Knowledge (XXG)

Liberalization

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267: 239: 253: 227:. Liberalization can take place without democratization, and deals with a combination of policy and social change specialized to a certain issue, such as the liberalization of government-held property for private purchase. Democratization is politically highly specialized; it can arise from a liberalization but works on a broader level of governmental liberalization. 116:
remain partially or completely in government ownership. Liberalized and privatized public services may be dominated by big companies, particularly in sectors with high capital, water, gas, or electricity costs. In some cases they may remain legal monopolies, at least for some segments of the market
43:) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions. The term is used most often in relation to 465: 462: 77:
Economic liberalization refers to the reduction or elimination of government regulations or restrictions on private business and trade. It is usually promoted by advocates of
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by liberalizing trade so as to bring about all round economic prosperity. GATT was signed in 1947, came into effect in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It was replaced by the
172:, but there is a minimum price for which it can be sold and all exports are controlled by the state. The term liberalization has its origin in the political ideology 51:, the removal or reduction of restrictions placed upon (a particular sphere of) economic activity. However, liberalization can also be used as a synonym for 391: 143: 108:
has liberalized gas and electricity markets, instituting a competitive system. Some leading European energy companies such as France's
446: 496: 422: 139: 473: 142:(ITO). Although, the IMF and the World Bank were established in 1946, the proposal for ITO did not materialize. Instead, the 296: 184:
In social policy, liberalization may refer to a relaxation of laws restricting certain practices or activities, such as
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in 1995. The original GATT text (GATT 1947) is still in effect under the WTO framework. Thus liberalization was born.
129: 109: 197: 491: 406: 154: 125: 89:. Economic liberalization also often involves reductions of taxes, social security, and unemployment benefits. 72: 48: 185: 169: 434: 361: 316: 272: 395: 336: 286: 213: 193: 118: 501: 306: 291: 217: 150: 96:, which is the process of transferring ownership or outsourcing of a business, enterprise, agency, 86: 60: 463:
Ghana and the cocoa marketing dilemma: What has liberalization without price competition achieved?
331: 438: 149:, a less ambitious institution, was formed in 1948. The primary objective of GATT is to expand 442: 371: 366: 326: 258: 209: 52: 59:(the act of making something legal after it used to be illegal), for example when describing 426: 281: 469: 224: 165: 40: 341: 105: 101: 485: 427: 351: 205: 93: 311: 301: 189: 56: 252: 238: 78: 321: 244: 234: 201: 173: 134: 113: 82: 17: 356: 44: 410: 117:
like consumers. Liberalization, privatization and stabilization are the
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There is also a concept of hybrid liberalization. For instance, in
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There is a distinct difference between liberalization and
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service or public property from the public sector to the
121:'s trinity strategy for economies in transition. 92:Economic liberalization is often associated with 128:of 1944, which recommended the establishment of 138:, had also recommended the establishment of an 29:Relaxation of previous government restrictions 176:, which took form by the early 19th century. 8: 461:Marcella Vigneri and Paulo Santos (2007) " 392:Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 384: 200:, it may refer to the elimination of 144:General Agreement on Tariff and Trade 7: 25: 130:International Monetary Fund (IMF) 265: 251: 237: 140:International Trade Organization 85:, whose ideology is also called 429:Economics: Principles in Action 180:In social policy and government 474:Overseas Development Institute 425:; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). 202:laws prohibiting homosexuality 1: 297:Decriminalization of sex work 206:private ownership of firearms 518: 70: 407:Oxford English Dictionary 168:can be sold to competing 155:World Trade Organization 126:Bretton Woods Conference 497:Economics of regulation 73:Economic liberalization 49:economic liberalization 435:Pearson Prentice Hall 362:Sex-positive movement 317:Energy liberalisation 273:Libertarianism portal 214:inter-racial marriage 47:, where it refers to 468:7 March 2012 at the 337:German reunification 287:Civil libertarianism 218:inter-faith marriage 119:Washington Consensus 67:In economy and trade 307:Drug liberalization 292:Cultural liberalism 151:international trade 104:. For example, the 87:economic liberalism 61:drug liberalization 423:O'Sullivan, Arthur 332:Freedom of thought 194:psychoactive drugs 372:Social liberalism 367:Sexual revolution 327:Freedom of speech 259:Liberalism portal 210:same-sex marriage 170:private companies 53:decriminalization 16:(Redirected from 509: 492:Market structure 476: 459: 453: 452: 432: 419: 413: 404: 398: 389: 282:Artistic freedom 275: 270: 269: 268: 261: 256: 255: 247: 242: 241: 208:or other items, 21: 517: 516: 512: 511: 510: 508: 507: 506: 482: 481: 480: 479: 470:Wayback Machine 460: 456: 449: 421: 420: 416: 405: 401: 390: 386: 381: 376: 271: 266: 264: 257: 250: 243: 236: 233: 225:democratization 182: 75: 69: 41:British English 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 515: 513: 505: 504: 499: 494: 484: 483: 478: 477: 454: 447: 433:. New Jersey: 414: 411:Liberalization 399: 396:Liberalization 383: 382: 380: 377: 375: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 342:Libertarianism 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 277: 276: 262: 248: 232: 229: 181: 178: 106:European Union 102:private sector 71:Main article: 68: 65: 37:liberalisation 33:Liberalization 28: 24: 18:Liberalisation 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 514: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 487: 475: 471: 467: 464: 458: 455: 450: 448:0-13-063085-3 444: 440: 436: 431: 430: 424: 418: 415: 412: 408: 403: 400: 397: 393: 388: 385: 378: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 352:Marketization 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 274: 263: 260: 254: 249: 246: 240: 235: 230: 228: 226: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 179: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 122: 120: 115: 112:and Sweden's 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 94:privatization 90: 88: 84: 80: 74: 66: 64: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 27: 19: 457: 428: 417: 402: 387: 312:Emancipation 302:Deregulation 222: 198:civil rights 196:. Regarding 183: 159: 146: 132: 123: 91: 79:free markets 76: 57:legalization 36: 32: 31: 26: 166:cocoa crops 502:Law reform 486:Categories 437:. p.  379:References 322:Free trade 245:Law portal 174:liberalism 135:World Bank 114:Vattenfall 83:free trade 357:Oligopoly 45:economics 466:Archived 231:See also 190:abortion 133:and the 347:Liberty 186:divorce 445:  147:(GATT) 98:public 216:, or 192:, or 162:Ghana 443:ISBN 124:The 81:and 472:", 439:175 110:EDF 55:or 35:or 488:: 441:. 409:: 394:: 220:. 212:, 204:, 188:, 164:, 63:. 451:. 39:( 20:)

Index

Liberalisation
British English
economics
economic liberalization
decriminalization
legalization
drug liberalization
Economic liberalization
free markets
free trade
economic liberalism
privatization
public
private sector
European Union
EDF
Vattenfall
Washington Consensus
Bretton Woods Conference
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
International Trade Organization
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
international trade
World Trade Organization
Ghana
cocoa crops
private companies
liberalism
divorce

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