthold, W.
1210:
1186:
1127:
1115:
1082:
1070:
1058:
980:
946:
940:
914:
908:
890:
885:
877:
867:
862:
853:
808:
786:
775:Oghuz branch
772:
763:
752:
711:Olson et al.
710:
709:
704:Ali-Illahism
692:Olson et al.
691:
689:
685:Georgian SSR
667:
663:
651:Azerbaijanis
638:
616:
592:
577:
556:
542:
497:
483:), south of
438:
426:Western Asia
415:
373:
369:
367:
358:Armenian SSR
354:Georgian SSR
334:Soviet Union
330:Ali-Illahism
319:
309:
296:Azerbaijanis
292:Soviet Union
260:Western Asia
257:
228:
225:Karapapaklar
217:Qarapapaqlar
208:
206:
196:Azerbaijanis
178:Ali-Illahism
46:Ethnic group
43:
3348:Karapapakhs
3181:Mingrelians
3168:Kartvelians
2928:Armeno-Tats
2714:Toquz Oghuz
2653:Oghuz Turks
2620:Sir-Kıvchak
2414:Afghanistan
2157:Qarai Turks
2073:Tor Uyghurs
2052:Fuyu Kyrgyz
2000:Karakalpaks
1869:Kouloughlis
1673:Karapapakhs
1357:Lecomte, G.
1237:Pellat, Ch.
1132:Wixman 1984
1108:Akiner 1983
779:Azerbaijani
764:(July 2024)
627:World War I
586:, and 7 in
549:Kars Oblast
489:Abbas Mirza
249:Azerbaijani
237:Terekemeler
235:; Turkish:
233:Tərəkəmələr
213:Azerbaijani
209:Karapapakhs
194:Especially
170:Sunni Islam
146:Azerbaijani
50:Karapapakhs
39:Karakalpaks
3317:Categories
3293:Lom people
3224:Qarapapaqs
3204:Abkhazians
3029:Qarapapaqs
2992:Karadaghis
2923:Nakhchivan
1761:Van Kyrgyz
1643:Shahsevans
1560:Qarapapaqs
1545:Karadaghis
1472:Azerbaijan
1366:Volume IX:
1250:Volume IV:
901:References
647:Aras River
645:along the
625:following
557:Карапапахи
502:Azerbaijan
485:Lake Urmia
473:Qajar Iran
467:), to the
286:after the
282:, and the
280:Qajar Iran
174:Shia Islam
113:Azerbaijan
108:Kazakhstan
3263:Ossetians
3214:Assyrians
3209:Armenians
3117:See Also:
3064:Terekemes
3002:Sheylanli
2980:Ashkenazi
2955:Georgians
2913:Armenians
2788:Diasporas
2729:Xueyantuo
2719:Uriankhai
2666:Pechenegs
2659:Turkomans
2633:Kutrigurs
2305:Kryashens
2267:Kumandins
2248:Karachays
2228:Besermyan
2203:Telengits
2109:Krymchaks
2092:in Crimea
2057:Ili Turks
1650:Küresünni
1565:Shahsevan
1555:Küresünni
1419:159730844
1395:Rabi, Uzi
1260:758278456
1233:Lewis, B.
700:Uzbek SSR
666:deported
393:Tarākameh
387:romanized
346:Uzbek SSR
308:deported
239:), are a
139:Languages
32:Qarapapaq
18:Karapapak
3278:Russians
3094:Khinalug
3034:Russians
2985:Mountain
2935:Akhvakhs
2839:Turkmens
2827:Turkmeni
2684:Saragurs
2628:Kurykans
2614:Kipchaks
2599:Keraites
2584:Göktürks
2574:Dughlats
2564:Dingling
2534:Berendei
2385:Mongolia
2355:Tofalars
2319:Nağaybäk
2223:Bashkirs
2210:Tubalars
2196:Chelkans
2190:Altaians
2011:in China
1843:Tahtacıs
1836:Muhacirs
1777:Turkmens
1359:(eds.).
1340:"Suldūz"
1337:(1997).
1286:. Brill.
1282:(2021).
1252:Iran–Kha
1243:(eds.).
1209:(1983).
813:See also
730:Language
696:Tashkent
668:en masse
588:Kağızman
445:Russians
418:Turkoman
374:Tarakama
370:Terekeme
356:and the
350:Caucasus
310:en masse
229:Terekeme
164:Religion
125:Lankaran
3236:Germans
3069:Tsakhur
3009:Lezgins
2965:Germans
2960:Garachi
2903:Afshars
2851:Ottoman
2835:Iranian
2831:Afghani
2779:Mughals
2774:Hazaras
2724:Utigurs
2699:Türgesh
2674:Onogurs
2648:Nushibi
2643:Naimans
2604:Khazars
2594:Karluks
2549:Chigils
2544:Bulgars
2529:Barsils
2467:Europe
2446:Ansarlu
2392:Khotons
2350:Teleuts
2243:Dolgans
2238:Chuvash
2233:Chulyms
2218:Balkars
2162:Qashqai
2147:Khalajs
2125:in Iran
2067:Uyghurs
1790:Ansarlu
1701:Kazakhs
1615:Peoples
1530:Afshars
1446:Portals
1368:San–Sze
1200:Sources
783:Turkish
759:Discuss
611:Naqadeh
595:Naqadeh
584:Ardahan
553:Russian
498:dastehs
481:Naqadeh
447:in the
441:Iranian
420:group.
412:History
402:Turkmen
389::
272:Georgia
253:Turkish
221:Turkish
158:Russian
154:Persian
150:Turkish
129:Shirvan
121:Sumgait
98:Georgia
3241:Greeks
3084:Budukh
3054:Tatars
3049:Talysh
3019:Padars
2970:Greeks
2940:Ayrums
2847:Syrian
2769:Abdals
2762:Others
2749:Yabaku
2739:Yueban
2689:Shatuo
2679:Sabirs
2638:Merkit
2589:Kangly
2579:Esegel
2559:Cumans
2539:Bulaqs
2524:Basmyl
2488:Gagauz
2438:Timuri
2432:Aimaqs
2427:Afshar
2374:Yakuts
2360:Tuvans
2292:Tatars
2287:Soyots
2277:Nogais
2272:Kumyks
2259:Koibal
2253:Khakas
2183:Russia
2137:Afshar
2081:Yugurs
1995:Uzbeks
1850:Yörüks
1732:Kyrgyz
1550:Qajars
1535:Ayrums
1417:
1374:
1355:&
1258:
1239:&
953:
819:Ayrums
795:Kangal
791:Arabic
623:Turkey
561:Sunnis
535:(1915)
434:Mongol
406:Turkic
396:, the
382:تراكمة
378:Arabic
376:(from
338:Turkey
322:Sunnis
264:Mongol
241:Turkic
227:), or
189:Other
103:Russia
88:Turkey
3283:Turks
3268:Poles
3258:Kurds
3253:Kists
3186:Svans
3099:Kryts
3074:Turks
3044:Serbs
3039:Rutul
3024:Poles
2997:Kurds
2950:Avars
2908:Arabs
2843:Iraqi
2744:Yagma
2709:Torks
2704:Tuhsi
2694:Tiele
2609:Kimek
2569:Duolu
2402:Dukha
2282:Shors
2114:Urums
2062:Salar
1829:Gajal
1823:Turks
1540:Bayat
1415:S2CID
1343:. In
1227:. In
878:Türki
845:Notes
799:Sivas
749:split
724:Iğdır
681:Kurds
631:Turks
600:Kurds
565:Shias
461:Debed
326:Shias
268:Debed
245:Oghuz
200:Turks
3288:Jews
3273:Roma
3231:Bats
3176:Lazs
3059:Tats
2975:Jews
2918:Baku
2845:and
2833:and
2514:Alat
2018:Äynu
1460:Iran
1372:ISBN
1256:OCLC
951:ISBN
781:and
722:and
720:Kars
716:Iran
657:and
655:1959
477:Kars
471:and
432:and
400:for
364:Name
342:Iran
302:and
300:1959
251:and
207:The
198:and
176:and
156:and
117:Baku
93:Iran
3106:Udi
3089:Jek
1407:doi
1310:doi
797:in
757:. (
671:to
637:'s
372:or
360:).
313:to
3319::
2837:)
2829:,
2519:Az
1413:.
1403:45
1401:.
1364:.
1351:;
1347:;
1306:21
1304:.
1248:.
1235:;
1231:;
1171:^
1156:^
1139:^
1094:^
1037:^
992:^
965:^
923:^
880:".
801:.
761:)
687:.
679:,
661:.
602:.
590:.
555:,
504:.
384:,
380::
340:,
324:,
317:.
223::
219:;
215::
172:,
152:,
148:,
127:,
123:,
119:,
3152:e
3145:t
3138:v
2884:e
2877:t
2870:v
1599:e
1592:t
1585:v
1513:e
1506:t
1499:v
1448::
1421:.
1409::
1380:.
1316:.
1312::
1262:.
959:.
893:.
211:(
131:)
72:,
41:.
34:.
20:)
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