Kerbside collection

820:

will be collected" and "Bin lids must be fully closed". Stockport Council is a notable user of this scheme. Their recycling rates have substantially increased as a result, but there are usually complaints from household residents. Trafford Council also use a similar scheme, but the small grey bin is emptied every week. In addition, the two named councils, and more, collect food waste together with garden waste, by sending out kitchen caddies and compostable bin liners. These prevent food waste (including meat and fish) from going to landfill or incineration, and to increase the council's recycling rate. The food and garden waste is usually collected weekly or fortnightly, and is taken to an

860:

into the recycling bin, this means that the whole vehicle load of recycling will have to be rejected and sent directly to landfill or incineration at a high cost. Contamination is normally a problem if recyclables are collected from wheelie bins, as the bin collection workers can only look at the top; there may be a small amount of contamination 'hidden' at the bottom. Councils that use many bags and boxes (Edinburgh) suffer from less contamination but are complicated and the loose paper and cardboard, and plastic recycling bags are blown around by the wind, and paper can become wet due to rain or snow, or contaminated with food residue, dirt, oil or grease.

591:, it requires residents to self-sort refuse and place different types at the kerb on alternating weeks. As shown in the photo at left, week 1 would see the green cart and optional orange bags used for kitchen waste and other organics such as yard waste. Week 2 would permit non-recoverable waste in garbage bags or cans. Blue bags are used for paper, plastic and metal containers. Together with used grocery bags containing newspapers, they may be placed on the kerb either week. In summer, the green cart is emptied weekly due to the prevalence of flies. HRM has achieved a diversion rate of approximately 60 percent by this method. 634: 421: 218: 478: 3093: 443: 527:

or no additional cost, depending on the council. Some councils limit the availability of green waste bins (e.g. the City of Cockburn limits them to properties over a certain land size). Many councils provide the option of larger bins than the standard ones provided (even larger than 240 litres in some cases) or additional bins at additional annual cost. Some provide the option of a smaller general waste bin at a reduced cost.

808:; Bury Council and Salford City Council. Bury uses blue for cans, plastic and glass, green for paper and cardboard and brown for garden waste. Salford uses blue for paper and card, brown for cans, plastic and glass, and pink for garden waste. Most councils use grey or black bins for general waste, with a few exceptions such as Liverpool, which uses a purple bin for general waste, a colour that is used by no other council. 835:, all the glass collected for recycling is used within the UK, around half of the plastics and cans are used in the UK; the rest is sent further afield to continental Europe or China to be made into new products, and paper and cardboard collected is sent to local paper mills to be reprocessed into newspapers, tissues and paper towels, cardboard and office paper. Once again, some of the paper will be sent further afield. 3104: 2265: 45: 2255: 1741: 2521: 2302: 573: 515:

towels and tissues and other biodegradable organics to be placed in the green waste bin. The council may turn the green waste into mulch (garden waste collection only) or compost and extract energy (food organics and garden organics). Details of what can and cannot be placed into each bin vary by council.

846:

Also, most councils require residents to remove all plastic caps and lids from plastic bottles, and thoroughly rinse them out to avoid unpleasant smells or liquid contamination. This is because the caps and lids are made from a different type of plastic (PP) from the bottle (PET/HDPE); if the bottles

544:

For bulky waste, residents are asked to place items directly on the kerbside. There may be other rules, e.g. what can and cannot be collected, limits on the amount of rubbish that will be collected, etc. that vary from council to council. Collections may occur once or a few times a year on specific

514:

A wide variety of hard plastics, glass bottles and jars, steel cans, aluminium cans, paper and cardboard can be put in the recycling bin. The green waste bin can be used for garden organics (e.g. small branches, leaves, grass clippings), and councils are increasingly allowing food scraps, used paper

415:

Recyclates are collected mixed with the rest of the waste, and the desired materials are sorted out and cleaned at a central sorting facility. This results in a large amount of recyclable waste (especially paper) being too soiled to reprocess, but has advantages as well: The city need not pay for the

842:

system is used, so plastics, cans and glass go into the same bin as paper and cardboard. Although this is much easier for the residents, there is more sorting required, and the paper quality is sometimes of a low grade due to food waste or liquid contamination or shards of glass in the paper, and so

795:

requires local authorities to provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010. There has been criticism in the difference of schemes used in the country such as the colour of bins, whether the recycling is collected from wheelie bins, coloured

614:. Due to the success of the project the City of Kitchener put out a contract for public bid in 1984 for a recycling system citywide. Laidlaw won the bid and continued with the popular blue box recycling system. Today hundreds of cities around the world use the blue box system or a similar variation. 526:

Recycling bins are provided at no additional cost, while the general waste bin is either at no additional cost or at an annual cost. The green waste bin, where available, is either provided to all residents, or available as an option to residents, either at an additional annual cost, a one-off cost

518:

Most councils follow a standard colour scheme for their wheelie bins, specified in Australian standard AS4123. According to the standard, general waste bins have a red lid, recycling bins have a yellow lid, green waste bins have a lime green lid, and all these bins have a dark green or black body.

819:

A few councils are using "forced" recycling, by replacing the large, 240 litre general waste bin with a smaller 180 litre or 140 litre bin, and using the old 240 litre one for recyclables. This may be made worse by fortnightly collections of the "small" bin, and strict rules such as "No extra waste

720:: A 45-litre bin is supplies for recyclables, collected weekly. General refuse is collected weekly using user-pays system of orange tags - one orange tag is to be placed on a standard rubbish bag up to 60 litres capacity, or half an orange sticker can be placed on two supermarket bags tied together. 506:

Residential kerbside collection is carried out by local governments, with some exceptions, e.g. some large apartment complexes may have their own separate arrangements with commercial providers. Available services and details vary from council to council. Councils generally provide residents with

859:

can be recycled. Many councils are still trying to remind residents that plastic pots, tubs and trays (yoghurts, desserts and spreads), plastic carrier bags, crisp packets and cling film cannot be recycled via the kerbside economically. If too many incorrect, unsuitable or unsafe materials are put

553:

Kerbside collection is universal in Austria. The service is provided by the municipality. A fee applies for non-recyclable general waste, while recyclables are collected for free, being mainly financed by companies selling packaged goods via a mandatory fee. Different waste containers are used for

363:

Kerbside collection of recyclable resources is aimed to recover purer waste streams with higher market value than by other collection methods. If the household residents incorrectly separate the recyclable materials, or put the wrong items in the recycling bin, the whole vehicle load of recycling

165:

municipalities began to pass anti-dumping ordinances and introduce kerbside collection. Residents were required to use a variety of refuse containers to facilitate kerbside collection but the main type was a variation of Poubelle's metal garbage container. It was not until the late 1960s that the

653:

In New Zealand, kerbside collection of general refuse and recycling, and in some areas organic waste, is the responsibility of the local city or district council, or private contractors. Practices and collection methods vary widely from council to council and company to company. Some examples of

510:

Councils provide their residents with two or three wheelie bins, depending on the council, with some councils having different options for different properties. The two-bin system consists of a recycling bin (usually 240 litre) for co-mingled recyclables, and a general waste bin which is often

145:

introduced the first integrated kerbside collection and recycling system, requiring residents to separate their waste into perishable items, paper and cloth, and crockery and shells. He also established rules for how private collectors and city workers should cooperate and he developed standard

522:

Bins are emptied according to one of several patterns. Generally speaking, general waste bins are emptied weekly while recycling bins and green waste bins are emptied fortnightly on alternate weeks. Many councils with food waste recycling have switched to emptying green waste bins weekly and

232:

Kerbside collection is today often referred to as a strategy of local authorities to collect recyclable items from the consumer. Kerbside collection is considered a low-risk strategy to reduce waste volumes and increase the recycling rates. Recyclable materials are typically collected in large

486:

Source separation used to be the preferred method due to the high cost of sorting commingled (mixed waste) collection. However, advances in sorting technology have substantially lowered this overhead, and many areas that had developed source separation programs have switched to what is called

511:

smaller (e.g. 140 litre, 120 litre or 80 litre). The three-bin system consists of the above two bins plus a green waste bin (usually 240 litre). Not all councils have a green waste bin collection service. Many councils provide the option of larger bins, smaller bins, or additional bins.

811:

Another controversial issue in the UK is the frequency of the waste collections. To save money, many councils are reducing the frequency of both general waste and recycling collections. This has caused problems from larger households, and has led to an increase of overflowing bins and

972:

The "atez-ate" system consists in hanging each kind of rubbish in a hanger outside the house a certain day or days in a week. For example, in Hernani, they have three days to hang their organic rubbish, two days for plastics and metallics, one for paper and one for rejects residuals.

554:

general waste (black), paper (red), plastics (yellow), organic waste (green or brown), metal (blue) and glass (white for clear glass, green for coloured glass). In some rural areas, appropriately coloured plastic bags are used instead of bins. In many areas, a collection service for

675:

are supplied: a 140-litre red-lidded bin for general refuse, a 240-litre yellow-lidded bin for recyclables, and an 80-litre green-lidded bin for organic waste. The organic waste bins are collected weekly, while the recyclables and general refuse bins are collected on alternating

2950: 704:: Two bins are supplied: a 45-litre or 70-litre bin for glass, and an 80-litre or 240-litre wheelie bin for non-glass recyclables. These two bins are collected on alternating weeks. General refuse is collected weekly using user-pays official council bags. 390:

Kerbside collection encompasses many subtly different systems, which differ mostly on where in the process the recyclates are sorted and cleaned. The main categories are 1) mixed waste collection, 2) commingled recyclables, and 3) source separation. A

523:

general waste bins and recycling bins fortnightly on alternate weeks. Some councils empty recycling bins weekly, while others do so only during a certain period like the Christmas and summer holiday period, switching to fortnightly at other times.

102:, performing their duties only at night (hence the name). Meanwhile, disposing of refuse became a problem wherever cities grew. Often refuse was placed in unusable areas just outside the city, such as wetlands and tidal zones. One example is 847:

are squashed down and folded over like toothpaste tubes and caps are screwed back on, the size and volume of bottles is greatly reduced, so that more bottles can be contained inside the recycling bins. In fact many bottlers, especially

851:

companies, have now designed their bottles to be collapsible; though this message has not been effectively disseminated to the consumer. A collapsible bottle takes between 25% and 33% of the space a non-collapsed bottle.

602:

has adopted "Curbside" Recycling and uses blue bins. The blue cart programme accepts all types of recyclables, including plastics 1–7. It is picked up weekly for the cost of $ 8.00 per month. This programme is mandatory.

507:

wheelie bins for kerbside collection of normal waste which is collected weekly or fortnightly. Many councils also have less frequent kerbside collection of bulkier waste ("hard rubbish") collected once or twice a year.

816:. For example, previously, Bury Council collected general waste once a week and recyclables fortnightly. This has now changed to fortnightly for general waste and monthly (every 4 weeks) collection of recyclables. 85:

Before the 20th century, the amount of waste produced by a household was relatively small. Household waste was often simply thrown out of an open window, buried in the garden or deposited in outhouses (see more at

796:

plastic boxes or plastic bags, and also the fact that the bins, boxes and bags obstruct the roads and pavements, and how the additional collection vehicles and waste collection services needed also contribute to

1008:

In the UK especially, some councils are sending out at least 4 large bins - residents of smaller houses with no gardens have little space to put them; not everybody lives in a house, some live in blocks of

1005:

Co-mingled recyclables are sometimes not being successfully managed by automated sorting stations and the rates of diversion are low. In some cases, this results in mountains of unsorted recyclables.

984:. Three years after, the construction of the incinerator was stopped by the government of the region, suggesting that the incinerator was a source of contamination and the high cost of the building. 649:

is for non-glass recyclables, and the blue bin is for glass. The two bins are collected on alternating weeks. Official council bags are used for general household waste, and are collected weekly.

73:. It is usually accomplished by personnel using specially built vehicles to pick up household waste in containers that are acceptable to, or prescribed by, the municipality and are placed on the 712:: A 45-litre bin is supplies for recyclables, collected weekly. There is no council collection of general waste, and all general waste collection is carried out by independent companies. 453:

Each material is cleaned and sorted by the consumer prior to collection. It requires the least post-collection sorting and produces the purest recyclates. However, it incurs additional

129:

As sanitation engineering came to be practised beginning in the mid-19th century and human waste was conveyed from the home in pipes, the gong farmer was replaced by the municipal

118:, where thousands of hogs were permitted to roam the streets and eat garbage. A small industry developed as "swill children" collected kitchen refuse to sell for pig feed and the 3007: 732:, with paper and cardboard collected in the first week, and plastic, metal and glass in the second week. General refuse is collected weekly using user-pays official council bags. 2943: 182:

impacts, a range of container types, mostly made of durable plastic, came to be introduced to facilitate the proper diversion of the waste stream. Such containers include

375:

Kerbside collection and household recycling schemes are also being used as tools by many local authorities to increase the public's awareness of their waste production.

59: 1545: 1275: 1300: 1423: 416:

separate collection of recyclates, no public education is needed, and any changes to the recyclability of certain materials are implemented where sorting occurs.

2928: 1329: 663:: Two 240-litre wheelie bins are supplied: a red-lidded bin for general refuse, collected weekly, and a blue-lidded bin for recyclables, collected fortnightly. 941:. Due to the big success in these towns, with more than 80% of the waste recycled, 34 towns in Gipuzkoa are considering setting this system up in 2013, like 804:

emissions. Some find the colour differences confusing, and some people want a national scheme. A typical example is to compare two neighbouring councils in

2775: 1390: 1362: 466: 740:: A 140-litre wheelie bin is provided for recyclables, collected fortnightly. General refuse is collected weekly using user-pays official council bags. 3037: 469:

surveyed multi-family property managers; about half of them reported problems, including contamination of recyclables due to trespassers such as

1453: 1012:

Many use small plastic boxes, bags and lockable outdoor food waste 'caddies' which get blown around and lost, bad for recycling participation.

2938: 2785: 1398: 1170: 980:

in the year 2009, due to the incinerator of the region of Gipuzkoa which was going to be built in this town, exactly in the neighborhood of

434:

Recyclables are mixed but kept separate from non-recyclable waste. This greatly reduces the need for post-collection cleaning, but requires

3052: 1911: 688:: A 45-litre bin is supplies for recyclables, collected weekly. General refuse is collected weekly using user-pays official council bags. 1635: 3118: 3113: 792: 2373: 150:

is now synonymous with the garbage can. Under Poubelle, food waste and other organics collected in Paris were transported to nearby

1603: 3032: 2288: 2009: 2835: 2825: 2740: 2590: 2340: 1951: 1941: 1576: 1032: 633: 379: 1250: 772:

recyclable material was collected if placed in suitable bags. By 2007 73% of New Zealanders had access to kerbside recycling.

2933: 2810: 2770: 2765: 2278: 1963: 996:

The large (wheelie bin) container encourages the "out of sight" rubbish mentality and invites more rubbish to be disposed of.

519:

Not all councils follow this colour scheme. For example, recycling bins in some councils have a blue body and yellow lid.

2830: 2790: 2755: 2283: 2273: 2175: 1956: 576: 154:

where they were composted. This continued well into the 20th century when plastics began to contaminate the waste stream.

151: 1553: 1279: 855:

Labels and neck rings can, however, be left on the bottles and they do not need to be removed. This also means that only

3128: 3123: 2918: 2855: 2845: 1984: 1936: 1308: 1096: 3042: 2865: 2760: 2750: 2745: 2595: 2413: 2295: 1870: 1431: 1100: 1027: 1022: 838:

Some councils only use three bins, i.e. general waste, food and garden waste and mixed recyclables. This means that a

607: 357: 38: 3012: 1384: 1337: 1529: 2896: 2870: 2860: 2850: 2820: 2800: 2630: 1891: 1794: 306: 1503: 3149: 2913: 2840: 2805: 2795: 2780: 1855: 780: 716: 310: 183: 31: 1762: 530:

Many councils also have kerbside collection of bulky waste. There may be different kinds of collection, e.g.:

392: 318: 202: 420: 382:

may offer an alternative to kerbside collection through automated separation of waste in recycling factories.

217: 828:

plant, where the biodegradable waste is organically recycled into soil fertiliser to be used on local farms.

2955: 2200: 1710: 1628: 839: 583:, Canada, with a population of about 375,000, has one of the most complex kerbside collection programmes in 429: 545:

dates or date ranges, or on demand with a limit to the number of times per year, depending on the council.

122:

traded goods for bones (used for glue) and rags (essential for paper manufacture prior to the invention of

65:

is a service provided to households, typically in urban and suburban areas, of collecting and disposing of

2665: 2240: 2084: 2039: 1896: 1804: 1478: 501: 2465: 2445: 2029: 2024: 1931: 1926: 1652: 1457: 680: 297: 233:

wheelie bins, plastic bags, or small open, coloured plastic boxes, specifically designated for content.

66: 2306: 1358: 1080: 477: 999:

The bins and collection trucks are not suited to narrow roads or houses with steep driveways or steps.

3067: 2815: 2660: 2565: 2235: 2225: 1777: 1749: 1189: 1002:

They lock local authorities into capital intensive equipment programmes and multi-national providers.

821: 141:, the rag and bone man worked side by side with the municipal bin man, though reluctantly: in 1884, 3027: 2615: 2535: 2480: 2378: 2365: 2333: 2185: 2049: 1999: 1946: 1916: 1906: 1901: 1757: 1660: 825: 567: 244: 226: 2254: 3097: 3072: 3017: 2923: 2712: 2682: 2398: 2268: 2258: 2129: 2108: 2074: 2019: 1921: 1784: 1670: 1621: 832: 805: 797: 611: 314: 162: 783:

is introducing the system to their kerbside collection. Other councils are carrying out trials.

142: 2976: 2906: 2901: 2886: 2677: 2645: 2640: 2620: 2560: 2485: 2069: 2059: 2004: 1829: 1819: 1767: 1705: 1424:"Appendix 1: Kerbside Kitchen Waste Collections in New Zealand - Ministry for the Environment" 1394: 1166: 1136: 775:

Kerbside collection of organic waste is carried out by the Mackenzie District Council and the

442: 87: 1224: 157:

From the late-19th century to the mid-20th century, more or less consistent with the rise of

3092: 2960: 2891: 2732: 2702: 2692: 2650: 2625: 2605: 2600: 2440: 2408: 2403: 2383: 2357: 2230: 2220: 2104: 2079: 1979: 1799: 1772: 1720: 1695: 1685: 1680: 1665: 1126: 1047: 894: 753: 696: 659: 435: 175: 119: 3062: 2986: 2722: 2717: 2687: 2585: 2570: 2475: 2470: 2430: 2215: 2180: 2124: 2119: 2099: 1860: 1809: 1730: 1700: 1690: 1608: 1533: 1207: 813: 708: 700: 263: 237: 191: 130: 2318: 457:

for collecting each material, and requires extensive public education to avoid recyclate

209:

dust cart, a name by which these vehicles are still referred, to large compactor trucks.

3108: 2981: 2655: 2635: 2545: 2505: 2393: 2326: 2160: 2054: 2034: 1824: 1789: 958: 882: 856: 801: 749: 736: 555: 454: 222: 171: 1085:

Paris: Urban Sanitation Before the 20th Century: A History of Invisible Infrastructure

3143: 3047: 2707: 2455: 2205: 2195: 2064: 2014: 1875: 1845: 1814: 1725: 962: 848: 584: 458: 322: 90:). When human concentrations became more dense, waste collectors, called nightmen or 2991: 2697: 2575: 2555: 2500: 2165: 2134: 1994: 1254: 950: 761: 667: 470: 369: 111: 44: 3022: 2672: 2510: 2425: 2388: 2139: 2089: 1989: 934: 922: 729: 672: 646: 642: 580: 326: 252: 158: 126:). Later, in the late nineteenth century, trash was fed to swine in industrial. 107: 99: 91: 1740: 1095:

Still, by 1902, only 40 percent of US cities offered curbside collection. See:

3077: 2435: 2420: 2190: 2144: 2044: 954: 769: 757: 724: 684: 287: 258: 95: 1140: 3057: 2610: 2349: 2114: 1644: 1037: 898: 618: 588: 342: 292: 282: 187: 123: 115: 70: 2520: 1609:

The Recycling Center - Find a curbside recycling service provider in the US

1131: 1114: 1101:

Some Statistics of Garbage Disposal for the Larger American Cities in 1902

572: 2580: 2540: 2460: 1850: 942: 930: 918: 902: 890: 886: 874: 765: 745: 365: 351: 195: 179: 49: 17: 2550: 2170: 1115:"Direct landfill disposal versus Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)" 1042: 981: 977: 946: 926: 878: 692: 638: 622: 599: 595: 302: 206: 167: 134: 1251:"Durham Sustain Ability, Environmental Sustainability Program Ontario" 2495: 2450: 1675: 966: 937:, where the common used name in Basque is "atez-atekoa", which means 910: 906: 776: 540:

Hard rubbish (anything else too big or too heavy for the wheelie bin)

462: 337: 147: 103: 1527: 2490: 2353: 2210: 2094: 1715: 914: 632: 347: 332: 277: 216: 138: 606:

In 1981 Resource Integration Systems (RIS) in collaboration with

133:

as there remained growing amounts of household refuse, including

74: 2322: 1617: 329:(but not expanded polystyrene), #7 other mixed resin plastics) 205:

gradually increased in size from the hand pushed tip cart or

1613: 610:

tested the first blue box recycling system on 1500 homes in

106:, which from Roman times disposed of its refuse outside the 537:

E-waste (e.g. TVs, computers) which the council may recycle

236:

Recyclable materials that may be separately collected from

992:

This type of collection service is subject to criticism:

1546:"Waiheke Gulf News - Glass mountains growing in Onehunga" 625:, use wet/dry waste separation and recovery programmes. 378:

New and emerging waste treatment technologies such as

1604:

RecycleNow - Learn how to Recycle from Home in the UK

1504:"Memorandum submitted by Essex Friends of the Earth" 3000: 2969: 2879: 2731: 2528: 2364: 2153: 1972: 1884: 1838: 1748: 1651: 178:practices were introduced with the aim of reducing 3008:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 1165:. New York: Lyons & Burford. pp. 35–72. 356:Co-mingled recyclables- can be sorted by a clean 1184: 1182: 137:from coal, which was burnt for home heating. In 1454:"Friends of the Earth: Recycling Bill success!" 1208:"The State of Multi-Tenant Recycling in Oregon" 30:"Curb side" redirects here. For the comic, see 1383:Ministry for the Environment (December 2007). 146:dimensions for refuse containers: his name in 2334: 1629: 8: 877:, this system is implanted in many towns as 2341: 2327: 2319: 1636: 1622: 1614: 1391:Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand) 1363:Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand) 760:had kerbside recycling bins available. In 621:" for curbside recycling. Others, such as 1225:"The Many Colours of Waste and Recycling" 1130: 1068:Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash 1575:Magazine, Smithsonian; Thompson, Helen. 1359:"The State of New Zealand's Environment" 1119:Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 571: 397: 43: 3038:High-level radioactive waste management 1059: 1577:"Recycling: You May Be Doing It Wrong" 1418: 1416: 213:Waste management and resource recovery 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 364:will have to be rejected and sent to 7: 3053:Sewage regulation and administration 2301: 1301:"Recycling - Taupo District Council" 1070:, 1999, New York: Metropolitan Books 473:gaining access to collection areas. 372:if it is deemed to be contaminated. 1161:The League of Women Voters (1993). 976:This system started in the town of 1113:Kulhawik, Katarzyna (2016-09-01). 793:Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 744:By 1996 the New Zealand cities of 617:Many Canadian municipalities use " 438:on what materials are recyclable. 27:Household waste collection service 25: 1330:"Refuse - Taupo District Council" 843:this scheme has been criticised. 3103: 3102: 3091: 3033:Extended producer responsibility 2519: 2300: 2264: 2263: 2253: 2010:Extended producer responsibility 1739: 476: 441: 419: 2591:Mechanical biological treatment 1081:Parisian Garbage from 1789-1900 1033:Mechanical biological treatment 728:: Recycling is to be placed in 380:mechanical biological treatment 1552:. 24 July 2011. Archived from 558:is provided in early January. 395:generally picks up the waste. 1: 2176:Container-deposit legislation 822:in-vessel composting facility 697:Palmerston North City Council 577:Halifax Regional Municipality 317:narrow-necked containers, #4 1479:"Waste & Recycling Bins" 1386:Environment New Zealand 2007 637:Kerbside collection bins in 3043:History of waste management 1871:Materials recovery facility 1190:"The truth about recycling" 1028:Materials recovery facility 1023:History of waste management 791:In the United Kingdom, the 358:materials recovery facility 225:awaiting collection in the 114:. Another example is 1830s 3166: 2631:fluorescent lamp recycling 1508:Publications.parliament.uk 1276:"Wet/Dry Waste Separation" 565: 499: 94:were hired to collect the 36: 29: 3086: 2517: 2249: 1737: 1483:Cpkitchencomponents.co.uk 781:Christchurch City Council 668:Christchurch City Council 313:natural and coloured, #3 203:waste collection vehicles 32:Robert Kirby (cartoonist) 3013:China's waste import ban 393:waste collection vehicle 272:, depending on location 37:Not to be confused with 2374:Agricultural wastewater 2201:Reverse vending machine 1229:KSE Environmental Group 840:single-stream recycling 725:Upper Hutt City Council 709:Rodney District Council 701:Wellington City Council 487:co-mingled collection. 412:Mixed waste collection 48:Kerbside collection in 3098:Environment portal 2776:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2666:water recycling shower 2241:Water recycling shower 2085:Reuse of human excreta 2055:Recycling (ecological) 2040:Material flow analysis 1132:10.1515/oszn-2016-0015 737:Waitakere City Council 717:Taupō District Council 650: 592: 502:Recycling in Australia 229: 53: 2466:Municipal solid waste 2446:Industrial wastewater 2030:Interchangeable parts 2025:Industrial metabolism 1550:Waihekegulfnews.co.nz 681:Hamilton City Council 645:. The yellow-liddied 636: 608:Laidlaw International 575: 298:Corrugated fiberboard 220: 47: 2661:water heat recycling 2566:Garden waste dumping 2236:Water heat recycling 2226:Waste management law 1581:Smithsonian Magazine 1434:on 25 September 2020 693:Dunedin City Council 430:single-stream system 270:Recyclable materials 3028:Eco-industrial park 2616:appliance recycling 2536:Anaerobic digestion 2481:Post-consumer waste 2379:Biodegradable waste 2186:Ethical consumerism 2120:Urban lumberjacking 2050:Product stewardship 2000:Eco-industrial park 873:In the province of 826:anaerobic digestion 568:Recycling in Canada 245:Biodegradable waste 227:San Fernando Valley 163:disposable products 63:curbside collection 57:Kerbside collection 3073:Waste minimisation 3018:Cleaner production 2683:Reusable packaging 2596:Mechanical sorting 2399:Construction waste 2259:Environment portal 2130:Waste minimisation 2075:Reusable packaging 2020:Industrial ecology 1532:2009-06-08 at the 1163:The Garbage Primer 1079:Frederique Krupa, 833:North West England 806:Greater Manchester 798:traffic congestion 779:District Council. 651: 612:Kitchener, Ontario 593: 450:Source separation 386:Recycling variants 230: 170:was introduced by 54: 3137: 3136: 3068:Waste legislation 2977:Sanitation worker 2951:London Convention 2887:Bamako Convention 2678:Resource recovery 2646:textile recycling 2641:plastic recycling 2621:battery recycling 2561:Ecological design 2486:Radioactive waste 2316: 2315: 2070:Resource recovery 2060:Refill (campaign) 2005:Ecological design 1985:Dematerialization 1795:Fluorescent lamps 1400:978-0-478-30192-2 1231:. 12 October 2016 1172:978-1-55821-250-3 685:Hutt City Council 484: 483: 131:rubbish collector 88:urban archaeology 16:(Redirected from 3157: 3150:Waste collection 3106: 3105: 3096: 3095: 2961:OSPAR Convention 2892:Basel Convention 2703:Waste collection 2693:Sewage treatment 2651:timber recycling 2626:bottle recycling 2606:Reclaimed lumber 2601:Photodegradation 2523: 2441:Industrial waste 2409:Electronic waste 2404:Demolition waste 2384:Biomedical waste 2358:waste management 2343: 2336: 2329: 2320: 2304: 2303: 2267: 2266: 2257: 2231:Waste management 2221:Waste collection 2080:Reuse of bottles 1980:Circular economy 1957:Northern Ireland 1743: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1615: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1542: 1536: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1456:. Archived from 1450: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1430:. Archived from 1420: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1345: 1336:. Archived from 1326: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1307:. Archived from 1297: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1278:. Archived from 1272: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1253:. Archived from 1247: 1241: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1186: 1177: 1176: 1158: 1145: 1144: 1134: 1110: 1104: 1099:and P. Hansen, " 1093: 1087: 1077: 1071: 1066:Susan Strasser, 1064: 1048:Waste management 660:Auckland Council 654:collection are: 491:Usage by country 480: 445: 436:public education 423: 398: 176:waste management 120:rag and bone man 21: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3109:Category: Waste 3090: 3082: 3063:Waste hierarchy 2996: 2987:Waste collector 2965: 2956:Oslo Convention 2875: 2727: 2723:Waste-to-energy 2718:Waste treatment 2688:Right to repair 2586:Landfill mining 2571:Illegal dumping 2524: 2515: 2476:Packaging waste 2471:Open defecation 2431:Hazardous waste 2360: 2347: 2317: 2312: 2245: 2216:Waste-to-energy 2181:Dumpster diving 2149: 2125:Waste hierarchy 2100:Right to repair 1968: 1937:The Netherlands 1892:Rate by country 1880: 1834: 1744: 1735: 1647: 1642: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1556:on 24 July 2011 1544: 1543: 1539: 1534:Wayback Machine 1526: 1522: 1512: 1510: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1463: 1461: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1422: 1421: 1414: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1368: 1366: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1334:taupodc.govt.nz 1328: 1327: 1323: 1314: 1312: 1305:taupodc.govt.nz 1299: 1298: 1294: 1285: 1283: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1258: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1173: 1160: 1159: 1148: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1097:C.-E.A. Winslow 1094: 1090: 1078: 1074: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1019: 990: 871: 866: 857:plastic bottles 789: 631: 587:. Based on the 570: 564: 556:Christmas trees 551: 504: 498: 493: 455:operating costs 388: 264:Christmas trees 238:municipal waste 223:Christmas trees 215: 143:Eugène Poubelle 83: 67:household waste 42: 39:Kerbside pickup 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3163: 3161: 3153: 3152: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3100: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2982:Street sweeper 2979: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2909: 2894: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2866:United Kingdom 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2737: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2656:tire recycling 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2636:land recycling 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2546:Biodegradation 2543: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2506:Surface runoff 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2394:Chemical waste 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2338: 2331: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2298: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2261: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2161:Bottle cutting 2157: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2035:Land recycling 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1952:United Kingdom 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1770: 1765: 1763:Automotive oil 1760: 1754: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1657: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1626: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1599: 1598:External links 1596: 1593: 1592: 1567: 1537: 1520: 1495: 1470: 1445: 1412: 1399: 1375: 1350: 1321: 1292: 1267: 1242: 1216: 1199: 1196:. 7 June 2007. 1178: 1171: 1146: 1105: 1088: 1072: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 989: 986: 870: 869:Basque Country 867: 865: 862: 802:carbon dioxide 788: 787:United Kingdom 785: 742: 741: 733: 721: 713: 705: 689: 677: 664: 630: 627: 563: 560: 550: 547: 542: 541: 538: 535: 534:Large branches 497: 494: 492: 489: 482: 481: 474: 451: 447: 446: 439: 432: 428:Co-mingled or 425: 424: 417: 413: 409: 408: 405: 402: 387: 384: 361: 360: 354: 345: 340: 335: 330: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 267: 266: 261: 255: 214: 211: 82: 79: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3162: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3129:Organizations 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3048:Landfill fire 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2897:EU directives 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2871:United States 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2708:Waste sorting 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2456:Marine debris 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2309: 2308: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289:organizations 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2206:Simple living 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2196:Pallet crafts 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2135:Waste picking 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2065:Repairability 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2015:Green economy 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1964:United States 1962: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1876:Waste sorting 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1805:Mobile phones 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1460:on 2009-02-12 1459: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1402: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1376: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1340:on 2010-06-02 1339: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1311:on 2010-06-02 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1282:on 2011-07-19 1281: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1257:on 2013-08-02 1256: 1252: 1246: 1243: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1217: 1213:. April 2018. 1209: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1194:The Economist 1191: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1060: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 994: 993: 987: 985: 983: 979: 974: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 868: 863: 861: 858: 853: 850: 849:bottled water 844: 841: 836: 834: 829: 827: 823: 817: 815: 809: 807: 803: 799: 794: 786: 784: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 739: 738: 734: 731: 727: 726: 722: 719: 718: 714: 711: 710: 706: 703: 702: 698: 694: 690: 687: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 669: 665: 662: 661: 657: 656: 655: 648: 644: 640: 635: 628: 626: 624: 620: 615: 613: 609: 604: 601: 597: 590: 586: 585:North America 582: 578: 574: 569: 561: 559: 557: 548: 546: 539: 536: 533: 532: 531: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 495: 490: 488: 479: 475: 472: 468: 464: 460: 459:contamination 456: 452: 449: 448: 444: 440: 437: 433: 431: 427: 426: 422: 418: 414: 411: 410: 406: 403: 400: 399: 396: 394: 385: 383: 381: 376: 373: 371: 367: 359: 355: 353: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 275: 274: 273: 271: 265: 262: 260: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 248: 246: 241: 239: 234: 228: 224: 219: 212: 210: 208: 204: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 144: 140: 136: 132: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 80: 78: 76: 72: 68: 64: 61: 58: 51: 46: 40: 33: 19: 3001:Other topics 2992:Waste picker 2919:incineration 2698:Urban mining 2576:Incineration 2556:Durable good 2501:Sharps waste 2461:Mining waste 2305: 2166:Cogeneration 1995:Durable good 1865: 1584:. Retrieved 1580: 1570: 1558:. Retrieved 1554:the original 1549: 1540: 1523: 1511:. Retrieved 1507: 1498: 1486:. Retrieved 1482: 1473: 1462:. Retrieved 1458:the original 1448: 1436:. Retrieved 1432:the original 1427: 1404:. Retrieved 1385: 1378: 1367:. Retrieved 1353: 1342:. Retrieved 1338:the original 1333: 1324: 1313:. Retrieved 1309:the original 1304: 1295: 1284:. Retrieved 1280:the original 1270: 1259:. Retrieved 1255:the original 1245: 1233:. Retrieved 1228: 1219: 1202: 1193: 1162: 1125:(3): 19–23. 1122: 1118: 1108: 1091: 1084: 1075: 1067: 1062: 991: 975: 971: 951:Aretxabaleta 939:door-by-door 938: 872: 854: 845: 837: 830: 818: 810: 800:and produce 790: 774: 762:New Plymouth 743: 735: 730:plastic bags 723: 715: 707: 691: 679: 673:wheelie bins 666: 658: 652: 616: 605: 594: 552: 543: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 485: 389: 377: 374: 370:incineration 362: 269: 268: 257:Kitchen and 243: 242: 235: 231: 200: 192:wheelie bins 174:. 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