353:, p. 88): "But Charles, the son of the emperor, built a bridge across the Elbe, and moved the army under his command as fast as he could across the river against the Linones and Smeldingi. These tribes had also defected to Godofrid. Charles laid waste their fields far and wide and after crossing the river again returned to Saxony with his army unimpaired."
477:, p. 93): "After peace had been made with Hemming and the general assembly held at Aachen according to custom, the emperor sent into three parts of his kingdom an equal number of armies. One went beyond the Elbe against the Linones, which ravaged their territory and restored the castle of Hohbuoki on the Elbe destroyed by the Wilzi in the preceding year."
112:
implies that they had previously recognized
Frankish suzerainty. Rather than come to the aid of their Obotrite allies directly, by attacking the Danes, the Franks launched a punitive expedition against the weaker Linones and Smeldingi, who were both more accessible and more immediately threatening as
765:
Rossignol, SĂ©bastien (2013). "Die
Linonen zwischen Tat und Wort: Die Schriftquellen über die Entwicklung an der unteren Mittelelbe unter Berücksichtigung der interdisziplinären Forschungsergebnisse". In Karl-Heinz Willroth; Hans-Jürgen Beug; Friedrich Lüth; Franz Schopper; Sebastian Messal; Jens
211:, which was produced at the court of Louis the German between 844 and 862, most likely in 845. The peoples living on the frontier of Louis's kingdom are listed from north to south. The Linones, "who have seven fortresses", come after the Wilzi and before the Bechelenzi, Smeldingi and
562:, p. 41): "Louis ... after he had discussed and dealt with many things of importance for the kingdom with his men, decided that three armies should be sent to different frontiers of his kingdom ... second under Louis, his younger son, against the Abodrites and Linones".
142:
In 811, following the annual spring assembly, Charlemagne sent another punitive expedition against the
Linones. The army also rebuilt the fortress of Höhbeck, which the Wilzi had destroyed in 810. The Linones may have been involved in that attack. According to the
507:
Misit
Karolus imperator exercitum Francorum et Saxonorum et hostem ultra Albia ad illos Sclavos, qui nominantur Lanai et Bechelenzi et vastaverunt regiones illas et aedificaverunt iterum castello in loco, qui dicitur
443:
Karolus imperator misit filium suum, Karolum regem, super
Saxonia ultra Albia ad illos Sclavos, qui vocantur Linai, et vastavit maximam partem regionis ipsius. Sed et aliqui ex nostra partem ibidem ceciderunt.
768:
Slawen an der unteren
Mittelelbe: Untersuchungen zur ländlichen Besiedlung, zum Burgenbau, zu Besiedlungsstrukturen und zum Landschaftswandel. Beiträge zum Kolloquium vom 7. bis 9. April 2010 in Frankfurt a.
104:
ravaged their lands. It is probable that the
Linones submitted to Danish authority and cooperated in the Danes' attack on the Obotrites that year, which resulted in the destruction of the emporium of
207:
335:
Charles, fils de l'empereur
Charles, traversa la rivière Elbe avec une armée franque contre les Wendes. Mais cette attaque ne fut pas un succès, et un grand nombre de Francs furent tués.
139:
confirms that
Charles suffered serious losses. The response of the Danes, who sued for peace, suggests that the Frankish expedition was nonetheless a successful show of force.
756:
Rossignol, SĂ©bastien (2011). "Aufstieg und Fall der
Linonen. Misslungene Ethnogenese an der unteren Mittelelbe". In Karl-Heinz Willroth; Jens SchneeweiĂź (eds.).
166:
demanded that the emperor transfer authority over the Obotrites to Denmark. A general uprising among the Elbean Slavs followed. The Obotrites, Wilzi, Linones,
685:
654:
546:
of the Saxon March in flames; and a combined Austrasian–Thuringian one against the rebellious Obodrites and the people called the Linones."
746:
542:, p. 47): "Two expeditions were mounted: a Saxon one against the attacks of the Sorbs and Wilzes who had recently left several
66:. They may have been a sub-group of the Wilzi and were often under Obotrite control. They may be associated with the
253:, p. 167, calls them and the Smeldingi "some lesser Slavic peoples" in comparison with the Obotrites and Wilzi.
698:
Chronicon Moissiacense Maius: A Carolingian World Chronicle From Creation until the First Years of Louis the Pious
198:
against the Obotrites and Linones. This was perhaps connected with a Danish attack on Saxony mentioned in the
799:
706:
Melleno, Daniel (2017). "Between Borders: Franks, Danes, and Abodrites in the Trans-Elben World up to 827".
176:
78:
88:
67:
135:
154:
In later records, the Linones are mentioned sporadically in association with the Obotrites. In 838,
101:
163:
114:
696:
171:
742:
681:
650:
212:
195:
734:
715:
642:
155:
604:
190:
159:
776:
Rossignol, SĂ©bastien (2019). "The Entry of Early Medieval Slavs into World History: The
728:
664:
624:
616:
793:
634:
38:
people first recorded in the early 9th century. They lived north and east of the
738:
185:
118:
782:
The Medieval Networks in East Central Europe: Commerce, Contacts, Communication
133:
suggests a serious check or reverse with heavy losses followed by retreat. The
646:
148:
43:
181:
93:
55:
629:. Translated by Bernhard Walter Scholz. University of Michigan Press. 1970.
678:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876
122:
719:
97:
59:
17:
626:
Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories
63:
47:
167:
105:
83:
51:
35:
39:
425:, p. 485, suggests that "losses were heavy on both sides".
208:
Catalogue of Fortresses and Regions to the North of the Danube
780:". In Balázs Nagy; Felicitas Schmieder; András Vadas (eds.).
188:
against the Obotrites and Linones. In 858, according to the
671:. Translated by Peter Lewis. Harvard University Press.
174:
are said to have taken part. In 839, according to the
194:, King Louis the German sent an army under his son
205:The Linones are one of the peoples listed in the
180:, Louis the Pious dispatched an army composed of
121:'s son in person, was probably drawn mainly from
8:
502:
438:
314:
511:
234:
230:
583:
571:
523:
274:
695:Kats, J. M. J. G.; Claszen, D. (2012).
458:
394:
390:
378:
362:
302:
266:
250:
223:
559:
539:
486:
474:
446:
418:
406:
366:
350:
330:
298:
286:
270:
422:
262:
7:
619:. Manchester University Press. 1992.
607:. Manchester University Press. 1991.
269:, p. 167; and see the maps in
233:anglicizes the name as Linons and
100:and in response the Frankish king
25:
129:depicts a Frankish victory, the
113:they lived on the border of the
701:(MA thesis). Leiden University.
117:. The army, led by the Emperor
96:"defected" to the Danish king
1:
771:. Reichert. pp. 135–150.
158:rebelled against the Emperor
151:were also devastated in 811.
784:. Routledge. pp. 43–57.
760:. Wachholtz. pp. 15–38.
680:. Cornell University Press.
215:(who are grouped together).
739:10.3917/perri.minoi.2014.01
816:
676:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
82:classifies the Linones as
647:10.1007/978-1-349-26924-2
92:, in 808 the Linones and
727:Minois, Georges (2014).
526:, pp. 122–123, 134.
601:The Annals of St-Bertin
503:Kats & Claszen 2012
439:Kats & Claszen 2012
317:, vol. II, p. 164 n343.
315:Kats & Claszen 2012
200:Annals of Saint-Bertin
177:Annals of Saint-Bertin
108:. The language of the
708:Early Medieval Europe
505:, vol. II, p. 145): "
441:, vol. II, p. 143): "
333:, pp. 537–38): "
127:Royal Frankish Annals
89:Royal Frankish Annals
62:and northeast of the
46:in the region around
778:Chronicle of Moissac
766:Schneeweiss (eds.).
145:Chronicle of Moissac
136:Chronicle of Moissac
613:The Annals of Fulda
586:, pp. 135–136.
277:, pp. 350–351.
147:, the lands of the
102:Charles the Younger
86:. According to the
27:Slavic ethnic group
758:Slawen an der Elbe
720:10.1111/emed.12215
574:, p. 135 n73.
489:, pp. 553–54.
273:, p. 52, and
164:Horik I of Denmark
687:978-0-8014-7529-0
656:978-1-350-36252-9
301:, p. 41 n7;
289:, p. 47 n13.
237:germanizes it as
196:Louis the Younger
16:(Redirected from
807:
785:
772:
761:
752:
723:
702:
691:
672:
660:
630:
620:
615:. Translated by
608:
603:. Translated by
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
553:
547:
533:
527:
521:
515:
496:
490:
484:
478:
468:
462:
456:
450:
432:
426:
416:
410:
404:
398:
388:
382:
376:
370:
360:
354:
344:
338:
324:
318:
312:
306:
296:
290:
284:
278:
260:
254:
248:
242:
228:
156:Louis the German
131:Annals of Lorsch
79:Annals of Lorsch
21:
815:
814:
810:
809:
808:
806:
805:
804:
790:
789:
788:
775:
764:
755:
749:
726:
705:
694:
688:
675:
665:Fried, Johannes
663:
657:
633:
623:
611:
605:Janet L. Nelson
599:
595:
590:
582:
578:
570:
566:
558:, s.a. 858 (in
554:
550:
538:, s.a. 839 (in
534:
530:
522:
518:
501:, s.a. 811 (in
497:
493:
485:
481:
473:, s.a. 811 (in
469:
465:
457:
453:
437:, s.a. 808 (in
433:
429:
421:, p. 537;
417:
413:
405:
401:
393:, p. 167;
389:
385:
377:
373:
365:, p. 167;
361:
357:
349:, s.a. 808 (in
345:
341:
329:, s.a. 808 (in
325:
321:
313:
309:
297:
293:
285:
281:
265:, p. 485;
261:
257:
249:
245:
229:
225:
221:
191:Annals of Fulda
160:Louis the Pious
115:Frankish empire
58:, north of the
50:, south of the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
813:
811:
803:
802:
800:Polabian Slavs
792:
791:
787:
786:
773:
762:
753:
747:
724:
714:(3): 359–385.
703:
692:
686:
673:
661:
655:
635:Collins, Roger
631:
621:
617:Timothy Reuter
609:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:
576:
564:
548:
528:
516:
512:Rossignol 2019
491:
479:
463:
461:, p. 368.
451:
449:, p. 537.
427:
411:
409:, p. 537.
399:
397:, p. 368.
383:
381:, p. 363.
371:
369:, p. 537.
355:
339:
319:
307:
305:, p. 379.
291:
279:
255:
243:
235:Rossignol 2011
231:Rossignol 2019
222:
220:
217:
42:, across from
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
812:
801:
798:
797:
795:
783:
779:
774:
770:
763:
759:
754:
750:
748:9782262044237
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
700:
699:
693:
689:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
652:
648:
644:
641:. Macmillan.
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:
592:
585:
584:Goldberg 2006
580:
577:
573:
572:Goldberg 2006
568:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
529:
525:
524:Goldberg 2006
520:
517:
514:, p. 50.
513:
509:
504:
500:
495:
492:
488:
483:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
428:
424:
420:
415:
412:
408:
403:
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396:
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368:
364:
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343:
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336:
332:
328:
323:
320:
316:
311:
308:
304:
300:
295:
292:
288:
283:
280:
276:
275:Goldberg 2006
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
224:
218:
216:
214:
210:
209:
203:
201:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
165:
162:, while King
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
140:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:
71:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:were a small
33:
19:
781:
777:
767:
757:
729:
711:
707:
697:
677:
668:
638:
625:
612:
600:
593:Bibliography
579:
567:
555:
551:
543:
535:
531:
519:
506:
498:
494:
482:
470:
466:
459:Melleno 2017
454:
442:
434:
430:
414:
402:
395:Melleno 2017
391:Collins 1998
386:
379:Melleno 2017
374:
363:Collins 1998
358:
346:
342:
334:
326:
322:
310:
303:Melleno 2017
294:
282:
267:Collins 1998
258:
251:Collins 1998
246:
238:
226:
206:
204:
199:
189:
175:
153:
144:
141:
134:
130:
126:
125:. While the
109:
87:
77:
75:
69:
31:
29:
730:Charlemagne
669:Charlemagne
639:Charlemagne
560:Reuter 1992
540:Nelson 1991
510:" See also
487:Minois 2014
475:Scholz 1970
447:Minois 2014
445:" See also
419:Minois 2014
407:Minois 2014
367:Minois 2014
351:Scholz 1970
331:Minois 2014
299:Reuter 1992
287:Nelson 1991
271:Scholz 1970
186:Thuringians
182:Austrasians
119:Charlemagne
733:. Perrin.
423:Fried 2016
263:Fried 2016
149:Bechelenzi
667:(2016) .
172:Colodices
94:Smeldingi
73:Liezizi.
68:medieval
56:Obotrites
794:Category
637:(1998).
213:Morizani
123:Neustria
508:Abochi.
239:Linonen
98:Gudfred
60:Hevelli
44:Höhbeck
32:Linones
18:Linonen
745:
684:
653:
544:villae
110:Annals
64:Saxons
48:Lenzen
36:Slavic
219:Notes
168:Sorbs
106:Reric
84:Wends
52:Wilzi
743:ISBN
682:ISBN
651:ISBN
184:and
170:and
76:The
54:and
40:Elbe
30:The
735:doi
716:doi
643:doi
471:RFA
347:RFA
70:Gau
796::
741:.
712:25
710:.
649:.
556:AF
536:AB
499:CM
435:CM
337:"
327:AL
202:.
769:M
751:.
737::
722:.
718::
690:.
659:.
645::
241:.
20:)
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