762:
that a set of 19 unique nucleotide substitutions defines the
Ashkenazi R1a lineage. While our survey of one of these, M582, in 2,834 R1a samples reveals its absence in 922 Eastern Europeans, we show it is present in all sampled R1a Ashkenazi Levites, as well as in 33.8% of other R1a Ashkenazi Jewish males and 5.9% of 303 R1a Near Eastern males, where it shows considerably higher diversity. Moreover, the M582 lineage also occurs at low frequencies in non-Ashkenazi Jewish populations. In contrast to the previously suggested Eastern European origin for Ashkenazi Levites, the current data are indicative of a geographic source of the Levite founder lineage in the Near East and its likely presence among pre-Diaspora Hebrews.
82:
691:(1940), he stressed that members of these groups exist in the realm between history (below) and redemption (above), and must act in a unique way to help move others to prayer and action, and help bring an end to suffering. He wrote, "Today, we also are living through a time of flood, Not of water, but of a bright fire, which burns and turns Jewish life into ruin. We are now drowning in a flood of blood. ... Through the Kohanim and Levi'im help will come to all Israel."
118:
64:
100:
136:
782:, so a child whose biological father is a Levite (in cases of adoption or artificial insemination, status is determined by the genetic father), is also considered a Levite. Jewish status is determined by matrilineal descent, thus conferring levitical status onto children requires both biological parents to be Israelites and the biological father to be a Levite.
716:, is present in over 50% of Ashkenazi Levites, while the rest of Ashkenazi Levites' paternal lineage is of certain Middle Eastern origin, including Y-chromosome haplogroups E3b, J2, F, R1b, K, I, Q, N and L. Haplogroup R1a1a is found at the highest levels among people of Eastern European descent, with 50 to 65% among
497:—which believes in a restoration of the Temple as a house of worship and in some special role for Levites, although not the ancient sacrificial system as previously practised—recognizes Levites as having special status. Not all Conservative congregations call Kohanim and Levites to the first and second reading of the
2149:
Underhill, PA; Myres, NM; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, RJ; Lin, AA; Chow, CE; Semino, O; Battaglia, V; Kutuev, I; Järve, M; Chaubey, G; Ayub, Q; Mohyuddin, A; Mehdi, SQ; Sengupta, S; Rogaev, EI; Khusnutdinova, EK; Pshenichnov, A; Balanovsky, O; Balanovska, E; Jeran, N; Augustin, DH;
748:
although neither the NRY haplogroup composition of the majority of
Ashkenazi Jews nor the microsatellite haplotype composition of the R1a1 haplogroup within Ashkenazi Levites is consistent with a major Khazar or other European origin, as has been speculated by some authors (Baron 1957; Dunlop 1967;
1804:
Behar, Doron M.; Saag, Lauri; Karmin, Monika; Gover, Meir G.; Wexler, Jeffrey D.; Sanchez, Luisa
Fernanda; Greenspan, Elliott; Kushniarevich, Alena; Davydenko, Oleg; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Boattini, Alessio; Sarno, Stefania; Pagani, Luca; Carmi, Shai; Tzur, Shay; Metspalu, Ene;
761:
Previous Y-chromosome studies have demonstrated that
Ashkenazi Levites, members of a paternally inherited Jewish Levite caste, display a distinctive founder event within R1a, the most prevalent Y-chromosome haplogroup in Eastern Europe. Here we report the analysis of 16 whole R1 sequences and show
744:, Pakistan. Behar's data suggested a founding event, involving an 'introgression' of anywhere from one to fifty non-Jewish European men, occurring at a time close to the initial formation and settlement of the Ashkenazi community as a possible explanation. As Nebel, Behar and Goldstein speculate:
2407:
Levi not only has variations like Lewita (Polish) and Loewe (German/Swiss), but also Segal and Zemmel. They sound nothing like the original name, and that's because they're acronyms in the Hebrew alphabet – a great way to hide your Jewish heritage while keeping true to the family identity. Segal
766:
In a later 2017 study Behar et al. revised their initially mitigated position, concluding that a "Middle
Eastern origin of the Ashkenazi Levite lineage based on what was previously a relatively limited number of reported samples, can now be considered firmly validated", precising that a "rich
785:
Accordingly, there is currently no branch of
Judaism that regards levitical status as conferrable by matrilineal descent. It is either conferrable patrilineally with a Jewish mother, in the traditional manner, or it does not exist and is not conferred at all.
658:
in those
Conservative synagogues which have both retained traditional tribal roles and modified traditional gender roles. In Israel, Conservative/Masorti Judaism has not extended Torah honors either to a bat Kohen or to a bat Levi.
1653:
a Levite assigned to one area was punishable by death for encroaching on one of the other two areas. Kohathites who carried the holy items could not look at the ark or they died, since they were not descendants of Aaron
Numbers
1976:
The general procedure of the
Priestly Blessing is: After *Kedushah the priests prepare themselves, removing their shoes and washing their hands with the assistance of the levites, whereafter they ascend the platform before the
1640:, who are also Levites, the subgroup forms roughly 8% of the Jewish population worldwide, or about 1–1.1 million. Levites also comprise one of the four surviving families of Samaritans, where they serve the role of
1352:
Moss (Hebrew for Moses) (Descendant of Moses God's most important prophet according to the torah) also ancient Gaelic for
Devotee, which Moses was a Levite devoted to his mission to free the Hebrew.
378:, a subset of the Levites, were the priests, who performed the work of holiness in the Temple. The Levites, referring to those who were not Kohanim, were specifically assigned to:
354:
The Tribe of Levi served particular religious duties for the Israelites and had political (administering cities of refuge) and educational responsibilities as well. In return, the
778:
Levitical status is passed down in families from father to child born from a Jewish mother, as part of a family's genealogical tradition. Tribal status of Levite is determined by
643:, regardless of the child's father's tribe or the mother's marital status, retain the traditional exemption for their children from the requirement of being redeemed through the
2408:
stands for 'SeGan Leviyyah', which is roughly translated as 'deputy Levite', since Levites served as deputies to kohanim. Segal itself has variations too, like Chagall (French).
408:), the Sons of Levi were the only Israelite tribe that received cities but were not allowed to be landowners "because the Lord the God of Israel Himself is their inheritance" (
629:, the Levites traditionally wash the hands of the Kohanim prior to the blessing of the House of Israel. ("A first-born son washes the Kohen's hands if there is no Levite".)
767:
variation of haplogroup R1a outside of Europe which is phylogenetically separate from the typically European R1a branches", referring to the R1a-Y2619 sub-clade.
753:
A 2013 paper by Siiri Rootsi et al. confirmed a Near or Middle Eastern origin for all Ashkenazi Levites, including the R1a Y-chromosome carriers, and refuted the
2570:
1925:
Pidyon Ha'Ben, the "redemption of the first born son," takes place when a ... 4) The father of the baby is not a Kohen or a Levi, and the mother's father is ...
2039:"See: Robert A. (Rafael) Harris, Rabbinical Assembly of Israel's Law Committee Teshuvah: "The First Two Aliyot for a Bat Kohen and a Bat Levi." pp. 31–33 in
1963:
775:
Having a last name of Levi or a related term does not necessarily mean a person is a Levite, and many well-known Levites do not have such last names.
794:
Some Levites have adopted a related last name to signify their status. Because of diverse geographical locations, the names have several variations:
2026:
2884:
754:
1942:
The Temple Institute, dedicated to reestablishing the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, announces school for training Kohanim. ... on the Temple service
749:
Ben-Sasson 1976; Keys 1999), one cannot rule out the important contribution of a single or a few founders among contemporary Ashkenazi Levites."
1863:
2894:
2208:
1580:
650:
Conservative Judaism permits a Bat Levi to perform essentially all the rituals a male Levi would perform, including being called to the
2043:
5748–5749 (1989). Volume 3. Jerusalem: The Rabbinical Assembly of Israel and the Masorti Movement (Hebrew; English Summary, vii–viii)"
415:
In modern times, Levites are integrated in Jewish communities, but keep a distinct status. There are estimated 300,000 Levites among
2563:
2515:
1903:
439:
continue to have additional rights and obligations compared to lay people, although these responsibilities have diminished with the
255:
2150:
Baldovic, M; Herrera, RJ; Thangaraj, K; Singh, V; Singh, L; Majumder, P; Rudan, P; Primorac, D; Villems, R; Kivisild, T (2010).
2899:
2839:
2799:
2420:
1698:"The Samaritans – A Jewish Sect in Israel: Strategies for Survival of an Ethno-religious Minority in the Twenty First Century"
681:
wrote about the central role he saw for Priests and Levites in terms of Jewish and world responses, in worship, liturgy, and
2889:
2083:
Gershon Greenberg, "Kristallnacht: The American Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Theology of Response," in Maria Mazzenga (editor),
2556:
1502:
1882:
1492:
867:
834:
536:
968:
2531:
2038:
1727:
Synonyms for Levite ... noun a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi … the branch that provided male assistants to ...
1971:
440:
2321:
2309:
1539:
512:
409:
2353:
2226:"Phylogenetic applications of whole Y-chromosome sequences and the Near Eastern origin of Ashkenazi Levites"
2102:"Multiple origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y chromosome evidence for both Near Eastern and European ancestries"
1472:
736:, R1a1a has often been observed with high frequency in a number of demographic groups, reaching over 70% in
590:, both Israelite and non-Israelite, such as the Israelite nation as a whole, as well as the priests (Hebrew
405:
2779:
1920:
1590:
1457:
273:
2856:
2604:
2341:
2333:
2301:
1786:
1641:
1529:
682:
363:
2349:
2237:
1818:
1556:
494:
1644:
due to the fact that the last Samaritan High Priest Cohanic family went extinct in the 17th century.
2742:
2579:
2470:
779:
599:
2152:"Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a"
1740:
2829:
2488:
2456:
1585:
668:
2017:"Rivash" 15; "Divrei Yatziv" by R' Y. Halberstam, E.H. 6; "Yechaveh Da'at" by R' O. Yosef, V 61)
2004:
2537:
2511:
2402:
2365:
2263:
2204:
2181:
2131:
1844:
1487:
626:
502:
462:
427:
Jews combined. The total percentage of Levites among the wider Jewish population is about 4%.
2434:
487:
in Jerusalem and a resumption of the Levitical role. A small number of schools, primarily in
2879:
2819:
2711:
2706:
2385:
2369:
2357:
2337:
2317:
2313:
2289:
2253:
2245:
2171:
2163:
2121:
2113:
1834:
1826:
1765:
tractate Arachin (11a) that oral music was never to be uttered by anyone other than a Levite
1595:
1549:
1544:
1514:
1497:
1477:
1030:
1001:
709:
678:
622:
436:
416:
316:
229:
176:
162:
1805:
Bormans, Concetta; Skorecki, Karl; Metspalu, Mait; Rootsi, Siiri; Villems, Richard (2017).
2325:
1937:
1440:
1342:
976:
737:
603:
264:
172:
166:
2027:
Joel Roth, The Status of Daughters of Kohanim and Leviyim for Aliyot, Rabbinical Assembly
2241:
1822:
2809:
2764:
2721:
2624:
2377:
2345:
2285:
2281:
2258:
2225:
2176:
2151:
2126:
2101:
1839:
1806:
1566:
1561:
1507:
1467:
1140:
946:
940:
713:
705:
557:
516:
292:
2873:
2824:
2639:
2329:
2305:
2297:
2293:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1450:
1115:
721:
674:
553:
468:
Since Levites (and Kohanim) are traditionally pledged to Divine service, there is no
450:
304:
296:
158:
87:
2814:
2804:
2759:
2381:
2373:
2361:
1573:
1482:
1445:
1408:
1341:
German or Swiss variations (although the usual origin for these names is Löwe, the
1058:
644:
484:
469:
355:
192:
1807:"The genetic variation in the R1a clade among the Ashkenazi Levites' y chromosome"
1780:
1697:
704:
A 2003 study of the Y-chromosome by Behar et al. pointed to multiple origins for
2834:
2774:
2747:
2737:
1413:
1403:
1399:
The following are some Levites with non-Levite-like last names in modern times:
1111:
866:– a European Levite surname, tracing to Isaiah Horowitz HaLevi, a descendant of
367:
1830:
1104:– typically from the Bessarabia region of Romania, Moldova and southern Ukraine
708:
Levites, who comprise approximately 4% among the Ashkenazi Jews. It found that
2769:
2685:
2609:
1612:
821:
733:
729:
560:
in Hebrew remain unclear. Some hypotheses link this name with the Hebrew root
397:
209:
2548:
2421:"Don Judah de la Cavalleria Ha Levi (Benveniste "Cavalier") (c. 1227 – 1286)"
2049:
2794:
2669:
2224:
Siiri Rootsi; Doron M. Behar; Mari Järve; Alice A. Lin; et al. (2013).
922:
640:
420:
2267:
2185:
2135:
1848:
2280:
Some examples of having the title HaLevi, but not in their last name are:
2167:
1062:
a Polish variation. Sometimes supplemented with German "thal" (valley) to
2644:
1462:
857:
725:
424:
333:('Levite'), is not conclusive regarding being a Levite; a titular use of
17:
950:– Hebrew for "Levite", equally common in Ashkenasic and Sephardic groups
2754:
2664:
2629:
2619:
2249:
1938:"Temple Institute announces school to train Levitical priests – Israel"
1760:
1718:
1617:
1381:
1269:
829:
618:
542:
453:
first, followed by the Levites. Levites also provide assistance to the
188:
1891:
In preparation for Duchaning, the Kohen has his hands washed by a Levi
1636:
Levites comprise a subgroup of about 4% of world Jewry. Combined with
673:
In 1938, with the outbreak of violence that would come to be known as
2789:
2784:
2690:
2654:
2649:
2634:
1435:
986:
981:
913:
845:
655:
607:
587:
488:
401:
393:
288:
123:
105:
69:
2072:
1390:– shortened "Zecher mi-Shevet Levi" (descendant of the Levite tribe)
2117:
2716:
2659:
2599:
2594:
2041:
Responsa of the Va'ad Halacha of the Rabbinical Assembly of Israel
1637:
1607:
1430:
808:
741:
717:
651:
583:
549:
546:
532:
498:
444:
375:
359:
141:
2532:
Twenty-four places in tanach where the Kohanim are called Levi'im
27:
Jewish male descended patrilineally from the Hebrew tribe of Levi
2475:
The son of the Chief Rabbi of Ireland, Rabbi Isaac Halevi Herzog
2203:. Yale University Press. pp. location 873 (Kindle for PC).
1425:
1346:
1027:, rhyming with "ravine", or in some cases further anglicised to
918:
595:
576:
520:
519:
do not observe distinctions between Kohanim, Levites, and other
308:
300:
205:
2552:
1738:"Membership in the Levites is determined by paternal descent."
1779:
1016:
238:
2100:
Behar DM, Thomas MG, Skorecki K, et al. (October 2003).
1323:("e" and "s" often replaced with "a" and "z" in German areas)
639:
In Orthodox Judaism, children of a Bat Levi, like those of a
2510:. Redondo Beach, California: 4000 Years of Writing History.
2542:
1045:
1007:
244:
1908:
The son of a Levi's daughter does not have a pidyon haben
1036:
1078:
as a patronymic, and with Slavic -ski and -sky suffixes
621:, and are bound by additional restrictions according to
337:
indicates being a Levite. The daughter of a Levite is a
911:– a Levitic surname, originally meaning "a person from
617:
retain a lesser though somewhat distinct status within
491:, train priests and Levites in their respective roles.
1904:"Who Is Obligated in Pidyon Haben? – Lifecycle Events"
545:
required to be of direct patrilineal descent from the
1048:
1019:
256:
1384:
community surname, which was mostly Levite in origin
1042:
1033:
1013:
1004:
338:
278:
247:
241:
235:
2848:
2730:
2699:
2678:
2587:
1039:
1010:
232:
217:
Total percentage of Levites among Jews is about 4%.
198:
182:
150:
132:
114:
96:
78:
60:
55:
45:
38:
1094:(the "e" often replaced with "a" in German areas).
501:, and many no longer perform rituals such as the
2201:Jacob's legacy: A genetic view of Jewish history
921:who were forced to change their name during the
759:
746:
457:, particularly washing their hands, before the
1203:(can also originate from placenames in Poland)
833:– one of the European lineages descended from
712:(R-M17), uncommon in the Middle East or among
2564:
2085:American Religious Responses to Kristallnacht
8:
2508:LMLK: A Mystery Belonging to the King Vol. 1
2095:
2093:
1799:
1797:
1663:The child of a Bat Levi has no Levi status.
853:– Hebrew, meaning 'the Levi' or 'the Levite'
472:(redemption of the firstborn) ceremony for:
358:were expected to support the Levites with a
320:
33:
1358:– shortened "Segen Levi" (secondary Levite)
602:, Kohanim performed the daily and holiday (
541:The Kohanim are traditionally believed and
476:the son of a Kohen's or a Levite's daughter
2571:
2557:
2549:
1921:"Pidyon Ha'ben – Redemption of First Born"
483:Orthodox Judaism believes in the eventual
382:Singing and/or playing music in the Temple
32:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2257:
2175:
2125:
1864:"The Levi Washing the Hands of the Kohen"
1838:
1682:
1680:
2087:, Palgrave MacMillan: 2009, pp. 158–172.
2073:הכהנים והלוים HaKohanim vHaLeviim (1940)
1883:"Kohanim and Leviim - Jewish Essentials"
1143:of Central Asia have. Sometimes spelled
740:in India and among the Mohani people in
419:communities, and a similar number among
1676:
1629:
755:Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry
366:), particularly the tithe known as the
1237:, and with additional suffix -ski/sky
2443:Joseph ben Ephraim ha-Levi Benveniste
1217:Latinized, with Slavic suffix -an/in
807:– surname to the Jews from Mallorca (
801:– Arabic variant, of Sephardic origin
7:
1790:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1135:– the Russified surname (adding the
1127:), president of Latvia Egils Levits.
1123:– the surname in Latvia (adding the
165:and numerous other languages in the
56:Regions with significant populations
321:
299:. The Tribe of Levi descended from
268:
2545:– website on R1a Ashkenazi Levites
2106:American Journal of Human Genetics
1862:Rabbi Isaac Rice (June 22, 2017).
1719:"Levite synonyms, Levite antonyms"
1303:, and with -ski and -sky suffixes
894:– simplified Russian variation of
25:
2199:Goldstein, David B. (2008). "3".
1778:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1261:Spanish Sephardic, also but rare
864:Horowitz/Hurwitz/Gurvich/Gurevich
509:and Levites have a special role.
1175:– Polish "of the Levites", also
1029:
1000:
972:– Croatian or Serbian variations
228:
134:
116:
98:
80:
62:
2840:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion
1953:MamLeChes KoHaNim – ממלכת כהנים
556:. The origins of the name/term
479:the son of a Kohen or a Levite.
431:In contemporary Jewish practice
315:, which consists of the Hebrew
2885:Hebrew Bible words and phrases
2538:The Cohen-Levi Family Heritage
1741:"Medical Definition of Levite"
598:. During the existence of the
351:being Hebrew for 'daughter').
1:
1265:, of French Sephardic origin.
1056:, rhyming with "divine") and
825:– a Sephardic Levite surname.
663:The Levites and the Holocaust
340:
2895:Jewish religious occupations
1503:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
954:Levian/Livian/Benlevi/Liviem
2322:The Chozeh (seer) of Lublin
1257:, Lithuanian, Belarusian,
956:– Persian-Jewish variations
917:" but subsequently used by
700:Levite Y-chromosome studies
689:The Priests and the Levites
537:Priesthood (Ancient Israel)
339:
279:
2916:
2492:broadcast January 26, 2016
2460:broadcast February 2, 2016
1831:10.1038/s41598-017-14761-7
677:, American Orthodox rabbi
666:
530:
505:and Pidyon HaBen in which
51:~500,000–600,000 worldwide
2310:Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik
1540:Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik
1279:Ukrainian variant, also
876:– a common Levite surname
679:Menachem HaKohen Risikoff
527:Relationship with Kohanim
441:destruction of the Temple
215:
203:
187:
155:
50:
1125:s for men or a for women
39:
2354:Issachar Berend Lehmann
2005:"Duchening: The Basics"
1776:Joshua 13:33, cited in
1761:"The Holy Temple Music"
1473:Issachar Berend Lehmann
1275:, a pet form of Leyvi:
1263:Lefite, Lafite, Lafitte
2900:Book of Numbers people
2439:JewishEncyclopedia.com
1989:Raymond Apple (2011).
1968:Jewish Virtual Library
1591:Joseph B. Soloveitchik
1581:Yosef Dov Soloveitchik
1567:Baruch ha-Levi Epstein
1458:Shlomo Halevi Alkabetz
1070:and -sohn and -son to
764:
751:
485:rebuilding of a Temple
451:be called to the Torah
2857:The Sign and the Seal
2830:Cathedral of Chartres
2605:High Priest of Israel
2506:Grena, G. M. (2004).
2334:Yom-Tov Lipman Heller
2302:Samuel ibn Naghrillah
2230:Nature Communications
2168:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194
1787:Catholic Encyclopedia
1624:Explanatory footnotes
1530:Samuel ibn Naghrillah
936:– Hungarian variation
608:sacrificial offerings
568:, or the Arabic root
199:Related ethnic groups
2890:Jewish ethnic groups
2743:Biblical Mount Sinai
1923:. 15 February 2010.
1881:Nissan Dovid Dubov.
1696:Sean Ireton (2003).
1686:Bradman et al. 1999.
1557:Yechezkel Levenstein
738:West Bengal Brahmins
495:Conservative Judaism
2580:Ark of the Covenant
2405:. 18 October 2014.
2403:"What's in a name?"
2242:2013NatCo...4.2928R
1991:Let's Ask the Rabbi
1964:"Priestly Blessing"
1823:2017NatSR...714969B
930:– Swedish variation
888:– Finnish variation
817:– a Levite surname.
780:patrilineal descent
600:Temple in Jerusalem
564:, the Aramaic root
303:, the third son of
35:
2489:Finding Your Roots
2457:Finding Your Roots
2423:. 2 February 2024.
2342:Salomon ibn Parhon
2250:10.1038/ncomms3928
2156:Eur. J. Hum. Genet
1811:Scientific Reports
1586:Chaim Soloveitchik
669:Holocaust theology
435:Today, Levites in
2867:
2866:
2366:Joseph ibn Migash
2210:978-0-300-12583-2
1940:. March 8, 2016.
1723:freethesaurus.com
1488:Joseph ibn Migash
1441:Yehoshua ben Levi
1114:, an ancestor of
882:– Frisian surname
695:Levite population
687:, repentance. In
627:Priestly Blessing
513:Reconstructionist
503:Priestly Blessing
463:Priestly Blessing
400:into the land of
385:Serving as guards
295:descent from the
277:
221:
220:
16:(Redirected from
2907:
2820:Dome of the Rock
2712:Ten Commandments
2707:Tablets of Stone
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2521:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2388:
2386:Avraham Gombiner
2370:Yechezkel Landau
2358:Avraham Bromberg
2350:Salomon Alkabetz
2338:Abraham ibn Daud
2318:Hillel Paritcher
2314:Pinchas Horowitz
2290:Abraham Fraenkel
2278:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2097:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2048:. Archived from
2047:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1970:. Archived from
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1596:Mordechai Willig
1550:Hillel Paritcher
1545:Pinchas Horowitz
1515:Abraham Fraenkel
1498:Yechezkel Landau
1493:Zerahiah Ha-Levi
1478:Avraham Bromberg
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
984:variation, also
868:Zerahiah Ha-Levi
835:Zerahiah Ha-Levi
710:Haplogroup R1a1a
623:Orthodox Judaism
449:are eligible to
443:. For instance,
437:Orthodox Judaism
417:Ashkenazi Jewish
410:Deuteronomy 18:2
364:Numbers 18:21–25
346:
324:
323:
317:definite article
291:males who claim
282:
272:
270:
259:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
140:
138:
137:
122:
120:
119:
104:
102:
101:
86:
84:
83:
68:
66:
65:
46:Total population
36:
21:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2844:
2726:
2695:
2674:
2583:
2577:
2528:
2518:
2505:
2502:
2500:Further reading
2497:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2453:
2449:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2326:Shmuel Schecter
2279:
2275:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1974:on 2014-04-27.
1962:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1781:"Levites"
1777:
1775:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1604:
1422:
1420:Notable Levites
1397:
1032:
1028:
1003:
999:
792:
790:Levite surnames
773:
702:
697:
671:
665:
654:for the Levite
637:
582:is used in the
539:
531:Main articles:
529:
433:
257:
231:
227:
216:
173:Biblical Hebrew
171:
169:
167:Jewish diaspora
157:
135:
133:
117:
115:
99:
97:
81:
79:
63:
61:
41:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2913:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Kiriath-Jearim
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Holy of Holies
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:Tribe of Judah
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2535:
2527:
2526:External links
2524:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2479:
2471:"Chaim Herzog"
2462:
2447:
2426:
2412:
2389:
2378:Luis de Torres
2346:Shlomo Wahrman
2286:Yisroel Belsky
2282:Baruch Epstein
2273:
2216:
2209:
2191:
2162:(4): 479–484.
2141:
2118:10.1086/378506
2112:(4): 768–779.
2089:
2076:
2065:
2030:
2019:
2010:
1996:
1993:. p. 163.
1981:
1955:
1946:
1929:
1912:
1895:
1873:
1854:
1793:
1769:
1752:
1731:
1710:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1646:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:Yisroel Belsky
1559:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:Luis de Torres
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:Shlomo Wahrman
1465:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1395:Modern Levites
1393:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1324:
1268:Variants from
1266:
1204:
1170:
1152:
1141:Bukharian Jews
1129:
1128:
1118:
1105:
1095:
973:
957:
951:
937:
931:
925:
898:
889:
883:
877:
871:
854:
838:
826:
818:
812:
802:
791:
788:
772:
769:
714:Sephardic Jews
701:
698:
696:
693:
667:Main article:
664:
661:
636:
633:
528:
525:
517:Reform Judaism
481:
480:
477:
432:
429:
390:
389:
386:
383:
372:ma'aser rishon
311:. The surname
219:
218:
213:
212:
201:
200:
196:
195:
185:
184:
180:
179:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
130:
129:
126:
112:
111:
108:
94:
93:
90:
76:
75:
72:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2912:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Well of Souls
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Tribe of Levi
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2544:
2543:LeviteDNA.org
2541:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2517:0-9748786-0-X
2513:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:Joseph Weiler
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:Yehuda Ashlag
2303:
2299:
2298:Meir Abulafia
2295:
2294:Shmuel Wosner
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2055:on 2013-09-26
2051:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Yehuda Ashlag
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Meir Abulafia
1523:
1521:
1520:Shmuel Wosner
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:Aharon HaLevi
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:David Cameron
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1024:
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
965:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
948:
943:
942:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:
920:
916:
915:
910:
906:
902:
899:
897:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
865:
861:
859:
855:
852:
848:
847:
842:
839:
836:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:
795:
789:
787:
783:
781:
776:
770:
768:
763:
758:
756:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
694:
692:
690:
686:
685:
680:
676:
675:Kristallnacht
670:
662:
660:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
634:
632:
630:
628:
625:. During the
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:Tribe of Levi
551:
548:
544:
538:
534:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
478:
475:
474:
473:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
442:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
384:
381:
380:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:landed tribes
352:
350:
345:
344:
343:
336:
332:
329:('the') plus
328:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Tribe of Levi
294:
290:
286:
281:
275:
266:
262:
261:
252:
225:
214:
211:
207:
202:
197:
194:
190:
186:
181:
178:
174:
168:
164:
160:
154:
149:
145:
143:
131:
127:
125:
113:
109:
107:
95:
91:
89:
88:United States
77:
73:
71:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
19:
2855:
2815:Temple Mount
2805:Beth Shemesh
2760:Jordan River
2614:
2534:– Kehuna.org
2507:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2435:"BENVENISTE"
2429:
2415:
2406:
2382:Chaim Herzog
2374:Jacob Moelin
2362:Max Letteris
2276:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2159:
2155:
2144:
2109:
2105:
2084:
2079:
2068:
2057:. Retrieved
2050:the original
2040:
2033:
2022:
2013:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1972:the original
1967:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1924:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1867:
1857:
1817:(1): 14969.
1814:
1810:
1785:
1772:
1764:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1734:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1700:. Anthrobase
1691:
1659:
1649:
1642:High Priests
1632:
1574:Chaim Herzog
1483:Max Letteris
1446:Judah Halevi
1409:Chaim Herzog
1398:
1387:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1139:) that many
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
995:
991:
985:
975:
967:
963:
959:
953:
947:Lévy or Levy
945:
939:
933:
927:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
891:
885:
879:
873:
863:
862:, or simply
856:
850:
844:
840:
828:
820:
814:
804:
798:
793:
784:
777:
774:
765:
760:
752:
747:
703:
688:
683:
672:
649:
645:Pidyon HaBen
638:
631:
614:
612:
606:) duties of
591:
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30:Ethnic group
2860:(1992 book)
2835:Tana Qirqos
2748:Mount Horeb
2738:Mount Sinai
2722:Aaron's rod
1868:YUTorah.org
1414:Norman Lear
1404:Frank Gehry
1378:Levi Hamami
1366:Levi Urfali
1112:Elia Levita
870:of Sepharad
837:of Sepharad
461:recite the
368:First tithe
293:patrilineal
170:Historical:
156:Vernacular:
2874:Categories
2770:Tabernacle
2686:Mercy seat
2610:Israelites
2059:2013-05-17
1887:chabad.org
1746:2017-02-19
1704:2007-11-29
1671:References
1613:Samaritans
1374:Levi Aslan
1345:word for "
1247:Levitansky
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1239:Levitanski
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730:Ukrainians
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2800:Philistia
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2731:Locations
2670:Menelik I
2486:PBS Show
2454:PBS Show
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1076:Levinsohn
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1064:Levinthal
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2645:Jeremiah
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547:biblical
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183:Religion
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2615:Levites
2600:Kohanim
2259:3905698
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1819:Bibcode
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1638:Kohanim
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1382:Urfalim
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1227:Levitin
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1197:Levicki
1193:Lewicky
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1177:Lewicka
1173:Lewicki
1133:Leviyev
1100:, also
982:Russian
964:Levinić
962:, also
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830:Epstein
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615:kohanim
604:Yom Tov
592:kohanim
588:priests
552:of the
507:Kohanim
459:Kohanim
455:Kohanim
446:Kohanim
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1108:Levita
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