Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra - Knowledge (XXG)

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tendencies of discursiveness, it is called "ālaya-consciousness." Its body, together with the seven consciousnesses that arise from the ground of the latent tendencies of ignorance, always operates uninterruptedly, just like a great ocean and its waves, is free from the flaw of impermanence, is the cessation of the position of a self, and is utterly pure by nature. The seven consciousnesses such as mentation and the mental consciousness, which are other than this and arise and perish, are momentary, arise from the cause that is false imagination, focus on collections of shapes, activities, and distinct instances, cling to names and characteristics, do not understand that appearing forms and characteristics are one’s own mind, do not discriminate happiness and suffering, are not the cause for liberation, arise through and give rise to names, characteristics, and rising desire, and have the as their cause and support...However, if the ālaya-consciousness, which is known as "the

2266:. According to John Jorgensen, Fazang's commentary explains ten key themes he finds in the sutra: "1. the emptiness and existence in causation; 2.the fundamental and derived in the vijñānas; 3. the true and false in the substance of the vijñānas; 4. the seeds of the fundamental vijñāna; 5. the universality of the Buddha-nature; 6. the turning around of the minds of the two vehicle (followers); 7. the opening and closing of the stages of practice; 8. the non-obstruction of barrier and cure; 9. the freedom of pro and contrary; and 10. the eternal persistence of the Buddha-result." Fazang considered the Lankāvatāra to be one of the definitive sutras which taught the theme (zong) of "the attribute of reality" which teaches that consciousness is produced by buddha-nature. 1947:), because truths are beyond the letters. It does not mean, however, that (the Tathagatas) never declare what is connected with the benefit (artha) of beings. Depending upon discrimination, they declare anything. If, Mahamati, they do not depend upon discrimination, the scriptures containing all the truths will disappear, and when the scriptures disappear there will be no Buddhas, Sravakas, Pratyekabuddhas and Bodhisattvas; when they disappear, what is to be taught and to whom? For this reason, Mahamati, the Bodhisattva-Mahasattva should not cling to the words or letters in a canonical text...the Bodhisattva-Mahasattva should be in conformity with the meaning ( 223: 1611:). Further, it is both momentary and not momentary, it is the cause of virtue and non-virtue, it is the cause of all existences in saṃsāra, and thus it must be purified. But, at the same time, this same buddha-nature is described as indestructible, free from a self, naturally pure and free from the flaw of impermanence. It is compared to a dancer who does various performances and yet also to pure gold or a diamond that is never tarnished or changed. The Lanka sutra states that this buddha-nature storehouse-consciousness is something that cannot be fully understood by those who are not Buddhas. 1665: 1344:

which experience them that we can say that phenomena have no single characteristic or way of existing. All things are experienced (or not experienced) in various ways (vaicitryam) by different types of living beings, but none of these experiences are fixed or ultimately true, each one is mistaken (bhranti) in some way. At the same time, we can say that this ultimate nature of the emptiness of all characteristics is something that does not change. This ultimate reality, the

403: 6165: 6176: 3574: 1815:, this transcendental wisdom (aryajñāna) of the Lanka is "an intuitive understanding which, penetrating through the surface of existence, sees into that which is the reason of everything logically and ontologically" as well as "a fundamental intuition into the truth of Mind-only and constitutes the Buddhist enlightenment." Suzuki notes that aryajñāna is also designated by other terms, such as 3561: 3551: 1749:(pure consciousness). This distinction between an ultimate and a relative storehouse consciousness suggests that buddha-nature is not to be understood as completely equivalent with the storehouse consciousness, but rather is to be seen as the pure nature of the mind that remains once the mind has been purified of all adventitious stains (āgantukamala). 2180:'thrice clean' practice is criticized, may be a later edition based on its different tone and content from the rest of the text. Based on the text's lack of organization, varying and sometimes irrelevant chapter headings, and expansion over time, Suzuki suggests that it may have originated as a collection of individual passages summarizing essential 31: 1864:

realm of inconceivable wisdom all at once to those who have freed themselves of the habit-energy and misconceptions that are perceptions of their own minds. Or just as repository consciousness distinguishes such different perceptions of one’s mind as the realms of the body, its possessions, and the world around it all at once,

308:), the sutra outlines some key teachings which will be expounded on, "the Five Dharmas and the Three Inherent Natures (pañcadharmasvabhāva), the Eight Consciousnesses (vijñāna) and the Two forms of Selflessness (nairātmyādvaya)." Indeed, the sutra later states that within this set of teachings is included "all of the 1673:

In some passages, the sutra also seems to divide the storehouse consciousness into two. In one passage these are called "the ultimate ālaya-consciousness and the ālaya of cognizance (vijñapti)," while in another passage, they are called "the true nature of the mind" (which is pure) and "the mind that

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According to Gishin Tokiwa, the Sanskrit edition and Sikṣānanda's translation contain various additions and errors. Tokiwa considers that "the Gunabhadra version conveys the earliest, original Sanskrit text-form whereas the two other Chinese versions as well as the extant Sanskrit manuscripts that

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Or just as a clear mirror reflects formless images all at once, tathagatas likewise purify the stream of perceptions of beings’ minds by displaying pure, formless, undifferentiated realms all at once. Or just as the sun and moon illuminate images all at once, tathagatas likewise reveal the supreme

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as bearing the meaning of words such as emptiness, true end, nirvāṇa, nonarising, signlessness, and wishlessness. Thus, for the sake of relinquishing what makes naive beings afraid of the lack of a self, the tathāgata arhats, the completely perfect buddhas, teach the sphere of nonconceptuality and

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The sutra often presents Yogacara theories of consciousness, like the eight consciousnesses and the three natures, as well as the "five dharmas". Furthermore, since, as the sutra states, the whole world "is nothing but a complex manifestation of one's mental activities," all phenomena are empty of

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and his students. Jorgensen also states that "there is evidence that commentaries on the Lankāvatāra Sūtra attributed to Bodhidharma reached Japan, some at least by 736." This "Bodhidharma commentary...has to date from between 445 and 740" and "shares much in common with the theories of Jingying

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transcends even mind, thought, discrimination and subjectivity itself. Furthermore, the reason why all things are beyond being and non-being is closely connected to the idea that all experiences are mind only. It is because all experiences are just reflections of the mind of those deluded beings

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The knowledge which knows the ultimate truth is a central topic of the Lanka and is variously termed pratyātmāryajñānagati (the state of noble knowledge realized by oneself), svapratyātma (inner self-realization), pratyātmagati (that which is realized by oneself), pratyātmagatigocara (the field

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in order to attract the tīrthikas, who cling to the doctrine of the self. So how may those whose thinking falls into the views of conceiving an incorrect self and those who succumb to falling into the sphere of three liberation swiftly awaken to unsurpassable and completely perfect awakening?

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contains the causes of virtue and non-virtue and is the creator of all births and forms of existence. Free from a self and what is mine, like a dancer, it enters dangerous forms of existence...Being impregnated by all kinds of beginningless latent tendencies of the impregnations of negative

1975:, "it is generally believed that the sutra was compiled during 350-400 CE," although "many who have studied the sutra are of opinion that the introductory chapter and the last two chapters were added to the book at a later period." Christian Lindtner argues that some early recension of the 2245:

According to H. Hadano, Jñānavajra's commentary "takes the standpoint that the myriad pure and defiled dharmas are all manifestations of mind (citta), that they are not different to mind, and that they are mind-itself, in other words, the standpoint of the Rnam par rig pa tsam gyi dbu ma

2334:. Kokan attempts to show that Zen is a superior and separate transmission of the Buddha’s realization which stands entirely apart from all other Buddhist teaching, doctrine and scriptures and abandons all relative discourse, all "words and letters." Kokan draws on the teachings of the 2674:

Christian Lindtner. ‘The Laṅkāvatārasūtra in Early Madhyamaka Literature’. In J. Bronkhorst, K. Mimaki, and T.J.F. Tillemans eds. Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques (Études bouddhique offertes à Jacques May à lʼoccasion de son soixante-cinquième anniversaire) 46 no. 1 (1992):

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as well as some additions from the Śikṣānanda (652-710 CE) and Bodhiruchi translations (like the first "Ravana" introductory chapter). It also omits the "Sagāthakam", the last chapter in the long version of the sutra, which is considered by many scholars to be a later addition.

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describes buddha-nature as "the purity of natural luminosity, it is primordially pure, endowed with the thirty-two major marks, and hidden within the bodies of all sentient beings...just like a gem of great value wrapped in a stained cloth, it is wrapped up in the cloth of the

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still flourishes. It terminates only through seeing the five dharmas, the three natures, and phenomenal identitylessness....Therefore, Mahāmati, bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have this special goal should purify the tathāgata heart, which is known as "the ālaya-consciousness."

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According to Takasaki Jikido, because of this mosaic like character of the text, the best way to analyze the scripture has been "to divide the whole text into small parts or sections according to their subjects." The first commentator to attempt this was the Japanese author

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To reach this radical transformation of the mind, the bodhisattva must purify his actions and thoughts (through Buddhist practices like ethical discipline and meditation) as well as develop insight into the nature of things (through hearing the teachings and meditating on

1300:)." According to Gishin Tokiwa, this is not to say that there are no independent external beings conventionally, but rather what it means is that true insight into the nature of reality goes beyond all concepts of internal and external. Gishin Tokiwa sees the theory of 1429:

image, naming and discrimination correspond to the parikalpita-svabhāva (the "fully conceptualized" nature) and the paratantra-svabhāva (dependent nature), while right knowledge and Suchness correspond to the pariniṣpanna-svabhāva (the fully accomplished nature).

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the storehouse consciousness has two aspects "the Ālaya as it is in itself", called pāramālaya-vijñāna (the 'incessant' or prabandha aspect), and "the Ālaya as mental representation" (vijñaptir ālaya, the manifested or lakshaṇa aspect). Thus, it is the fluctuating

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was also involved in this translation effort. Before the final edits to this version had been made, Śikṣānanda returned to India, and another Indian monk called Mitrasena came to China who had studied the Buddhist sutras for 25 years in India, and who knew the

1631:," does not undergo a change (parāvṛtti), there is no cessation of the seven active consciousnesses. For what reason? Because the consciousnesses flourish by virtue of their cause and support, and is not an object of any of the yogins in the yogas of 1565:

further states that what "all sūtras of all buddhas teach is nothing but emptiness, nonarising, nonduality, and the lack of nature". The sutra also states that "all characteristics of conceptions have terminated, either through the instruction on the

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Because of this, all teachings in the sutra are not the ultimate, even though they point to the ultimate, like a finger pointing at the Moon. Thus, one should not become attached to the words of the sutra, to the letters (which are only provisional,

1557:. Therefore, this is not similar to the doctrine of a self of the tīrthikas. Consequently, in order to put an end to the views of the tīrthikas, they need to become followers of the heart of nonself of a tathāgata (tathāgatanairātmyagarbha). 321:), the teaching that consciousness as the only reality and that "all the objects of the world, and the names and forms of experience, are manifestations of the mind" as well as the "identification of the Buddha-nature (in the state of 2176:) are missing from the earliest translation, and the prose of the first chapter in later translations does not agree with the verse-form provided alongside it. Suzuki also suggests that the chapter on meat eating, where the 1784:

As Gishin Tokiwa writes, awakening is attained when the discriminating storehouse consciousness "ceases to be the ground and object of the seven vijñanas (consciousnesses)" and when only the pure buddha-nature remains.

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Sutton, Florin G. (1991). Existence and enlightenment in the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra: a study in the ontology and epistemology of the Yogācāra school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, Albany, NY : State Univ. of New York Press,

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Jñānavajra (12th century), ʼPhags pa lang kar gshegs pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen poʼi mdoʼi ʼgrel pa de bzhin gshegs paʼi snying poʼi rgyan zhes bya ba (*Āryalaṅkāvatāranāmamahāyānasūtravṛtti Tathāgatahṛdayālaṃkāra

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in 513 CE, and divided into ten fascicles. This edition is criticized in the imperial preface to the later translation, which says that it contains extra words and sentences mixed in that detract from the original

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include the Nanjio-edition did not go through any kind of appropriate text-critique." Takasaki Jikido likewise argued that the Gunabhadra edition was the closest version available to the early Sanskrit edition.

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are also duplicates and are found within the main body of the sutra. Takasaki Jikido has argued that these verse portions might actually be the earliest core of the sutra, around which prose explanations grew.

1780:). Awakening is the result of the bringing to an end of various activities of consciousness, such as the discrimination of the egoic consciousness (manas) and the latent tendencies of the storehouse consciousness 2135:

translations, and a version of the Sanskrit was preserved in Nepal. One Tibetan translation is derived from the Sanskrit original, and the other is likely a translation of Guṇabhadra's Chinese into Tibetan.

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View of the sea from Mount Malaya showing the shadow of the mountain. The simile of the ocean and the waves is used in the sutra to illustrate the relationship between the pure consciousness and the defiled

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of a Mahayana master which recorded important teachings. According to Takasaki Jikido, the Lanka "is, as often said, merely a mosaic collection of small parts put at random within the frame of a sutra."

1702:). According to Suzuki, the most common terms for this ultimate reality include: Tathatā ("suchness" or "thusness"), as well as "Satyatā, "the state of being true", Bhūtatā, "the state of being real", 2197:, who in the 14th century divided the text into 86 sections with titles. Most of these sections (but not all) include a prose part followed by a verse section that recapitulates the prose teaching. 1331:

thought, also tempers this idealistic mind-only view with the idea that ultimate reality transcends being and non-being (bhāvābhāva), and is beyond all views and concepts, even that of "mind" (

2322:佛語心論), in 18 scrolls 巻, which was written in 1324. He ignores most Song dynasty commentaries, and only cites Zhiyan's early commentary. Kokan's commentary includes extensive polemics against 2104:). This third edition (divided into seven fascicles) was translated by a team headed by Śikṣānanda and it was completed in 704 CE. This final translation was made at the behest of Empress 1363:

In turn, the view that the world and phenomena exist "externally", outside of mind, is seen as a serious error that leads to delusion and suffering. The Lanka sutra specifically cites the

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realized by oneself) and pratyātma dharmatā (the Dharma nature realized by oneself) in the sutra. Akira Suganuma writes that this "inner wisdom" is "that which all the teachings in the

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According to Saganuma, the schema of the Five Dharmas (pañcadharma), which explains all of reality in terms of five phenomena, is essential for understanding the basic worldview of the

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Samyagjñāna (right knowledge), the knowledge gained by bodhisattvas who understand the true nature of things (i.e. Suchness) and who transcend the discriminations of worldly people

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Suzuki's translation, though sub-titled as a translation from the Sanskrit, actually also draws on the Chinese translations along with the Sanskrit edition of Bunyu Nanjo (1923).

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In a Set of Four Texts: A Sanskrit Restoration, English and Japanese Translations with Introduction, and the Collated Gunabhadra Chinese Version with Japanese Reading, p. xvii.

2020:(4th to 5th century CE). But the issue of the dating of the Lanka is further complicated by the complex nature of Vasubandhu's authorship of various texts and the fact that his 729: 1639:, and tīrthikas. Even when one realizes one’s own lack of a personal self and apprehends the specific and general characteristics of the skandhas, dhātus, and āyatanas, this 1574:

attempts to unify the positive buddha-nature teachings and the more negative emptiness teachings, presenting them as being equivalent to each other and as non-contradictory.

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In a Set of Four Texts: A Sanskrit Restoration, English and Japanese Translations with Introduction, and the Collated Gunabhadra Chinese Version with Japanese Reading.

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suffering and ignorance arises when consciousness engages in discrimination, representation and conceptualization. This error leads to the egoic consciousness, the

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as neither separate from nor united with the defiled latent tendencies. Like a white piece of clothing that remains white underneath but can be dirtied by dust."

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and Huayan. Another commentary is that of the Chan monk Zhengshou (1146-1208) of the Xuedou lineage which provides a Chan perspective on the Lanka. The

1687:) aspect of the storehouse consciousness that gets caught up in the discrimination and craving of the manas consciousness, while the primitively pure ( 3540: 1924:

As the ignorant grasps the finger-tip (that points to the moon) and does not cognize the moon, so those who cling to the letter do not know my truth.

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Through attaining the reality as nothing but our own mind, which is the Self free from manifestation, we return to abiding in the final attainment of

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In spite of this however, the view of "mind-only" is still seen as an important way to transcend our current deluded state, as the Lanka sutra states:

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As noted by Brunnholzl, this paradoxical storehouse consciousness qua buddha-nature contains both contaminated and uncontaminated latent tendencies (

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The present Sanskrit edition contains ten chapters and most scholars consider the introductory chapter (the "Ravana" chapter), the ninth chapter (a

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verses) as being later additions. Furthermore, not all versions of the sutra contain these chapters (1, 9, 10). However, some verses found in the

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Lindtner, Christian (1992). The Lankavatarasutra in Early Indian Madhyamaka Literature, Copenhagen. Asiatische Studien, XLV, 1, pp. 244–279.

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Gishin Tokiwa, "Svacittamatra, the basic standpoint of the Lankavatara Sutra." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 26.1, 1977, 34-39 137.1.34.

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discusses how the purification of the mind occurs, and the passage states that it can occur gradually as well as suddenly. In this passage, the

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speaks of nine forms of consciousnesses (as opposed to the classic eight consciousnesses of Yogacara). This passage may have been the source of

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Samkalpa, Vikalpa (discrimination), the distinctions and connections between different names and ideas that allow us to distinguish between them

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The Zen Commentary on the Lankāvatāra Sūtra by Kokan Shiren (1278-1346) and its chief antecedent, the commentary by the Khotanese monk Zhiyan

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in 443 CE, and divided into four fascicles. This edition by Guṇabhadra is said to be the one handed down from the founder of Chan Buddhism,

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Gishin Tokiwa has also published a reconstructed Sanskrit edition based on the extant Sanskrit manuscript and the Gunabhadra translation.

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transmission of “seeing the nature and completing Buddhahood” means. Another Japanese commentary was published in 1687 by Tokugan Yoson.

782: 3359: 6045: 1469:, is tainted by the stains of desire, hatred, ignorance, and false imagination but is permanent, eternal, peaceful, and everlasting". 5942: 5492: 3587: 3518: 3500: 2299: 6035: 1694:

Indeed, this pure aspect of the storehouse consciousness is also called "something that has been in existence since the very first" (

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is how the ultimate reality (dharmata) transcends all language and conventional expressions and is free from verbal discrimination (

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interprets as suggesting that additions were made to the text over time. The first and last chapters (which connect the text with

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likewise bring beings to maturity in whatever realm they dwell all at once and lead practitioners to reside in Akanishtha Heaven.

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Nimitta (images, appearances), this is what has characteristics like form (rupa), shape, distinctive features, and images (ākāra).

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also states that even though Buddhas teach (in conventional fashion), they have never uttered even a single letter or syllable (

1413:(Suchness), the truth, ultimate reality, which is beyond all words, images and discrimination, beyond all duality and plurality. 6221: 6112: 6102: 2225:. Jñānavajra's commentary presents a unique Yogācāra-Svātantrika-Madhyamaka perspective which was termed ‘cognitive centrism’ ( 3320:

Lankavatara Sutram. A Jewel Scripture of Mahayana Thought and Practice. A study of the Four-Fascicle Lankavatara Ratna Sutram.

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Lankavatara Sutram. A Jewel Scripture of Mahayana Thought and Practice. A study of the Four-Fascicle Lankavatara Ratna Sutram.

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Lankavatara Sutram. A Jewel Scripture of Mahayana Thought and Practice. A study of the Four-Fascicle Lankavatara Ratna Sutram

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Lankavatara Sutram. A Jewel Scripture of Mahayana Thought and Practice. A study of the Four-Fascicle Lankavatara Ratna Sutram

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Lankavatara Sutram. A Jewel Scripture of Mahayana Thought and Practice. A study of the Four-Fascicle Lankavatara Ratna Sutram

2638: 2246:(vijñapti-mātrika-mādhyamika) which considers saṃvṛtti and paramārtha as two sides of the same coin, and discards duality." 2118:. This translation is said to have employed five separate Sanskrit editions for accuracy. The Huayan scholar and Sanskritist 1348:, is also free from arising, abiding and cessation while also being the ground for the illusory manifestation of the world. 6027: 5725: 5408: 3700: 3533: 2570: 1535:

is not similar to the doctrine of the self of the tīrthikas. Rather, Mahāmati, the tathāgatas give the instruction on the

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has argued that the evidence attributing this text to Nagarjuna is insufficient and that furthermore, a passage from the

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Sy, Nguyen Dac. "Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra." PhD diss., University of Delhi, 2012.

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Mahāmati, it is for their sake that the tathāgata arhats, the completely perfect buddhas, give the instruction on the

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were made from Sanskrit into the Chinese language between roughly 420 CE and 704, the earliest being attributed to

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According to Nguyen Dac Sy, the most important doctrines of the Laṅkāvatāra are the primacy of consciousness (Skt.

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Suzuki, D. T. (1930). Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra. Reprint: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi 1998,

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Pāsādika, B. (1988). The Indian Origins of the Lam-rim Literature of Central Asia. The Tibet Journal, 13(1), 3-11.

1335:) itself. Thus, even though the Lanka presents a "mind-only" view in some passages, other sections state that the 6040: 5853: 5843: 5715: 4698: 4278: 4039: 4014: 3040:

Willemen, Charles. "Guṇabhadra to Bodhidharma: The Laṅkāvatāra-Sūtra and the Idea of Preaching without Words" in

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Huiyuan (523-592) of the Southern Dilun Faction, who quoted the Lankāvatāra Sūtra as one of his authorities."

1320:) - "to be regarded as forms seen in a vision and a dream, empty of substance, unborn and without self-nature." 6206: 6201: 6145: 5497: 5311: 5289: 5282: 5185: 4718: 4154: 4099: 3720: 3526: 2209:

Jñānaśrībhadra (11th century), ʼPhags pa lang kar gshegs paʼi ʼgrel pa (*Āryalaṅkāvatāravṛtti) P #5519; D #4018

1859:, which ripens by degrees," and immediately after it also states that awakening can also happen "all at once": 214:". The text survives in one Sanskrit manuscript from Nepal as well as in Tibetan and Han Chinese translation. 1839:, discriminative understanding, a relative and conceptual kind of knowledge based on duality and pluralities. 2062: 1570:

or through the instruction on identitylessness". Karl Brunnholzl notes that throughout various passages, the

6082: 6062: 5393: 5373: 5130: 4860: 4661: 4422: 4104: 4054: 3158:. Translated by Ethel M. Coomaraswamy (1998 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 1356: 1096: 2911: 2342:

to claim that Zen is a unique transmission of the realization of this perfect nature and that this is what

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is "the basis for Chan’s famous wordless teaching" which sees Chan as being taught "without words" (言说).

1500:) and also equates it with the "true self" which is realized by "those whose minds are not distracted by 1364: 1061: 761: 6097: 6067: 5648: 5580: 5413: 5328: 5323: 5247: 5242: 5160: 3690: 2440:

The Red Pine translation is a composite translation which draws on the four-fascicle Chinese edition of

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and Takasaki Jikido have noted that the text is somewhat unsystematic and disorganized, resembling the

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Suzuki, D. T. (2003). The Lankavatara Sutra, An Epitomized Version, Consortium Book Sales & Dist,

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of the Sanskrit in 1923 based on four manuscripts from the Nepalese recension, among other sources.

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This radical reversal of the activities of consciousness is called the turning around of the basis (

1772:) arises when discrimination is brought to an end by a deep intuitive and non-conceptual knowledge ( 1618:

explains this paradoxical buddha-nature consciousness which is defiled and yet undefiled as follows:

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between 411 and 435, during a time when Mahayana Buddhism was popular in the island (at sites like

1912: 1865: 1524: 1512: 1336: 1191: 796: 681: 672: 497: 457: 203: 5789: 5990: 5895: 5737: 5700: 5695: 5625: 5575: 5522: 5517: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5368: 5353: 5338: 5333: 5272: 5252: 5215: 5140: 4945: 4646: 4570: 4448: 4390: 4231: 4131: 4059: 4034: 3680: 3610: 3229: 3211: 3179: 1987:(3rd century), basing his conclusion on several close or literal allusions to the sutra in early 1707: 1593: 1211: 1176: 838: 768: 690: 477: 2965:

in Charles S. Prebish (ed.) Buddhism: A Modern Perspective, Penn State Press, pp. 115-116, 2010.

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in Charles S. Prebish (ed.) Buddhism: A Modern Perspective, Penn State Press, pp. 112-114, 2010.

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The Lankavatara Sutra: A Mahayana Text Translated for the first time from the original Sanskrit.

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There are also numerous East Asian Buddhist commentaries on the Lanka, like the commentaries by

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draws on and explains numerous important Mahayana Buddhist concepts including the philosophy of

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Some modern scholars like Gishin Tokiwa also surmise that the sutra may have been compiled in

1855:

states that the purification of the mind can happen "by degrees and not all at once. Like the

1649: 1332: 1201: 1186: 1181: 1164: 843: 754: 704: 581: 384: 4895: 2501: 901: 5816: 5769: 5764: 5620: 5585: 5560: 5555: 5306: 5262: 5175: 4850: 4506: 4499: 4283: 4273: 4159: 3823: 3695: 2143: 2110: 1398: 1284:"all things are only manifestations of the mind itself" i.e. all phenomena are "mind-only" ( 1196: 1169: 1036: 853: 833: 657: 621: 247: 68: 4915: 4079: 4069: 3833: 3492: 2230: 2051: 1586:("buddha-womb" or buddha-source) is also equated with the "storehouse consciousness" (Skt. 1516: 1501: 916: 601: 452: 279: 176: 6180: 6125: 6077: 6005: 5875: 5673: 5653: 5595: 5507: 5170: 5068: 4651: 4634: 4619: 4597: 4149: 4019: 3853: 1473: 1316: 1141: 1076: 634: 616: 492: 472: 72: 43: 4925: 4639: 3886: 3749: 3025:

Reimagining Chan Buddhism: Sheng Yen and the Creation of the Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan,

2441: 2399: 2070: 936: 85: 2702: 6135: 5838: 5688: 5470: 5050: 5030: 4950: 4629: 4563: 4538: 4400: 3486: 1328: 1206: 1121: 878: 642: 541: 447: 442: 227: 150: 114: 5063: 4363: 4353: 2906:

Tokiwa, Gishin. "The Tathāgata-Garbha as the Fundamental Subject of the Four Satyas."

2757:

Linguistic Strategies in Daoist Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism: The Other Way of Speaking.

2456:

London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1932 (originally published); 1956 (reprint).

2127:. Fazang and Mitrasena were given the task of revising and completing the translation. 1902:) the sutra states that Buddhas "do not teach the doctrine that is dependent letters ( 6195: 5905: 5754: 4965: 4823: 4624: 4602: 4209: 4004: 3999: 3891: 3725: 3560: 3509:. (Page text is in Russian but materials are in English, Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan.) 3271: 2486: 2388: 2339: 2278: 1872:

This idea was important for the establishment of the East Asian Buddhist doctrine of

1493: 1481: 1444: 1422: 1345: 1296:

as the view that "what is seen as something external is nothing but one's own mind" (

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dynasty era, also wrote a long commentary to the Lanka which was influenced by the

2290: 2205:

There are two traditional Indian commentaries preserved in Tibetan translations:

2194: 1812: 1675: 1604:

and "free from the characteristics of mind, without consciousness and mentation."

1131: 1116: 956: 239: 207: 195: 4778: 4763: 4723: 3660: 3487:

Online version of full text of the Sutra translated and introduced by D. T. Suzuki

1592:), the most fundamental layer of consciousness which contains the karmic seeds of 1276:

often presents a mind-only philosophy influenced by the idealistic thought of the

946: 5965: 5955: 5794: 4935: 4920: 4703: 4511: 4439: 4219: 4049: 3951: 3798: 3670: 3151: 2494: 2353:, various commentaries were written, such as those by the Chan-Pure Land master 2343: 2282: 2222: 2161: 2139: 2074: 1898: 1773: 1703: 991: 966: 951: 648: 591: 546: 534: 417: 365: 118: 6175: 4109: 1387:

considers that all Mahayana teachings are included within these five dharmas.

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Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The many lives of Fazang (643-712).

2111: 1991:

texts. Thus, the core of the sutra could date to a much earlier time. The

1519:. The Lanka further states that buddha-nature is merely a skillful means ( 742: 710: 678: 655: 6015: 5970: 5915: 5880: 5784: 5443: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4990: 4975: 4955: 4890: 4808: 4798: 4773: 4768: 4668: 4429: 4300: 4288: 4199: 3936: 3858: 3555: 3399:

Separate Teaching and Separate Transmission: Kokan Shiren’s Zen Polemics.

2181: 2169: 1984: 1873: 1086: 1056: 1051: 1041: 1001: 981: 906: 858: 808: 596: 392: 357: 345: 309: 243: 211: 138: 130: 56: 39: 3326:, Kyoto. Printed by the Meibunsha Printing Co. Lts., Kyoto, Japan, 2003. 3116:, Kyoto. Printed by the Meibunsha Printing Co. Lts., Kyoto, Japan, 2003. 2912:

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ibk1952/33/1/33_1_403/_pdf/-char/en

2821:, Kyoto. Printed by the Meibunsha Printing Co. Lts., Kyoto, Japan, 2003. 2692:, Kyoto. Printed by the Meibunsha Printing Co. Lts., Kyoto, Japan, 2003. 2505:, includes a Sinhalese legend of the Buddha visiting the island of Lanka 2414:, Kyoto. Printed by the Meibunsha Printing Co. Lts., Kyoto, Japan, 2003. 1876:, an important doctrine which was later widely debated and discussed in 30: 5920: 5863: 5848: 4995: 4985: 4960: 4835: 4830: 4788: 4758: 4690: 4656: 4607: 4543: 4484: 4479: 4375: 4333: 4236: 4074: 4024: 3811: 3637: 2402:

and the Sanskrit (restored on the basis of Gunabhadra's translation):

2327: 2304: 2173: 1462: 1368: 1046: 976: 971: 868: 813: 512: 467: 369: 349: 255: 3422:

A Study of Chinese Commentaries on the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment.

1456:, which is explained in many different ways throughout the sutra. The 6000: 5985: 5821: 5683: 5663: 5438: 5100: 4980: 4970: 4905: 4533: 4489: 4474: 4464: 4434: 4415: 4358: 4241: 4009: 3881: 3625: 3620: 3506: 2323: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2165: 2119: 2040: 1934: 1523:) of teaching the dharma to non-buddhists (tīrthikas) who cling to a 1081: 1016: 986: 921: 818: 304: 126: 3425:

School of Marxism, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.

2639:"Buddha-nature (as Depicted in the Lankavatara-sutra), Introduction" 2307:

monk Shanyue (1149-1241), also wrote a commentary to the Lanka.

2108:, after Śikṣānanda had completed his 80-fascicle translation of the 2663:''The Literature of the Madhyamaka School of Philosophy in India,'' 2371:

Forest of Comments of Detailed Interpretations on Lankavatara Sutra

6140: 5975: 5833: 5799: 5779: 5749: 5678: 5095: 4940: 4818: 4813: 4783: 4738: 4585: 4580: 4459: 4164: 3989: 3956: 3946: 2910:(Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies) 33, no. 1 (1984): 13–18. 2381:

The following are English translations of the Lankavatara sutra.

2003:(but this attribution has also been questioned by some scholars). 1520: 1421:

also closely connects this theory with the Yogacara theory of the

1126: 1026: 961: 437: 122: 2217:

These commentaries mainly comment on the sutra by relying on the

2081:. This version lacks chapter 1, 9 and 10 from the later versions. 2039:) and the island also received visits from Chinese pilgrims like 6010: 4803: 4469: 3966: 3445:, Kyoto: Otani University Press, pp. VIII-IX (Skt. edition) 3522: 3493:

Online version of abridged text as translated by Dwight Goddard

3364:

2019, Bulletin of International Institute for Buddhist Studies.

3293:. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Reference USA. p. 456. 5668: 4204: 2131:

In addition to these Chinese translations, there are also two

1877: 828: 121:

named Mahāmati ("Great Wisdom"). The sūtra is set in mythical

3383:

Jñānaśrībhadra and Jñānavajra: Their Biographical Approaches.

1492:

explains buddha-nature in a positive manner as the naturally

194:

was often quoted and paraphrased by Indian philosophers like

1819:("an insight fixed upon the ultimate ground of existence"), 2743:

Analysis of the Lankavatara. In Search of its Original Form

1943:

the Tathagatas neither uttered nor answered even a letter (

3507:

Collection of materials for studying the Lankavatara sutra

3072:

The Lankavatarasutra in Early Indian Madhyamaka Literature

1745:

doctrine of the ninth consciousness, which he termed the *

1540:

nonappearance through the introductory instruction on the

2890:, Introduction, pp. xxxv-xxxvi. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2618:, 禅文化研究所紀要第32号（平成25年11月), Australian National University 2359:

Commentary on the Meanings of the Laṅkāvatāra Jewel Sūtra

1544:...Mahāmati, the tathāgatas teach the instruction on the 59:: लिंकावतारसूत्र, "Discourse of the Descent into Laṅkā", 2069:). This is the earliest edition which was translated by 1515:), calls it selfless (nairātmya), and states that it is 202:, and it also figured prominently in the development of 88:

Chinese title: 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 léngqié ābáduōluó bǎojīng) and

3074:, Copenhagen. Asiatische Studien, XLV, 1, pp. 244–279. 159:(store-house consciousness), the inner "disposition" ( 96:

The Sutra on the Descent of the True Dharma into Laṅkā

3503:

at the Buddhist Information of North America website.

2703:

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28355

2184:

doctrines, which were later shaped into a narrative.

98:). A subtitle to the sutra found in some sources is " 3230:"The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue" 3212:"The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue" 3180:"The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue" 2716:

Lankavatara-Sutra: die makellose Wahrheit erschauen,

1959:

According to Charles Willemen, this teaching of the

1916:) and instead should focus on the ultimate meaning ( 6111: 6026: 5941: 5639: 5541: 5424: 5121: 5049: 4876: 4749: 4689: 4324: 4190: 4130: 3975: 3867: 3797: 3651: 3596: 2983:, Introduction, p. xxxii. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2310:One of the most important Japanese commentaries is 1476:, "the attainment of the realization of suchness" ( 3339:, Butten-koza, vol. 17, Daizo-shuppan, Tokyo 1980. 2945:, Introduction, p. xxix. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 3012:The Lankavatara Sutra: Translation and Commentary 2929:, Introduction, p. xxv. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2269:The Lanka is also quoted and commented on in the 2160:are significantly shorter than later ones, which 1472:Buddha-nature is also equated with the wisdom of 3276:, Kyoto, Otani University Press 1923 (in Nāgarī) 3197: 3195: 3193: 2392:. The Lankavatara Sutra. The Heart of Buddhism. 1808:indicate to us is to realize or accomplish." 3360:The Laṅkāvatārasūtra: A Bibliographical Survey 1578:The storehouse consciousness and buddha-nature 1511:also states that buddha-nature is not a self ( 3534: 3097:A note on Vasubandhu and the Lankavatarasutra 3042:Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 2427:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: Translation and Commentary 2316:Treatise on the Essence of the Buddha’s Words 2289:Various commentaries were written during the 2229:) and he also heavily relies on the works of 1652:) or storehouse consciousness is seen by the 1253: 8: 4316:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 3515:, Bibliotheca Polyglotta, University of Oslo 3061:ed. G. P. Malalasekara et al. (Colombo 1999) 2394:Translated from the original Sanskrit. 2012. 2237:. In this commentary, he also critiques the 1660:The mistaken mind and the pure consciousness 1292:). This idealistic view is explained by the 336:Other topics discussed in the sutra include 2833:Goddard, Dwight (1932). A Buddhist Bible ( 3541: 3527: 3519: 3146: 3144: 3142: 2398:From the four-fascicle Chinese edition of 1596:. However, in other further passages, the 1452:(buddha disposition or buddha lineage) or 1260: 1246: 379: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 2490:, another sutra important to Zen Buddhism 2088:). This second edition was translated by 302:). In the introduction to the sutra (the 100:the heart of the words of all the Buddhas 3014:, Chapter two (pp. 43-167), section XIV. 2996:p. 78. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 1663: 221: 83:The Jewel Sutra of the Entry into Laṅkā, 29: 5503:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 2787: 2785: 2515: 391: 5706:List of Buddhist architecture in China 3393: 3391: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3245: 3243: 3091: 3089: 2981:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text 2975: 2973: 2971: 2943:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text 2937: 2935: 2927:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text 2921: 2919: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2888:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text 2869: 2867: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2610: 2365:(楞伽經合轍) and Jiaohong's (焦竑 1540–1620) 2057:Of these, only three are now extant: 1691:) aspect of the storehouse does not. 1678:similarly notes that according to the 1304:as the central message of the sutra. 368:, and the three bodies of the Buddha ( 360:in describing the ultimate truth, the 206:. It is notably an important sūtra in 113:recounts a teaching primarily between 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2829: 2827: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2665:Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1981, p. 7. 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2281:that contains material attributed to 1768:Meanwhile, liberation and awakening ( 1390:The Five Dharmas are the following: 1383:. Indeed, according to Saganuma, the 7: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2429:. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2012. 2338:on the perfect nature taught by the 2011:seems to be a direct quotation from 1888:Another important idea found in the 1397:Nāma (naming), these are the ideas ( 344:, the wrong views of non-buddhists ( 210:, as it discusses the key issue of " 5493:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 3291:MacMillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism 2571:"Laṅkāvatārasūtra - Buddha-Nature" 102:" (一切佛語心 yiqiefo yuxin, Sanskrit: 25: 2227:vijñaptimadhyama, rnam rig dbu ma 2156:The earliest translations of the 2084:The second is Taishō # 671 (入楞伽經 1600:is also said to be free from all 6174: 6164: 6163: 5721:Thai temple art and architecture 5466:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 3706:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 3572: 3559: 3549: 3156:Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra 1531:Mahāmati, my instruction on the 401: 234:, the main setting of the sutra. 3573: 3059:Encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol 6. 2361:), the Huayan master Tongrun's 2098:The Mahāyāna Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra; 1843:Sudden and gradual purification 1434:The buddha-nature and emptiness 1323:Tokiwa further writes that the 5711:Japanese Buddhist architecture 5513:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 4593:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 3784:Places where the Buddha stayed 3044:Third Series, Number 16, 2014. 2835:Lankavatara sutra, chapter VII 2367:Lengqie jing jing jie ping lin 2277:), an important text of early 1: 5726:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 3289:(2004). "Lankavatara Sutra". 2482:, a sutra with similar themes 1999:which has been attributed to 1561:According to Brunnholzl, the 5483:Buddhism and the Roman world 5459:Decline of Buddhism in India 5454:History of Buddhism in India 3554: Topics in 3441:Nanjio, Bunyiu. ed. (1923). 3253:pp. 145-146. Leiden: Brill. 3070:Lindtner, Christian (1992). 2384:From the Sanskrit edition: 1995:is quoted four times in the 1884:The Ultimate is beyond words 1874:sudden (dun 頓) enlightenment 1847:An important passage in the 1737:In yet another passage, the 1648:Thus, the fundamental mind ( 1448:(buddha-nature) also called 1327:being closely influenced by 258:) and the last chapter (the 226:Mount Malaya (also known as 4681:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 4421: 2791:Akira Suganuma (1967), The 2241:view of Yogacara philosophy 2112: 2096:The third is Taishō # 672 ( 2077:, to the Second Patriarch, 1979:influenced the writings of 1951:) and not with the letter ( 1753:Error, wisdom and awakening 1674:arises from mistakenness." 1438:A major topic found in the 743: 711: 679: 656: 27:Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture 6238: 5631:The unanswerable questions 2908:Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu 2837:), 1st edition; pp.110–111 2714:Karl-Heinz Golzio (2010). 2293:. Baochen, writing in the 1401:) based on the appearances 1371:philosophy for criticism. 104:sarvabuddhapravacanahṛdaya 6159: 5716:Buddhist temples in Korea 4279:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 4182:Three planes of existence 3789:Buddha in world religions 3568: 2759:Routledge, 2003, page 58. 2740:Takasaki, Jikido (1980). 2418:Composite translations: 2188:Analysis and commentaries 2046:Four translations of the 1920:). The Lanka thus states: 1280:school. According to the 145:philosophy of mind-only ( 91:Saddharmalaṅkāvatārasūtra 64: 5498:Persecution of Buddhists 4719:Four stages of awakening 4100:Three marks of existence 3686:Physical characteristics 3397:Stephan Kigensan Licha. 3201:Nanjio 1923, pp. VIII–IX 1823:(innate understanding), 356:, the limited nature of 286:), and the doctrines of 278:school, the doctrine of 218:Overview and main themes 38:written in Chinese from 4861:Ten principal disciples 3744:(aunt, adoptive mother) 3095:Schmithausen, Lambert. 2637:Nguyen, Dac Sy (2012). 2575:buddhanature.tsadra.org 2357:(including 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經義疏, 2250:East Asian commentaries 2067:Lengqieabaduoluobaojing 1582:In other passages, the 746:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra 73:Mahayana Buddhist sūtra 71:: 入楞伽經) is a prominent 6222:Buddhist vegetarianism 5571:Buddhism and democracy 5084:Tibetan Buddhist canon 5079:Chinese Buddhist canon 4311:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4306:Early Buddhist schools 2661:Ruegg, David Seyfort, 2450:Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki 1957: 1926: 1870: 1670: 1646: 1559: 1482:the perfected nature ( 1423:three inherent natures 1361: 1288:) or "ideation-only" ( 776:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra 723:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras 338:Buddhist vegetarianism 238:Various scholars like 235: 78:Laṅkāvatāraratnasūtram 46: 5581:Eight Consciousnesses 3691:Life of Buddha in art 3498:The Lankavatara Sutra 3443:The Laṅkāvatāra sūtra 3410:Suzuki (1930), p. 64. 3273:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 3249:Chen, Jinhua (2007). 2979:Suzuki, D.T. (1999). 2963:The Lankavatara Sutra 2941:Suzuki, D.T. (1999). 2925:Suzuki, D.T. (1999). 2886:Suzuki, D.T. (1999). 2875:The Lankavatara Sutra 2271:Bodhidharma Anthology 2168:, the villain of the 2054:in the 5th century. 1941: 1922: 1861: 1700:paurāṇasthitidharmatā 1667: 1620: 1602:eight consciousnesses 1548:through teaching the 1529: 1442:are the teachings on 1353: 1298:svacitta-drsya-mātram 737:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 714:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 658:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 643:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras 352:), a critique of the 225: 33: 6058:East Asian religions 5488:Buddhism in the West 5059:Early Buddhist texts 4674:Four Right Exertions 4140:Ten spiritual realms 3633:Noble Eightfold Path 3513:Multilingual edition 3501:BIONA online version 3053:Asanga Tilakaratne, 2377:English translations 2102:Dashengrulengqiejing 2005:Lambert Schmithausen 1967:History and editions 1706:, "realm of truth", 1696:pūrvadharmasthititā, 1517:empty of self-nature 488:Bodhisattva Precepts 448:Transcendent Virtues 212:sudden enlightenment 75:. 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According to the 1159:Regional traditions 698:Lalitavistara Sūtra 673:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra 666:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra 562:Prajñāpāramitā Devī 478:Non-abiding Nirvana 443:Transcendent Wisdom 204:East Asian Buddhism 137:discusses numerous 6103:Western philosophy 5701:Dzong architecture 5523:Vipassana movement 5518:Buddhist modernism 4946:Emperor Wen of Sui 4714:Pratyekabuddhayāna 4647:Threefold Training 4449:Vipassana movement 4165:Hungry Ghost realm 3985:Avidyā (Ignorance) 3932:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 3681:Great Renunciation 3676:Eight Great Events 3558: 3380:Kim, Su-ah (2016) 3335:Takasaki, Jikido: 2363:Lengqie jing hezhe 2300:Awakening of Faith 1973:Asanga Tilakaratne 1689:prakṛitipuriśuddhi 1671: 783:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 769:Golden Light Sutra 682:Vimalakirtinirdeśa 498:Bodhisattva stages 463:Consciousness-only 372:) doctrine. 236: 129:, the king of the 47: 6189: 6188: 5827:Om mani padme hum 5533:Women in Buddhism 5449:Buddhist councils 5319:Western countries 5107:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 4868:Shaolin Monastery 4445:Samatha-vipassanā 4055:Pratītyasamutpāda 3859:Metteyya/Maitreya 3777: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3606:Four Noble Truths 3270:B. Nanjio (ed.): 3259:978-90-04-15613-5 3055:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 3010:Red Pine (2013). 2688:, p. lxxi-lxxii. 2643:www.wisdomlib.org 2614:Jorgensen, John. 2435:978-1-58243-791-0 2158:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 2125:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 2048:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 2037:Abhayagiri vihara 1949:artha-pratiśaraṇa 1866:nishyanda buddhas 1831:(imagelessness), 1757:According to the 1726:), the Formless ( 1710:, the Permanent ( 1488:Furthermore, the 1282:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1274:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1270: 1269: 755:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 730:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 705:Samādhirāja Sūtra 428:Mind of Awakening 394:Mahāyāna Buddhism 272:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 192:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 52:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 36:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 16:(Redirected from 6229: 6179: 6178: 6167: 6166: 6006:Sacred languages 5854:Maya Devi Temple 5817:Mahabodhi Temple 5621:Secular Buddhism 5586:Engaged Buddhism 4426: 4274:Tibetan Buddhism 4225:Vietnamese Thiền 3824:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 3775: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3735: 3727: 3576: 3575: 3563: 3553: 3543: 3536: 3529: 3520: 3426: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3395: 3386: 3378: 3365: 3357:Florin Deleanu, 3355: 3340: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3305: 3304: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3234:www.acmuller.net 3226: 3220: 3219: 3216:www.acmuller.net 3208: 3202: 3199: 3188: 3187: 3184:www.acmuller.net 3176: 3170: 3169: 3148: 3117: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3068: 3062: 3051: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3031:Routledge, 2021. 3021: 3015: 3008: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2966: 2959: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2923: 2914: 2904: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2862: 2859: 2838: 2831: 2822: 2811: 2800: 2797:Lankavatarasutra 2789: 2760: 2753: 2747: 2738: 2719: 2712: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2682: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2649: 2634: 2619: 2612: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2567: 2479:Ghanavyūha Sūtra 2144:critical edition 2115: 2113:Avataṃsaka Sūtra 2063:Taishō Tripiṭaka 2024:also quotes the 1945:ekam apy akṣaram 1806:Laṅkāvatārasūtra 1790:āśraya-parāvṛtti 1498:prabhāsvaracitta 1375:The Five Dharmas 1314:) and illusory ( 1262: 1255: 1248: 1037:Hongzhi Zhengjue 854:Tibetan Buddhism 762:Ghanavyūha sūtra 750: 718: 691:Pure Land Sutras 686: 661: 622:Wrathful deities 405: 395: 380: 366:bodhisattva path 340:, the theory of 300:prabhāsvaracitta 248:commonplace book 173:prabhāsvaracitta 141:topics, such as 66: 61:Standard Tibetan 21: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6207:Vaipulya sutras 6202:Mahayana sutras 6192: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6173: 6155: 6107: 6022: 5937: 5674:Ordination hall 5635: 5537: 5508:Buddhist crisis 5420: 5117: 5069:Mahayana sutras 5045: 5041:Thích Nhất Hạnh 4872: 4745: 4685: 4635:Bodhisattva vow 4320: 4186: 4126: 4085:Taṇhā (Craving) 4020:Five hindrances 3971: 3863: 3793: 3647: 3592: 3564: 3547: 3483: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3396: 3389: 3379: 3368: 3356: 3343: 3334: 3330: 3318:Gishin Tokiwa. 3317: 3308: 3301: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3269: 3265: 3248: 3241: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3191: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3150: 3149: 3120: 3108:Gishin Tokiwa. 3107: 3103: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3069: 3065: 3052: 3048: 3039: 3035: 3022: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2994:The Way of Zen, 2991: 2987: 2978: 2969: 2961:Ehman, Mark A. 2960: 2949: 2940: 2933: 2924: 2917: 2905: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2873:Ehman, Mark A. 2872: 2865: 2860: 2841: 2832: 2825: 2813:Gishin Tokiwa. 2812: 2803: 2790: 2763: 2754: 2750: 2739: 2722: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2696: 2684:Gishin Tokiwa. 2683: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2622: 2613: 2588: 2579: 2577: 2569: 2568: 2517: 2512: 2474: 2406:Gishin Tokiwa. 2379: 2314:’s (1278-1346) 2252: 2219:epistemological 2203: 2190: 1969: 1886: 1845: 1817:pravicayabuddhi 1776:) of suchness ( 1755: 1662: 1641:tathāgatagarbha 1637:pratyekabuddhas 1629:tathāgatagarbha 1624:tathāgatagarbha 1598:tathāgatagarbha 1584:tathāgatagarbha 1580: 1568:tathāgatagarbha 1555:tathāgatagarbha 1550:tathāgatagarbha 1546:tathāgatagarbha 1542:tathāgatagarbha 1537:tathāgatagarbha 1533:tathāgatagarbha 1445:tathāgatagarbha 1436: 1377: 1266: 1237: 1236: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1147:Thích Nhất Hạnh 1142:14th Dalai Lama 1077:Abhayākaragupta 892: 884: 883: 799: 789: 788: 637: 635:Mahayana sutras 627: 626: 537: 523: 522: 493:Bodhisattva vow 413: 393: 378: 324:tathāgatagarbha 292:tathāgatagarbha 220: 44:British Library 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6235: 6233: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6194: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6171: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6038: 6032: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5738:Greco-Buddhist 5730: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5689:Burmese pagoda 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5645: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5471:Greco-Buddhism 5468: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5404:United Kingdom 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5349:Czech Republic 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5113:Abhidharmadīpa 5110: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5031:B. R. Ambedkar 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4951:Songtsen Gampo 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4630:Eight precepts 4627: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4418: 4408: 4403: 4401:Five Strengths 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4196: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4040:Mental factors 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3892:Mahamoggallāna 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3807:Avalokiteśvara 3803: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3739: 3731: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3495: 3490: 3482: 3481:External links 3479: 3478: 3477: 3467: 3457: 3446: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3412: 3403: 3387: 3366: 3341: 3328: 3306: 3299: 3278: 3263: 3239: 3221: 3203: 3189: 3171: 3164: 3118: 3101: 3085: 3076: 3063: 3046: 3033: 3016: 2998: 2985: 2967: 2947: 2931: 2915: 2892: 2879: 2863: 2839: 2823: 2801: 2761: 2748: 2720: 2718:pp 1-4. Barth. 2707: 2694: 2677: 2667: 2654: 2620: 2586: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2498: 2491: 2483: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2438: 2437: 2416: 2415: 2396: 2395: 2378: 2375: 2320:Butsugoshinron 2251: 2248: 2235:Madhyamakāloka 2215: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2199: 2189: 2186: 2129: 2128: 2094: 2082: 2065:670 (楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 1997:Sūtrasamuccaya 1968: 1965: 1885: 1882: 1844: 1841: 1754: 1751: 1730:), Emptiness ( 1722:), Cessation ( 1661: 1658: 1622:Mahāmati, the 1579: 1576: 1465:, dhātus, and 1454:tathagatagotra 1435: 1432: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1395: 1376: 1373: 1337:ultimate truth 1329:Prajñaparamita 1268: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1250: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1102:Rangjung Dorje 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1072:Ratnākaraśānti 1069: 1064: 1062:Śaṅkaranandana 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012:Shāntarakshita 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 893: 890: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 879:Chung Tai Shan 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 800: 795: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 779: 772: 765: 758: 751: 740: 733: 726: 719: 708: 701: 694: 687: 676: 669: 662: 653: 646: 638: 633: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 582:Avalokiteśvara 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 538: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 518:Three Turnings 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 473:Three vehicles 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 438:Skillful Means 435: 430: 425: 420: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 398: 397: 389: 388: 377: 374: 219: 216: 115:Gautama Buddha 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6234: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217:Buddha-nature 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5943:Miscellaneous 5940: 5934: 5933:Vegetarianism 5931: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5755:Buddha in art 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5409:United States 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Padmasambhava 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4878:Major figures 4875: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4824:Western tulku 4822: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4625:Five precepts 4623: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4603:Dhamma vicaya 4601: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4371:Buddhābhiṣeka 4369: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4120: 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3175: 3172: 3167: 3165:81-215-0833-9 3161: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487:Diamond sutra 2484: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2463: 2462:0-87773-702-9 2459: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2393: 2390: 2389:Thomas Cleary 2387: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2344:Bodhidharma's 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330:views on the 2329: 2326:Buddhism and 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295:Northern Song 2292: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279:Chan Buddhism 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2239:alīkākāravada 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2221:tradition of 2220: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2172:, and adds a 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086:Rulengqiejing 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2061:The first is 2060: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1971:According to 1966: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1837:vikalpabuddhi 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811:According to 1809: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714:), Sameness ( 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1507:However, the 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494:luminous mind 1491: 1487: 1485: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1305: 1303: 1302:svacittamātra 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:vijñaptimatra 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1244: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1092:Sakya Pandita 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1032:Dahui Zonggao 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 894: 888: 887: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 864:Fo Guang Shan 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797:Major schools 793: 792: 785: 784: 780: 778: 777: 773: 771: 770: 766: 764: 763: 759: 757: 756: 752: 749: 748: 747: 741: 739: 738: 734: 732: 731: 727: 725: 724: 720: 717: 716: 715: 709: 707: 706: 702: 700: 699: 695: 693: 692: 688: 685: 684: 683: 677: 675: 674: 670: 668: 667: 663: 660: 659: 654: 652: 651: 647: 645: 644: 640: 639: 636: 631: 630: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 612:Samantabhadra 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 567:Bhaiṣajyaguru 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 536: 532: 527: 526: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 508:Luminous mind 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 433:Buddha-nature 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 409: 408: 404: 400: 399: 396: 390: 386: 382: 381: 376:Svacittamātra 375: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 348:, especially 347: 343: 339: 334: 333: 331: 326: 325: 320: 319: 313: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296:luminous mind 293: 289: 288:buddha-nature 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 265: 261: 257: 252: 249: 245: 241: 233: 229: 224: 217: 215: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 185:vegetarianism 182: 178: 174: 170: 169:luminous mind 166: 165:buddha-nature 162: 158: 157: 152: 151:three natures 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 92: 87: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 62: 58: 54: 53: 45: 41: 37: 32: 19: 6121:Bodhisattvas 6041:Christianity 6036:Baháʼí Faith 5901:Dharmachakra 5891:Prayer wheel 5881:Prayer beads 5649:Architecture 5528:969 Movement 5312:Saudi Arabia 5290:Central Asia 5283:South Africa 5105: 5088: 5021:Panchen Lama 4926:Buddhapālita 4522:Satipatthana 4517:Mindful Yoga 4430:Recollection 4344:Brahmavihara 4215:Japanese Zen 4210:Chinese Chan 4170:Animal realm 3977:Key concepts 3799:Bodhisattvas 3611:Three Jewels 3497: 3433:Bibliography 3420: 3415: 3406: 3398: 3381: 3358: 3336: 3331: 3319: 3290: 3287:Powers, John 3281: 3272: 3266: 3250: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3183: 3174: 3155: 3152:Suzuki, D.T. 3109: 3104: 3096: 3079: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3041: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3011: 2993: 2988: 2980: 2962: 2942: 2926: 2907: 2887: 2882: 2874: 2814: 2796: 2793:Five Dharmas 2792: 2756: 2755:Youru Wang, 2751: 2741: 2715: 2710: 2697: 2685: 2680: 2670: 2662: 2657: 2646:. 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Retrieved 2574: 2500: 2493: 2485: 2477: 2467: 2453: 2439: 2426: 2417: 2407: 2397: 2391: 2383: 2380: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2351:Ming dynasty 2348: 2335: 2331: 2319: 2315: 2312:Kokan Shiren 2309: 2298: 2291:Song dynasty 2288: 2274: 2270: 2268: 2253: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2216: 2204: 2195:Kokan Shiren 2191: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2085: 2066: 2056: 2047: 2045: 2030: 2025: 2022:Vyākhyāyukti 2021: 2016: 2013:Vasubandhu's 2008: 1996: 1992: 1976: 1970: 1960: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1942: 1933: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1904:akṣarapatita 1903: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1878:Zen Buddhism 1871: 1862: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1747:amalavijñāna 1746: 1743:Paramārtha’s 1738: 1736: 1734:), etc." 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:), the One ( 1715: 1711: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1653: 1647: 1640: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1597: 1589:ālayavijñāna 1587: 1583: 1581: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1508: 1506: 1497: 1489: 1484:pariniṣpanna 1483: 1474:noble beings 1471: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1426: 1418: 1416: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1362: 1354: 1350: 1325:Laṅkāvatāra, 1324: 1322: 1315: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1271: 1132:D. T. Suzuki 937:Buddhapālita 781: 774: 767: 760: 753: 744: 735: 728: 721: 713: 703: 696: 689: 680: 671: 664: 649: 641: 535:Bodhisattvas 468:Three bodies 335: 330:alayavijñāna 328: 322: 316: 314: 303: 299: 291: 283: 271: 269: 263: 259: 253: 237: 208:Zen Buddhism 196:Chandrakirti 191: 189: 180: 172: 160: 156:ālayavijñāna 155: 146: 134: 110: 108: 103: 99: 95: 90: 89: 86:Gunabhadra's 82: 77: 76: 51: 50: 48: 35: 34:Copy of the 5966:Dharma talk 5795:Asalha Puja 5591:Eschatology 5394:Switzerland 5374:New Zealand 5302:Middle East 5211:Philippines 5131:Afghanistan 4936:Bodhidharma 4921:Buddhaghosa 4841:Householder 4751:Monasticism 4704:Bodhisattva 4559:Prostration 4512:Mindfulness 4440:Anapanasati 4423:Kammaṭṭhāna 4220:Korean Seon 4160:Asura realm 4155:Human realm 4095:Ten Fetters 4050:Parinirvana 3952:Uppalavanna 3917:Mahākaccana 3902:Mahākassapa 3834:Kṣitigarbha 3829:Ākāśagarbha 3726:Suddhodāna 3671:Four sights 3598:Foundations 3112:, p. xlvi. 2495:Heart Sutra 2349:During the 2336:Lankavatara 2332:Lankavatara 2283:Bodhidharma 2258:Patriarchs 2223:Dharmakīrti 2162:D.T. Suzuki 2142:prepared a 2140:Nanjo Bunyu 2075:Bodhidharma 2052:Dharmarakṣa 2026:Lankavatara 2009:Lankavatara 1977:Lankavatara 1961:Laṅkāvatāra 1930:Laṅkāvatāra 1899:anupalabdhi 1890:Laṅkāvatāra 1849:Laṅkāvatāra 1813:D.T. Suzuki 1759:Laṅkāvatāra 1704:Dharmadhātu 1676:D.T. Suzuki 1616:Laṅkāvatāra 1509:Laṅkāvatāra 1450:buddhagotra 1440:Laṅkāvatāra 1385:Laṅkāvatāra 1381:Laṅkāvatāra 1170:Han Chinese 992:Amoghavajra 967:Bodhidharma 957:Candrakīrti 952:Dharmakīrti 947:Bhāvaviveka 902:Ashvaghosha 891:Key figures 650:Lotus Sūtra 607:Ākāśagarbha 602:Kṣitigarbha 592:Vajrasattva 483:One Vehicle 418:Bodhisattva 362:One Vehicle 354:sravakayana 342:icchantikas 318:vijñānavada 294:), and the 135:Laṅkāvatāra 125:, ruled by 119:bodhisattva 111:Laṅkāvatāra 18:Lankavatara 6196:Categories 6083:Psychology 6063:Gnosticism 6051:Comparison 6046:Influences 6028:Comparison 5911:Bhavacakra 5869:Kushinagar 5844:Pilgrimage 5790:Māgha Pūjā 5745:Bodhi Tree 5561:Buddhology 5551:Abhidharma 5543:Philosophy 5476:Menander I 5344:Costa Rica 5295:Uzbekistan 5136:Bangladesh 5090:Dhammapada 5074:Pali Canon 5036:Ajahn Chah 5016:Dalai Lama 4916:Kumārajīva 4911:Vasubandhu 4886:The Buddha 4794:Zen master 4729:Sakadagami 4709:Buddhahood 4640:Pratimokṣa 4455:Shikantaza 4411:Meditation 4386:Deity yoga 4257:Madhyamaka 4150:Deva realm 4045:Mindstream 3995:Bodhicitta 3907:Aṅgulimāla 3774:Devadatta 3750:Yaśodharā 3653:The Buddha 3643:Middle Way 3419:Kai Wang, 3023:Jimmy Yu, 2648:2022-12-29 2580:2022-12-28 2510:References 2442:Gunabhadra 2400:Gunabhadra 2369:(楞伽經精解評林, 2355:Ouyi Zhixu 2340:Dharmakaya 2273:(i.e. the 2231:Kamalaśīla 2079:Dazu Huike 2071:Guṇabhadra 1989:madhyamaka 1918:paramārtha 1894:vāgvikalpa 1857:gooseberry 1833:nirvikalpa 1797:emptiness) 1594:defilement 1346:dharmakaya 1286:cittamātra 1112:Longchenpa 1107:Tsongkhapa 1022:Mazu Daoyi 1007:Shāntideva 932:Sthiramati 927:Vasubandhu 917:Kumārajīva 874:Fa Gu Shan 804:Mādhyamaka 552:Adi-Buddha 542:Shakyamuni 503:Pure Lands 458:Two truths 423:Buddhahood 264:Sagathakam 260:Sagathakam 200:Shantideva 149:) and the 147:cittamātra 6151:Festivals 6131:Buddhists 6093:Theosophy 5896:Symbolism 5886:Hama yumi 5859:Bodh Gaya 5626:Socialism 5601:Evolution 5576:Economics 5414:Venezuela 5329:Australia 5324:Argentina 5248:Sri Lanka 5243:Singapore 5161:Indonesia 5123:Countries 5064:Tripiṭaka 5026:Ajahn Mun 4901:Nagarjuna 4896:Aśvaghoṣa 4779:Anagārika 4774:Śrāmaṇerī 4769:Śrāmaṇera 4764:Bhikkhunī 4724:Sotāpanna 4613:Passaddhi 4554:Offerings 4529:Nekkhamma 4406:Iddhipada 4326:Practices 4296:Theravada 4269:Vajrayana 4262:Yogachara 4232:Pure Land 4145:Six Paths 4132:Cosmology 3912:Anuruddha 3887:Sāriputta 3877:Kaundinya 3869:Disciples 3844:Vajrapāṇi 3696:Footprint 3661:Tathāgata 3099:. Hamburg 2817:, p. xl. 2502:Mahāvaṃsa 2328:Zhanran's 2178:Theravada 2106:Wu Zetian 2090:Bodhiruci 2033:Sri Lanka 2001:Nāgārjuna 1981:Nagarjuna 1825:nirābhāsa 1821:svabuddhi 1685:pravṛitti 1502:emptiness 1365:dualistic 1227:Indonesia 1137:Sheng-yen 912:Lokakṣema 897:Nāgārjuna 849:Vajrayāna 839:Pure Land 587:Vajrapāṇi 572:Vairocana 557:Akshobhya 453:Emptiness 412:Teachings 346:tirthikas 280:emptiness 240:DT Suzuki 232:Sri Lanka 177:emptiness 6212:Yogacara 6169:Category 6098:Violence 6068:Hinduism 6016:Sanskrit 5971:Hinayana 5956:Amitābha 5916:Swastika 5785:Uposatha 5775:Holidays 5760:Calendar 5606:Humanism 5444:Kanishka 5434:Timeline 5258:Thailand 5226:Kalmykia 5221:Buryatia 5206:Pakistan 5191:Mongolia 5186:Maldives 5181:Malaysia 5146:Cambodia 5011:Shamarpa 5006:Nichiren 4956:Xuanzang 4891:Nagasena 4809:Rinpoche 4539:Pāramitā 4381:Devotion 4301:Navayana 4289:Dzogchen 4252:Nichiren 4200:Mahayana 4192:Branches 4070:Saṅkhāra 3819:Mañjuśrī 3776:(cousin) 3768:(cousin) 3736:(mother) 3728:(father) 3716:Miracles 3666:Birthday 3583:Glossary 3556:Buddhism 3337:Ryogakyo 3154:(1930). 2675:244-279. 2472:See also 2423:Red Pine 2182:Mahayana 2170:Ramayana 2093:meaning. 2017:Trimsika 1985:Aryadeva 1953:vyañjana 1829:anābhāsa 1728:animitta 1633:śrāvakas 1467:āyatanas 1463:skandhas 1367:view of 1341:Suchness 1278:Yogacara 1222:Malaysia 1217:Mongolia 1057:Nichiren 982:Xuanzang 907:Āryadeva 859:Dzogchen 844:Nichiren 809:Yogācāra 597:Maitreya 577:Mañjuśrī 547:Amitabha 385:a series 383:Part of 358:language 310:Mahayana 276:Yogācāra 244:notebook 228:Sri Pada 143:Yogācāra 139:Mahayana 131:rākṣasas 57:Sanskrit 40:Dunhuang 6146:Temples 6126:Buddhas 6088:Science 6078:Judaism 6073:Jainism 5991:Lineage 5951:Abhijñā 5921:Thangka 5864:Sarnath 5849:Lumbini 5770:Funeral 5765:Cuisine 5641:Culture 5616:Reality 5566:Creator 5556:Atomism 5426:History 5399:Ukraine 5359:Germany 5278:Senegal 5268:Vietnam 5196:Myanmar 4996:Shinran 4986:Karmapa 4961:Shandao 4931:Dignāga 4856:Śrāvaka 4836:Donchee 4831:Kappiya 4789:Sayadaw 4759:Bhikkhu 4734:Anāgāmi 4691:Nirvana 4657:Samadhi 4544:Paritta 4485:Tonglen 4480:Mandala 4435:Smarana 4416:Mantras 4364:Upekkha 4334:Bhavana 4284:Shingon 4237:Tiantai 4090:Tathātā 4080:Śūnyatā 4075:Skandha 4065:Saṃsāra 4060:Rebirth 4035:Kleshas 4025:Indriya 3927:Subhūti 3812:Guanyin 3766:Ānanda 3758:Rāhula 3638:Nirvana 3578:Outline 2795:in the 2305:Tiantai 2174:dharani 2133:Tibetan 2100:大乘入楞伽經 1913:saṁvṛti 1778:tathata 1732:śūnyatā 1724:nirodha 1708:Nirvana 1609:anusaya 1478:tathata 1411:Tathatā 1369:Samkhya 1311:anatman 1197:Tibetan 1192:Vietnam 1122:Hanshan 1097:Dolpopa 1047:Shinran 977:Shandao 972:Huineng 942:Dignāga 869:Tzu Chi 834:Shingon 814:Tiantai 531:Buddhas 513:Dharani 370:trikaya 350:Samkhya 327:) with 284:śūnyatā 256:dharani 181:śūnyatā 163:), the 69:Chinese 42:in the 6141:Sutras 6136:Suttas 6001:Siddhi 5986:Koliya 5961:Brahmā 5876:Poetry 5822:Mantra 5812:Kasaya 5684:Pagoda 5664:Kyaung 5659:Vihāra 5654:Temple 5596:Ethics 5439:Ashoka 5389:Sweden 5384:Poland 5379:Norway 5369:Mexico 5354:France 5339:Canada 5334:Brazil 5273:Africa 5253:Taiwan 5216:Russia 5141:Bhutan 5101:Vinaya 4981:Naropa 4971:Saraha 4906:Asanga 4662:Prajñā 4571:Refuge 4534:Nianfo 4495:Tertön 4490:Tantra 4475:Ganana 4465:Tukdam 4391:Dhyāna 4359:Mudita 4354:Karuṇā 4247:Risshū 4242:Huayan 4175:Naraka 4115:Anattā 4110:Dukkha 4105:Anicca 4010:Dharma 3962:Channa 3897:Ānanda 3882:Assaji 3849:Skanda 3752:(wife) 3721:Family 3701:Relics 3626:Sangha 3621:Dharma 3616:Buddha 3489:(710K) 3473: 3463: 3453: 3297: 3257: 3162: 3027:p. 127 2460: 2433: 2324:Tendai 2264:Fazang 2260:Zhiyan 2256:Huayan 2166:Ravana 2120:Fazang 2041:Faxian 1935:akṣara 1720:advaya 1716:samatā 1680:Laṅkā, 1480:) and 1427:Lanka, 1399:saṃjñā 1357:prajña 1308:self ( 1212:Bhutan 1177:Taiwan 1117:Hakuin 1087:Atisha 1082:Nāropā 1067:Virūpa 1017:Wohnyo 997:Saichō 987:Fazang 922:Asanga 824:Huayan 819:Tendai 364:, the 305:nidana 183:) and 167:, the 153:, the 133:. The 127:Rāvaṇa 117:and a 6113:Lists 5981:Kalpa 5976:Iddhi 5839:Music 5834:Mudra 5800:Vassa 5780:Vesak 5750:Budai 5696:Candi 5679:Stupa 5611:Logic 5364:Italy 5263:Tibet 5201:Nepal 5171:Korea 5166:Japan 5156:India 5151:China 5096:Sutra 5051:Texts 5001:Dōgen 4991:Hōnen 4976:Atiśa 4941:Zhiyi 4851:Achar 4819:Tulku 4814:Geshe 4799:Rōshi 4784:Ajahn 4739:Arhat 4699:Bodhi 4669:Vīrya 4586:Sacca 4581:Satya 4576:Sādhu 4564:Music 4507:Merit 4500:Terma 4460:Zazen 4396:Faith 4349:Mettā 4030:Karma 3990:Bardo 3957:Asita 3947:Khema 3937:Upāli 3922:Nanda 3760:(son) 3734:Māyā 3711:Films 3588:Index 2213:nāma) 1993:Lanka 1853:Lanka 1774:jñana 1770:bodhi 1763:manas 1739:Lanka 1712:nitya 1669:mind. 1654:Lanka 1650:citta 1572:Lanka 1563:Lanka 1521:upaya 1513:atman 1504:." 1490:Lanka 1458:Lanka 1419:Lanka 1333:citta 1294:Lanka 1207:Newar 1202:Nepal 1187:Korea 1182:Japan 1165:China 1127:Taixu 1052:Dōgen 1042:Hōnen 1027:Jinul 1002:Kūkai 962:Zhiyi 312:". 161:gotra 123:Laṅkā 6011:Pāḷi 5996:Māra 5906:Flag 5307:Iran 5231:Tuva 5176:Laos 4804:Lama 4652:Śīla 4620:Śīla 4608:Pīti 4598:Sati 4549:Puja 4470:Koan 4376:Dāna 3967:Yasa 3854:Tārā 3471:ISBN 3461:ISBN 3451:ISBN 3295:ISBN 3255:ISBN 3160:ISBN 2458:ISBN 2431:ISBN 2262:and 2043:. 1983:and 1928:The 1906:)." 1614:The 1525:self 1417:The 1317:maya 1272:The 1232:West 617:Tara 533:and 270:The 198:and 190:The 187:. 109:The 106:). 49:The 5733:Art 5669:Wat 4205:Zen 2373:). 2028:. 1955:). 1827:or 1698:or 1339:or 829:Zen 246:or 230:), 175:), 6198:: 5235:ru 3390:^ 3369:^ 3344:^ 3309:^ 3242:^ 3232:. 3214:. 3192:^ 3182:. 3121:^ 3088:^ 3057:. 3001:^ 2970:^ 2950:^ 2934:^ 2918:^ 2895:^ 2866:^ 2842:^ 2826:^ 2804:^ 2764:^ 2723:^ 2641:. 2623:^ 2589:^ 2573:. 2518:^ 2452:. 2425:, 1880:. 1635:, 1486:). 1359:. 387:on 332:". 67:, 63:: 5237:) 5233:( 4451:) 4447:( 3542:e 3535:t 3528:v 3362:, 3303:. 3261:. 3236:. 3218:. 3186:. 3168:. 3029:, 2799:. 2705:. 2651:. 2583:. 2464:. 2318:( 2243:. 1939:: 1937:) 1799:. 1794:. 1792:) 1782:. 1683:( 1527:: 1496:( 1261:e 1254:t 1247:v 298:( 290:( 282:( 179:( 171:( 94:( 81:( 55:( 20:)

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