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fashions in hairstyle and dresses. Christian missionaries caused
Hawaiian royal women to become self-conscious about their Hawaiian looks. They were uncomfortable with their dark skin and large bodies which had been considered signs of nobility for centuries. No matter how Westernized their manners, they were seen as a "Hawaiian squaw." By the last half of the 19th century, Hawaiian women were going in two different directions. Many European men married Hawaiian women they found exotic, favoring those who were thin and had pale complexions.
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435:, while on the island, announced that a solar eclipse would occur on June 26 at exactly 12:57PM. Bingham had hoped to use the event to explain it as a simple act of nature and not an omen. Many still saw it as a sign of impending war. Kahalaiʻa was appointed governor of the Island of Kauai and took command of the Russian fort with its fifty mounted canons and ordered armed guards to the tops of its walls. On August 8, 1824, the day after
243:. Keʻelikōlani's genealogy is controversial. Her mother's identity has never been in question but her grandfather Pauli Kaōleiokū's relationship to Kamehameha I is heavily disputed. While her father has been legally identified as early as 1864, disputes to that lineage continued as late as 1919. As one of the primary heirs to the Kamehameha family, Ruth became landholder of much of what would become the
558:
journal; Moses
Kekuaiwa, Jane Loeau, Alexander Liholiho, Abigail Maheha, James Kaliokalani, Mary Paaaina, David Kalakaua, Lydia Kamakaeha, Lot Kamehameha, Bernice Pauahi, William C. Lunalilo, Elizabeth Kekaaniau, Peter Y. Kaeo, Emma Rooke, William Kinau Pitt, Victoria Kamamalu. Keʻelikōlani was not included in this line of succession, although her son is.
540:
the rebellion reached Kaʻahumanu most of the soldiers stayed with Boki but members of the church and others came to her aid. Kaʻahumanu was defiant and said that Boki would have to come there himself to kill her and her grandchildren, Keʻelikōlani and David
Kamehameha. After hearing about Boki's purpose
618:
Ruth defied this ideal, weighing 440 pounds (200 kg) and standing over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall. Her broad features were accentuated by a nose flattened by surgery for an infection. To add on to her stature, listeners described
Princess Ruth's voice as a "distant rumble of thunder." She rejected
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was relayed back to Boki by a royal attendant. Kaʻahumanu had said that Keʻelikōlani could become ruler. Kaʻahumanu believed Kaōleiokū to be
Kamehameha's first child, and Pauahi being his daughter made Keʻelikōlani grandniece of Kauikeaouli. Kamakau says this is when Boki conceived plans to overthrow
459:
published the date of
Kahalaiʻa's death as 1826 however, he places Pauahi's death in 1825. Also in 1906, Thomas G. Thrum's; "Hawaiian Annual" lists Kahalaiʻa's death as 1826 as well however, in their 1922 edition state that Kahalaiʻa had died during the battle. John Fawcett Pogue published an account
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who were descended from
Americans to help her adapt to the new rules for land ownership. Instead of selling the land, she offered long-term leases, which encouraged settlers to start successful family farms, and gave her a secure income. She was a shrewd businesswoman. In a notorious case, she sold
477:
John Papa ʻĪʻī writes that, whether or not Kekūanaōʻa had spoken of Pauahi before leaving for
England, it was common knowledge that Kekūanaōʻa had taken Kalani Pauahi for himself immediately upon his return. ʻĪʻī states that the relationship may possibly have stemmed from "illicit relations" prior
309:
who started the rebellion and Keōua Peʻeʻale who was speared to death. It was said that Kalani Pauahi was
Kamehameha I's granddaughter through her father Kaōleiokū however, in 1935 the Hawaiian Historical Society published their Forty-Third Annual Report (for 1934) with an article by archaeologist,
539:
or guardian, giving him the sole right to council the king as tradition had always given past guardians. Boki was held in high esteem by
American and English consuls and felt encouraged in quartering soldiers, including some foreign white settlers, guns and ammunitions in Waikiki. When the news of
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and Kekūanaōʻa headed out on horseback to confront Boki but Kanaʻina became nervous and turned back, leaving Kekūanaōʻa, Keʻelikōlani's father, to continue alone. He arrived to a huge gathering of armed people including Boki and his men. When the crowd saw Kekūanaōʻa they shouted out his name and
614:
Considered a beauty in her youth, she gained weight as she grew older, and a surgery for nasal infection disfigured her nose, although rumors circulated that it was her second husband Davis who had broken her nose in one of their many fights. She came to adopt some modern ways, such as Victorian
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about the writings in which Kenn describes a "sacrifice" interpreted as relating to Kahalaiʻa. Mills noted that the figure had not died during the battle and was not buried at the fort. Archer believed that Kahalaiʻa died of whooping cough in an outbreak in 1826 along with Kalani Pauahi. Kamakau
863:
Keʻelikōlani was an heir to many of the Kamehameha Dynasty despite her controversial heritage beginning with much of the land holdings of her adopted mother Kaʻahumanu through her father who inherited his daughters holdings that were then passed on to Keʻelikōlani. She was also the sole heir of
570:
traditions and customs. While the kingdom became Christianized, Anglicized, and urbanized, she preferred to live as a noble woman of antiquity. While her royal estates were filled with elegant palaces and mansions built for her family, she chose to live in a large traditional stone-raised grass
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after her first husband, was born January 10, 1854, became Crown Prince of Hawaii, but died April 9, 1877, when only 23 years old. On the death of her adopted son, she demanded that Kalākaua and his family relinquish all rights to the estates she had bequeathed their brother, and that they be
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designated the 15 eligible royals with rights to the throne. This small pool of individuals became pre-emptory heirs in the absence of a constitutional appointment of a successor to the throne. A full list with one additional name was printed in 1847 by the Polynesian, the official government
3399:
A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands; Or, The Civil, Religious, and Political History of Those Islands: Comprising a Particular View of the Missionary Operations Connected with the Introduction and Progress of Christianity and Civilization Among the Hawaiian
707:, and history might have been very different if he had lived past 1877 and became a wealthy king. Instead, the increased reliance of the royal family on the treasury and governmental pensions to fund their lavish expenses is generally considered one factor that led to the
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and heir to vast estates, she had more political power and wealth than most women in other parts of the world. For example, American women could not even vote at the time. Ruth's assertiveness were characteristic of her ancestors. She hired businessmen such as
702:
then died, and the legislature elected Kalākaua as king, the first to be not descended from Kamehameha I. Keʻelikōlani was not declared as a member of the royal family, merely as a high chiefess by the new king. The young William Pitt Leleiohoku was named
465:
mentions an outbreak of "cough and bronchitis" that killed several people including Pauahi and then goes on to discuss Kalanimoku and Kahalaiʻa's death but not how they died. Kamakau only mentions that Boki took over as the young king's
439:
held a failed council to annex the island, those dissatisfied with the land disbursement went to war. By the wars end Kahalaiʻa had been replaced as governor by Kaikioewa. After being replaced Kahalaiʻa returned to Honolulu and was made
418:"Within a few years Pauahi became the wife of Keku-anaoʻa, and Kinaʻu of Kahala-iʻa. Pauahi was carrying Ruth Ke-ʻeli-kolani at the time, and that is why Ruth was said to be "double headed" (poʻokua) > that is, a child of two fathers"
3100:
Inclusion of Native Hawaiians in Certain Indian Acts and Programs: Hearings Before the United States Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, on S. 857 ... S. 859 ... S. 860 ... February 13-15,
481:
Although her paternity was questionable, Mataio Kekūanaōʻa claimed her as his own natural child. He took her into his household after Kaʻahumanu's death and included her in his will and inheritance. This made her the half-sister of
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fell silent. He took Boki off to speak with him about his plans to kill Kaʻahumanu. Boki admitted his jealousy of the queen's sway over Kamehameha III but was persuaded to end the dispute and return to his home peacefully.
3889:
Native Hawaiian Study Commission Report: Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session ... Hearing Held in Washington, DC, May 3,
689:
died in 1872 leaving no heir to the throne, her controversial family background prevented her from being a serious contender to be monarch herself. Although she was considered a member of the royal family, along with
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for $ 10,000. The lands were worth $ 750,000, but she knew her claims to them were worthless, since it had been decided in previous court cases that the lands were only entitled to whoever held the office of monarch.
535:'s hatred towards the king and Boki's rumored paternity. They stated that Kaʻahumanu had a right to decide such things but he did not. This only infuriated the young man who believed himself to be Kauikeaouli's main
1815:"Keelikolani's second husband was Isaac Young Davis, a grandson of Isaac Davis the sailor, who had been an adviser to Kamehameha I. A child born of this marriage was adopted by Pauahi Bishop, but died in infancy".
854:
meaning "great mother". Ruth insisted that the princess be raised to one day be fit to sit on the Hawaiian throne. Ruth's death in 1883 was the first of many deaths that Kaʻiulani would witness in her short life.
1740:"From Heulu, through his son Keawe-a-Heulu, and through his three daughters, Hakau, Kalaniwahineuli, Puhipuhieli, descended Mrs. Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Princess Ruth Keelikolani, Queen Emma, and Liliuokalani".
3440:
The Victorian visitors: an account of the Hawaiian Kingdom, 1861–1866, including the journal letters of Sophia Cracroft: extracts from the journals of Lady Franklin, and diaries and letters of Queen Emma of
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exclusively, requiring English-speakers to use a translator. Although trained in the Christian religion and given a Christian name, she honored practices considered pagan, such as patronage of chanters and
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2154:"Consequent upon the rebellion of George Kaumualii, in which Kahalaia was killed, Kaikioewa, an aged chief of high rank, a warrior with Kalanimoku under Kamehameha, headed a body of men from Maui..."
718:, Hawaiʻi Island, at 9am on May 24, 1883. Later sources claimed she died on May 15. Her body was shipped back to Honolulu for a royal funeral, and she was buried in the Kamehameha Crypt of the
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317:
Keʻelikōlani's grandmother Keouawahine's portrait entitled "Kéohoua, femme du chef Kaïroua" by Alphonse Pellion. From "Voyage autour du Monde, 1817-1820" by Louis Claude Desaulses de Freycinet
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was credited by Hawaiians with saving the city. When the ruling monarchs asked her to pose for official photographs, she often refused. Only a dozen photographs of Ruth are known to exist.
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According to Kristin Zambucka, Keʻelikōlani considered her Birthday to be on February 9, 1826 but scholars such as John Papa ʻĪʻī and Alexander Spoehr both agree on June 17, 1826.
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on Emma Street in Honolulu, as well as approximately 353,000 acres (1,430 km) of Kamehameha lands. This totaled nearly nine percent of the land in the Hawaiian Islands.
310:
John F.G. Stokes entitled; "Kaoleioku, Paternity and Biographical Sketch", that Stokes believed, if correct, demonstrated that Pauli Kaōleiokū was not a son of Kamehameha l.
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returned to her by deed. Her relations with King Kalākaua were distant, although she had close friendships with his sister, Queen Liliʻuokalani, and their mother,
460:
of the rebellion written by Hawaiian students in his book; "Moolelo of Ancient Hawaii" in 1858. In 2002 Peter R. Mills clarified translations and conclusions from
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A documentary film was made of her life in 2004. As a tribute to her traditionalism, a version of the film was produced in the Hawaiian language. In March 2017,
623:
dismissed the princess as a "woman of no intelligence or ability." Many Westerners interpreted her clear defense of the traditional ways as backward and stupid.
876:
During her life Ruth was considered the wealthiest woman in the islands, owning a considerable amount of land inherited from Kamehameha V and her first husband
1806:
Keolaokalani Pākī Bishop was the son of Ruth Keʻelikōlani and Isaac Young Davis but hānai adopted by Bernice Pauahi Bishop and her husband Charles Reed Bishop.
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750:(the Prime Minister of Kamehameha I) and his first wife, High Chiefess Kiliwehi. Soon after she married Leleiohoku, her 27-year-old husband died in a
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A dispute between Boki and Kaʻahumanu began in 1829 over the line of succession when a discussion overheard between the Queen-Regent Kaʻahumanu and
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48:
1712:""Pupuka, an Oahu chief of considerable importance, was father of Inaina, the wife of Nahiolea, and mother of Kekūanaōʻa, late governor of Oahu".
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1794:"According to Au Okoa, the coffin includes the inscription: “John William Pitt Kinau, - Born Dec 27, 1842, - Died on the 9th of Sept. 1857 .”
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In an issue of; "The Friend", July, 1883. The journal notes the obituary and funeral of Keʻelikōlani. The funeral was prepared by S.M. Damon.
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both agree on June 17, 1826, however Noel Kent believes the date to be on February 9, 1826, a date Keʻelikōlani seemed to celebrate herself.
352:, Noel Kent, gives the date of Keʻelikōlani's birth as February 9, 1826, a four-month difference. According to Kristin Zambucka author of:
3521:
An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I
349:
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Kalani Pauahi's mother Keouawahine was a daughter of Kauhiwawaeono, whose parents were Kekauhiwamoku and Haalou. Haalou was a daughter of
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and her niece Sophia Cracroft. Their marriage was an unhappy one, and they divorced in 1868. The early loss of their son did not help.
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line. Bold title and grey bolded box= Lower ranking Aliʻi line. Bold title and un-bolded box= European nobility. Regular name and box=
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1776:"June 16, Today departed this life Isaac Young Davis, aged about 60, a grandson of Isaac Davis who was made a chief by Kamehameha I."
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631:
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Karina Kahananui Green (2002). "Colonialism's Daughters". In Paul R. Spickard; Joanne L. Rondilla; Debbie Hippolite Wright (eds.).
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All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii, Combined with Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide
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All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii, Combined with Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide
404:. Zambucka states that Kahalaiʻa was caring for Kalani Pauahi while her first husband, Kamehameha II was in England. According to
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416:. In Kamakau's version both Pauahi and Kinaʻu were with Kahalaiʻa when the king and queen's remains returned in 1825 and that;
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Keʻelikōlani's genealogy has always been controversial and disputed as late as 1919. She is sometimes considered to be of
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332:
Kalani Pauahi died from complications due to child birth. While many sources and writers differ on the date and reason,
236:
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1726:
Kūhiō Geneology located at the Hawaii State Archives, #38, page 7 shows Kahoowaha and Pupuka as the parents of Inaina.
333:
2138:
2944:"Getting to know Ruth: The princess defied Western ways and paid for it by being ignored by historians until now"
120:
2895:
Hawaiian Investigation: Report of Subcommittee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico on General Conditions in Hawaii
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Don Francisco de Paula Marin: A Biography, by Ross H. Gast. The Letters and Journal of Francisco de Paula Marin
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2483:
868:'s estate along with her cousin Bernice Pauahi Bishop that inherited two - 1/9th shares because her genealogy.
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3388:
The Hawaiian Archipelago: Six Months Among the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes of the Sandwich Islands
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781:
765:). Standing at 6 ft 2 in, he was considered rather handsome by many including foreign visitors such as
145:
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this was a date Keʻelikōlani supposedly celebrated herself. Professor Seth Archer in his 2018 publication;
3323:"15 extraordinary Hawaii women who inspire us all. We can all learn something from these historic figures"
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for his safety upon Kekūanaōʻa's return as he had supposedly already stated his intention to wed Pauahi.
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1767:"Isaac Young Davis, a grandson and one of nineteen children, was the second husband of Princess Ruth".
414:"Liholiho had once entertained the notion of disposing of Kahala-iʻa as Kamehameha had of Ka-niho-nui"
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Papers Relating to the Mission of James H. Blount, United States Commissioner to the Hawaiian Islands
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who died on June 17, 1826, during childbirth after having married the man believed to be her father,
801:, son of Leleiohoku, was born on December 21, 1842. He was taken away at an early age to attend the
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722:, Mauna ʻAla, in Nuʻuanu Valley, Oahu. Her will had only one major bequest: to her cousin Princess
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and advised the king and his sister to conceive a child in order to disqualify any claims saying;
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to the king's death that remained hidden but on Kekūanaōʻa's return the "affair was evident".
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On June 2, 1856, she married her second husband, Isaac Young Davis (c. 1826–1882), son of
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and then told the king what the attendant had said. When Kaʻahumanu and other's including
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when their father Kalaniʻōpuʻu died and left them no lands. The other two brothers were:
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Sharks upon the Land: Colonialism, Indigenous Health, and Culture in Hawai'i, 1778–1855
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3006:"Death Of Her Highness Ruth Keelikolani, At Kailua, Hawaii The Hawaiian Gazette"
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United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1985).
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United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1985).
338:"17 June. Today died one of the Queens Craypaguaji (Kalanipauahi i.e., Pauahi)"
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838:. At Kaʻiulani's baptism, Ruth gifted 10 acres (40,000 m) of her land in
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358:"Sharks upon the Land: Colonialism, Indigenous Health, and Culture in Hawai'i"
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United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Indian Affairs (1978).
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Pacific Diaspora: Island Peoples in the United States and Across the Pacific
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517:"the chiefs would not dare urge your grandniece as your possible successor!"
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Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers, volume 2
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Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers, volume 1
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United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs 1985
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United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs 1985
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ranked her among a list of the most influential women in Hawaiian history.
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27:
Primary heir to the Kamehameha family of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (1826–1883)
17:
3619:
Reports of Decisions Rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands
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were told of Boki's actions they had harsh words toward Boki calling him;
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388:, he had always considered her the daughter of Kahalaiʻa, a nephew of
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Princess Ruth's grass house that stood on the Huliheʻe Palace grounds
336:
had noted in his journal in 1826 the specific day Kalani Puahi died;
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Before the age of sixteen, she married her first husband High Chief
685:, where she served until March 2, 1874. When her last half-brother
3539:. University Press of Hawaii for the Hawaiian Historical Society.
3068:. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 280.
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and for a period, was the largest and wealthiest landowner in the
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Biography Hawaiʻi: Five Lives, A Series of Public Rememberences
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Biography Hawaiʻi: Five Lives, A Series of Public Remembrances
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Kūhiō Geneology - Hawaii State Archives #38, Page 7, Palenanui
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Fornander collection of Hawaiian antiquities and folk-lore ...
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English and the Christian faith. The U.S. minister to Hawaiʻi
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The Constitutional Law of Great Britain and the Commonwealth
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of Kamehameha III, and served from 1855 through 1857 in the
3483:. Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum.
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2678:
2378:
3020:"Death of Princess Ruth The Pacific Commercial Advertiser"
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819:. He died on August 29, 1863, aged one year and 6 months.
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She continued to worship the traditional gods and various
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Line of succession by Order in Council with Kamehameha III
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809:, son of Isaac Young Davis was born in February 1862 and
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agrees with. However professor in Ethnic Studies at the
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and Keouawahine. Kaōleiokū was one of the three sons of
2454:
2452:
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Hawai'i's Russian Adventure: A New Look at Old History
884:, with much of these lands becoming the endowment for
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and his wife Kahaʻanapilo Papa (therefore grandson of
392:, the son of the king's half-brother Kalaʻimamahu and
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2036:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. pp. 74–.
555:"Order in Council of His Majesty King Kamehameha III"
3065:
The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty
2841:. Cambridge University Press Books. pp. 86–88.
2193:
742:(1821–1848), Governor of Hawaiʻi, former husband of
231:(June 17, 1826 – May 24, 1883), was a member of the
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History makers of Hawaii: a biographical dictionary
1945:
History Makers of Hawaii: A Biographical Dictionary
1931:. Vol. 32, no. 7. S.C. Damon. p. 60.
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4031:Women governors and heads of sub-national entities
965:Key- Subjects with bold titles and blue bold box=
815:(adopted) against his father's wishes to Princess
638:. She was an adept land trustee and administrator.
3816:Peterson, Barbara Bennett (1984). "Keelikolani".
3529:Gast, Ross H.; Marin, Francisco de Paula (1973).
2995:"Death Of Her Highness Princess Ruth Keelikolani"
1992:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 480–.
325:who was also the father of Kamehameha I's mother
3608:Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society
3597:Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society
3586:Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society
2871:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 242–248.
2137:According to Kristin Zambucka, scholars such as
681:. January 15, 1855, she was appointed to be the
342:"The mother died in childbirth on June 17, 1826"
4016:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles
448:). John Papa ʻĪʻī states Kahalaiʻa was sent to
3255:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 29.
3228:. Mutual Publishing of Honolulu. p. 111.
4011:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council
3477:de Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulses (1978).
2120:– Palace of Princess Ruth (downtown Honolulu)
1948:. Mutual Publishing of Honolulu. p. 32.
941:
864:Kamehameha V and a 1/9 heir to the estate of
174:Ruth Luka Keanolani Kauanahoahoa Keʻelikōlani
8:
2778:
2776:
2402:
2327:
2267:
1989:Native Hawaiian Study Commission Report 1984
1722:
1720:
1718:
850:Estate. Kaʻiulani gave Ruth the pen name of
607:with a lava flow, her intercession with the
4001:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)
3249:United States. Department of State (1893).
2785:"Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani Hawaiian Aliʻi"
529:"he one girdled in Kamehameha's intestines"
498:Kaʻahumanu, Boki and the line of succession
53:Keʻelikōlani in a modern portrait from 2018
3929:
3432:. Brigham Young University, Hawaii Campus.
3048:. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1886. p. 1.
2910:"Keelikolani, Ruth Princess office record"
2898:. Government Printing Office. p. 367.
2582:
2488:"Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani Poʻolua Child"
948:
934:
926:
384:While Keʻelikōlani was the half sister of
31:
3032:. St. Paul, MN. July 11, 1883. p. 8.
3013:"A Notable Hawaiian Death Saturday Press"
2366:
2354:
2250:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1563:(February 9/June 17, 1826 – May 24, 1883)
805:in Honolulu, and died September 9, 1859.
603:erupted in 1880, threatening the city of
507:Kaʻahumanu. On June 20 Boki visited with
340:. Some years later John Papa ʻĪʻī wrote;
297:that rebelled against their half brother
289:Kalani Pauahi, was the daughter of Pauli
3822:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
3179:
3167:
3143:
2981:
2969:
2819:
2666:
2470:
2443:
2431:
2414:
2390:
2223:
2208:
1975:. Priv. print., Adv. Publishing Company.
1972:Makua Laiana: The Story of Lorenzo Lyons
797:She bore two sons, who both died young.
625:
360:lists Pauahi among those that died of a
3472:. Vol. 32, no. 7. S.C. Damon.
2699:
2642:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2315:
2167:
2130:
1877:Liliuokalani (Queen of Hawaii) (1898).
1823:
1802:
1800:
1700:
1673:(December 27, 1842 – September 9, 1859)
880:. Her vast estate passed to her cousin
683:Royal Governor of the Island of Hawaiʻi
2937:
2935:
2767:
2594:
2458:
1900:. Kristin Zambucka Books. p. 10.
427:, the aliʻi nui or "supreme ruler" of
270:on November 28, 1825. She was born at
229:Ruth Keanolani Kanāhoahoa Ke‘elikōlani
225:Ruth Ke‘elikōlani Keanolani Kanāhoahoa
165:
3666:Kamakau, Samuel Mānaiakalani (1992).
3565:Captive Paradise: A History of Hawaii
2630:
2618:
2606:
2570:
2339:
2299:Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (1903).
2181:
2030:Ralph Thomas Kam (October 11, 2017).
2003:Ralph Thomas Kam (November 6, 2017).
1785:"Ruth, mother of William Pitt Kinau".
1687:
1684:(December 30, 1862 - August 28, 1863)
1678:
1676:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
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1427:
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1399:
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1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
354:"The High Chiefess, Ruth Keelikolani"
7:
3605:Hawaiian Historical Society (1913).
3594:Hawaiian Historical Society (1906).
3583:Hawaiian Historical Society (1978).
3456:Includes letters by Sofia Cracroft,
3272:. Bishop Museum Press. p. 205.
3222:Arthur Grove Day (January 1, 1984).
3155:
3022:. Honolulu. June 2, 1883. p. 2.
3015:. Honolulu. June 2, 1883. p. 3.
3008:. Honolulu. May 30, 1883. p. 2.
3001:. Honolulu. May 28, 1883. p. 2.
2755:
2654:
2286:
2235:
859:Personal heir to the Kamehameha line
3901:The High Chiefess, Ruth Keelikolani
3480:Hawaií in 1819: A Narrative Account
2114:– Kailua-Kona home of Princess Ruth
1897:The High Chiefess, Ruth Keelikolani
1837:Bishop Museum Press. pp. 289–.
1551:(March 31, 1821 – October 21, 1848)
3893:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
3745:McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea (1986).
3724:McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea (1983).
3518:(1880). Stokes, John F. G. (ed.).
3444:. The University Press of Hawaii.
3333:from the original on March 8, 2017
3321:Dekneef, Matthew (March 8, 2017).
3122:. Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate
3104:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
2914:state archives digital collections
709:overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
376:ancestry, a child of two fathers.
247:, funding the Kamehameha Schools.
25:
4006:Native Hawaiian women in politics
3568:. St. Martin's Publishing Group.
3491:A history of the Sandwich Islands
2916:. state of Hawaii. Archived from
1883:. Lee and Shepard. pp. 409–.
673:In 1847 she was appointed to the
237:Governor of the Island of Hawaiʻi
3524:. Vol. 2. Trübner & Co.
2717:Hawaiian Historical Society 1913
2679:Hawaiian Historical Society 1906
2379:Hawaiian Historical Society 1978
2092:
2033:Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty
2006:Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty
575:and spoke it well, she used the
47:
3996:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
3795:Murray, Janet Horowitz (1885).
566:Ruth was a staunch defender of
3772:. University of Hawaii Press.
3751:. University of Hawaii Press.
3730:. University of Hawaii Press.
3611:. Hawaiian Historical Society.
3600:. Hawaiian Historical Society.
3362:. Cambridge University Press.
3293:Tsai, Michael (June 7, 2004).
3027:"Princess Ruth Keelikolani..."
2063:. University of Hawaii Press.
1858:. ehooululahui.maui. p. 7
1849:"ehooululahui.maui.hawaii.edu"
898:Honolulu International Airport
350:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
1:
3867:Thrum, Thomas George (1921).
3856:Thrum, Thomas George (1906).
3640:Fragments of Hawaiian History
3616:Hawaii Supreme Court (1883).
3198:Pauahi: the Kamehameha legacy
2942:Berger, John (May 30, 2004).
2892:United States Senate (1903).
1453:(c. 1791 – November 24, 1868)
714:She died at Huliheʻe Palace,
599:, or ancestral spirits. When
344:, a date that anthropologist
4021:Governors of Hawaii (island)
3981:Heirs to the Hawaiian throne
3845:Phillips, Owen Hood (1957).
3672:. Kamehameha Schools Press.
3385:Bird, Isabella Lucy (1890).
3201:. Kamehameha Schools Press.
912:, among others, were built.
571:house. While she understood
274:near the ʻIolani Palace and
258:Birth, family and early life
250:Her name Keʻelikōlani means
245:Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate
3120:Kamehameha Schools Archives
2838:The Volcano Adventure Guide
2099:Royal Order of Kamehameha I
973:or untitled foreign subject
734:Personal life and marriages
406:Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau
396:from Maui. Kahalaiʻa was a
4047:
3904:. Kristin Zambucka Books.
3898:Zambucka, Kristin (1977).
3116:"Will of Ruth Keelikolani"
1894:Zambucka, Kristin (1977).
1831:Abraham Fornander (1920).
492:Princess Victoria Kamāmalu
431:died. Not long afterwards
262:Keʻelikōlani's mother was
219:, or sometimes written as
154:William Pitt Leleiohoku II
121:Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum
4026:Hawaiian adoptees (hānai)
3949:
3943:Royal Governor of Hawaiʻi
3940:
3932:
3801:. Englishwoman's Review.
3798:The Englishwoman's Review
3468:Damon, Samuel C. (1883).
3060:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
2194:Hawaii Supreme Court 1883
2009:. McFarland. p. 69.
1942:Arthur Grove Day (1984).
1927:Damon, Samuel C. (1883).
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1574:(c. 1826 – June 16, 1882)
1566:
1553:
1547:William Pitt Leleiohoku I
1512:
1510:
1456:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1381:
1377:
1321:
1300:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1128:
1111:
1094:
1082:
842:where Kaʻiulani's father
740:William Pitt Leleiohoku I
469:after Kahalaiʻa's death.
173:
164:
132:William Pitt Leleiohoku I
46:
39:
3766:Mills, Peter R. (2002).
3637:ʻĪʻī, John Papa (1973).
3562:Haley, James L. (2014).
3488:Dibble, Sheldon (1909).
3437:Korn, Alfons L. (1958).
3269:Hawaiʻi, the Royal Isles
2484:Rubellite Kawena Johnson
2097:Dame Grand Cross of the
1680:Keolaokalani Pākī Bishop
1467:(c.1804 – June 17, 1826)
956:Keʻelikōlani family tree
906:Princess Kaʻiulani Hotel
822:Her adopted son, called
799:John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
782:John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
746:, and son of High Chief
334:Francisco de Paula Marín
150:Keolaokalani Pākī Bishop
146:John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
3819:Notable Women of Hawaii
3669:Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii
3643:. Bishop Museum Press.
3396:Bingham, Hiram (1849).
3266:Rose, Roger G. (1980).
2302:A Handbook for Visitors
2057:Alfons L. Korn (1958).
1668:John William Pitt Kinau
792:William Pitt Leleiohoku
748:William Pitt Kalanimoku
726:the elaborate mansion,
643:Government and business
394:Kahakuhaʻakoi Wahinepio
3851:. Sweet & Maxwell.
3295:"The princess diaries"
2949:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
2060:The Victorian Visitors
1969:Lorenzo Lyons (1953).
794:
784:
639:
592:
400:(royal attendant) for
318:
3695:Liliuokalani (1898).
3356:Archer, Seth (2018).
2801:on September 19, 2009
2251:Gast & Marin 1973
894:Hickam Air Force Base
882:Bernice Pauahi Bishop
834:She was godmother to
817:Bernice Pauahi Bishop
790:
780:
744:Princess Nāhiʻenaʻena
724:Bernice Pauahi Bishop
629:
590:
562:Defender of tradition
553:On June 29, 1844, an
316:
3936:George Luther Kapeau
3920:. GGKEY:2LWYXGZDYAZ.
3462:Queen Emma of Hawaii
1916:. GGKEY:2LWYXGZDYAZ.
910:Royal Hawaiian Hotel
658:Rufus Anderson Lyman
408:, Kalani Pauahi and
102:, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
3991:House of Kamehameha
3986:Hawaiian princesses
3701:. Lee and Shepard.
3426:BYU Hawaii (1986).
3300:Honolulu Advertiser
2984:, pp. 324–327.
2746:, pp. 482–483.
2734:, pp. 479–480.
2702:, pp. 286–291.
2657:, pp. 146–147.
2561:, pp. 228–243.
2525:, pp. 274–275.
2357:, pp. 312–313.
647:As the Governor of
233:House of Kamehameha
3516:Fornander, Abraham
2999:The Daily Bulletin
2920:on August 11, 2011
2833:Rosaly M. C. Lopes
1696:Family tree notes:
886:Kamehameha Schools
844:Archibald Cleghorn
836:Princess Kaʻiulani
807:Keolaokalani Davis
795:
785:
665:her claims to the
640:
630:Keʻelikōlani with
593:
484:King Kamehameha IV
319:
252:leaf bud of heaven
80:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
3959:
3958:
3950:Succeeded by
3829:978-0-8248-0820-4
3779:978-0-8248-2404-4
3758:978-0-939154-37-1
3737:978-0-939154-28-9
3679:978-0-87336-014-2
3575:978-1-4668-5550-2
3546:978-0-8248-0220-2
3451:978-0-87022-421-8
3403:. H. Huntington.
3369:978-1-316-80575-6
3279:978-0-910240-27-7
3235:978-0-935180-09-1
3075:978-0-87022-433-1
2403:Liliuokalani 1898
2328:Liliuokalani 1898
2268:de Freycinet 1978
2084:
2083:
2070:978-0-87022-421-8
2043:978-1-4766-2861-5
2016:978-1-4766-6846-8
1955:978-0-935180-09-1
1693:
1692:
1685:
1674:
1575:
1570:Isaac Young Davis
1564:
1558:Ruth Keʻelikōlani
1468:
1454:
1319:
976:
890:downtown Honolulu
888:. On these lands
759:George Hueu Davis
577:Hawaiian language
531:, a reference to
488:King Kamehameha V
368:Paternal ancestry
285:Maternal ancestry
268:Mataio Kekūanaōʻa
221:Luka Ke‘elikōlani
217:Ruth Ke‘elikōlani
214:
213:
199:Mataio Kekūanaōʻa
178:
177:
160:
135:Isaac Young Davis
16:(Redirected from
4038:
3933:Preceded by
3930:
3921:
3894:
3882:
3870:All about Hawaii
3863:
3852:
3841:
3812:
3791:
3762:
3741:
3720:
3691:
3662:
3633:
3622:. H.L. Sheldon.
3612:
3601:
3590:
3579:
3558:
3531:Conrad, Agnes C.
3525:
3511:
3484:
3473:
3455:
3433:
3422:
3392:
3381:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3327:Hawaiʻi Magazine
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3193:Kanahele, George
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2794:. Archived from
2789:
2780:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2720:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2669:, pp. 8–13.
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
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2568:
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2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2497:. Archived from
2492:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2446:, pp. 9–10.
2441:
2435:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
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2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
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2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:Alexander Spoehr
2135:
2096:
2075:
2074:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1891:
1885:
1884:
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1727:
1724:
1713:
1710:
1683:
1672:
1573:
1562:
1466:
1452:
1317:
979:
978:
963:
950:
943:
936:
927:
917:Hawaiʻi Magazine
866:Charles Kanaʻina
568:ancient Hawaiian
542:Charles Kanaʻina
444:of Kauikeaoūli (
346:Alexander Spoehr
307:Keōua Kūʻahuʻula
301:and their uncle
241:Hawaiian Islands
223:, also known as
166:
156:
116:
114:
92:
68:
66:
51:
32:
21:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4039:
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4036:
4035:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3946:
3938:
3928:
3897:
3885:
3866:
3855:
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3809:
3794:
3780:
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3759:
3744:
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3694:
3680:
3665:
3651:
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3630:
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3593:
3582:
3576:
3561:
3547:
3528:
3514:
3487:
3476:
3467:
3452:
3436:
3429:Pacific Studies
3425:
3411:
3395:
3384:
3370:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3320:
3319:
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2804:
2802:
2798:
2787:
2783:Silva, Kalena.
2782:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2706:
2698:
2685:
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2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2583:BYU Hawaii 1986
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2504:on June 6, 2014
2501:
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2222:
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2192:
2188:
2180:
2169:
2164:
2159:
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2136:
2132:
2127:
2112:Huliheʻe Palace
2108:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2002:
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1997:
1985:
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1711:
1702:
1682:
1671:
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1561:
1550:
1465:
1451:
1316:
1313:Pauli Kaōleiokū
957:
954:
925:
874:
861:
775:
736:
720:Royal Mausoleum
679:House of Nobles
663:Claus Spreckels
645:
621:Henry A. Peirce
564:
551:
500:
475:
462:Charles W. Kenn
433:Hiram Bingham I
382:
370:
327:Kekuʻiapoiwa II
287:
260:
152:
148:
134:
123:
118:
112:
110:
94:
90:
70:
64:
62:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4044:
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4033:
4028:
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4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3926:External links
3924:
3923:
3922:
3895:
3883:
3864:
3853:
3842:
3828:
3813:
3808:978-1138224094
3807:
3792:
3778:
3763:
3757:
3742:
3736:
3721:
3707:
3698:Hawaii's Story
3692:
3678:
3663:
3650:978-0910240314
3649:
3634:
3629:978-0260771292
3628:
3613:
3602:
3591:
3589:. The Society.
3580:
3574:
3559:
3545:
3526:
3512:
3485:
3474:
3465:
3450:
3434:
3423:
3410:978-1241436773
3409:
3393:
3391:. John Murray.
3382:
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3278:
3258:
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3234:
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2931:
2901:
2884:
2877:
2854:
2847:
2824:
2812:
2772:
2770:, p. 286.
2760:
2758:, p. 314.
2748:
2736:
2721:
2704:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2645:, p. 275.
2635:
2633:, p. 257.
2623:
2621:, p. 114.
2611:
2609:, p. 106.
2599:
2597:, p. 202.
2587:
2575:
2573:, p. 156.
2563:
2551:
2549:, p. 228.
2539:
2537:, p. 347.
2527:
2515:
2475:
2463:
2448:
2436:
2419:
2407:
2405:, p. 403.
2395:
2383:
2371:
2369:, p. 330.
2367:Fornander 1880
2359:
2355:Fornander 1880
2344:
2342:, p. 361.
2332:
2330:, p. 409.
2320:
2318:, p. 280.
2308:
2291:
2289:, p. 147.
2272:
2270:, p. 108.
2255:
2253:, p. 307.
2240:
2238:, p. 303.
2228:
2213:
2211:, p. 324.
2198:
2196:, p. 263.
2186:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2139:John Papa ʻĪʻī
2129:
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2022:
2015:
1995:
1978:
1961:
1954:
1934:
1919:
1886:
1880:Hawaii's Story
1869:
1840:
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1318:(c. 1767–1818)
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457:Sheldon Dibble
446:Kamehameha III
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362:whooping cough
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235:who served as
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93:(aged 56)
87:
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52:
44:
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37:
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26:
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14:
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3458:Jane Franklin
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3218:
3215:
3210:
3208:0-87336-005-2
3204:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3182:, p. 34.
3181:
3180:Zambucka 1977
3176:
3173:
3170:, p. 24.
3169:
3168:Zambucka 1977
3164:
3161:
3158:, p. 77.
3157:
3152:
3149:
3146:, p. 19.
3145:
3144:Zambucka 1977
3140:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3102:
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3081:
3077:
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3036:
3031:
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3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2982:Peterson 1984
2978:
2975:
2972:, p. 75.
2971:
2970:Zambucka 1977
2966:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2878:0-8248-2619-1
2874:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2848:0-521-55453-5
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:Zambucka 1977
2816:
2813:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:, p. 56.
2718:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2681:, p. 33.
2680:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2667:Zambucka 1977
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2585:, p. 27.
2584:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:Zambucka 1977
2467:
2464:
2461:, p. 59.
2460:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:Zambucka 1977
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:Zambucka 1977
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:, p. 70.
2416:
2415:McKinzie 1986
2411:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2393:, p. 41.
2392:
2391:McKinzie 1983
2387:
2384:
2381:, p. 15.
2380:
2375:
2372:
2368:
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2264:
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2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:, p. 10.
2225:
2224:Zambucka 1977
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:Peterson 1984
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2184:, p. 60.
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
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2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
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2023:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2007:
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1982:
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1461:Kalani Pauahi
1450:
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1133:
1125:
1124:Kauhiwawaeono
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1092:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1032:
1030:
980:
977:
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932:
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907:
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871:
869:
867:
858:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:Leleiohoku II
820:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
793:
789:
783:
779:
772:
770:
768:
767:Lady Franklin
764:
760:
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753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
729:
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721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
701:
700:King Lunalilo
697:
696:king's father
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:Privy Council
671:
668:
664:
659:
655:
650:
642:
637:
636:J. A. Cummins
633:
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450:Lahaina, Maui
447:
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402:Kamehameha II
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264:Kalani Pauahi
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209:Kalani Pauahi
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117:June 17, 1883
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73:
69:June 17, 1826
61:
57:
50:
45:
42:
41:The Honorable
38:
33:
30:
19:
3941:
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3888:
3869:
3858:
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3818:
3797:
3768:
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3668:
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3618:
3607:
3596:
3585:
3564:
3535:
3520:
3490:
3479:
3470:"The Friend"
3439:
3428:
3398:
3387:
3358:
3335:. Retrieved
3329:. Honolulu.
3326:
3316:
3306:December 17,
3304:. Retrieved
3298:
3288:
3268:
3261:
3251:
3244:
3224:
3217:
3197:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3126:December 15,
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3110:
3099:
3092:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3029:
2998:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2955:December 17,
2953:. Retrieved
2947:
2924:December 15,
2922:. Retrieved
2918:the original
2913:
2904:
2894:
2887:
2867:
2837:
2827:
2822:, p. 5.
2815:
2805:December 15,
2803:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2791:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2700:Kamakau 1992
2674:
2662:
2650:
2643:Kamakau 1992
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2559:Bingham 1849
2554:
2547:Bingham 1849
2542:
2535:Kamakau 1992
2530:
2523:Kamakau 1992
2518:
2508:December 15,
2506:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2494:
2478:
2473:, p. 8.
2466:
2439:
2434:, p. 9.
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2335:
2323:
2316:Kamakau 1992
2311:
2305:. p. 9.
2301:
2294:
2231:
2189:
2150:
2133:
2059:
2052:
2032:
2025:
2005:
1998:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1964:
1944:
1937:
1929:"The Friend"
1922:
1896:
1889:
1879:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1855:
1843:
1833:
1826:
1811:
1790:
1781:
1772:
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1303:
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1123:
1114:
1107:Kalaniʻōpuʻu
1105:
1097:
1090:
1076:
964:
962:
916:
914:
878:Leleiohoku I
875:
862:
851:
833:
821:
810:
803:Royal School
796:
756:
737:
713:
705:Crown prince
687:Kamehameha V
672:
646:
634:, left, and
617:
613:
609:goddess Pele
596:
594:
565:
554:
552:
536:
528:
516:
501:
480:
476:
466:
454:
441:
423:In May 1824
422:
417:
413:
397:
390:Kamehameha I
386:Kamehameha V
383:
373:
371:
357:
353:
341:
337:
331:
320:
303:Kamehameha I
288:
275:
261:
251:
249:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
157:
91:(1883-05-24)
89:May 24, 1883
40:
35:Keʻelikōlani
29:
3976:1883 deaths
3971:1826 births
3953:Samuel Kipi
3030:Daily Globe
2768:Murray 1885
2595:Dibble 1909
2459:Archer 2018
1325:Keouawahine
1116:Kānekapōlei
971:makaʻāinana
902:Moana Hotel
829:Keohokalole
763:Isaac Davis
716:Kailua Kona
698:. In 1874,
667:Crown Lands
533:Kahekili II
323:Haae-a-Mahi
295:Kānekapōlei
278:adopted by
96:Kailua-Kona
18:Keelikolani
3965:Categories
3947:1855–1874
3910:B0006WQW9K
3788:1017588283
3500:B06XWQZFY3
3378:1037875231
3350:References
2631:Mills 2002
2619:Thrum 1921
2607:Thrum 1906
2571:Mills 2002
2340:Haley 2014
2182:Damon 1883
2118:Keōua Hale
1906:B0006WQW9K
1448:Kekūanaōʻa
1296:Kiʻilaweau
1098:Kahoʻowaha
1091:Pupuka (k)
896:, part of
846:built the
754:epidemic.
728:Keōua Hale
692:Queen Emma
654:Sam Parker
632:Sam Parker
509:Nahienaena
504:Kekāuluohi
473:Kekūanaōʻa
442:kahu hānai
437:Kalanimoku
425:Kaumualiʻi
410:Kamehamalu
364:outbreak.
280:Kaʻahumanu
189:Kamehameha
113:1883-06-17
65:1826-06-17
3659:866148497
3195:(2002) .
3156:Korn 1958
3084:500374815
2756:Bird 1890
2655:ʻĪʻī 1973
2287:ʻĪʻī 1973
2236:Korn 1958
2162:Citations
1862:March 25,
711:in 1893.
601:Mauna Loa
584:dancers.
380:Kahalaiʻa
291:Kaōleiokū
272:Pohukaina
3838:11030010
3688:25008795
3331:Archived
3062:(1967).
2835:(2005).
2106:See also
923:Ancestry
852:Mama Nui
848:ʻĀinahau
773:Children
694:and the
455:In 1909
299:Kīwalaʻō
72:Honolulu
3918:3836213
3879:1663720
3717:2387226
3533:(ed.).
3508:2145112
3419:1913754
2087:Honours
1914:3836213
1078:Kanaina
840:Waikīkī
752:measles
597:aumakua
573:English
525:Hoapili
521:Kuakini
374:poʻolua
158:(hānai)
100:Hawaiʻi
3916:
3908:
3877:
3836:
3826:
3805:
3786:
3776:
3755:
3734:
3715:
3705:
3686:
3676:
3657:
3647:
3626:
3572:
3555:629263
3553:
3543:
3506:
3498:
3448:
3441:Hawaii
3417:
3407:
3400:People
3376:
3366:
3337:May 7,
3276:
3232:
3205:
3082:
3072:
2875:
2845:
2067:
2040:
2013:
1952:
1912:
1904:
1304:Inaina
872:Legacy
429:Kauaʻi
205:Mother
195:Father
128:Spouse
107:Burial
2799:(PDF)
2788:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2491:(PDF)
2125:Notes
1852:(PDF)
967:Aliʻi
812:hānai
276:hānai
184:House
169:Names
141:Issue
76:Oʻahu
3914:OCLC
3906:ASIN
3890:1984
3875:OCLC
3834:OCLC
3824:ISBN
3803:ISBN
3784:OCLC
3774:ISBN
3753:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3713:OCLC
3703:ISBN
3684:OCLC
3674:ISBN
3655:OCLC
3645:ISBN
3624:ISBN
3570:ISBN
3551:OCLC
3541:ISBN
3504:OCLC
3496:ASIN
3460:and
3446:ISBN
3415:OCLC
3405:ISBN
3374:OCLC
3364:ISBN
3339:2017
3308:2009
3274:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3203:ISBN
3128:2009
3101:1978
3080:OCLC
3070:ISBN
2957:2009
2926:2009
2873:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2807:2009
2510:2009
2141:and
2065:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1910:OCLC
1902:ASIN
1864:2021
656:and
605:Hilo
582:hula
537:kahu
523:and
511:and
490:and
486:and
467:kahu
398:kahu
86:Died
59:Born
1464:(w)
1327:(w)
1306:(w)
1298:(k)
1134:(w)
1132:Loe
1126:(k)
1100:(w)
227:or
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