559:
739:. Louis came to Bavaria to receive the recognition of the aristocracy as future king. By Easter he had left, and Arnulf took control of the kingdom in his father's name. He dismissed some prominent counts, who appealed to Louis to restore them. Carloman tried to legitimise Arnulf's actions by adding his son's name to the prayer provisions of his charters, but in November Louis came to Bavaria to force a resolution of the succession. He restored the deposed counts and Carloman formally abdicated his Bavarian throne to his brother. He also placed Arnulf under Louis's protection. His brother Charles dated his reign in Italy from November 879, so presumably Carloman abdicated that kingdom at the same time as Bavaria.
445:, who was appointed governor of eastern marches by king Louis (863), prince Carloman remained in his father custody until 864, when he escaped and returned to Carantania. Welcomed by supporters, he assumed power in the province. At that time, king Louis was campaigning against Moravia, but ceased further operations and moved south, towards Carantania. Conflict was avoided by reconciliation. Father and son met and reached an agreement. Carloman submitted to his father and in return he was granted governorship over eastern marches.
649:. Although the monastery was reportedly built during the eighth century, the first record of its dedication to Cristina is found in Carloman's charter. In a letter of 7 June 879, Pope John, having failed to convince Louis the Stammerer, Charles the Bald's heir, to come to Italy for its defence, appealed to Carloman, whom he had previously rejected. It was too late; by then Carloman was incapacitated. Shortly before his abdication, he granted a complex of estates around Olona to the
4015:
4605:
683:
4329:
2340:
374:
764:
with his father, and even more without him. He always returned the victor in triumph and expanded the borders of his empire with glorious iron. He was mild to his own men and a living terror to his enemies. He was charming in speech, humble, and endowed with great cleverness for managing the business of the realm. He was so skilled that he was the very embodiment of royal majesty.
626:, or temporal authority in the district outside the city walls, was the first grant of its kind to a bishop. By the time of Carloman's death, the confirmation of a predecessor's concessions to the episcopate and the negotiating of new ones in exchange for support had become an Italian tradition. In 876, Charles had granted Pope John jurisdictional rights in the duchies of
4148:
605:. The lure of Italy was "the looting which was apparently acceptable when a king first took over a kingdom", providing rewards that could be shared out among followers and more than offset the cost of raising an army and crossing the Alps. Carloman was one of only two Carolingian kings of Italy—his brother and successor Charles being the other—who did not issue a
601:, Charles had to offer him "a huge sum in gold and silver and precious stones" to get him to leave Italy. On 28 August 876, Louis died and his sons became kings in their allotted kingdoms. On 6 October 877, Charles the Bald died and later that month Carloman succeeded in having himself elected King of Italy by the nobles assembled in
319:. His first record public appearance is as the leader of an army of reinforcements from Bavaria and Alemannia which he brought to his father at Worms in 842. He subsequently led them in battle alongside his father and uncle (Charles the Bald) against his other uncle (Lothair). It was the beginning of a warlike career.
464:
was also captured and sent to
Carloman. In 871, he managed to capture Svatopluk, thus establishing direct control over the entire principality, but soon decided to reinstall him, in order to pacify the country. That proved to be disastrous, since Svatopluk, as soon as reaching Moravia, turned against
763:
That most excellent king was learned in letters, devoted to the
Christian religion, just, peaceful, and morally upright. The beauty of his body was exceptional, and his physical strength was a wonder to behold. He possessed a very warlike spirit. He waged numerous wars against the Slavic kingdoms
417:
Gaining the first foothold of power in
Carantania, Carloman moved to assume a more prominent role in governorship over the frontier regions of his father's realm. Starting from 857, Carloman was an occasional witness to his father's charters, and already in 858 he was appointed to lead a military
513:. Princes were to become rulers of designated domains only upon their father's death. None of them was given the title of a king during his father's lifetime, but their position within the state affairs was regulated in detail, with king Louis keeping all of the main prerogatives of royal power.
530:
describe as "the greatest of all the king's great men". This marriage must have taken place before Ernest's disgrace and dismissal in 861, for Louis the German strongly disapproved of his second son's seeking a marriage with family that had likewise been disgraced in 858–59.
425:
In 861, Carloman came into conflict with several frontier commanders in southeastern regions, expelled them from their offices, and replaced them with his loyals. That move was made without his fathers consent, and by 862 an open conflict erupted, with
Carloman siding with
357:), yet had never been used by a reigning king and was thus appropriate for an illegitimate eldest son. The choice of the name is the surest evidence that Liutswind and Carloman were not legally married. Around 860, Arnulf and his cousin,
542:, Carloman's mother, Emma, was encouraging her husband to favour Carloman over his brothers. This is the first recorded involvement of Emma in politics, and it may relate to Louis's illness during 869–70. On the other hand, historian
558:
484:
In order to prevent future dynastic conflicts, king Louis decided to regulate the position of his three sons within the government. In 865, an arrangement on the future succession was reached and promulgated in
1245:: DCCCLXXVIII. Karlomannus rex circumseptus ad Ergoltinga ab Ermenperto comite et ceteris sodalibus suis. Ermpertus in Franciam receptus a Ludowico. DCCCLXXX. Karlomannus rex obiit X kal. October.
414:. Instead, Carloman was given rule over the inner region (Carantania), in order do gain experience, and perhaps because his father wanted to keep him from trying to seize too much power.
342:
was rewarded for his service in defending the
Bavarian frontier. In the charter confirming the grant, Carloman signed his name first among the secular magnates (after the ecclesiastics).
751:(879) record that he lost his voice, but was still able to communicate by writing. Regino of Prüm, writing in his chronicle for the year 880, recalls that he was "erudite in letters" (
438:. An attempted reconciliation and truce between father and son failed, and in 863 king Louis invaded his son's territory, forced Carloman into submission, and took him into custody.
694:. He dedicated it to the Virgin Mary and "numerous other saints whose relics we were able to collect with God's help". He appointed his father's friend, the linguistic scholar
618:(royal representatives) in their dioceses. He added to the new regulation by expanding the jurisdiction of individual bishops to gain their loyalty. His grant to Bishop
516:
At the same time, all of king's sons married into the local aristocracy of the regions marked out for them. Carloman married the daughter of a
Bavarian military leader (
2302:
3878:
1729:
365:
at the court of their grandfather, who was probably overseeing their military education and also holding them to ensure the good behaviour of their fathers.
1369:
4727:
3084:
448:
Carloman's letter to his father from 869 survives, describing conditions on the frontier. In 870, he succeeded in establishing
Frankish domination over
1242:
349:. This was Carloman's first politically independent action, and it confirms his close connection to Bavaria. Around 850, Liutswind bore him a son,
4732:
772:
place it on 21 September. He was buried in the chapel of his palace at Ötting. Carloman left one illegitimate son, Arnulf, who continued as
47:
3621:
2864:
2295:
719:
Carloman groomed his illegitimate son Arnulf for the succession in
Bavaria. In a charter issued at Regensburg, he called him "regal son" (
4722:
1443:
Medieval
European Coinage, With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Volume 1: The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th Centuries)
3331:
345:
In the 840s, Carloman had a liaison with
Liutswind, daughter of the Bavarian count Ratolt and sister-in-law of Count Sigihard of the
4525:
3871:
3040:
2092:
2072:
2052:
1722:
1461:
1428:
1348:
4477:
3842:
3629:
3000:
2097:
2087:
2057:
1944:
594:
442:
735:, but also detractors, who appealed to Carloman's brother Louis. In early 879, Carloman was incapacitated by illness, perhaps a
4670:
4633:
3681:
2960:
2611:
2288:
2117:
2067:
1909:
296:
Carloman's birth date is unknown, but was probably around 828 or 830. His naming can be connected to his father's push to rule
4248:
4066:
4051:
3571:
3077:
3024:
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2175:
2137:
2132:
2112:
2013:
597:, one of Louis II's most favored houses. In the diploma Carloman declared himself Louis's chosen successor. According to the
305:
2190:
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at the beginning of his reign in order to proclaim his legitimacy and affirm his keeping to traditions of good government.
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3363:
3283:
3048:
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2127:
2122:
2102:
2077:
2062:
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1998:
1875:
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1230:
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4679:
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2896:
2107:
2082:
2003:
1929:
1880:
1865:
1860:
1715:
460:, ruling prince of Moravia, and gave him over to Carloman. During the following Frankish invasion, Moravian archbishop
3809:
3761:
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1939:
1904:
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2147:
2030:
2019:
461:
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1988:
28:
585:
died and his kingdom was claimed by Louis the German for his sons Carloman and Charles and by Charles the Bald.
3998:
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3612:
3499:
3491:
3451:
3443:
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2199:
2025:
593:, sided with Charles the Bald. Carloman led an army into Italy, where he granted a diploma to the monastery of
4757:
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3793:
3705:
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3475:
3411:
3291:
2425:
1820:
1738:
1472:
353:. This name was chosen because it was distinctly dynastic (the founder of the Carolingian family was Bishop
311:
Carloman was old enough to participate in the civil war of 840–43, waged between his father and his uncles,
3936:
3219:
3163:
2799:
2180:
1949:
453:
1530:
4416:
3913:, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.
3195:
3147:
2968:
1966:
1914:
1886:
773:
698:, as his chancellor. In 878, he may have been the object of an assassination attempt. According to the
695:
1453:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire
4407:
4393:
3179:
3155:
3114:
2976:
2843:
2212:
2166:
2047:
1977:
1954:
1924:
776:
during the reigns of Carloman's brothers, but in 887 became king of East Francia and in 896 emperor.
635:
575:
427:
320:
4752:
4717:
4712:
4507:
4503:
4441:
4397:
4317:
4180:
4175:
4110:
3891:
3547:
3203:
3187:
2829:
2794:
2763:
2728:
2656:
2356:
2348:
1993:
1983:
1971:
1809:
1780:
1751:
1526:
732:
713:
650:
476:, between king Louis and envoys of Svatopluk, thus concluding the state of war on eastern borders.
350:
237:
185:
173:
4014:
1546:
727:), which was the standard title of a legitimate royal son. This policy had supporters, like Abbot
521:
4613:
4585:
4576:
4517:
4375:
4279:
4023:
3986:
3932:
3211:
3119:
3109:
2944:
2777:
2008:
1899:
1836:
1800:
1502:
1405:
1397:
1380:
700:
642:, who had always claimed the rights as royal representatives which Charles had offered the pope.
639:
563:
526:
506:
498:
411:
4655:
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4622:
4521:
4463:
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2449:
1841:
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1457:
1424:
1344:
728:
631:
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89:
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2704:
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2036:
1934:
1814:
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1630:
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1484:
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627:
543:
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316:
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195:
114:
79:
1362:
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4379:
4337:
4190:
4056:
3928:
3267:
2904:
2813:
2736:
2720:
1893:
1785:
1775:
1682:
1647:
1610:
1438:
666:(pennies) minted at Milan and Pavia. Those minted at Milan generally bore the inscription
510:
494:
285:
269:
217:
124:
61:
3856:
645:
In 879, Carloman donated land to the monastery of Santa Cristina by the royal palace at
4469:
4352:
4299:
4257:
4185:
4042:
3959:
3467:
3129:
2880:
2672:
1919:
1850:
1826:
1514:
756:
682:
619:
614:
586:
469:
399:
358:
354:
327:(literally "most warlike", or in historian Eric Goldberg's words a "real ass-kicker").
301:
225:
4328:
2280:
406:). Since this was his first governorship, Louis did not give him rule over the entire
4706:
4198:
4082:
4061:
3483:
3227:
2821:
2311:
2250:
1637:
1506:
1488:
1409:
1358:
662:
449:
419:
276:
in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a
96:
674:. All had a stylised temple on one side. Carloman did not issue coinage in Bavaria.
384:
In 856, Louis first associated Carloman with his rule by appointing him governor of
4554:
1795:
1746:
709:
395:
245:
46:
2339:
1451:
1418:
1338:
4512:
4166:
4093:
2758:
2664:
1960:
1567:
435:
373:
4147:
1473:"Legislation and Politics in Late Carolingian Italy: The Ravenna Constitutions"
612:
In Italy, Carloman confirmed his predecessor's act that made bishops permanent
4567:
4455:
4389:
4216:
2643:
2619:
2595:
2269:
1677:
654:
646:
606:
385:
377:
331:
323:, who bewailed the decline of the dynasty a generation later, called Carloman
253:
4362:
4156:
4032:
3970:
3946:
3919:
3887:
2838:
2688:
2587:
2547:
2523:
2507:
2372:
2364:
1373:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 342–343.
705:
486:
473:
457:
346:
312:
297:
1340:
Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907
1109:
1107:
704:, the king "was surrounded by Count Ermenpert and some of his soldiers" at
691:
159:
140:
1420:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876
280:, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to
4384:
3275:
2808:
2772:
2603:
2579:
2571:
2555:
2539:
2515:
2475:
2156:
430:
and taking control over all southeastern regions, advancing further into
17:
2635:
2627:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2467:
2459:
2388:
2380:
2326:
1401:
362:
339:
180:
1707:
1497:
472:, including those made to Carloman, a peace settlement was reached in
2563:
2433:
2404:
2396:
736:
277:
252:, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him governor of
233:
1393:
3062:
3910:
2441:
681:
602:
567:
557:
372:
249:
205:
1292:
1290:
361:, the illegitimate son of Carloman's brother Louis, were both in
2412:
493:. Bavaria and southeastern marches were designated to Carloman,
330:
In October 848, Carloman was present at his father's council in
308:
had ruled Alemannia in 741–48, and subjugated it to the Franks.
3860:
3643:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
3066:
2284:
1711:
1537:. Vol. 15. Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot. pp. 397–400.
1378:
Engreen, Fred E. (1945). "Pope John the Eighth and the Arabs".
1253:
1251:
885:
883:
690:
In Bavaria, Carloman re-founded the palace and monastery at
1553:. Vol. 11. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot. pp. 275f.
802:
800:
1062:
1060:
768:
Most sources place Carloman's death in March 880, but the
410:, with traditional seat of frontier governor (prefect) at
304:
in 829. The first member of the Carolingian dynasty named
1136:
1134:
1079:
1077:
1075:
858:
856:
854:
380:
and eastern regions in the second half of the 9th century
4570:
from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.
1175:
1173:
912:
910:
1094:
1092:
927:
925:
829:
827:
634:. After his succession, Carloman supported the dukes,
465:
Carloman, inflicting severe losses on Frankish army.
1226:
1224:
4669:
4645:
4612:
4575:
4553:
4491:
4425:
4406:
4361:
4336:
4298:
4278:
4247:
4215:
4165:
4155:
4127:
4107:
4081:
4041:
4022:
3985:
3945:
3918:
3813:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
3661:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
3652:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
2863:
2748:
2655:
2424:
2347:
2319:
2249:
2230:
2211:
2189:
2165:
2146:
1835:
1794:
1745:
589:, dealing with the constant threat of raiders from
562:An original charter in which Carloman confirms the
201:
191:
179:
167:
154:
146:
134:
130:
120:
110:
102:
95:
85:
75:
67:
60:
39:
3608:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
1343:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1113:
546:thought Carloman must have been a "mamma's boy" (
260:in 864. Upon his father's death in 876 he became
686:Carolingian empire in 876, with Bavaria in blue
27:"Karlmann" redirects here. For other uses, see
394:(863), he was given the title "prelate of the
3872:
3078:
2296:
1723:
759:. Regino's entire encomium on Carloman goes:
8:
3757:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
1531:"Karlmann, König von Baiern und von Italien"
1519:Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056
1364:"Carloman (King of Bavaria and Italy)"
300:around the time of his father's assembly of
538:, at the time being composed by Archbishop
4561:
4345:
4286:
4162:
4115:
3951:
3879:
3865:
3857:
3085:
3071:
3063:
2303:
2289:
2281:
1730:
1716:
1708:
1558:
45:
36:
3709:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
3701:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
1496:
1456:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
818:
1445:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1423:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1296:
1203:
1066:
1039:
1027:
901:
889:
874:
862:
845:
806:
791:
1308:
1281:
1257:
1179:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1125:
1083:
784:
723:), a term similar to "the king's son" (
468:In 873, after several interventions of
3781:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
1320:
1269:
1215:
1191:
1098:
1051:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
916:
833:
369:Guardian of the southeastern frontiers
256:in 856, and commander of southeastern
4566:West Francia was in the hands of the
7:
747:Regarding Carloman's condition, the
708:, but the count apparently fled to
3733:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
653:, which had been founded by Queen
25:
4728:9th-century kings of East Francia
55:), from a 12th-century manuscript
4603:
4327:
4146:
4013:
3717:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
2338:
1687:856–863 and 864–876
1489:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2010.00304.x
232:; c. 830 – 22 March 880) was a
3805:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
3725:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
1535:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
755:), which meant he could write
534:By the 870s, according to the
334:, where the Slavic commander (
1:
3617:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
3599:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
3511:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
1114:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
489:, thus becoming known as the
4733:9th-century dukes of Bavaria
670:, while those of Pavia bore
3730:Stephen III the Magnificent
1337:Bowlus, Charles R. (1995).
712:, where he was received by
452:, through arrangement with
264:. He was appointed by King
240:. He was the eldest son of
4774:
4723:9th-century kings of Italy
4313:Pepin, Count of Vermandois
3564:Henry XV the Natternberger
3551:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
2232:North German Confederation
2148:Confederation of the Rhine
1603:as King of Eastern Francia
1441:; Blackburn, Mark (1986).
1417:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
268:as his successor, but the
26:
4601:
4564:
4348:
4325:
4289:
4232:
4144:
4118:
4011:
3954:
3898:
3613:Louis V the Brandenburger
3143:
3100:
2336:
1674:
1654:
1644:
1627:
1608:
1588:
1561:
566:in its possession of the
456:, who captured his uncle
44:
29:Carloman (disambiguation)
3903:Legend: → ≡ "father of",
3827:Albert V the Magnanimous
3810:William IV the Steadfast
3746:Louis VIII the Hunchback
3324:Henry II the Quarrelsome
2751:(title disputed 887–933)
2200:Archduke John of Austria
1689:
1659:
1635:
1617:
1593:
1551:Neue Deutsche Biographie
53:Karlomannus rex Bawariae
3749:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
3741:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
1471:MacLean, Simon (2010).
1450:MacLean, Simon (2003).
1370:Encyclopædia Britannica
1116:, pp. 227 and 253.
1006:, p. 161-164, 170.
660:In Italy, Carloman had
595:San Clemente a Casauria
418:expedition against the
272:was taken by his uncle
4121:Sons of Charles Martel
3937:Childebert the Adopted
3693:(Straubing: 1417-1425)
3685:(Straubing: 1417-1429)
3677:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
3669:(Straubing: 1389–1397)
3415:(1070–1077, 1096–1101)
3391:(1053–1054, 1055–1061)
3359:(1004–1009, 1017–1026)
766:
687:
578:
403:
381:
229:
221:
3888:Pippinids, Arnulfings
3797:(Landshut: 1479–1503)
3789:(Landshut: 1450–1479)
3738:Louis VII the Bearded
3690:John III the Pitiless
3351:(995–1004, 1009–1017)
3340:Henry III the Younger
3260:Louis III the Younger
1477:Early Medieval Europe
1299:, p. 210 n. 127.
774:margrave of Carinthia
761:
685:
561:
491:Division of Frankfurt
480:Division of Frankfurt
376:
4318:Counts of Vermandois
3714:Frederick I the Wise
3500:Otto the Illustrious
3460:Henry XI Jasomirgott
2961:Lothair III (or II)
2314:between 476 and 1556
2213:German Confederation
2167:German Confederation
1563:Carloman of Bavaria
1527:Riezler, Sigmund von
877:, pp. 142, 156.
458:Rastislav of Moravia
428:Rastislav of Moravia
404:praelatus Carantanis
321:Notker of Saint Gall
4748:Carolingian dynasty
4671:Charles of Lorraine
4634:Charles of Lorraine
4504:Louis the Stammerer
4292:Sons of Charlemagne
4181:Charles the Younger
4176:Pepin the Hunchback
3835:William V the Pious
3773:(Munich: 1460–1463)
3765:(Munich: 1438–1460)
3508:Louis II the Strict
3487:(Regent: 1183–1191)
3287:(Margrave: 895–907)
3279:(Margrave: 890–895)
3244:Louis II the German
1752:Carolingian dynasty
1739:Monarchs of Germany
1568:Carolingian dynasty
904:, p. 265 n. 3.
733:monks of Saint Gall
714:Louis the Stammerer
651:church of San Sisto
388:. According to the
238:Carolingian dynasty
71:28 August 876 – 879
4577:Charles the Simple
4518:Charles the Simple
3802:Albert IV the Wise
3754:Henry XVI the Rich
3625:(Upper: 1361–1363)
3591:(Lower: 1339–1340)
3583:(Lower: 1310–1339)
3575:(Lower: 1310–1334)
3567:(Lower: 1312–1333)
3559:(Upper: 1294–1317)
3543:(Lower: 1290–1312)
3535:(Lower: 1290–1310)
3527:(Lower: 1290–1296)
3519:(Lower: 1253–1290)
3468:Henry XII the Lion
3436:Henry IX the Black
3327:(955–976, 985–995)
3120:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
1837:Kingdom of Germany
1801:Kingdom of Germany
1543:Schieffer, Theodor
1260:, pp. 134–36.
1030:, p. 275-276.
1018:, p. 183-184.
982:, p. 140-151.
970:, p. 128-133.
892:, pp. 264–65.
770:Annales Iuvavenses
701:Annales Iuvavenses
688:
581:On 12 August 875,
579:
564:Abbey of Nonantola
536:Annales Bertiniani
527:Annales Bertiniani
441:Replaced by count
434:, up to the river
382:
4743:Frankish warriors
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4522:Charles the Child
4464:Louis the Younger
4372:Louis II of Italy
4274:
4273:
4243:
4242:
4103:
4102:
3999:Hugh of Champagne
3854:
3853:
3794:George I the Rich
3786:Louis IX the Rich
3135:Bavaria-Straubing
3060:
3059:
2871:Holy Roman Empire
2278:
2277:
2204:
2203:(Imperial Regent)
1842:Holy Roman Empire
1771:Louis the Younger
1706:
1705:
1702:
1690:Succeeded by
1672:
1645:Succeeded by
1621:Louis the Younger
1618:Succeeded by
1606:
1155:, pp. 91–92.
809:, pp. 60–61.
753:litteris eruditus
749:Annales Fuldenses
743:Illness and death
673:
669:
599:Annales Fuldenses
583:Louis II of Italy
503:Louis the Younger
408:March of Pannonia
391:Annales Fuldenses
282:Louis the Younger
266:Louis II of Italy
211:
210:
16:(Redirected from
4765:
4738:Kings of Bavaria
4607:
4562:
4529:Lothair the Lame
4493:Charles the Bald
4427:Louis the German
4346:
4331:
4287:
4163:
4150:
4116:
4017:
3964:Chlodulf of Metz
3952:
3906:* ≡ "brother of"
3881:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3588:John I the Child
3476:Otto the Redhead
3404:Otto of Nordheim
3125:Bavaria-Landshut
3105:Duchy of Bavaria
3094:Dukes of Bavaria
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2865:Kingdom of Italy
2855:
2847:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2803:
2789:
2781:
2767:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2445:
2437:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2342:
2330:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2202:
1761:Louis the German
1732:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1696:
1666:
1660:Preceded by
1631:Charles the Bald
1628:Preceded by
1600:
1597:Louis the German
1594:Preceded by
1584:
1577:
1559:
1554:
1538:
1522:
1510:
1500:
1467:
1446:
1439:Grierson, Philip
1434:
1413:
1374:
1366:
1354:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1246:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
920:
914:
905:
899:
893:
887:
878:
872:
866:
860:
849:
843:
837:
831:
822:
816:
810:
804:
795:
789:
678:Ruler of Bavaria
671:
667:
568:rural baptistery
540:Hincmar of Reims
317:Charles the Bald
274:Charles the Bald
270:Kingdom of Italy
258:frontier marches
242:Louis the German
49:
37:
21:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4692:
4665:
4641:
4608:
4599:
4571:
4556:
4541:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4496:
4487:
4480:
4474:Charles the Fat
4472:
4462:
4446:Louis the Child
4430:
4421:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4380:Louis the Blind
4357:
4341:
4338:Louis the Pious
4332:
4323:
4294:
4281:
4270:
4239:
4228:
4211:
4191:Louis the Pious
4151:
4142:
4123:
4109:
4099:
4077:
4037:
4018:
4009:
3981:
3941:
3914:
3909:
3894:
3885:
3855:
3850:
3271:(King: 882–887)
3268:Charles the Fat
3263:(King: 880–882)
3255:(King: 876–880)
3247:(King: 817–843)
3139:
3096:
3091:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2873:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2801:
2787:
2779:
2765:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2443:
2435:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2315:
2309:
2279:
2274:
2245:
2226:
2207:
2185:
2161:
2142:
2009:Frederick (III)
1840:
1831:
1799:
1790:
1786:Louis the Child
1776:Charles the Fat
1750:
1741:
1736:
1695:
1686:
1683:Pannonian March
1680:
1665:
1650:
1648:Charles the Fat
1641:
1633:
1623:
1614:
1611:King of Bavaria
1599:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1541:
1525:
1515:Reuter, Timothy
1513:
1470:
1464:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1416:
1394:10.2307/2854614
1377:
1357:
1351:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1249:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
923:
915:
908:
900:
896:
888:
881:
873:
869:
861:
852:
844:
840:
832:
825:
817:
813:
805:
798:
790:
786:
782:
745:
680:
672:HCARLEMANNVS RE
556:
511:Charles the Fat
482:
371:
325:bellicosissimus
294:
286:Charles the Fat
262:King of Bavaria
163:
139:
62:King of Bavaria
56:
35:
34:King of Bavaria
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4760:
4758:Frankish kings
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4705:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4559:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4467:
4459:
4453:
4448:
4434:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4368:
4366:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4353:Arnulf of Sens
4349:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4305:
4303:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4160:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4086:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4043:Charles Martel
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3960:Arnulf of Metz
3955:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3130:Bavaria-Munich
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3046:
3041:Frederick III
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2849:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2805:
2791:
2783:
2769:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2447:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2312:Kings of Italy
2310:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2222:Franz Joseph I
2218:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Lothair II/III
1907:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1688:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1655:Other offices
1652:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1642:877–880
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1615:876–880
1607:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1589:Regnal titles
1586:
1585:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1523:
1511:
1483:(4): 394–416.
1468:
1462:
1447:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1375:
1361:, ed. (1911).
1359:Chisholm, Hugh
1355:
1349:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1323:, p. 117.
1313:
1311:, p. 141.
1301:
1286:
1284:, p. 147.
1274:
1262:
1247:
1220:
1218:, p. 116.
1208:
1206:, p. 183.
1196:
1184:
1169:
1167:, p. 412.
1157:
1145:
1143:, p. 407.
1130:
1128:, p. 399.
1118:
1103:
1088:
1086:, p. 325.
1071:
1069:, p. 305.
1056:
1044:
1042:, p. 267.
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
960:
958:, p. 126.
948:
946:, p. 125.
936:
921:
919:, p. 119.
906:
894:
879:
867:
865:, p. 247.
850:
848:, p. 107.
838:
823:
819:Schieffer 1977
811:
796:
783:
781:
778:
744:
741:
729:Regino of Prüm
721:filius regalis
679:
676:
620:Wibod of Parma
615:missi dominici
587:Pope John VIII
555:
554:Ruler of Italy
552:
548:Muttersöhnchen
481:
478:
470:Pope John VIII
370:
367:
355:Arnulf of Metz
293:
290:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
158:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4091:Nibelung I →
4090:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:Childebrand I
4080:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:Agnes of Loon
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:(c.716–c.719)
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:(c.716–c.719)
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:(c.716–c.719)
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Lower Bavaria
3113:
3111:
3110:Upper Bavaria
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:Frederick II
2999:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Frederick III
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:German Empire
2248:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:German Empire
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Ferdinand III
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:Maximilian II
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Frederick III
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1638:King of Italy
1632:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1463:9781139440295
1459:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:9780801438905
1426:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:(3): 318–30.
1387:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1350:9780812232769
1346:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:Goldberg 2006
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:, p. 83.
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:Goldberg 2006
1200:
1197:
1194:, p. 87.
1193:
1188:
1185:
1182:, p. 94.
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:, p. 75.
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:Goldberg 2006
1063:
1061:
1057:
1054:, p. 76.
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:Goldberg 2006
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:Goldberg 2006
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:, p. 90.
993:
988:
985:
981:
976:
973:
969:
964:
961:
957:
952:
949:
945:
940:
937:
934:, p. 73.
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
902:Goldberg 2006
898:
895:
891:
890:Goldberg 2006
886:
884:
880:
876:
875:Goldberg 2006
871:
868:
864:
863:Goldberg 2006
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:Goldberg 2006
842:
839:
836:, p. 72.
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
812:
808:
807:Goldberg 2006
803:
801:
797:
793:
792:Chisholm 1911
788:
785:
779:
777:
775:
771:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
684:
677:
675:
665:
664:
658:
657:in Piacenza.
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
591:Muslim Sicily
588:
584:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
544:Ernst Dümmler
541:
537:
532:
529:
528:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
477:
475:
471:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Great Moravia
446:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
423:
421:
420:Great Moravia
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
387:
379:
375:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
287:
284:and Italy to
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
97:King of Italy
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
4437:
4383:
4316:
4291:
4120:
4111:Carolingians
4092:
3969:
3958:
3892:Carolingians
3845:
3843:Maximilian I
3837:
3829:
3821:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
2977:Frederick I
2844:Berengar II
2837:
2807:
2793:
2771:
2757:
2749:Non-dynastic
2721:Charles III
2712:
2665:Charlemagne
2657:Carolingians
2450:
2320:Non-dynastic
2098:Ferdinand IV
2088:Ferdinand II
2058:Maximilian I
2035:
2018:
1976:
1961:Henry (VIII)
1959:
1945:Frederick II
1900:Conrad (III)
1892:
1885:
1819:
1796:East Francia
1765:
1747:East Francia
1698:
1697:
1676:Governor of
1675:
1668:
1667:
1636:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1583:22 March 880
1580:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1534:
1518:
1480:
1476:
1452:
1442:
1419:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1339:
1316:
1309:MacLean 2003
1304:
1282:MacLean 2010
1277:
1265:
1258:MacLean 2003
1238:
1234:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1180:MacLean 2003
1165:MacLean 2010
1160:
1153:MacLean 2003
1148:
1141:MacLean 2010
1126:MacLean 2010
1121:
1084:Engreen 1945
1047:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
897:
870:
841:
814:
787:
769:
767:
762:
752:
748:
746:
725:filius regis
724:
720:
718:
710:West Francia
699:
689:
668:CARLOMAN REX
661:
659:
644:
623:
613:
611:
598:
580:
571:
547:
535:
533:
525:
517:
515:
490:
483:
467:
447:
440:
424:
416:
396:Carantanians
389:
383:
344:
335:
329:
324:
310:
295:
246:East Francia
236:king of the
213:
212:
150:22 March 880
52:
4513:Carloman II
4280:Carolingian
4167:Charlemagne
4094:Nibelungids
3927:Carloman →
3846:(1597–1623)
3838:(1579–1597)
3830:(1550–1579)
3822:(1516–1545)
3698:William III
3634:(1347–1365)
3503:(1231–1253)
3495:(1183–1231)
3479:(1180–1183)
3471:(1156–1180)
3463:(1143–1156)
3455:(1139–1141)
3447:(1126–1138)
3439:(1120–1126)
3431:(1101–1120)
3423:(1077–1096)
3407:(1061–1070)
3399:(1054–1055)
3383:(1049–1053)
3375:(1042–1047)
3367:(1026–1042)
3236:Tassilo III
3175:(c.680–716)
3164:Garibald II
3051:(1530–1556)
3043:(1452–1493)
3035:(1431–1437)
3027:(1355–1378)
3025:Charles IV
3019:(1327–1347)
3011:(1311–1313)
3003:(1212–1250)
2995:(1209–1212)
2987:(1186–1197)
2979:(1154–1186)
2971:(1138–1152)
2969:Conrad III
2963:(1125–1137)
2955:(1106–1125)
2947:(1093–1101)
2939:(1056–1105)
2931:(1039–1056)
2923:(1026–1039)
2915:(1004–1024)
2907:(1002–1014)
2830:Lothair II
2764:Berengar I
2759:Unruochings
2705:Charles II
2644:Desiderius
2620:Hildeprand
2596:Aripert II
2451:Interregnum
2253:(1871–1918)
2234:(1867–1871)
2215:(1850–1866)
2193:(1848/1849)
2181:Ferdinand I
2169:(1815–1848)
2150:(1806–1813)
2118:Charles VII
2068:Ferdinand I
1950:Henry (VII)
1925:Frederick I
1321:Reuter 1991
1270:Reuter 1991
1216:Reuter 1991
1192:Reuter 1991
1099:Reuter 1991
1052:Reuter 1991
1016:Bowlus 1995
1004:Bowlus 1995
992:Reuter 1991
980:Bowlus 1995
968:Bowlus 1995
956:Bowlus 1995
944:Bowlus 1995
932:Reuter 1991
917:Bowlus 1995
834:Reuter 1991
524:, whom the
230:Carlomannus
186:Carolingian
125:Charles III
111:Predecessor
76:Predecessor
4753:Carantania
4718:880 deaths
4713:830 births
4707:Categories
4647:Lothair IV
4623:Lothair IV
4568:Robertians
4484:→ Adalbert
4456:Zwentibold
4390:Lothair II
4024:Grimoald I
3977:, his sons
3947:Arnulfings
3933:Grimoald I
3762:Albert III
3682:Jacqueline
3674:William II
3639:Stephen II
3622:Meinhard I
3516:Henry XIII
3420:Henry VIII
3388:Henry VIII
3196:Tassilo II
3148:Garibald I
3049:Charles V
3033:Sigismund
3009:Henry VII
2945:Conrad II
2929:Henry III
2921:Conrad II
2899:(996–1002)
2874:(962–1556)
2689:Lothair I
2612:Liutprand
2588:Raginpert
2548:Perctarit
2524:Perctarit
2508:Aripert I
2373:Theodahad
2365:Athalaric
2357:Theodoric
2349:Ostrogoths
2270:William II
2157:Napoleon I
2138:Francis II
2133:Leopold II
2113:Charles VI
2026:Wenceslaus
2014:Charles IV
1920:Henry (VI)
1915:Conrad III
1844:(962–1806)
1839:within the
1749:during the
1678:Carantania
1547:"Karlmann"
1521:. Longman.
1498:10023/4177
1235:Scriptores
655:Engelberga
624:districtio
607:capitulary
386:Carantania
378:Carantania
332:Regensburg
292:Early life
254:Carantania
244:, king of
115:Charles II
51:Carloman (
4508:Louis III
4458:→ Godfrey
4376:Ermengard
4363:Lothair I
4208:Theoderic
4157:Pepin III
4057:Pepin III
4033:Theudoald
3971:Ansegisel
3920:Pippinids
3778:Sigismund
3666:Albert II
3648:William I
3580:Henry XIV
3556:Rudolph I
3532:Stephen I
3524:Louis III
3452:Leopold I
3396:Conrad II
3372:Henry VII
3343:(983–985)
3335:(976–982)
3319:(947–955)
3311:(938–947)
3303:(937–938)
3295:(907–937)
3239:(748–788)
3223:(736–748)
3215:(725–736)
3207:(715–725)
3180:Theodbert
3167:(610–625)
3159:(591–610)
3156:Tassilo I
3151:(555–591)
3017:Louis IV
2985:Henry VI
2937:Henry IV
2913:Henry II
2905:Arduin I
2897:Otto III
2891:(980–983)
2883:(962–973)
2854:(950–963)
2852:Adalbert
2846:(950–963)
2839:Anscarids
2832:(945–950)
2824:(926–947)
2816:(900–905)
2814:Louis II
2802:(922–933)
2788:(891–897)
2780:(889–894)
2773:Guideschi
2766:(887–924)
2731:(896–899)
2723:(879–887)
2715:(877–879)
2713:Carloman
2707:(875–877)
2699:(855–875)
2691:(818–855)
2683:(810–818)
2675:(781–810)
2667:(774–814)
2646:(756–774)
2638:(749–756)
2630:(744–749)
2614:(712–744)
2604:Ansprand
2598:(702–712)
2582:(700–702)
2580:Liutpert
2574:(689–700)
2572:Cunipert
2558:(688–689)
2556:Cunipert
2550:(671–688)
2540:Garibald
2534:(662–671)
2532:Grimoald
2526:(661–662)
2518:(661–662)
2516:Godepert
2510:(653–661)
2502:(652–653)
2494:(636-652)
2486:(626–636)
2478:(616–626)
2476:Adaloald
2470:(590–616)
2462:(584–590)
2454:(574–584)
2444:(572–574)
2436:(568–572)
2415:(552–553)
2407:(541–552)
2391:(540–541)
2383:(536–540)
2375:(534–536)
2367:(526–534)
2359:(493–526)
2329:(476–493)
2260:William I
2241:William I
2176:Francis I
2128:Joseph II
2123:Francis I
2103:Leopold I
2078:Rudolf II
2063:Charles V
2048:Albert II
2043:Sigismund
1999:Henry VII
1955:Conrad IV
1876:Henry III
1871:Conrad II
1803:(919–962)
1798:(911–919)
1754:(843–911)
1507:154906554
1410:154749195
706:Ergolding
636:Lambert I
507:Alamannia
499:Franconia
487:Frankfurt
474:Forchheim
462:Methodius
454:Svatopluk
443:Gundachar
347:Kraichgau
298:Alemannia
162:, Bavaria
121:Successor
90:Louis III
86:Successor
4614:Louis IV
4586:Louis IV
4526:Carloman
4466:→ Louis
4438:Carloman
4417:Pepin II
4385:Bosonids
4263:Adalhard
4217:Carloman
4129:Carloman
4074:Remigius
4052:Carloman
3975:Pepin II
3657:Albert I
3630:Louis VI
3596:Louis IV
3540:Otto III
3380:Conrad I
3364:Henry VI
3348:Henry IV
3308:Berthold
3300:Eberhard
3284:Luitpold
3276:Engeldeo
3252:Carloman
3204:Grimoald
3188:Theobald
2993:Otto IV
2953:Henry V
2889:Otto II
2809:Bosonids
2800:Rudolph
2786:Lambert
2697:Louis I
2681:Bernard
2636:Aistulf
2628:Ratchis
2500:Rodoald
2492:Rothari
2484:Arioald
2468:Agilulf
2460:Authari
2426:Lombards
2389:Ildibad
2381:Vitiges
2327:Odoacer
2108:Joseph I
2083:Matthias
2004:Louis IV
1994:Albert I
1984:Rudolf I
1930:Henry VI
1881:Henry IV
1866:Henry II
1861:Otto III
1810:Conrad I
1766:Carloman
1699:as count
1681:and the
1669:as count
1545:(1977).
1529:(1882).
1517:(1991).
1381:Speculum
731:and the
632:Camerino
520:) named
306:Carloman
234:Frankish
222:Karlmann
214:Carloman
196:Louis II
80:Louis II
40:Carloman
18:Karlmann
4689:Charles
4656:Louis V
4627:Charles
4557:Francia
4538:Charles
4478:Bernard
4408:Pepin I
4398:Charles
4309:Bernard
4267:Bernhar
4249:Bernard
4195:Lothair
4067:Bernard
4003:Godfrey
3929:Pepin I
3820:, Duke
3818:Louis X
3770:John IV
3722:John II
3572:Otto VI
3548:Matilda
3492:Louis I
3444:Henry X
3428:Welf II
3356:Henry V
3316:Henry I
3212:Hugbert
2881:Otto I
2867:within
2737:Ratold
2729:Arnulf
2564:Alahis
2434:Alboin
2405:Totila
2397:Eraric
2020:Günther
1978:Alfonso
1972:Richard
1967:William
1940:Otto IV
1905:Henry V
1894:Hermann
1856:Otto II
1815:Henry I
1402:2854614
1330:Sources
663:denarii
640:Guy III
628:Spoleto
622:of the
576:Lizzano
432:Bavaria
363:Koblenz
340:Pribina
313:Lothair
181:Dynasty
106:877–879
4673:, sons
4661:Arnulf
4649:, sons
4616:, sons
4596:Rorico
4590:Arnulf
4579:, sons
4482:Ratold
4451:Ratold
4442:Arnulf
4365:, sons
4282:Empire
4251:, sons
4169:, sons
4159:, sons
4071:Jerome
4045:, sons
3995:Arnulf
3989:, sons
3706:Ernest
3604:Otto V
3412:Welf I
3332:Otto I
3292:Arnulf
3172:Theodo
2673:Pepin
2442:Cleph
2031:Rupert
1935:Philip
1887:Rudolf
1851:Otto I
1827:Otto I
1821:Arnulf
1781:Arnulf
1663:Radbod
1579:
1576:c. 830
1505:
1460:
1427:
1408:
1400:
1347:
1243:p. 742
737:stroke
692:Ötting
522:Ernest
505:, and
495:Saxony
351:Arnulf
278:stroke
248:, and
218:German
202:Mother
192:Father
174:Arnulf
160:Ötting
155:Burial
141:Ötting
138:c. 830
4685:Louis
4638:Henry
4630:Louis
4593:Drogo
4535:Pepin
4532:Drogo
4410:, son
4302:, son
4300:Pepin
4236:Pepin
4225:Pepin
4219:, son
4199:Drogo
4186:Pepin
4138:Drogo
4131:, son
4108:Early
4085:, son
4062:Grifo
4026:, son
4006:Pepin
3987:Drogo
3911:Begga
3231:(748)
3228:Grifo
3220:Odilo
2822:Hugh
2795:Welfs
2739:(896)
2622:(744)
2606:(712)
2590:(701)
2566:(689)
2542:(671)
2413:Teia
2399:(541)
2037:Jobst
1989:Adolf
1693:Aribo
1581:Died:
1574:Born:
1503:S2CID
1406:S2CID
1398:JSTOR
780:Notes
757:Latin
696:Baldo
647:Olona
603:Pavia
574:) in
572:pieve
412:Tulln
400:Latin
302:Worms
250:Hemma
226:Latin
206:Hemma
169:Issue
103:Reign
68:Reign
4680:Otto
4555:West
4497:sons
4470:Hugh
4461:Otto
4431:sons
4394:Hugh
4342:sons
4258:Wala
4204:Hugh
3890:and
2869:the
2778:Guy
1458:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1345:ISBN
638:and
630:and
497:and
359:Hugh
315:and
147:Died
135:Born
3659:,
3650:,
3641:,
3632:,
3615:,
3606:,
1493:hdl
1485:doi
1390:doi
1231:MGH
550:).
518:dux
509:to
501:to
436:Inn
398:" (
336:dux
4709::
4506:→
4476:→
4444:→
4440:→
4392:→
4382:→
4378:→
4374:→
4315:→
4311:→
3973:→
3962:→
3935:→
3931:→
2842::
2812::
2798::
2776::
2762::
1549:.
1533:.
1501:.
1491:.
1481:18
1479:.
1475:.
1404:.
1396:.
1386:20
1384:.
1367:.
1289:^
1250:^
1241:,
1239:30
1237:,
1233:,
1223:^
1172:^
1133:^
1106:^
1091:^
1074:^
1059:^
924:^
909:^
882:^
853:^
826:^
799:^
716:.
422:.
402::
338:)
288:.
228::
224:,
220::
4495:,
4429:,
4340:,
3880:e
3873:t
3866:v
3086:e
3079:t
3072:v
2304:e
2297:t
2290:v
1731:e
1724:t
1717:v
1509:.
1495::
1487::
1466:.
1433:.
1412:.
1392::
1353:.
821:.
794:.
570:(
216:(
31:.
20:)
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